美国文学 专八人文知识复习
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American Literature: A Concise History I. Review2005-2011真题中美国文学部分出现过哪些重要作家?这些作家分别代表哪些文学流派?如何高效地梳理美国文学简史?1. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense,before the American Revolution? (2011)A. Thomas Jefferson.B. John Adams.C. Thomas Paine.D. Benjamin Franklin.2. Which of the following best explores American mythin the 20th century? (2011)A. Beyond the Horizon.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. The Great Gatsby.3. The Financier is written by ______. (2010)A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser4. Who among the following is a poet of free verse? (2009)A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.5. Who wrote The American? (2008)A. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser6. Death of a Salesman was written by____. (2007)A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin7. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___. (2006)A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O’NeilD. Ernest Hemingway8. William Sydney Porter, known as O’Henry, is most famous for_____. (2005)A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels考点:重要作家及其作品;作家及其作品类型、风格已考体裁:长篇小说4,短篇小说1,戏剧1,诗歌1,散文1(先把少量的戏剧诗歌散文领域的著名作家梳理清楚,再重点复习主流小说家,最后整理边缘作家如黑人作家和女性作家)重要流派:romanticism1, realism2, naturalism1, modernism3重要作家:Theodore Dreiser3, Ernest Hemingway2, Henry James2, Herman Melville2, William Faulkner2, Mark Twain, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Arthur Miller, Scott Fitzgerald, Eugene O’Neil, O’Henry, F.S. Fitzgerald讨论:上述四大流派的大致历史时期?将重要作家和流派进行匹配II. Historical Periods1. Colonial Period: 17th~18th2. Romantic Period: end of 18th to the Civil War★3. The Age of Realism: 1865-1890★4. The Age of Naturalism: 1890-1900★5. Modern Period: 1912-1945★6. Postwar Realism: 1950s-1960s7. Postmodernism: 1960s-1980s可按几次大的战争大致分段:独立战争、南北战争(内战)、一战、二战III. Key Figures1. Benjamin Franklin2. James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving; Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson/Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville(R. W. Emerson, H.D. Thoreau)3. O’Henry, Henry James, Mark Twain4. Stephan Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Jack London5. Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, R.L. Frost/Ernest Hemingway,F.S. Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, John Steinbeck,William Faulkner /Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller6. Jerome Salinger7. Nabokov梳理清楚纵向的历史时期后,再细看各个时期重要作家。
专业英语八级人文知识之美国文学第一阶段独立革命之前(十七世纪中期之前)概述1、美国本土文学(美国印第安传统文学)早在欧洲人闯入北美大陆之前,那里世世代代居住的原始人是印第安人,他们的文化早已在这片土地上流传、存在了几千年之久。
他们创造出了并仍然在创造这优秀的印第安口头文学。
在各种典礼上咏诵的祝词,在劳作中吟唱的歌曲,世世代代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事,刻写在山间岩壁上的象形史诗,都是印第安传统文学的只要内容和形式,也是人类文明的宝贵遗产之一。
后来,随着殖民地的开拓,移民人数的剧增,印第安文化不断遭受重创,从而在17世纪出现断裂。
18世界末又开始以书面文学的形式开始了新的发展。
Three stages of development:1)traditional literature 2)transitional literature 3)modern literature2、北美殖民时期文学(十六世纪末—十七世纪中期)北美殖民文学的开端,以1607年英国在今佛吉尼亚的詹姆斯顿建立第一个永久性殖民点为标志。
从那时起直到1776年美利坚合众国成立,这半个世纪的北美英语文学的发展是外来文学移植、扎根并本土化的一个准备过程。
这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记随笔等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。
John Smith was considered to be the first author in the history of American literature。
3、清教思想的表述最初从欧洲来到美国的定居者被成为“清教徒”,因为他们迁徙的主要目的之一是为了“净化”教堂中的宗教行为。
他们的作品主要以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主。
第二阶段独立革命时期(17世纪中期—18世纪末)概述独立革命前后的美国文学,标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折,其主要内容和形式与殖民时期文学截然不同:如果说殖民时期文学主要反映的是清教精神,独立革命时期的文学则充满了浓烈的政治性和思辨性。
练习题:1、T he traditional dividing line in America between "east” and "west” is the Mississippi River.密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2、T he earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3、T he largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white.非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4、B efore 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000 年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。
2000年以后,拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数,成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5、A merica has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6、T he economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II.第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
7、I n the United States, primary education requires Six years years.美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
英国文学知识点总结一、中古世纪时期和文艺复兴时期1.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on theirway to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by ______. (2006)A.William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson2.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines. (2006)A.Free verseB. sonnetC. odeD. epigram重要文学术语一句话定义:Ballad 民谣:Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. It was handed down from generation to generation. 代表作:Robin HoodEpic 史诗:Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 代表作:BeowulfRenaissance 文艺复兴:It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.Humanism 人文主义:Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节:it refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter, the last line in iambic pentameter, rhyming ababbcbcc. 代表作:the Faerie QueeneSonnet 十四行诗: A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter. 代表人物:William Shakespeare重要人物和其代表作的一句话评价:Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟:He is regarded as the father of modern English poetry. 英国诗歌之父代表作:Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims.Philip Sidney 菲利普锡尼:He stands for the spirit of the Elizabeth age. 伊莉莎白时代精神的代表代表作:Defense of Poetry, Arcadia.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞:the poet s’ poet. He created Spenser Stanza. 诗人中的诗人,斯宾塞诗节的创作者。
美国文学Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Thomas Paine Paine 托马斯·潘恩1737-18091737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;Common Sense 常识;American Crisis 美国危机;Rights of Man 人的权利:Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Philip Freneau Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺1752-18321752-1832The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship 英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True V irtue Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-17901706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard ’s Almanack 穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth 致富之道;The Autobiography 自传自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文1783-18591783-1859A History of New Y ork 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book 见闻札记The The Legend Legend Legend of of of Sleepy Hollow Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers 旅客谈;The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉 James James Fenimore Fenimore Fenimore Cooper Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-18511789-1851The Spy 间谍;The Pilot 领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer 拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人最后的莫希干人;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Ralf Waldo Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-18821803-1882Essays 散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The The American American American Scholar Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul 论超灵;Self-reliance 论自立;The Transcendentalist 超验主义者;Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address 神学院演说 Concord Hymn 康考德颂;The Rhodo 杜鹃花;The Humble Bee 野蜂;Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河首开自由诗之先河 Henry David Threau 亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-18621817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience 抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-18821807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens 民谣及其他诗民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn 路边客栈的故事路边客栈的故事---诗集:An April Day 四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生人生礼物/Paul Revere ’s Ride 保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline 伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚------------叙事长诗;叙事长诗;叙事长诗;Poems on Slavery Poems on Slavery 奴役篇奴役篇---------反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗反蓄奴组诗Nathaniel Nathaniel Hawthorne Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Y :Young Goodman Brownoung Goodman Brown 年轻的古德曼·布朗;The ;The Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Letter Letter 红字;The House of of the the the Seven Seven Seven Gables Gables 有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇;The Marble Faun 玉石雕像玉石雕像Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-18911819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比·迪克莫比·迪克莫比·迪克//白鲸;白鲸;Typee Typee 泰比泰比;Omoo ;Omoo 奥穆奥穆;Mardi ;Mardi 玛地玛地;Redburn ;Redburn 雷得本得本;White Jacket ;White Jacket 白外衣白外衣;Pierre ;Pierre 皮尔埃皮尔埃;Piazza ;Piazza 广场故事广场故事;Billy Budd ;Billy Budd 比利·巴德比利·巴德Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼1819-18921819-1892 Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d 小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself 自我之歌自我之歌Emily Dickinson 埃米莉·迪金森1830-18861830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson 埃米莉·迪金森诗集埃米莉·迪金森诗集---------------““Tell all the truth and tell it slant slant”迂回曲折的,玄学的”迂回曲折的,玄学的”迂回曲折的,玄学的Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-18491809-1849(以诗为(以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)叶芝) Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia 莱琪儿;Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔·李----------歌特风格;歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河,又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems 帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems 艾尔·阿拉夫,艾尔·阿拉夫,帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems 乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven 乌鸦;The City in the Sea 海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen 致海伦致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom ’s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing 牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr ’s Island 奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks 老城的人们的人们 Part 4. The age of Realism William Dean Dean Howells Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance 现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes 时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle 透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading 小说创作与小说阅读小说创作与小说阅读 23、Henry James 享利·詹姆斯1843-19161843-1916 小说:Daisy Miller 苔瑟·米乐;苔瑟·米乐;The Portrait of a Lady The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像;贵妇人画像;The Bostonians The Bostonians 波士顿人;顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales The Real Thing and Other Tales 真货色及其他故事;真货色及其他故事;The Wings of the Dove The Wings of the Dove 鸽翼;The Ambassadors 大使;大使;The Golden Bowl The Golden Bowl 金碗金碗评论集:French Poets and Novelists 法国诗人和小说家法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne 霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews 札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术小说艺术Part 5. Local Colorism Mark Mark Twain Twain 马克·吐温(Samuel LonghorneClemens )------美国文学的美国文学的一大里程碑一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent ’s Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The ;The Gilded Gilded Gilded Age Age 镀金时代;The ;The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of Tom Tom Tom Sawyer Sawyer 汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper 王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Connecticut Y Y ankee ankee in in in King King King Arthur Arthur Arthur’’s s Court Court 亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The ;The Tragedy Tragedy Tragedy of of of Pudd Pudd Pudd’’nhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal ;Personal Recollections Recollections Recollections of of of Joan Joan Joan of of of Arc Arc 冉·达克;The ;The Man Man Man That That That Corrupted Corrupted Hadleyburg 败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story 怎样讲故事怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American Naturalism Stephen Stephen Crane Crane 斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-19001871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets 街头女郎梅姬(美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运);The Red Badge of Courage 红色英勇勋章;The Open Boat 小划子;The Bride Comes to Y ellow Sky 新娘来到黄天镇新娘来到黄天镇 Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺里斯1870-19021870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty 茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰(romantic );Mc-Teague 麦克提格(naturalistic );The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus 章鱼,The Pit 小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West 小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞1871-19451871-1945Sister Sister Carrie Carrie 嘉莉姐妹;Jennie ;Jennie Gerhardt Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘;Trilogy ;Trilogy of of of Desire Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer 金融家,The ,The Titan Titan 巨人,The ,The Stoic);An Stoic);An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟大的小说);Nigger Jeff 黑人杰弗黑人杰弗 Edwin Edwin Arlington Arlington Arlington Robinson Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig 克雷格上尉---诗体小说;The Town Down the River 河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky 衬托着天空的人;Avon ’s Harvest 沃冯的收成;Collected Poems 诗集诗集 40、Jack London 杰克·伦敦1876-19161876-1916The Son of the Wolf 狼之子,The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白獠牙;The People of the Abyss 深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel 铁蹄铁蹄;Marti Eden 马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist 我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes 阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me 生命对我意味着什么;Revolution 革命;Love ;Love of of of Life Life 热爱生命;The ;The Mexican Mexican 墨西哥人;Under ;Under the the Deck A wings 在甲板的天蓬下 Upton Upton Sinclair Sinclair 厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-19681878-1968Spring and Harvest 春天与收获;The Jungle 屠场(揭发黑幕运动的代表作家);King Coal 煤炭大王;Oil 石油;Boston 波士顿;Dragon ’s Teeth 龙齿龙齿 Part 7. The 1920s Imagism Ezra Ezra PoundPound 艾兹拉·庞德1885-19721885-1972 The Spirit of Romance 罗曼司精神罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes 意像派诗选意像派诗选;Cathay 华夏(英译中国诗);Literary ;Literary Essays Essays 文学论;Hugh ;Hugh Swlwyn Swlwyn Swlwyn Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Mauberley;A Few Few Few Don Don Don’’ts ts by by by Imagiste Imagiste 意像派戒条;Personage 面具;Polite ;Polite Essays Essays 文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound 庞德诗章(109首及8首未完成稿)成稿)Thomas Thomas Stearns Stearns Stearns Eliot Eliot 托马斯·艾略特1888-19651888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations 普罗夫洛克(荒原意识)普罗夫洛克(荒原意识);The Waste Land 荒原(The Burial of the Dead 死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess 弈棋弈棋;The Fire Sermon 火诫;Death by Water 水边之死;What the Thunder Said 雷电之言); 名诗:Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三;Four Quarters 四个四重奏四个四重奏诗剧:Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion 大团圆;Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-19551879-1955 Harmonium 风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar 弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction 关于最高虚构的札记(Peter (Peter Quince Quince Quince at at at the the the Clavier Clavier 彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday ;Sunday Morning Morning 礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn 秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems 诗集诗集William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-19631883-1963 收入Des Imagistes 意像派(意像派的第一部诗选)诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All 春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love 爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel 布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森(5卷长诗);Asphodal,That Green Flower 常青花日光兰(长诗)常青花日光兰(长诗)名诗:Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车;The Widow ’s s Lament Lament in in Spring Spring 寡妇的春怨;The ;The Dead Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father 麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait 无产阶级画像(from An Early Martyr 先驱); The Great American Novels 伟大的美国小说伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain 美国性格;Autobiography 自传自传 Robert Robert Frest Frest 罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-19631874-1963 A Boy ’s Wish 少年心愿;North of Boston 波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval 山间(成熟阶段)(The Road Not taken 没有选择的道路没有选择的道路); West-running Brook 西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree 一株作证的树一株作证的树Carl Carl Sandburg Sandburg 卡尔·桑德堡1878-19671878-1967 Always the Y oung Stranger 永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy 肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Y ears 草原的年代一、二;The War Y ears 战争的年代(林肯传记);The American Songbag 美国歌袋;The People,Y es 人民,好;Honey and Salt 蜜与盐;Corn-huskers 辗米机(Fog 雾);Smoke and Steel 烟与钢烟与钢E Cumings 肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips Tulips anddd anddd anddd Chimneys Chimneys 郁金香与烟囱;The ;The Enormous Enormous Enormous Room Room 大房间;XLI Poems 诗41首;Viva万岁;No , Thanks 不,谢谢;Collected Poems 诗集;Eimi 爱米(访苏游记)F F Scott Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(1896-1940(迷惘的一代迷惘的一代迷惘的一代)) The Side of Paradise 人间天堂人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned 美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night 夜色温柔夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon 最后的巨头最后的巨头 短篇小说:Flappers and Philosophers 姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz 爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille 早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace 冰宫;May Days 五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz 像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams 冬天的梦;The Rich Boy 富家子弟;Babylon Revisted 重访巴比伦敦巴比伦敦 The Crack-up 崩溃(自传体文集)崩溃(自传体文集)Ernest Ernest Hemingway Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961(“迷惘的一代”的代表人物)惘的一代”的代表人物) In In Our Our Our Time Time 在我们的年代里;The ;The Torrents Torrents Torrents of of of Spring Spring 春潮;The ;The Sun Sun Sun Also Also Also Rises Rises 太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms 永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说:Men Men Without Without Without W W omen 没有女人的男人;The ;The Winners Winners Winners Take Take Take Notheing Notheing 胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论:To Have and Have Not 贫与富贫与富 回忆录:A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥到处逍遥William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳1897-19621897-1962 The Marble Faun 云石林神(诗集);Soldiers ;Soldiers’’ Pay 兵饷(小说)兵饷(小说)短篇小说:Dry September 干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury 愤怒与喧嚣愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying 当我垂当我垂死的时候;Light in August 八月之光;Absalom,Absolam 押沙龙,押沙龙(家世小说)Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德·安德森1876-19411876-1941 Windy Windy McPherson McPherson McPherson’’s s Son Son 饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching ;Marching Men Men 前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque 俄亥俄州的温斯堡俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White 穷苦的白人;Many Marriages 多种婚姻;Dark Laughter 阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories 鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories 林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why 我想知道为什么我想知道为什么我想知道为什么 Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(1885-1951(美国第一美国第一个获诺贝尔奖个获诺贝尔奖)) Dur Mr Wrenn 我们的雷恩先生;The Job 求职;The Main Street 大先进;Babbitt 巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry 艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth 多兹沃斯;It can ’t Happen Here 事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal 王孙梦王孙梦 V illa Sibert Cather 维拉·凯塞1873-19471873-1947 O,Pioneers 啊,先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor ’s House 教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop 大主教之死大主教之死Thomas Thomas W W olfe 托马斯·沃尔夫1900-19381900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel 天使,望乡→(续)Of Time and the River 时间与河流;The Web and the Rock 蛛网与岩石;Y ou Can ’t Go Home Again 有家归不得;The Hills Beyond 远山(未完成)远山(未完成)短篇小说:From Death to Morning 从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨从死亡到早晨 Part 8. The 1930sJohn Dos Dos Passos Passos 帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District Money);District of of of Columbia Columbia 哥伦比亚大区(The (The Adventures Adventures Adventures of of of a a a Y Y oung oung Man Man 一个年轻人的冒险;Number One 第一号;The Grand Design 伟大的计划);Orient Express 东方特别快车(游记)东方特别快车(游记) John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1902-19661902-1966 Cup Cup of of of Gold Gold 金杯;Tortilla ;Tortilla Flat Flat 煎饼房;In ;In Dubious Dubious Dubious Battle Battle 胜负未定;Of Mice and Men 鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down 月亮下去了月亮下去了;Cannery Row 罐头厂街;The Pearl 珍珠短篇小说:The Red Pony 小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains 大山大山;The Promise 许诺,The Leader of the People 人们的领袖) Part 9. Black American LiteratureFrederick Frederick Douglass Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯,一个美国黑人的自述/My /My Bondage Bondage Bondage and and and My My My Freedom Freedom 我的枷锁与我的自由/The /The life life life and and and Time Time Time of of of Frederick Frederick Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代Booker T. Washington William E ·B Dubois 威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-19631868-1963 Souls Souls of of of Black Black Black Folk Folk 黑人的灵魂(Of (Of Booker Booker Booker T T T Washington Washington and and Others);The Others);The Others);The Suppression Suppression Suppression of of of the the African Slave Trade into into the the the USA USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame 黑色的火焰(三部曲)James James Langston Langston Langston Hughes Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-19691902-1969Mulatto 混血儿(剧本);The Weary Blues 疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death 亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem 哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander 我漂泊我思考我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple 辛普尔精选辛普尔精选辛普尔精选 Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫·埃利林1914-1914- 长篇小说:Invisible Man 看不见的人看不见的人散文集:Shadow and Act 影子与行动;Going to the Territory 步入文学界步入文学界James Baldwin 詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-19871924-1987散文集:Note of a Native Son 土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time 下一次烈火;No Name in the Street 他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work 魔鬼找到工作 小说:Go Tell it on the Mountain 向苍天呼吁;Giovanni ;Giovanni’’s Room 乔万尼的房间;Another Country 另一个国度;Tell ;Tell Me Me Me How How How Long Long Long the the the Train Train Train’’s s Been Been Been Gone Gone 告诉我火车已开多久;If ;If Beale Beale Beale Street Street Street Could Could Talk 假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head 就在我头上就在我头上短篇小说集:Going to Meet the Man 去见这个人去见这个人剧本:The Amen Corner 阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley 为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost 有一天当我迷失的时候有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后迷路前后Gwendolyn Brooks Part 10. American DramaEugene Oneil 尤金·奥尼尔1888-19531888-1953 独幕剧:Bound Bound East East East to to to Cardiff Cardiff 东航卡迪夫;The ;The Long Long Long V V oyage oyage Home Home 归途迢迢;The ;The Moon Moon Moon of of of the the Carribbeans 加勒比人之月多幕剧:Beyond the Horizon 天边外(其成名作);Anna Christie 安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape 毛猿;All the God ’s Children Got Wings 上帝的儿女都有翅膀上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown 大神布朗;The ;The Strange Strange Strange Interlude Interlude 奇异的插曲;Mourning ;Mourning Becomes Becomes Becomes Electr Electr 素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh 送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night 进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉夜常深沉Clifford Odets J J D D D Salinger Salinger 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-1919- 短篇小说:The Y oung Folks 年轻人年轻人 短篇小说集:Nine Stories 故事九篇中篇小说:Franny 弗兰尼;Zooey 卓埃;Raise ;Raise High High High the the the Roof Roof Roof Beam,Carpenters Beam,Carpenters 木匠们,把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction 西摩其人西摩其人长篇小说:The Cather in the Rye 麦田守望者麦田守望者 Tennessee William 田纳西·威廉斯1911-19831911-1983 American Blues 美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels 天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie 玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Streetcar Named Named Named Desire Desire 欲望号街车;Cat ;Cat on on on a a a Hot Tin Hot Tin Roof 热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of of The The Iguana 鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke 夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo 玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Y o ut out 可爱的青春鸟春鸟Arthur Arthur Miller Miller 阿瑟·米勒1915-1915- Situation Normal 情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck 吉星高照的人;All My Sons 都是我的儿子;The ;The Death Death Death of of of a a a Salesman Salesman 推销员;The ;The Crucible Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A ;A V V iew iew from from from the the Bridge 桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays 两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall 堕落之后堕落之后;Incident at V ichy 维希事件维希事件 ;The Price 代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop ’s Ceiling 大主教的天花板;The American Clock 美国时钟Edward Edward Albee Albee 爱德华·阿尔比1928-1928-The Zoo Story 动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith 贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox 沙箱;The American Dream 美国梦;Who ’s Afraid of V irginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice 小爱丽丝;A ;A Delicate Delicate Delicate Balance Balance 脆弱的羊群;Seascape 海景;The ;The Lady Lady Lady from from from Dubuque Dubuque 来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms 在臂人在臂人 Part 11. The Post-W ar Scene: The Novel . PoetrySaul Bellow 索尔·贝娄1915-1915- 长篇小说:Dangling Man 晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The V ictim 受害者;The Adventure of Augie March 奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King 雨王汉德逊雨王汉德逊;Herzog 赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet 塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt ’s Gift 洪堡的礼物洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the Day 且乐今朝且乐今朝Norman Mailer 诺曼·米勒1923- (1923- (垮掉的一代;文垮掉的一代;文学恐怖主义者学恐怖主义者//亡命之徒亡命之徒)) 裸者与死者;Barbary Shore 巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park 廘苑;An American Dream 一场美国梦;The White Negro 白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself 为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner ;The Executioner’’s Song 刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night 夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism 新新闻报道新新闻报道Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒1923-1923-长篇小说:Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened 出了毛病;As Good as Gold 像高尔德像高尔德一样好一样好 剧本:We Bombed in New Haven 我们轰炸纽黑文我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger ;Catch-22;Clevinger’’s Trial 克莱文杰受审(据Catch-22第八章)第八章) John Barth 约翰·巴思1930-1930-长篇小说:The Floating Opera 漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road 穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters 书信集;Giles ;Giles Goat-boy Goat-boy 山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost ;Lost in in in the the the Funhouse Funhouse 迷失在开心馆里(Title 题目);Chimera 客迈拉;客迈拉; Sabbatical 学院的轮休假;The ;The Friday Friday Friday Book:Essays Book:Essays Book:Essays and and and Other Other Nonfictions 星期五的书:论文及其他非小说 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦1937- (1937- (后现代后现代主义主义))Geography of a Horse Dreamer 马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City 天使城;The Tooth of Crime 罪恶的罪恶的牙齿;Family 家庭家庭 (Curse of the S tarving Class Starving Class 饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child 被埋葬的孩子;True W est 真正的西部);Fool for Love 情痴;A Lie of the Mind 心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas 德州的巴黎德州的巴黎 Poetry: Stanley Kunitz Richard Wilbur Elizabeth Bishop Howard Nemerov 。
一.Literature of colonial settlements(北美殖民时期文学)(16C末——17C中)John Smith “the first author”《A True Map of Virginia》二.the literature around the revolution of independence (17C中——18C末)1.Franklin (1706——1790)scientist politician writer《the Autobiography,自传》《poor Richard’s almanac穷查理历书》2. Thomas Jefferson (1743——1826) 《the declaration of independence,独立宣言》3. Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752——1832) “father of American poetry”《the wild honey suckle,野忍冬花》《The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地》《the British prison shop英国囚船》《the rising glory of America美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》三.American Romanticism(18C末——19C中后)1. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父《the sketch book 见闻札记》《the legend of sleep hollow 睡谷的传说》《rip Van Winkler 瑞普·凡·温克尔》2. James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·菲尼·莫库珀《the spy 间谍》《the pioneers 拓荒者》《the last of the Mohicans 最后的莫西干人》《the prairie 大草原》《the pathfinder 探路人》《the deerslayer 杀鹿者》《leather stocking tales 皮袜子的故事集》3. Edgar Allen Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡写科学和侦探小说“侦探小说的鼻祖”《tales of the grotesque and arabesque 怪诞故事集》《the murders in the Rue morgue 莫格街谋杀案》《the fall of the house of Usher 厄舍古厦的倒塌》4.Ralph waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生transcendentalism超验主义《Nature 论自然》《essays 论文集》《the American scholar 美国学者》5.Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗超验主义《Walden 瓦尔登湖》6.Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔《Moby Dick 莫比·迪克》7.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·朗费罗《the song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌》《voices of the night 夜吟》《A psalm of life 人生礼赞》8.Walt Whitman 华尔特·惠特曼《leaves of grass 草叶集》《song of myself 自我之歌》四.American Realism (19C中——20C初)1.Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽叶特比彻斯托夫人女《uncle tom’s cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋》(anti-slavery novel)2.Mark Twain 马克·吐温《the adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆·索耶历险记》《the adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·芬历险记》《life on Mississippi 密西西比河上》《the gilded age镀金时代》海明威评价:“全部美国文学都来自马克吐温的《哈克贝利·芬历险记》”3.O·Henry 欧·亨利短篇小说《the cop and the anthem 警察与赞美诗》《the furnished room 带家具出租的房间》《the gift of the magi 麦琪的礼物》《the last leaf 最后一片藤叶》4.Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯《Daisy Miller 黛西·米勒》《the portrait of a lady 贵妇人画像》《the wings of the dove 鸽翼》《the ambassadors 大使们》《the Golden bowl 金碗》5.Jack London 杰克·伦敦《the sea wolf 海狼》自传体短篇小说《Martin Eten 马丁·伊登》《the call of the wild 野性的呼唤》6.Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛《sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹》《Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘》五.American modernism (20C初——)1.Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯1930年第一个美国人获诺贝尔奖《main street 大街》《Babbitt 巴比特》2.Eugene O’Neill 尤金·奥尼尔剧作家1936年获诺贝尔奖《long day’s journey into night 进入黑夜的漫长旅途》《the hairy ape 毛猿》《the Iceman cometh 送冰人来了》3.Pearl S. Buck 赛珍珠1938年获诺贝尔奖《the good earth 大地》翻译了《水浒传all men are brothers》4.Thomas Stearns Eliot T.S.艾略特1948年获诺贝尔奖《the wasteland 荒原》《four quartets 四个四重奏》《murder in the Cathedral 大教堂的凶杀案》《the hollow man 空心人/透明人》5.William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳1949年获诺贝尔奖《the sound and the fury 愤怒与喧嚣》《as I lay dying 当我垂死的时候/我弥留之际》6.Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威“the lost generation迷惘的一代”的代表作家1954年获诺贝尔文学奖《the sun also rises 太阳照常升起》《farewell to arms永别了,武器》《for whom the Bell tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣》《the old man and the sea 老人与海》7.F·Scott Fitzgerald 司各特·费茨杰拉德《the great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比》(jazz age)8.John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1962年获诺贝尔奖《the grapes of wrath 愤怒的葡萄》《of mice and men 人与鼠》9.Toni Morrison 托尼·莫瑞森黑人作家1993年获诺贝尔奖《song of Solomon 所罗门之歌》10.J.D. Salinger J.D.塞林格《the catcher in the rye 麦田里的守望者》11.Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃里森African-American novelist 《the invisible man 隐形人》12.Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒“黑色幽默”文学代表人物《catch-22 第二十二条军规》13.Tennessee Williams 田纳西·威廉斯剧作家《A streetcar named desire 欲望号街车》14.Ezra Pound 艾兹拉·庞德意象派诗歌(imagism)创始人《in A station of the metro 地铁车站》(14words :the apparition of these faces in the crowd;petals on a wet, black bough.)15.Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特“新英格兰诗人”《new Hampshire 新罕布什尔》《A boy’s wish 一个孩子的愿望》16.Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特·米切尔《gone with the wind 飘》。
(一)重要文学术语诙谐短诗(Epigram):诙谐短诗短小机智,表达一个耐人寻味的简单思想或观察。
奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde)以他的诙谐短诗著称。
An epigram is a brief,clever,an usually memorable statement现实主义(Realism):现实主义指艺术或文学中客观地将事物、行为或社会状况按照现实的本来情况进行表述,而不是用抽象的或者理想化的形式来表现。
Realism sought to portray familiar characters,situations,and settings in a realistic manner.This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.(二)名家名作查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812-1870)狄更斯是19世纪最伟大的小说家,批判现实主义的杰出代表。
其作品广泛而深刻地描写社会生活的各个方面,鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物的形象。
狄更斯作品的广度和深度远远超过了同时代的任何文学作品。
马克思将狄更斯列在英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家的首位。
在初期作品中,狄更斯对许多社会问题的解决还抱着比较乐观的态度,认为资本主义社会中的那些罪恶是可以补救的。
Sketches by Boz《波兹特写》Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》-----小说中的奥利弗(Oliver)是狄更斯笔下的第一儿童形象。
The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》在中期作品中,狄更斯对社会的乐观态度开始改变。
David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》-----全书采用第一人称叙事语气,其中融进了坐着本人的许多生活经历。
1. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____A Jack LondonB Charles DickensC Samuel ColeridgeD Ernest Hemingway2. The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____A J.D. SalingerB Jack LondonC Flannery O'ConnorD Saul Bellow3. The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by____A Washington IrvingB Fennimore CooperC Edith WhartonD William Dean Howells4. The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____A O'NeilB PoundC Robert FrostD Scott Fitzgerald5. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____A friendshipB love and marriageC life and deathD war and peace6. Robert Frost is a famous ____A novelistB playwrightC poetD literary critic7. The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of RealismB Age of ClassicalismC Age of RomanticismD Age of Renaissance8. It’s generally known that the “First book of American” is ___ b y John Smith.A A True Relation of VirginiaB The True Travels of Captain John SmithC Map of the Bay and the RiversD A Description of New England9. ___ was the first black woman who published her collection of poems.A Philis WheatleyB Ralph EllisonC James BaldwinD Alex Haley10. In Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, "A" may stand for ____.A.Adultery B.AngelC.Amiable D.All the above11. Poor Ric hard’s Almanac was written by __ who also wrote ___.A Benjamin Franklin … AutobiographyB Washington Irving … AutobiographyC Washington Irving … History of New Y orkD Be njamin Franklin … History of New Y ork12. The series of “poems of romantic fancy” are poems written by ___.A Washington IrvingB James Fenimore CooperC Edgar Allan PoeD Philip Freneau13. T.S.Eliot’s most famous long poem is ___.A I Wondered Lonely as a CloudB A Boy’s WillC The Waste LandD The Golden Bough14. Hemingway once described ___the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A Moby-DickB The Sun Also RisesC The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD The Great Gatsby15. Stephen Crane is famous for ___.A An American TragedyB The AmbassadorsC Main StreetD The Red Badge of Courage答案及解析:1. D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
专八人文知识英国文学1. Beowulf: national epic in old English2. Geoffrey Chaucer: father of modern English poetry; The Canterbury Tales3. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: story about King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table4. Renaissance: it was an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.5. Thomas More: Utopia6. William Shakespeare: Four Great Tragedies: Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Othello He was also famous for his sonnets and love tragedy: Romeo and Juliet.7. John Milton: Paradise Lost (great epic)8. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe9. Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels10. John Bunyan: Pilgrim’s Progress (It is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.)11. Samuel Johnson: A Dictionary of the English Language12. In the mid-18th century, a new literary trend called Romanticism came to Europe and then to England.13. National poet of Scotland: Robert Burns14. William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads (It marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.)15. George Gordon Byron: Don Juan16. Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind17. John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale18. In the Victorian Age (1836 – 1901), romanticism gradually gave way to realism.19. Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities; David Copperfield; Oliver Twist20. Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights21. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urbervilles22. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair23. George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion; Mrs Warren’s Profession (He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.)24. John Galsworthy: The Forsyte Saga25. James Joyce: “stream-of-consciousness”。
美国文学
第一章殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学(1617——1783)Background: 1)The first permanent English settlement in North America at James Town, Virginia in 1617
2)In 1629 the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
3)Independent War (1776——1783)
Personal Literature In Its Various Forms
John Smith A True Relation of Virginia《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation《普利茅斯种植园史》
He was the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation
Early Poetry
Anne Bradstreet Contemplations《沉思集》
She was known as the “Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up”in
America.
Important Writers of American Puritanism
Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will《论意志自由》
His endeavors contributed to bringing about the “Great
Awakening(大觉醒)”.
他被认为是美国超验主义的先驱。
Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理年鉴》
The Autobiography《自传》
Authors who call for democratic government and writes for it Thomas Paine Common Sense《常识》
The American Crisis《美国危机》
The Rights of Man《人的权利》
The Age of Reason《理性的时代》
Philip Freneau The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》
“The Wild Honey Suckle”《野忍冬花》
He is “poet of the American Revolution”and the “father of
American Poetry”
Others
Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
第二章浪漫主义时期的美国文学(19世纪上半叶)
Early American Romanticism
Washington Irving The Sketch Book《见闻札记》marked the beginning of
American Romanticism.
Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷传说》
He has been called the father of the American short story.
He is the first American Writer of imaginative literature to
gain international fame, so he was regarded as father of
American literature.
James Fennimore Cooper The Spy《间谍》
Leaherstocking Tales《皮袜子五部曲》
拓荒者,最后的莫西干人,草原,探路者,杀鹿者
他是第一个在大西洋两岸有影响力的美国作家
New England Transcendentalism(1840s开始)
Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature《论自然》had been called “the manifesto of
American Transcendentalism”美国超验主义的宣言
The American Scholar《美国学者》
Henry David Thoreau Walden《瓦尔登湖》
Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter《红字》He is a master of symbolism. Herman Melville Moby Dick《白鲸》
Edgar Allan Poe Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque《怪诞奇异故事集》
The Raven《乌鸦》
他是侦探小说的鼻祖
(In the poetry aspect)
Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死神》
I Heard a Fly Buzz----When I Died《我死时听到了苍蝇的
嗡嗡声》
New England Poets
William Cullen Bryant To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》
是美国第一个赢得国际声誉的本土诗人
The Reformers and Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
She is an anti-slavery writer.
第三章现实主义时期的美国文学(19世纪后半叶)
背景:1861—1865美国内战
By the 1870s, the New England Renaissance gradually lost its influence. The age of Romanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. Then the age of realism arrived. American realism developed into naturalism.
Realism writers
William Dean Howells The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》
He writers about the rising middle class.
Henry James The American《美国人》
Daisy Miller《戴茜·米勒》
The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇人的画像》
He describes the upper class. He is famous for
psychological realism.
Local Colorism Writers
Mark Twain The Adventuress of Tom Sawyer
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The Gilded Age《镀金时代》
Life on the Mississippi《在密西西比上》
Autobiography《自传》
The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》
The Prince and the Pauper《王子与贫儿》
Bret Harte The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运儿》Hamlin Garland Main-Traveled Road《大路条条》
Naturalism Writers
Stephen Crane Maggie: A girl of the Streets《街头女郎马吉》
The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》Frank Norris Mcteague《麦克提格》Octopus《章鱼》Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie《嘉丽姐妹》金融家,巨头,斯多噶Jack London The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》
他被认为是心理现实主义的创造者
O’Henry The Last Leaf《最后一片叶子》麦琪的礼物Upton Sinclair The Jungle《屠场》Oil《石油》Boston《波士顿》第四章现代时期的美国文学。