专八2003-人文知识真题及答案精编版

专八人文知识真题答案答案解析本文将针对专八人文知识真题进行答案解析，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握相关知识点。

一、古代文学古代文学是中国优秀文化遗产的重要组成部分，对于理解中国传统文化和思想具有重要意义。

其中，诗、词、曲是古代文学中的重要体裁。

1. 诗诗是古代文学的瑰宝，通过简洁而富有意境的语言表达了诗人的情感和思想。

唐代被誉为诗歌的黄金时代，诸如李白、杜甫、白居易等诗人的作品至今仍被广泛传诵。

2. 词词是一种以抒情为主的韵文体裁，在宋代达到了极高的艺术成就。

苏轼、辛弃疾等词人的作品以其直抒胸臆、婉约清丽的风格受到了广泛的赞誉。

3. 曲曲是中国戏曲中的重要组成部分，融合了音乐、舞蹈和表演等艺术形式。

元曲和京剧是中国曲艺的两个代表性流派，具有独特的审美风格和表演技巧。

二、中国古代哲学思想中国古代哲学思想是世界文化宝库的瑰宝，深深影响着中国人民的价值观和世界观。

1. 儒家思想儒家思想强调人伦关系和道德伦理，注重个人修养和家庭和谐。

儒家思想的核心思想是“仁”，提出了仁者爱人、以文化教化人、推崇中庸的理念。

2. 道家思想道家思想主张顺应自然、追求真道和无为而治。

道家强调宇宙规律和自然法则，提出了“道可道，非常道”和“无为而治”的观念。

3. 墨家思想墨家思想主张兼爱、非攻，反对战争和压迫。

墨家的核心思想是“非攻”和“兼爱”，主张用爱代替战争，实现社会和谐与人类共荣。

三、中国古代艺术中国古代艺术以其独特的审美风格和艺术表现形式而闻名于世。

1. 中国古代绘画中国古代绘画以山水画、花鸟画和人物画为主要表现形式，注重“意境”的呈现。

历史上有许多著名的绘画家，如吴道子、顾恺之等，他们的作品至今仍被广泛赞誉。

2. 中国古代书法中国古代书法是中国文化的瑰宝，以其独特的艺术形式和审美追求而备受推崇。

楷书、行书、草书和隶书等是中国古代书法的主要流派。

3. 中国古代音乐中国古代音乐以其独特的音律和表演形式而享誉世界。

传统的古琴、笛子、二胡等是中国古代音乐中的代表乐器，让人们感受到中国古代音乐的魅力。

专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）专八人文知识练习（1）1. Morphology is a study of ___1___A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formationB. the uses of different types of utterances in different contextsC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world2.Which of the following does NOT belong to “open class words”?___2___A. NounsB. AdjectivesC. ConjunctionsD. Adverbs3. What is the minimal unit of meaning?___3___A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. AllophoneD. Allomorph4. Which of the following is NOT a free morpheme?___4___A. bedB. tressC. danceD. children5. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?___5___A. RainbowB. InactionC. Icy-coldD. Unpleasant6. ___6___ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds7.Syntax mainly deals with ___7___A. how a language changes through timeB. how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.C. how the human work when they use languageD. how a language varies through geographical space8.Syntactic categories contain the type of ___8___A. meaning that words expressB. affixes that the words takeC. structures in which the words can occurD. all of the above9.Which of the following is NOT the concern of a word category? ___9___A. A word category can be determined by meaning, inflection and distributionB. T o determine a word’s category by its meaning only is often not reliable.C. A word category can be embodied directly from its meaning.D. Distribution is more reliable than the meaning todetermine a word’s category.10. What elements does a phrase contain? ___10___A. Head, determine and complement.B. Head, specifier and complement.C. Head, specifier and complementizer.D. Head, determiner and complementizer.参考答案：ACBDD CBDCB专八人文知识练习（2）1. Where is Belfast?A. In Ireland.B. In WalesC. In Northern Ireland.D. In Scotland.2. The capital of New Zealand is_____A. Canberra.B. Ottawa.C. Wellington.D. Washington.3. Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper?A. The Guardian.B. Christian Science Monitor.C. The Daily Telegraph.D. The Times.4. The community college is a kind of_____ college popular in_____ to satisfy the needs of both the individual and the society.A. five-year; U.K.B. four-year; U.K.C. three-year; U.S.D. two-year; U.S.5. James Joyce was a famous____ whose masterpiece Ulysseshas been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20th century.A. Essayist.B. Novelist.C. Poet.D. Playwright.6. George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works except____A. Child Harold’s Pilgrimage.B. Queen Mab.C. Hours of Idleness.D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most noteworthy novel in the world?A. Gone with the Wind.B. For Whom the Bell Tolls.C. American Tragedy.D. The Scarlet Letter8.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is______.A. syntaxB. semanticsC. morphologyD. sociolinguistics9.Words like “Xerox” and ”Kodak” a re formed by____A. back-formationB. blendingC. coinageD. acronym10.Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to enrich its vocabulary in the past several centuries?A. BorrowingB. UpgradationC. NarrowingD. Widening参考答案：CCBDB BDACB专八人文知识练习（3）1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.C.B Los AngelesC San FranciscoD New Y ork City2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A BlacksB HispanicsC IndiansD Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A varietiesB elementsC partsD form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A Thomas JeffersonB James MonroeC James MadisonD Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A Rhode IslandB VirginiaC TexasD Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A the Star-Spangled BannerB Uncle SamC Hot DogD Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A the Amazon RiverB the Mississippi RiverC the Nile RiverD the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A FranceB SpainC ItalyD Britain答案详解：1 D,纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

2003年专业英语八级考试真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheetSECTION A TALKQuestions I to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.D. Office atmosphere influences workers' performance.2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on yourA. promotion.B. colleagues.C. management.D. union.3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.C. Contact a consultative committee first.D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPTA. mediation.B. arbitration.C. negotiation.D. representation.5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?A. Role of the union.B. Work relations.C. Company structure.D. Office layout.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.C. He received professional training in acting.D. He came from a single-parent family.7. David is inclined to believe inA. aliens.B. UFOs.C. the TV character.D. government conspiracies.8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of hisA. professional training.B. personality.C. life experience.D. appearance.9. From the interview, we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustration.B. haunted by the unknown thingsC. confident but moody.D. successful yet unsatisfied.10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of anger.B. He has a sense of sadness.C. It helped him grow up.D. It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. What is the main idea of the news item?A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.12. Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidate.B. they are all ill-informed.C. the candidates do not differ much.D. they do not want to vote twice.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.Now listen to the news.13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?A. Canada.B. The US.C. Australia.D. Scandinavia.14. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland15. According to the UN report, the least developed country isA. Ethiopia.B. Mali.C. Sierra Leon.D. Central African Republic.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART III READING COMPREHENSIOS (40MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet~TEXT AHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man〞. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent timesthe Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own -unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan〞 said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when theyA are engaged in traditional crafts.B. call themselves Roma.C. live under a clan system.D. face external threats.17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the followingEXCEPTA. the Egyptians.B the state.C. the church.D. the Nazis.18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA．language.B. culture.C. identity.D. custom.TEXT ＢI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains thatonce ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and'30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and '80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin’good!〞at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone〞—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed toa 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that HarlemA. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling ofA. indifference.B, discomfort.C. delight.D. nostalgia.21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and '30s mainly because of itsA. art and culture.B. immigrant population.C. political enthusiasm.'D. distinctive architecture.22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the authorA. has strong reservations about the changes.B. has slight reservations about the changes,C. welcomes the changes in Harlem.D. is completely opposed to the changes.TEXT CThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.TEXT KFirst read the questions.39. When did Moore receive his first commission?A. In 1948.B. In 1946.C. In 1931.D. In 1928.40. Where did Moore win his first international prize?A. In London.B. In Venice.C. In New York.D. In Hamburg.Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman's grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years.Throughout the 1920's Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued.In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore's work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970's the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore's work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960's came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb.A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.ANSWER SHEET ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Marslow's Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance.Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.(2)______________needs: needs for a) physicalsecurity;b)(3)_______________security.The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one's sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's (6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one'spotential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play. ANSWER SHEET TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS [2003]-GRADE EIGIHT-PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.〞These young (2)__adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)__formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__ Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER TWOTIME LIMIT: 120 MINPART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，非常郁郁不得志起来。

2003年英语专八人文知识真题31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth century, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992.[A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream".[A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr[C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37. Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by his experiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39. Which of the following words can correct two clauses in a coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005年英语专八人文知识真题31. is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year [D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore. [D] Philadelphia.34. is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Brontë [C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by .[A] John Searle [B] John Austin [C] Noam Chomsky [D] M.A.K. Halliday参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31. The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32. The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition [D] the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser.[D] James Joyce.36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill [D] Ernest Hemingway37. is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectivelyEXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister[D] the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines[D] the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Brontë?[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40. The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案 CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31. The largest city in Canada is .A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Caterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31. The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?[A] Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] Thomas Paine. [D] John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney. [D] Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] Percy B. Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy [C] D.H. Lawrence[D] James Joyce38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom 32、B Edinburgh.33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37、C D.H. Lawrence. 38、D psycholinguistics.39、C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B. the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal答案A：Quebec33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantationslavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth答案C：Robert Browning36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme答案A：Allegory38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introduction答案A：language acquisition39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym答案C：blendingnguage is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function答案B： informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. ScotlandTIP：选D。

专业英语八级（人文知识）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.535)的代表作。

知识模块：人文知识7．Which of the following is not a work of Edgar Allan Poe in American history?A．The Raven.B．Annabel Lee.C．To Helen.D．The Pasture.正确答案：D解析：Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·爱伦·坡，1809～1894)美国作家、诗人、编辑及文学评论家。

其诗旋律优美，才华横溢。

诗歌特色是唯美和恐怖，如让人毛骨悚然的诗歌The Raven(《乌鸦》)。

Israfel(《以色拉非》)是爱伦·坡为自己所做的代言诗歌，而Annabel Lee(《安娜贝尔·李》)则是哀悼一位美丽女孩之死。

死亡是爱伦·坡作品中多次出现的主题。

To Helen(《致海伦》)也是其著名作品。

[D]The Pasture(《牧场》)是美国著名田园诗人Robert Frost(罗伯特·弗罗斯特，1874～1963)的诗作，故为答案。

知识模块：人文知识8．Chomsky’s ______ hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately such as children can learn language very fast.A．naturalB．innatenessC．genuineD．heritage正确答案：B解析：Chomsky认为语言是某种天赋，儿童天生就具有一种学习语言的能力，叫做“语言习得机制(LAD)”。

他认为儿童生来就具有一种独特的天赋才能(innateness)，即儿童天生就具有基本的语法知识和语法范畴的知识，并且这种知识是一种通用的、普遍的知识，是存在于一切人类语言之中并为人类幼儿所天生具有的知识，[B]innateness(天赋)为答案。

专业英语八级（人文知识）练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．On which of the following streets is the financial centre of the U．S．10cated?A．Fleet Street．B．Downing Street．C．Wall Street．D．Baker Street．正确答案：C解析：华尔街是美国纽约曼哈顿南部一条大街的名字，长不超过1英里，宽仅11米，是美国主要金融机构的所在地，被誉为“西方的金融中心”。

其他三条街都在英国。

Fleet Street(舰队街)是英国报纸业较为集中的一条街，也是英国新闻界的代称。

Downing Street(唐宁街)是英国首相官邸及一些政府主要部门在伦敦的所在地。

Baker Street(贝克街)是伦敦西区的一条繁华街道。

小说家柯南·道尔(Sir Arthur Conar Dogle)塑造的人物福尔摩斯和华生医生曾于1881年至1904年居住在该街221B号(作者虚拟未来的地址)。

知识模块：人文知识2．The jury in the High Court of New Zealand is composed of ______ members．A．18B．16C．14D．12正确答案：D解析：新西兰高等法院陪审团由12位成员组成。

知识模块：人文知识3．Education in the U．K．is compulsory”for all children aged betweenA．5 and 16．B．8 and 17．C．6 and 15．D．7 and 19．正确答案：A解析：英国5到16岁的学生必须接受义务教育。

2003年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

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SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)David is inclined to believe inA. alienB. UFOC. the TV characteD. government conspiracie(3)David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his中大网校引领成功职业人生A. professional traininB. personalitC. life experiencD. appearanc(4)From the interview，we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustratioB. haunted by the unknown thingC. confident but moodD. successful yet unsatisfie(5)How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of angeB. He has a sense of sadnesC. It helped him grow uD. It left no effect on hi(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidatB. they are all ill－informeC. the candidates do not differ mucD. they do not want to vote twic(8)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>According to the UN Human Development Report，which is the best place／or women in the world?A. CanadB. The UC. AustraliD. Scandinavi(9)__________ is in the 12th place in overall ranking．A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland(10)According to the UN report，the least developed country isA. EthiopiB. MalC. Sierra LeoD. Central African RepubliPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校引领成功职业人生</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPTA. the EgyptianB. the statC. the churcD. the Nazi(3)Which of the following is NOT a cause of the inaccurate count of Gypsies?A. Gypsies are reluctant to deal with the authoritieB. Many gypsies have immigrated to other continentC. Some governments are prone to mistakes in countinD. Gypsy groups may make great play about the population(4)According to the passage，the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA. languagB. culturC. identitD. custo中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：(5)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"> </A>中大网校引领成功职业人生(6)When the author recalls Harlem in the old days，he has a feeling ofA. indifferencB. discomforC. delighD. nostalgi(7)Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the l920s and’30s mainly because of itsA. art and culturB. immigrant populatioC. political enthusiasD. distinctive architectur(8)According to the passage，Harlem seems to have a renaissance partly becauseA. its economy has been improved greatlB. its crime rate has dropped drasticallC. it has eventually gone with the tidD. it has established a empowerment zon(9)From the passage we can infer that，generally speaking，the authorA. has strong reservations about the changeB. has slight reservations about the changeC. welcomes the changes in HarleD. is completely opposed to the change(10)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. MarriagB. BackgrounC. Relevant degre中大网校引领成功职业人生D. Mal(11)The word “dossier” in the third paragraph probably meansA. cataloguB. filC. papeD. certificat(12)The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family backgrounB. intended to check out his other job offerC. wanted to know something about his preferencD. was interested in any personal detail of the ma(13)According to the passage，the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDeerB. he would soon become a partner himselC. he was good at interviewing applicantD. his background was similar to McDeere’(14)We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selectivB. secretivC. perfunctorD. racially biase(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)For a CEO to be successful in government，he has toA. regard the president as the CEB. take absolute control of his departmenC. exercise more power than the congressional committeD. become acquainted with its power structur(17)In commenting on O’Ncill’s record as Treasury Secretary，the passage seems to indicate thatA. 0’NciII hits failed to use his power welB. 0’Neill’s policies were well receiveC. 0’Neill has been consistent in his policieD. 0’Neill is uncertain about the package he’s approve(18)According to the passage,the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPTA. nature of activitB. option of withdrawaC. legitimacy of activitD. power distributio(19)The author seems to suggest that CE0－turned government officialsA. are able to fit into their new roleB. arc unlikely to adapt to their new roleC. can respond to new situations intelligentlD. may feel uncertain in their new post(20)Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Presidential PoweB. CEOs in GovernmenC. The welregarded Treasury SecretarD. Troubles of CE0．turned Government OfficialPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>The state of California is onA. Caribbean SeB. the Gulf of MexicC. the Pacific CoasD. the Atlantic Coas(2)Which of the following is NOT a British news agency?A. ReuterB. The Associated PresC. The Press Association LtD. United Press，Lt(3)The following are the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPTA. George WashingtoB. Benjamin FrankliC. Willian PenD. Thomas Jefferso(4)Canada occupies about__________ 0f the North American continent．A. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/5(5)Who was “the Father of English Poetry”?A. Francis BacoB. John MiltoC. Robert BurnD. Geoffrey Chauce(6)The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now calledA. free versB. sonneC. blank versD. balla(7)The Great Gatsby was written byA. Wallace StevenB. Thomas Stearns ElioC. Ernest HemingwaD. Scott Fitzgeral(8)__________ can be simply defined as the study of meaning．A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Linguistics(9)Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of linguistics?A. PhoneticB. SyntaC. SynchronicD. Semantic(10)Which of the following words contains one bound morpheme?A. DisappearancB. UntouchablC. DesirabilitD. PhysiciaPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><A中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：href="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

专八2003-2015年人文知识真题及答案2003年英语专八人文知识真题31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth century, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products[D] electronics32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992.[A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream".[A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr[C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37. Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by hisexperiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39. Which of the following words can correct two clauses in a coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005年英语专八人文知识真题31. is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year[D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore.[D] Philadelphia.34. is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Brontë [C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by .[A] John Searle [B] John Austin [C] Noam Chomsky [D] M.A.K. Halliday参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31. The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32. The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition [D] the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers isa poet of the 20th century?[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill [D] Ernest Hemingway37. is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines [D] the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Brontë?[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40. The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案 CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31. The largest city in Canada is .A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Caterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poeticwork by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31. The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?[A] Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] Thomas Paine. [D] John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney.[D] Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] PercyB. Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy[C] D.H. Lawrence [D] James Joyce38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom32、B Edinburgh. 33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37、C D.H. Lawrence. 38、D psycholinguistics. 39、C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B. the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal答案A：Quebec33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson 答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth答案C：Robert Browning36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme答案A：Allegory38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introduction答案A：language acquisition39. The word “motel” comes from“motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym答案C：blendingnguage is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function答案B： informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. ScotlandTIP：选D。

20GG年专业8级考试真题及答案试卷一(95min)PartⅠListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandt henanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarAthecorrectanswertoeachquestio nonyourCOLOREDANSWERSHEET.SECTIONATALAQuestions1to5refertothetalAinthissection.AttheendofthetalAyouwillbegi ven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothe talA.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutofficesisNOTtrueaccordingtothe talA?A.OfficesthroughouttheworldarebasicallyaliAB.ThereareprimarilytwoAindsofofficelayout.C.OfficesurroundingsusedtodependoncompanyD.OfficeatmosphereinfluencesworA ers’p2.WecaninferfromthetalAthatharmoniousworArelationsmayhaveadirecti mpactonyour____.A.promotionB.colleaguesC.managementD.union3.SupposingyouwereworAinginasmallfirm,whichofthefollowingwouldyo udowhenyouhadsomeA.RequestaformalspecialmeetingwiththeB.Draftaformalagendaforaspecialmeeting.C.ContactaconsultativecommitteeD.AsAtoseethebossforatalAimmediately.4.AccordingtothetalA,theunionplaysthefollowingrolesEGCPETA.mediationB.arbitrationC.negotiationD.representation5.WhichtopicisNOTcoveredinthetalAA.Roleoftheunion.B.WorApanystructure.D.Officelayout.SECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillb egiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistento theinterview.6.WhichofthefollowingsatementsisINCORRECTabout David’s personalba cAground?A.HehadeGcellentacademicrecordsatschoolanduniversity.B.HewasonceonaPhDprogrammeatYaleC.HereceivedprofessionaltraininginD.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.7.DavidisinclinedtobelieveinA.aliensC.theTVcharacterernmentconspiracies8.DavidthinAsheisfitfortheTVrolebecauseofhisA.professionaltrainingB.pC.lifeeGperienceD.appearance9.Fromtheinterview,weAnowthatatpresentDavidfeels____.A.asenseoffrustrationB.hauntedbytheunAnownC.confidentbutmoodyD.successfulyetunsatisfied10.HowdoesDavidfeelaboutthedivorceofhisA.Hefeelsasenseofanger.B.Hehasasenseofsadness.C.Ithelpedhimgrowup.D.Itleftnoeffectonhim.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestion11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothe11.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?concernovertheforthcomingpeacetalAB.PeaceeffortsbythePalestinianAuthoC.RecommendationsbytheMitchellD.BombattacAsaimedatIsraelicivilians.Question12isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.12.SomevoterswillwastetheirballotsbecauseA.theyliAeneithercandidateB.theyareallill-informedC.thecandidatesdonotdiffermuchD.theydonotwanttovotetwiceQuestions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthequestions.Nowlistentothen ews.13.AccordingtotheUNHumanDevelopmentReport,whichisthebestplacefo rwomenintheA.Canada.B.TheUS.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.14.____isinthe12thplaceinoverallranAA.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland15.AccordingtotheUNreport,theleastdevelopedcountryisA.EthiopiaB.MaliC.SierraLeonD.CentralAfricanRepublicSECTIONDNOTE-TAAINGANDGAP-FILLING Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY. Whilelistening,taAenotesontheimportantpoints.FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.MaAesureth ewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyMaslow’s HierarchyofNeeds AbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanb earrangedinorderofPhysiologicalneeds:themost(1)____onesforsurvival.Theyincludesuchneed sasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewaytosatisfytheseneeds.(2)____needs:needsfor〖ZA(〗a)physicalsecurity;b)(3)____security.〖ZA)〗Theformermeansnoillnessorinjury,whilethelatterisconcernedwithfreedo mfrom(4)____,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemetthroughavarietyofm eans,e.g.jobsecurity,(5)____plans,andsafeworAingconditions. Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfor〖ZA(〗a)loveandaffection;b)asenseofbelonging.〖ZA)〗Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsatworAplace;〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsoutsideworAplace.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Esteemneeds:〖ZA(〗a)self-esteem,i.e.one’s senseofachievement;b)〖ZA(〗esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultof one’s(6)____.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Thereneedscanbefulfilledbyachievement,promotion,honours,Self-realizationneeds:needtorealize one’s potential.Waystorealizethesen eedsareindividuallyFeaturesofthehierarchyofneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareeGclusively(8)____nees.〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(#〗NesdsaresatisfiedinafiGedorderfromthebottomup.c)(9)____forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metd)Differentlevelsofneedsmay(10)____whentheycomesintoplay.〖ZA)〗[(10)____〖DZ〗〗ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min) ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaGimumofO NEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepas sageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Foraworngword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthebla nAprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,marAthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signand writethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheliForanunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”and putthewordintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheline.EGWhen∧artmuseumwantsaneweGhibit, itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs[JY](2)[themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsan[ZZ(Z]eGhibition[ZZ)],itmustoftenbuildit.[JY](3)[ZZ(Z]eGhibit[ZZ)]〖FA)〗〖CSD〗〖CSG〗DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremor eeagerthanovertoestablishfamilies.TheyquicAlybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethan[JY](1)____ahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom”.[JY](2)____Thereyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbut[JY](temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthethroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandata[JY](4)____youngeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themanandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreduced[JY](7)____thedivorcerateafterapostwarpeaA;theirmarriagesremainedtoagreatereGtentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintainedits dubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld, thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameeGtentin[JY](10)____Europe.ContrarytofearsoftheeGperts,theroleofandhomemaAerwasnotPartⅢReadingComprehension(40min) SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmult iple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarAyouranswersonyour COLOREDANSWERSHEET.TEGTA HostilitytoGypsieshaseGistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wer eshroudedinmystery.WhatisAnownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoft heirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEas tathousandyearsago,worAingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metalsmithsan dservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies. Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmad ethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefac eofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivis tsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.B utonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquicAly,withthechurchseeing heresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviourinthei rnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctiv ebrightclothes,tospeaAtheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,or toplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery—i t wasn’t untilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.Inmorer ecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshal famillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheel sremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenha vebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptionton on-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadisti nctethnicgroup,andtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestim ated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,maAingthemthecontinent’s largestminority.TheeGactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshavereg ularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanGioustodownplaytheirprofile andbyGypsiesthemselves,seeAingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtore medypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.Hundredsofthousands morehaveemigratedtotheAmericansandelsewhere.WithveryfeweGceptio nsGypsieshaveeGpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unli AetheJews,towhomtheGypsyeGperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan ,”s aidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“is wheremytwofeet stand.”16.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey____.A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceeGternalthreats17.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallth efollowingEGCEPT____.A.theEgyptiansB.theC.thechurchD.theNazis18.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandthe JewsliesintheirconceptsofnguageB.cultureC.identityD.customTeGtBIwasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirsttime,almost50 yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,agrandbricAstructureat125thStreetandSeventhAvenus.Once,inthehotelrestaurant,myfatherpointedoutJoe Louis.HeevengotMr.Brown,thehotelmanager,tointroducemetohim,abitp aunchybutstillthechampasfarasIwasconcerned.Muchhaschangedsincethen.Businessandrealestatearebooming.Somesay anewrenaissanceisunderway.Othersdecrywhattheyseeasoutsideforcesru nningroughshodovertheoldHarlem.NewYorAmeantHarlemtome,andasayoungmanIvisiteditwheneverIcould. Butmanyofmyoldhauntsaregone.TheTheresashutdownin1966.Nationalch ainsthatonceignoredHarlemnowanticipateyuppiemoneyandwantpieceso fthisprimeManhattanrealestate.SohereIamonahotAugustafternoon,sittin ginaStarbucAsthattwoyearsagoopenedablocAawayfromtheTheresa,snat chingatmemoriesbetweensipsofhigh-pricedcoffee.Iamabouttoopenupap ieceoftheoldHarlem—theNewYorAAmsterdamNews—whenatouristasAi ngdirectionsto Sylvia’s,aprominentHarlemrestaurant,penetratesmydayd reaming.He’s carryingabooA:HistoricHistory.ImissMr.MichauG’s booAstore,hisHouseofCommonSense,which wasacrossfromtheTheresa.Hehadabigbillboardoutfrontwithbrownandbla cAfacespaintedonitthatsaidinlarge letters:“World HistoryBooAOutleton2 0XX000000AfricansandNonwhitePeoples.”An uglystateofficebuildingha sswallowedthatspace.ImissspeaAerliAeCarlosCooAs,whowasalwaysonthesouthwestcornerof12 5thandSeventh,urginglistenerstosupportAfrica.Harlem’s powerfulpolitic alelectricityseemsunplugged—althoughthestreetsarestillenergized,espe ciallybyWestAfricanimmigrants.HardworAingsouthernnewcomersformedthebulAofthecommunitybacAi nthe1920sand’30s,whenHarlemrenaissanceartists,writers,andintellectu alsgaveitaglitterandrenownthatmadeitthecapitalofblacAAmerica.FromH arlem,W.E.B.Dubois,LangstonHughes,PaulRobeson,ZoraHurston,andoth ershelpedpower America’s culturalinfluencearoundtheworld.Bythe1970sand’80s drugsandcrimehadravagedpartsofthecommunity.A ndthelifeeGpectancyformeninHarlemwaslessthanthatofmeninBanglades h.Harlemhadbecomeasymbolofthedangersofinner-citylife.Now,youwanttoshout“Loo A in’good!”at thisplacethathasbeenneglect edforsolong.CrowdspushintoHarlemUSA,anewshoppingcentreon125th, whereaDisneystoresharesspacewithHMVRecords,theNewYorASportsClu b,andanine-screenMagicJohnsontheatrecompleG.Nearb,aRiteAiddrugst orealsoopened.MaybepartofthereasonHarlemseemstobeundergoingare birthisthatitisfinallygettingwhatmostpeopletaAeforgranted.Harlemisalsopartofan“empowermentzone”—afederaldesignationaime datfosteringeconomicgrowththatwillbringoverhalfabillioninfederal,state, andlocaldollars.Justtheshellsofonceelegantoldbrownstonesnowcancosts everalhundredthousanddollars.RentsaresAyrocAeting.Animprovedecono my,tougherlawenforcement,andcommunityeffortsagainstdrugshavecont ributedtoa60percentdropincrimesince1993.19.AtthebeginningtheauthorseemstoindicatethatHarlemA.hasremainedunchangedalltheseB.hasundergonedrasticC.hasbecomethecapitalofBlacAD.hasremainedasymbolofdangersofinner-citylife20.WhentheauthorrecallsHarlemintheolddays,hehasafeelingofA.indifferenceB.discomfortC.delightD.nostalgia21.HarlemwascalledthecapitalofBlacAAmericainthe1920sand’30s mainl ybecauseofits____.A.artandcultureB.immigrantC.politicalenthusiasmD.distinctivearchitecture22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat,generallyspeaAing,theauthorA.hasstrongreservationsaboutthechangesB.hasslightreservationsaboutthechangesC.welcomesthechangesinHarlemD.iscompletelyopposedtothechangesTEGTCTheseniorpartner,OliverLambert,studiedtheresumeforthehundredthtime andagainfoundnothinghedisliAedaboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnoton paper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooAs.Andhewashungry;wit hhisbacAground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwasmandatory.Thefir mhadneverhiredanunmarriedlawyer,anditfrownedheavilyondivorce,aswe llaswomanizinganddrinAing.Drugtestingwasinthecontract.Hehadadegre einaccounting,passedtheCPAeGamthefirsttimehetooAitandwantedtobea taGlawyer,whichofcoursewasarequirementwithataGfirm.Hewaswhite,and thefirmhadneverhiredablacA.Theymanagedthisbybeingsecretiveandclub bishandneversolicitingjobapplications.Otherfirmssolicited,andhiredblac As.Thisfirmrecruited,andremainedlilywhite.Plus,thefirmwasinMemphis,andthetopblacAswantedNewYorAorWashingtonorChicago.McDeerewasam ale,andtherewerenowomeninthefirm.ThatmistaAehadbeenmadeinthemi d-seventieswhentheyrecruitedthenumberonegradfromHarvard,whohap penedtobeasheandawizardattaGation.Shelastedfourturbulentyearsandw asAilledinacarwrecA.HelooAedgood,onpaper.Hewastheirtopchoice.Infact,forthisyeartherewer enootherprospects.Thelistwasveryshort.ItwasMcDeere,orno Themanagingpartner,RoyceMcAnight,studiedadossierlabeled“MitchellY.McDeere—Harvard.”An inchthicAwithsmallprintandafewphotographs; ithadbeenpreparedbysomeeGCIAagentsinaprivateintelligenceoutfitinBet hesda.Theywereclientsofthefirmandeachyeardidtheinvestigatingfornofe e.ItwaseasyworA,theysaid,checAingoutunsuspectinglawstudents.Theylea rned,forinstance,thathepreferredtoleavetheNortheast,thathewasholding threejoboffers,twoinNewYorAandoneinChicago,andthatthehighestoffer was$76000andthelowestwas$68000.Hewasindemand.Hehadbeengivent heopportunitytocheatonasecuritieseGamduringhissecondyear.Hedecline d,andmadethehighestgradeintheclass.Twomonthsagohehadbeenoffered cocaineatalawschoolparty.Hesaidnoandleftwheneveryonebegansnorting .HedranAanoccasionalbeer,butdrinAingwaseGpensiveandhehadnomone y.Heowedcloseto$23000instudentloans.Hewashungry.RoyceMcAnightflippedthroughthedossierandsmiled.McDeerewastheirm an.LamarQuinwasthirty-twoandnotyetapartner.Hehadbeenbroughtalongtol ooAyoungandactyoungandprojectayouthfulimageforBendini,Lambert&LocAe,whichinfactwasayoungfirm,sincemostofthepartnersretiredintheirlat efortiesorearlyfiftieswithmoneytoburn.HewouldmaAepartnerinthisfirm. WithasiG-figureincomeguaranteedfortherestofhislife,Lamarcouldenjoyth etwelve-hundred-dollartailoredsuitsthathungsocomfortablyfromhistall,a thleticframe.Hestrollednonchalantlyacrossthethousandsuiteandpouredanothercupofdecaf.HechecAedhiswatch.Heglancedatthe twopartnerssittingatthesmallconferencetablenearthemarlooAedatthepar tners,whoslidtheresumeanddossierintoanopenbriefcase.Allthreereached marbuttonedhistopbuttonandopenedthedoor.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe firm’s recruitmentrequirement?A.Marriage.B.BacAground.C.Relevantdegree.D.Male.24.ThedetailsoftheprivateinvestigationshowthatthefirmA.wasinterestedinhisfamilybacAB.intendedtochecAouthisotherjoboffersC.wantedtoAnowsomethingabouthisD.wasinterestedinanypersonaldetailoftheman25.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonLamaQuinwasthereattheinterv iewwasthatA.hisimagecouldhelpimpressMcDeereB.hewouldsoonbecomeapartnerC.hewasgoodatinterviewingD.hisbacAgroundwassimilarto McDeere’s26.WegettheimpressionfromthepassagethatinjobrecruitmentthefirmwasNOTA.selectiveB.secretiveC.perfunctoryD.raciallybiasedTEGTDHarryTrumandidn’t thinAhissuccessorhadtherighttrainingtobepresident .“Poor IAe—it won’t beabitliAethe Army,”he said.“He’ll sittherealldays aying‘do this,do that,’and nothingwill happen.”Truman waswrongabou tIAe.DwightEisenhowerhadledafractiousalliance—you didn’t tellWinston Churchillwhattodo—inamassive,chaoticwar.Hewasusedtopolitics.ButTru man’s insightcouldwellbeappliedtoanother,evenmoreveneratedWashin gtonfigure:theCEO-turnedcabinetsecretary.A20-yearbullmarAethasconvincedusallthatCEOsaregeniuses,sowatchwit hastonishmentthetroublesofDonaldRumsfeldandPaul O’Neill.Herearetw ohighlyregardedbusinessmen,obviouslyintelligentandwell-informed,fou nderingintheirjobs.Actually,weshou ldn’t besurprised.Rumsfeldand O’Neillarenotdoingbad lydespitehavingbeensuccessfulCEOsbutbecauseofit.Therecordofseniorb usinessmeningovernmentisoneofalmostunrelieveddisappointment.Infac t,withtheeGceptionofRobertRubin,itisdifficulttothinAofaCEOwhohadasuc cessfulcareeringovernment.Whyisthis?Well,firsttheCEOhastorecognizethatheisnolongertheCEO.Heis atbestanadvisertotheCEO,thepresident.Buteventhepresidentisnotreallyth eCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructure d.PowerinWashingtonisdiffuseandhorizontallyspreadout.Thesecretarymi ghtthinA he’s inchargeofhisagency.Butthechairmanofthecongressionalcommitteefundingthatagencyfeelsthesame.Inhisfamousstudy“Presidenti alPowerandtheModern Presidents,”Richard NeustadteGplainshowlittlep owerthepresidentactuallyhasandconcludesthattheonlylastingpresidentia lpoweris“the powerto persuade.”TaAe Rumseld’s attempttotransformthecold-warmilitaryintoonegearedf orthefuture.It’s innovativebutdeeplythreateningtoalmosteveryoneinWa shington.TheDefensesecretarydidnottrytosellittotheJointChiefsofStaff,C ongress,thebudgetofficeoftheWhiteHouse.Asaresult,theideaiscollapsing.Second,whatpoweryouhave,youmustusecarefully.ForeGample,O’Neill’spositionasTreasurysecretaryisonewithlittleformalauthority.UnliAeFinanc eministersaroundtheworld,Treasurydoesnotcontrolthebudget.Butithassy mbolicpower.ThesecretaryisseenasthechiefeconomicspoAesmanforthea dministrationand,ifheplaysitright,thechiefeconomicadviserforthepreside nt.O’Neillhasbeenpubliclycriticalofthe IMF’s bailoutpacAagesfordevelopi ngcountrieswhileatthesametimeapprovingsuchpacAagesforTurAey,Arge ntinaandBrazil.Asaresult,hehasgottentheworstofbothworlds.Thebailouts continue,buttheireffectinholsteringinvestorconfidenceislimitedbecauset hemarAetsarerattledbyhissAepticism.Perhapsthegovernment doesn’t dobailoutswell.Butthatleadstoathirdrule :you can’t justquit.JacA Welch’s famouslawforre-engineeringGeneralEle ctricwastobefirstorsecondinanygivenproductcategory,orelsegetoutoftha tbusiness.Butifthegovernment isn’t doingaparticularjobatpeaAlevel,itdoesn’t alwayshavetheoptionofrelievingitselfofthatfunction.ThePentagon probablywastesalotofmoney.Butit can’t getoutofthenational-securitybu siness.TheAeytoformerTreasurysecretary Rubin’s successmayhavebeenthathef ullyunderstoodthatbusinessandgovernmentare,inhiswords,“necessarily andproperlyvery different.”In arecentspeechheeGplained,“Business func tionsaroundonepredominateorganizingprinciple,ernme nt,ontheotherhand,dealswithavastnumberofequallylegitimateandoftenp otentiallycompetingobjectives—foreGample,energyproductionversusen vironmentalprotection,orsafetyregulationsversusproductivity.”Rubin’s eGampleshowsthattalentedpeoplecandowellingovernmentifthe yarewillingtotreatitasitsownseparate,seriousendeavour.Buthavingbeenb athedinacultureofadorationandflattery,it’s difficultforaCEOtobelievehen eedstolistenandlearn,particularlyfromthosedespisedandpoorlypaidspeci mens,politicians,bureaucratsandthemedia.AndevenifheAnowsitintellectu ally,hejust can’t livewithit.27.ForaCEOtobesuccessfulingovernment,hehastoA.regardthepresidentastheB.taAeabsolutecontrolofhisC.eGercisemorepowerthanthecongressionalcommitteeD.becomeacquaintedwithitspowerstructure28.Incommentingon O’Neill’s recordasTreasurySecretary,thepassagese emstoindicatethatA.O’NeillhasfailedtousehispowerB.O’NeillpolicieswerewellreceivedC.O’NeillhasbeenconsistentinhisD.O’NeilluncertainaboutthepacAage he’s approved29.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencesbetweengovernmentandbusin esslieinthefollowingareasEGCEPTA.natureofactivityB.optinofwithdrawalC.legitimacyofactivityD.powerdistribution30.TheauthorseemstosuggestthatCEO-turnedgovernmentofficialsA.areabletofitintotheirnewB.areunliAelytoadapttotheirnewC.canrespondtonewsituationsintelligentlyD.mayfeeluncertainintheirnewposts SECTIONBSAIMMINGANDSCANNING(10Inthissectiontherearesevenpassageswithtenmultiple-choicequestions.SA imorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarAyouranswersonCOLOREDANSWE RSHEET.TEGTEFirstreadthequestion.31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith____intheA.travelingB.bigcitiesC.cybercafesD.inventionsNowgothroughTEGTEquicAlytoanswerquestion31.Planningtoansweryoure-mailwhileonholidayinNewYorA?Thatmaynotbee asy.TheInternetmayhavebeeninventedintheUnitedStates,butAmericaison eoftheleastliAelyplaceswhereatravellermightfindanInternetcafe.“EverymajorcityintheworldhasmorecybercafesthanNewYorA,”says JoieAelly,wh .Thenumbersseemtobearherout:accordingtov ariousdirectories,Londonhasmorethan30,Paris19,Istanbul17,butNewYor Ahasonly8.OtherU.S.citiesfarejustaspoorly:LosAngeleshasabout11,Chica gohas4.“Hereit’s quitehardworAtofindacafe.Iwass urprised,”says Mich aelRobson,asportswriterfromYorA,England,whowasvisiblyrelievedtobech ecAinghise-mailatCyberCafenearNewYorA’s TimesSquare.WhythelacAofplacestoplugin?AmericansenjoyoneofthehighestratesofInt ernetaccessfromworAandhomeintheworld,and they’ve neverreallytaAen tocafes.About80percentof CyberCafe’s clients,forinstance,aretouristsfro moverseas.GreeAtycoonSteliosHajiIoannoualsothinAshighpricesdriveaw stNovemberheoppenedabranchofhisInternet-cafechaineasyEv erythinginTimesSquare.With800terminals,it’s thelargestNetcafeinthewo rld.WhilethetypicalAmericancafecharges$8to$12anhour,easyEverythingc harges$1to4.MarAetingmanagerStephaineEngelsensayshalfthe cafe’s cu stomersarelocals.“We getpolicemen,firemen,nurseswho don’t worAatd esAswithcomputers,actorsbetween auditions.”easyEverything isnowplan ningtoopennewlocationsinHarlem,andpossiblySoHo.Unlessthere’s som eculturalshiftafoot,however,NewYorAwillcontinuetolagbehindmetropolis esfromMeGicoCitytoMoscow.TEGTFFirstreadthequestion.32.InthepassagebelowtheauthorprimarilyattemptstoA.criticizeyogisintheWestB.definewhatyoagC.teachyogaposturesD.eGperimentwithyoga NowgothroughTEGTFquicAlytoanswerquestion32.Mostoftheso-calledyogisintheWestseemtofocusonfigurecorrection,nottr ueawareness.TheymaAestatementsaboutyogabeingforthebody,mindand soul.Butthisisjustsemantics.Asanas(postures),whichgetsuchhugeplayinth eWest,arethesmallestaspectofyoga.Eitheryoupracticeyogaasawholeoryo u don’t.Ifoneispracticingjustforhealth,bettertotaAeupwalAing.Needtocu readisease?Seeadoctor.Yogaisnotaboutfancyasanasorbreathcontrol.Nori sitatherapyoraphilosophy.Yogaisaboutinsideawareness.Itistheprocessof unionoftheselfwiththewhole.YogaisbecomingtheBuddha. YogisareeGperimentalists.IntheWest,scientistsresearchmainlyeGternalph enomena.Yogisfocusontheinside.TheyAnowthattheeGternalworldismaya (illusionary)andeverythinginsideissathya(truth).Inmayaeverythinggoes,b utifyouAnowyourselfnothinggoes.TheWesttendstopracticeonlywhatwec allculturalasanasthatfocusontheeGternal.We don’t practiceasanasjustto becomefit.Indianyogishavediscovered8.4millionsuchpostures.Itisessentia ltotrainourbodiestofindthemostcomfortableposethatwecansitinforhours. Beyondthatthereisnoroleforphysicalyoga. Basicallyyogaismadeupoftwoparts:(eGternalyoga)and(internalyoga).TheWestpracticesonlytheformer.Itneedstoenterint o yoga.AfterthatbeginsthetriptotheunAnownwherethemast ermaAesthestudentgraduallyawareateverystage,whereyouAnowthatyou arenotthebodyorthemindandnoteventhesoul.Thatiswhenyougetthefirstt asteof A orenlightenment.Itisthesenseoftheopeningofthesilence,thesensewhereyouloseyourselfandarehappydoingit,whereforthefirstti meyouregohasmergedwiththesuperconsciousness.Youfeelyounolongere Gist,foryouhavewalAedintothevalleyofdeath.AndifyoustartwalAingmorea ndmoreinthisvalley,youbecomefreer.TEGTGFirstreadthequestion.33.The reviewer’s commentsonHenryA issinger’s newbooAarebasically_A.negativeB.noncommittalC.unfoundedD.positiveNowgothroughTEGTGquicAlytoanswerquestion33.WhateveryouthinAofHenryAissinger,youhavetoadmit:themanhasstaying power.WithanewbooA—AmericaNeedaForeign—onthes helves,AissingerisonceagainhelpingtoshapeAmericanthinAingonforeignr elations.ThisisthesiGthdecadeinwhichthatstatementcanbesaidtobetrue.A issinger’s newbooAisterrific.PlainlyintendedasaneGtendedtutorialonp olicyforthenewAmericanAdministration,itisfullofgoodsenseandstuddedw ithoccasionalinsightsthatwillhavereadersnoddingtheirheadsinsilentagree ment.AparticularlygoodchapteronAsiarebuAesanyonewhounthinAinglya ssignsChinatheroleonceplayedbytheSovietUnionasthenaturalantagonist oftheU.S.A issinger’s booAcanalsobereadinanother,andmoreilluminating,light.Itis, inessence,aneGtendedmeditationontheendofaparticularwayoflooAingat theworld:onewheretheprincipalactorsininternationalrelationsarenation-states,pursuingtheirconceptionoftheirownnationalinterest,andinwhichthe basicruleofforeignpolicyisthatonenationdoesnotinterveneintheinternalaf fairsofanother.Studentsofinternationalrelationscallthisthe“Westphaliansystem,”after t he1648PeaceofWestphaliathatended Europe’s ThirtyYearsWar,atimeofin describablecarnagewagedinthenameofcompetingreligions.Thetreatiesth atendedthewarputdomesticarrangements—liAereligion—offlimitstooth erstates.Inthe war’s aftermatharough-rand-readycommitmenttoabalanc eofpoweramongneighbourstooAshape.Aissingerisanotedshcoolofthebal anceofpower.Andheissuspiciousofattemptstomeddleintheinternalbusine ssofothers.YetAissingerisfartoosophisticatedtoattempttorecreateaworldthatis lost.“Tod ay,”hewrites,“te Westphalianorderisinsystematic crisis.”In particular ,nation-statesarenolongerthesoledriversoftheinternationalsystem.Insom ecases,groupsofstates—liAetheEuropeanUnionorMercosur—havedevelo pedtheirownidentitiesandagendas.Economicglobalizationhasbothblurre dtheboundariesbetweennationsandgivenasubstantialinternationalroleto thosegiantcompaniesforwhomsuchboundariesmaAelittlesense.Intoday ’s world,individualscanbeasinfluentialasnations;futurehistoriansmaycon siderthesupportforpublichealthoftheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationtob emorenoteworthythanlastweeA’s UnitedNationsconferenceonAIDS.And alargenumberofinstitutionsarepremisedontheassumptionthatinterventio nintheinternalaffairsofothersisoftendesirable.Werethatnotthecase,Slobo danMilosevicwouldnothavebeensurrenderedlastweeAtothejurisdictionofthewarcrimestribunalintheHague. Theconsequencesofthesechangesareprofound.Aissingerisrighttonotetha tglobalizationhasunderminedtheroleofthenation-statelessinthecaseofth eU.S.(Why?Because it’s morepowerfulthananyoneelse.)Elsewhere,theold waysofthinAingaboutthe“nationalinterest”—thatguidinglightoftheWe stphaliansystem—havefeweradherentsthantheyoncedid.TEGTHFirstreadthequestion.34.InthepassagetheauthoreGpresseshisconcernaboutA.thesurvivalofsmalllanguagesB.globalizationinthepost-ColdWareraC.present-daytechnologicalprogressD.ecologicalimblance NowgothroughTEGTHquicAlytoanswerquestion34.Duringthepastcentury,duetoavarietyoffactors,morethan1000oftheworld ’s languageshavedisappeared,anditispossibletoforeseeatime,perhaps10 0yearsfromnow,whenabouthalfof today’s6000languageswilleitherbede adordying.ThisstartlingrateoflinguisticeGtinctionispossiblebecause96percentofthe world’s languagesarenowspoAenonlyby4percentofthe world’s populati on.Globalizationinthepost-ColdWarerahaswitnessedthecomingoftheinform ationage,whichhasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicco-oper ationbutwhichhas,atthesametime,helpedfacilitatetheassimilationofsmall。

2003年英语专业八级试题答案及详细解说答案与详解PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1．答案：B【问句译文】根据该谈话内容，关于办公室的下列哪一种说法是不正确的？【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。

【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“Let‟s first take a l ook of the offices，the physical surroundings of most modern companies，especially offices are becoming more and more similar．”可知“全球的办公室基本上是一样的”故可排除选项A；根据听到的“this is the feature that．．．，may be dependent on the size of the company”和“．．．modem companies pay special attention to the physical surrounding，in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency．”可知，办公环境设置与公司规模有一定联系并影响着工作人员的办公效率，可排除选项C和D。

只有选项B不合题意，故为正确答案。

2．答案：A【问句译文】由谈话可以推知，和谐的工作关系对你的什么产生直接的影响？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“．．．particularly as the management‟s assessment of how are you performing can be crucial to your future career．”可知，工作表现会直接影响到未来的事业，故选项A promotion(提升，晋级)为正确答案。

2003年英语专八人文知识真题31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth century, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products [D] electronics32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992.[A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream".[A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr[C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, bothin theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37. Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by his experiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39. Which of the following words can correct two clauses in a coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005年英语专八人文知识真题31. is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year [D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore. [D] Philadelphia.34. is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Brontë[C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by .[A] John Searle [B] John Austin [C] Noam Chomsky [D] M.A.K. Halliday参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31. The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32. The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition [D] the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill [D] Ernest Hemingway37. is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines [D] the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Brontë?[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40. The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案 CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31. The largest city in Canada is .A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Caterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31. The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?[A] Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] Thomas Paine. [D] John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney. [D] Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] Percy B. Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy [C] D.H. Lawrence [D] James Joyce38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom 32、B Edinburgh. 33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37、C D.H. Lawrence. 38、D psycholinguistics. 39、C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B. the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal答案A：Quebec33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth答案C：Robert Browning36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme答案A：Allegory38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introduction答案A：language acquisition39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym答案C：blendingnguage is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function答案B： informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. ScotlandTIP：选D。

今日话题：辅音如何分类1. 发音部位（places of articulation）：双唇音(bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental)、齿间音(dental)等；2.发音方法(manners of articulation)：、爆破音(stop)、摩擦音(fricatives)、破擦音(affricates)、鼻音(nasal)、边音(lateral)等；3.声带状态：清辅音、浊辅音。

因此更正第七期第十道10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing选择A而不是C1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both _b___A America and MexicoB America and CanadaC America and CubaD America and Brazil2. European settlement of Australia began in the late part of _c___ when a British penal colony wa s established on the east coast of the continent.A the 16th centuryB the 17th centuryC the 18th centuryD the 19th century3. Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorab le pastime”? aA baseballB basketballC rugbyD cricket4. The largest city in New Zealand is b____A AucklandB WellingtonC ChristchurchD Dunedin5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems a rediscussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized.A George EliotB Jane AustinC George DickensD Charlotte Bronte6.All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____A Ode to AutumnB Ode to a NightingaleC Ode to a SkylarkD Ode on Melancholy7. Of____’s four famous comedies, the best known is Lady W indermere’s Fan.A Oscar WildeB Richard SheridanC Bernard ShawD Somerset Maugham8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) __c__A voiced consonantB voiceless consonantC vowelD explosive9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ____A I.P.AB I.A.P.SC I.S.SD S.S.I.P10. With the __d__, Latin words were added into the vocabulary of the language spoken in Britain.A invasion of the RomansB Christianization of BritainC Scandinavian invasionD Norman Conquest答案BCAAA CACAB9. 国际音标（international phonetic alphabet）是目前世界上比较通行的音标，简称IPA，最初制定于1889年美国人口构成1. The population of the United States is a bit more than 272 million, about 13% of which are Blac k, 12 % are Hispanic(讲西班牙语的人)，4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.2. It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.3. The most populous states are California, Texas, New York, Florida and Illinois.4. More than 80% of Americans live in urban areas.巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位；按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？1. Christmas is usually connected to ____A the reunion of a large familyB the eating of Easter eggsC the resurrection of ChristD the forgiving of other’s sins2. The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____A the blacksB the Mexico-AmericansC the Spanish-AmericansD the Chinese3. The British establish ____colonies along the east coast of North American between 16.7 and 1733.A. 11 B 12 C13 D144. The largest university in Canada is ____A Laval UniversityB The University of TorontoC McGill UniversityD Simon Fraser University5. Robinson Crusoe is written by ____A Henry FieldingB Daniel DefoeC Samuel RichardsonD Jonathan Swift6. ____is written by Walt Whitman.A Representative MenB English TraitsC NatureD Leaves of Grass7. ____is not a novelist.A Henry JamesB Emily DickinsonC William Dean HowellsD Mark Twain8. ____is not one of the core branches of linguistics.A PhonologyB Psycho-linguisticsC SyntaxD Semantics9. ____ is the common factor of the three sounds:[p], [t], [k]A voicelessB spreadC voicedD nasal10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing按面积计算，美国继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后位居第四。

专八人文知识测试题16套含答案.docTest 11.In Britain, where does the Changing of the Guard take place?a)Buckingham Palace.b)Downing Street.c)Victoria and Albert Museum.d)The Tower of London.2.What is a double-decker?a) A bus.b) A chocolate bar.c) A taxi. d) A two-storey building.3.Of all the symbols, ________, which are considered to representfertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter.a)the pumpkin and the turkeyb)the lamb and the beefc)the spring peas and the potatoesd)the egg and the rabbit4.The first landing by Europeans in Australia was in 1606, butwhat is their nationality?a) Dutch. b) French.c) Spanish. d) British.5.Middle English was used by the poet _______.a) Hardy b) Chaucerc) Shakespeare d) Milton6.“A Tale of Two Cities” w as written by ______.a) William Shakespeare b) Goeffrey Chaucerc) Charles Dickens d) Thomas Jefferson7.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on variousaspects oflife. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?a) Religion and immortality. b) Life and Death.c) Love and marriage. d) War and peace.8.What three components, generally, make up a system of atypical language?a)Phonology, syntax, semantics.b)Semiosis, syntax, frames.c)Frames, semantics, utterances.d)Sign, sign, signs.9.Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is themost productive.a) clipping b) blendingc) initialism d) derivation10.“The pen is mightier than the sword.” is an example of ______.a) metonymy b) transferred epithetc) oxymoron d) metaphorc) dialect d) narrativeTest 21.What is the affectionate name given to the clock tower of theHouses of Parliament, Westminster?a) Big Ben. b) Big Ken.c) Big Bill. d) Big Bob.2.Which of these sports did not originate in UK?a) Cricket. b) Snooker.c) Football (Soccer). d) Golf.3.Which town has been nicknamed ‘Tinseltown’ by theAmericans?a) New Orleans. b) Reno.c) Hollywood. d) Las Vegas.4.What is the other official language in Canada besides Englishand what is Canada’s capital?a) French. Ottawa. b) Spanish, Ottawa.c) Spanish, Toronto. d) French, Toronto.5.Which English poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion fromthe Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost?a) John Donne. b) John Milton.c) Sir Philip Sidney. d) Edmund Spenser.6._______ died of tuberculosis at the age of 26, but not beforeleaving an impressive body of poems, including “T o Autumn”and “Ode on Melancholy”.a) John Keats b) Lord Byronc) Samuel Taylor Coleridge d) Percy Bysshe Shelley7.Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. Hisinnovation first of all lies in his use of ______, poetry without afixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.a) Blank verse b) Heroic coupletc) Free verse d) Iambic pentameter8.Of the following words, ______ is an initialism.a) VOA b) NATOc) BASIC d) UNESCO9.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?a) Dorm. b) Motel.c) Gent. d) Zoo.10.A regional variety of a language that has variations inpronunciation, vocabulary or meaning is called _______.a) accent b) slangc) Morphology. d) Semantics.Test 31.The Channel Tunnel, linking the UK to the rest of Europe, runsbetween England and ______.a) France b) Germanyc) Belgium d) Netherlands2.What’s the name of the day set apa rt in USA for planting trees?a) Earth Day.b) Ann Arbor Day.c) Arbor Day. d) Green Day.3.What was the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to NewEngland in 1620?a) Golden Hinde. b) Sunflower.c) Mayflower. d) Titanic.4.What are the official colours of Australia?a) Red, White and Blue. b) Green and Gold.c) Green and Brown. d) Green and Red.5._______ is the first important governess novel in the Englishliterary history.a) Jane Eyre b) Emmac) Wuthering Heights d) Middlemarch6._______ was a pre-Romantic writer and is best known for hisScottish songs.a) Sir Walter Scott b) Robert Burnsc) Samuel Taylor Coleridge d) William Blake7.Mark Twain did NOT write _______.a)The Prince and the Pauperb)The Old Curiosity Shopc)Pudd’nhead W ilsond)Tom Sawyer8.Which of the following is NOT a dialect of English?a) Slang. b) Buffalo.c) American. d) Southern.9.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they ______.a)are complex wordsb)are technical wordsc)refer to the commonest things in lifed)denote the most important concepts10.W hat is defined as “the study of sentence structure”?a) Syntax.b) Phonology.c) “railroad”d) “taxi”Test 41.What colour is the British classified business telephone directory?a) Yellow. b) White.c) Blue. d) Pink.2.What does IMF stand for?a)International Monetary Foundation.b)International Monetary Fund.c)Internal Money Foundation.d)Internal Monetary Fund.3.What do Americans celebrate on 4th July?a) Thanksgiving Day. b) The Revolution.c) The Discovery of America. d) Independence Day.4.What is Canada’s national animal?a) Beaver. b) Moose.c) Bear. d) Husky.5.Which play by Shakespeare is not a tragedy?a) Titus Andronicus. b) Pericles, Prince of Tyre.c) Coriolanus. d) Timon of Athens.6.What is the book Lord of the Flies about?a) A road trip around the USA.b) A swarm of killer flies.c)Schoolboys on a desert island.d)An expert pilot.7.Nathaniel Hawthorne did NOT write _______.a) The Scarlet Letter b) Twice T old Talesc) The Blithedale Romance d) Vanity Fair8.Morphology is _______.a)how a word’s meaning evolves over timeb)the way a language builds words by putting small,meaningful units togetherc)how a word’s spelling evolves over timed)in what order words are put in a sentence9.Which of the following words can be described as containing anaffricate?a) Pill. b) Huffle.c) Hammer. d) Budged.10.The word ______ is usually NOT used by British people.a) “tube”b) “pub”Test 51.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queenon the recommendation of ______.a) the Speaker b) the Lord Chancellorc) the Duke of Edinburgh d) the Prime Minister2.Who was the first person to walk on the moon?a) John Glenn. b) Clint Eastwood.c) Neil Armstrong. d) Yuri Gagarin.3.How many states are there in the US?a) 49. b) 50. c) 51.d) 52.4.What is the title of Canada’s national anthem?a) True Patriot Love. b) God Save the Queen.c) Canada My Country. d) O Canada.5.Who wrote “Where ignora nce is bliss, it is folly to be wise”?a) Browning. b) Marx.c) Shakespeare. d) Kipling.6._______ is the author of “To a Skylark”.a) Mary Lamb b) John Keatsc) Percy Bysshe Shelley d) Lord Byron7.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always beenregarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.a) Walden b) The pioneersc) Nature d) Song of Myself8.What is etymology?a)The history of a word.b)The various ways in which a word can be pronounced.c)The study of unwritten languages.d)The study of dead languages.9.________ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used asseparate words.a) Roots. b) Stems.c) Affixes.d) Compounds.10.W hat is the dominant accent in the United States?a) Midwest. b) General American.c) Southern. d) Canadian.Test 61.The vegetable, leek, is the emblem for which part of the UK?a) Wales. b) Northern Ireland.c) Scotland. d) England.2.John Lennon is a member of the band of ______ in the 1960s.a) The Beatles b) The Policec) The Rolling Stones d) The Eagles3.What is the title of the United States of America’s nationalanthem?a) America the Beautiful. b) We Are The Champions.c) God Bless America. d) The Star Spangled Banner.4.How many territories are there in Canada?a) 4.b) 2. c) 3. d) 1.5.In Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift describes the island ofthe Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. What kind of animals are the Houyhnhnms?a) Monkeys. b) Fish.c) Dogs. d) Horses.6.In which cent ury were Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Taleswritten?a) Fourteenth. b) fifteenth.c) Sixteenth. d) Seventeenth.7.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literaryscene, _______ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.a) sentimentalism b) romanticismc) realism d) naturalism8.To which of these language groups does English belong?a) Romance.b) Germanic.c) Slavonic. d) Baltic.9.“Present” and “absent” form a pair of _______.a) conversives b) gradable antonymsc) complementary antonyms d) marked antonyms10.T he morpheme is the smallest syntactical unit. How manymorphemes does the word “antidisestablishmentarianism” have?a) 1. b) 5. c) 7.d) 6.Test 71.What is the name of the famous stadium in the north of London?a) Wembley. b) Westminster.c) Wimbledon. d) Webster.2.What would you do with a “toad-in-the-hole”?a) Let it out. b) Sing it.c) Eat it. d) Play it.3.Martin Luther King Jr., a young black clergyman, became anational leader of the _______ Movement.a) Boycott b) Civil Rightsc) Segregation d) Integration4.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in _______.a) New Brunswick b) Ontarioc) Quebec d) Nova Scotia5.Sir Thom as More coined the word “Utopia”. What does theword mean in Greek?a) Nowhere land. b) God’s blessings.c) Kingdom in the sky. d) Free from all sorrow.6.Where did Aldous Huxley get the title for Brave New World,which presents a chilling vision of a supposedly ideal society?a)The Bible’s Book of Psalms.b)Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”.c)Homer’s “Odyssey”.d)Christopher Columbus’ journals.7.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their________.a) indestructible spirit b) pessimistic view of lifec) war experiences d) masculinity8.Which of the following does affect the register that we speakin?a) Conversational partner. b) Context.c) Social status. d) Gender.9.What is the smallest segment of sound that comprises the basicbuilding blocks of a language?a) Morphemes.b) Teramemes.c) Metamemes. d) Phonemes.10.T he ambiguity in “Pass the port” is caused by _______.a) lexical items b) a grammatical structurec) homonymy d) polysemyTest 81.Which of these is the patron saint of Wales?a) St. Patrick. b) St. David.c) St. Andrew. d) St. George.2.Where is the official residence of the British prime Minister?a) Constitution Hill. b) Downing Street.c) Whitehall Place. d) The Strand.3.Which American president freed the slaves?a) Thomas Jefferson. b) George Washington.c) Abraham Lincoln. d) Bill Clinton.4.Who said: “We hold these trut hs to be self-evident that all menare created equal”?a) Bill Clinton. b) George Washington.c) Richard Nixon. d) Thomas Jefferson.5.W ho was the author of the famous storybook Alice’s Adventuresin Wonderland?a) Rudyard Kipling. b) John Keatsc) Lewis Carroll. d) H.G. Wells.6.Sonnets from the ______ is regarded as Elizabeth BarrettBrowing’s best work.a) Spanish b) Portuguesec) French d) Italian7.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influenceover _______.a) Ezra Pound b) Ralph Waldo Emersonc) Robert Frost d) Emily Dickinson8.The dictionary of a language can be called ________.a) pragmatics b) semanticsc) lexicon d) grammar9.Which of the following is NOT associated with “Parentese”(how an adult talks to a child)?a) Yes or no questions. b) High pitch.c) Long sentences. d) Exaggerated intonation.10.T he group of words _______ make up a semantic field.a)“father, teacher, son, brother”b)“red, white, rose, milk”c)“sorrow, grief, anguish, regret”d)“socks, slippers, shoes, glass”Test 91.Which famous writer was born in Stratford-upon-Avon?a) Geoffrey Chaucer. b) Agatha Christie.c) William Shakespeare. d) Thomas Hardy.2.In which year was the independence from England declared?a) 1679. b) 1876. c) 1776. d) 1779.3.Which of these U.S.A. states has been frequently called “thearmpit of the Nation”?a) New Jersey. b) Washington.c) Maine. d) Montana.4.Which of the following is Canada’s national symbol?a) Sunflower. b) Maple leaf.c) Golden wattle. d) Rose.5.How many lines does a sonnet have?a) 10. b) 12. c) 14. d) They vary.6.________ is considered to be the best-known English dramatistsince Shakespeare, and his representative works are playsinspired by social criticism.a) Richard Sheridan b) Oliver Goldsmithc) Oscar Wilde d) Bernard Shaw7._______ is the title of the 1818 novel by Mary WollstonecraftShelley.a) Spiderman b) Draculac) Frankenstein d) The Mummy8.The four major modes of semantic changes are _______.a)Extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationb)Extension, generalization, elevation and degradationc)Extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationd)Extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation9._______ deals with the distinctive sounds that are combined tomake words.a) Lexicon b) Morphologyc) Phonology d) Semantics10.“Vacuum-clean” resulting from “vacuum-cleaner” is an exampleof ______.a) clipping b) reduplicationc) compounding d) back-formationTest 101.The Hundred Years’ War in the history was between Englandand _______.a) France b) Norwayc) Denmark d) Germany2.Which of the following countries was once called a big empire“on which the sun never sets”?a) America. b) Norway.c) Spain. d) Britain.3. A Parliament in Britain has a maximum duration of ________years.a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 54.Which of the following is NOT a tragedy by Shakespeare?a) Romeo and Juliet. b) Hamlet.c) King Lear. d) The Taming of the Shrew.5.Who is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the Englishlanguage?a) Shakespeare. b) Hemingway.c) Chaucer. d) Mark Twain.6.Which of the following is a chronicle play by Shakespeare?a)Julius Caesar.b)The twelfth Night.c) A Midsummer Night’s Dream.d)As You Like it.7.______ is a branch of linguistics concerned with the sounds ofspeech, the way the sounds of particular languages change over time and the way the sounds of one language relate to those of another.a) Phonology b) Morphologyc) Syntax d) Semantics8.______ is the branch of linguistics which studies meaning inlanguage.a) Phonology b) Morphologyc) Syntax d) Semantics9.“Alive” and “dead” are _______ ant onyms.a) relational b) gradablec) symmetric d) complementary10._______ is the study of the production, transmission, andreception of speech sounds. a) Phonology b) Morphology c) Syntax d) PhoneticsTest 111.Which university is the oldest one in Britain?a) Oxford. b) Cambridge.c) Edinburgh. d) Glasgow.2.The Reuters is a famous news agency in _______.a) France b) Germanyc) America d) Britain3.The most typically English of sports is ________.a) soccer b) cricketc) horse racing d) golf4.“The Red badge of Courage” was written by _______.a) Jack London b) Stephen Cranec) Hamilin Garland d) S. Anderson5.Fitzgerald’s first novel was ________.a)The Beautiful and Damnedb)This Side of Paradisec)The Great Gatsbyd)Tender Is Night6.The theme of The Waste Land is _______.a) love b) spiritual quest for salvationc) death d) nature7.Wallace Stevens was a successful ________.a) poet b) essayistc) novelist d) critic8.Chinese is a(n) ________.a) isolating language b) agglutinativec) fusional d) incorporating9.______ validity refers to the extent to which the best adequatelycovers the syllabus area to be tested.a) content b) Constructc) Emprical d) Face10.S en tence (a) “He married a blonde heiress.” _______ sentence(b) “He married a blonde.”a) presupposes b) implicatesc) entails d) negatesTest 121.The singing group the Beatles was formed in _________.a) the early 1960s b) the early 1970sc) the late 1960s d) the late 1970s2.The most popular sport in England is _______.a) soccer b) cricketc) rugby d) golf3._______ is the base where America originated.a) the Midwest b) the Southc) the Great Plains d) New England4.Napoleon sold the ______ Territory to the United States foronly 15 million dollars.a) Colorado b) Louisianac) New Mexico d) T exas5.________ introduced the technique of the stream ofconsciousness in his writing.a) Shakespeare b) James Joycec) Thomas Hardy d) William Faulkner6.Adgar Allan Poe was a _______.a) novelist and critic b) poet and criticc) novelist and poet d) playwright and novelist7.________ was called “inventor of detective stories”.a) Washington Irving b) Fennimore Cooperc) Adgar Allan Poe d) Nathaniel Hawthorne8._______ are of the complementary type of antonyms.a) Sell-buy b) Long-shortc) Good-bad d) Single-married9.Which is created by cutting the initial part of a word?a) Van. b) Prof.c) Bike. d) Telly.10.T he word “holiday” origina lly meant holy day, but now theword signifies any day on which we do not have to work. This is an example of ________.a) meaning shift b) widening of meaningc) narrowing of meaning d) loss of meaningTest 131._______ was the president of the United States during the GreatDepression.a) Thomas Jefferson b) John F. Kennedyc) Franklin Roosevelt d) Truman2.______ was involved in the Watergate Scandal.a) Nixon b) Rooseveltc) Truman d) Ford3.The Presidency Election is held every _______ years inAmerica.a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 64.The Master’s colleges and universities in America offer_______ degrees.a) BA b) Master’sc) BA and Master’s d) doctoral5.“Scarlet Letter” is one of the greatest American novels. It iswritten by _______.a) Nathaniel Hawthorne b) Wallace Stevenc) Francis d) Willa Cather6.________ was the first to explore fully the possibility of freeverse in American history of literature.a) Ralph Waldo b) Stephen Cranec) Walt Whitman d) Robert Frost7.Mark Twain was well-known as a _______.a) critic b) humoristc) poet d) playwright8.Which is NOT a blending word?a) baby-sit. b) transistor.c) motel. d) smog.9.The thematic role which deliberately performs the actiondescribed by the verb is _______.a) instrument b) sourcec) agent d) theme10.W hich of the following languages does NOT belong to theGermanic branch of the Indo-European family?a) Italian. b) English.c) German. d) Dutch.Test 141.Which of the following American higher education institutiondoes NOT offer BA degree?a)Junior Colleges.b)Research universities.c)Doctoral universities.d)Master’s colleges and universities.2.Yale and Harvard Universities are funded by the followingEXCEPT ________.a)the tuition fees paid by the studentsb)the donations by corporations and religious organizationsc)individuals’ donationsd)the governments at all levels3.The unique contribution to architecture by Americans was the________ in the late 19th century.a) skyscraper b) expresswayc) bridges d) tall towers4.Theodore Dreiser was the representative of the _______.a) transcendentalists b) modernistsc) naturalists d) existentialists5.“The Waste Land” was written by ________.a) Thomas Stearns Eliot b) Walt Whitmanc) Emily Dickinson d) Robert Frost6.Which of the following American writers did NOT win a NobelPrize for Literature?a) Ernest Hemingway. b) T. S. Eliot.c) John Steinbeck. d) Richard Wright.7.The word “_______” does NOT have the semantic propertyof“cause”.a) darken b) killc) uglify d) touch8.______ is/are NOT included in Pragmatics.a) Speech acts b) Presuppositionsc) Dexis d) Pronunciation9.________ is defined as the study of language in use andlinguistic communication.a) Pragmatics b) Sociolinguisticsc) Neuroliguistics d) Contextual linguistics10._______ carry semantic content. a) Grammatical words b) Form words c) Lexical words d) FunctionsTest 151.Elvis Presley was the representative of _______ in Americanhistory.a) country music b) discoc) jazz d) rock’n’roll2.Thanksgiving Day is on the _______ Thursday in November.a) 1st b) 2nd c) 3rd d) 4th3.The National Day of the American people is on ________.a) June 4 b) July 4c) June 14 d) July 144.“invisible Man” probes the existential status of a ______.a) Jewish b) Negroc) White d) Hispanic5.Which of the following is a woman writer?a) Ralph Ellison. b) Saul Bellow.c) James Baldwin. d) Willa Cather.6.“Long Day’s Journey Into Night” was written by _______.a) Sherwood Anderson b) William Faulknerc) Eugene O’Neil d) Bernard Shaw7.Which of the following was NOT written by ErnestHemingway?a)The Sun Also Rises.b)For Whom the Bell Tolls.c)Tender is the Night.d) A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.8.Which of the following words are minimal pairs?a) beg, bag. b) my, fly.c) cat, slight. d) it, intelligent.9.“Man” and “men” ar e _______ allomorphs.a) replacive b) suppletivec) zero d) positional10.________ includes the study of linguistic variation, linguisticchange, and sociocultural factors that influence language use.a) Pragmatics b) Sociolinguisticsc) Neurolinguistics d) Contextual linguisticsTest 161.The longest city in Canada is ________.a) Toronto b) Montrealc) Vancouver d) Quebec City2.English is the language most commonly spoken throughoutCanada EXCEPT _______.a) Toronto b) Montrealc) Vancouver d) Quebec3.Today in Canada, services in almost all modern institutionswork in _______.a) English b) English and Frenchc) English and Spanish d) English and Dutch4.Fitzgerald usually dealt with the double theme of _______.a) hatred and love b) hatred and warc) love and money d) money and death5.The Sound and the Fury was written by _______.a) Sinclair Lewis b) Theodore Dreiserc) F. Scott d) William Faulkner6.Main Street is a masterpiece of _______.a) transcendentalism b) naturalismc) modernism d) provincialism7.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” is a _______ poem.a) dramatic b) meditativec) satirical d) philosophical8._______ deals with the analysis and creation of words, idioms,and collocations.a) Morphology b) Lexiconc) Morphophonology d) Morphophonemics9.Which of the following is NOT a fricative?a) /f/. b) /v/. c) /s/. d) /tr/.10.A n artificial language used for trade between speakers ofdifferent languages is called a ________.a) pidgin b) lingua francac) creole s) slangKey AnswersTest 11.a2.a3.d5.b6.c7.d8.a9.d 10.a Test 21.a2.b3.c4.a5.b6.a7.c8.a9.b 10.c Test 31.a2.c3.c4.b5.a6.b7.b8.a9.c 10.a Test 41.a2.b3.d4.a5.b6.c8.b9.d 10.c Test 51.d2.c3.b4.d5.c6.c7.a8.a9.c 10.b Test 61.a2.a3.d4.c5.d6.a7.c8.b9.c 10.d Test 71.a2.c3.b4.c5.a6.b7.a8.d9.d 10.d Test 82.b3.c4.d5.c6.b7.a8.c9.c 10.c Test 91.c2.c3.a4.b5.c6.d7.c8.a9.c 10.d Test 101.a2.d3.d4.d5.a6.a7.a8.d9.d 10.d Test 111.a2.d3.b5.b6.b7.a8.a9.a 10.c Test 121.a2.a3.d4.b5.b6.a7.c8.d9.a 10.b Test 131.c2.a3.c4.c5.a6.c7.a8.a9.c 10.a Test 141.a2.d3.a4.b5.a6.d8.d9.a 10.c Test 151.d2.d3.b4.b5.d6.c7.c8.a9.a 10.b Test 161.a2.d3.b4.c5.d6.b7.b8.b9.d 10.a。

专业八级人文知识真题人文知识是专业八级考试中一个重要的科目，涵盖文学、历史、哲学、艺术等多个领域。

考生需要对这些领域有一定的了解和掌握。

下面将介绍一些人文知识真题，并对其内容进行分析和回答。

真题一：下面哪位作家被誉为“20世纪欧洲小说之父”？答案：詹姆斯·乔伊斯詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce）是一位爱尔兰作家，被誉为“20世纪欧洲小说之父”。

他的代表作品《尤利西斯》以其复杂的写作技巧和文学价值而闻名。

他在小说中采用了流派大杂烩的写作风格，深度描绘了人物内心世界的细微变化，展现了现代主义文学的魅力。

真题二：下列哪位艺术家是文艺复兴时期的代表人物？答案：达·芬奇达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）是文艺复兴时期的代表艺术家之一。

他是一位全能艺术家，涉及绘画、雕塑、建筑、科学等多个领域。

他创作了许多经典的作品，如《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》等。

他的作品在艺术史上具有重要的地位，对后世艺术家产生了深远的影响。

真题三：下面哪位哲学家提出了“存在就是被意识到”的观点？答案：海德格尔海德格尔（Martin Heidegger）是20世纪哲学家中的重要人物，他提出了存在主义哲学的观点。

海德格尔认为，存在就是被意识到，人的存在是通过对自身存在的认识而获得自由和真正的存在。

他主张关注人的存在及其意义，认为人应该通过思考和行动来塑造自己的生活。

真题四：下列哪位作家是19世纪英国文学的代表人物？答案：查尔斯·狄更斯查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）是19世纪英国文学的代表人物之一。

他的作品广泛涵盖了英国社会的方方面面，展现了当时的阶级、贫困和人性的问题。

他具有鲜明的社会批判意识，作品中描绘的形象和情节令人难忘。

以上是几道专业八级人文知识真题及其答案。

通过解答这些题目，我们可以了解到不同领域的重要人物和他们的贡献，进一步扩展我们的人文知识面。

美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west”2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is3 The largest racial group in the whole population of4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved7 In the United States, primary education8 Most college students in the United States are9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界限。

2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最先被初期居住者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

3 .Non-hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。

4 .African Americans，2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 195 MINSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note- taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?[A] He had excellent academic records at school and university.[B] He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.[C] He received professional training in acting.[D] He came from a single-parent family.2. David is inclined to believe in .[A] aliens [B] UFOs [C] the TV character [D] government conspiracies3. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his .[A] professional training [B] personality [C] life experience [D] appearance4. From the interview, we know that at present David feels .[A] a sense of frustration [B] haunted by the unknown things[C] confident b ut moody [D] successful yet unsatisfied5. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?[A] He feels a sense of anger. [B] He has a sense of sadness.[C] It helped him grow up. [D] It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] US concern over the forthcoming peace talks.[B] Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.[C] Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.[D] Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7. Some voters will waste their ballots because .[A] they like neither candidate [B] they are all ill-informed[C] the candidates do not differ much [D] they do not want to vote twiceQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?[A] Canada. [B] The US. [C] Australia. [D] Scandinavia.9. is in the 12th place in overall ranking.[A] Britain [B] France [C] Finland [D] Switzerland10. According to the UN report, the least developed country is .[A] Ethiopia [B] Mali [C] Sierra Leon [D] Central African RepublicIn this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AGout is the aristocrat of diseases. Ancient philosophers and physicians attributed it to high living, and it has often afflicted men of exceptional talent. Michelangelo suffered from gout, as did Galileo, Martin Luther, Samuel Johnson, Darwin, Sitting Bull, Theodore Roosevelt and, more recently, Cyrus Vance. Gout was called opprobrium medicorum — the physicians' shame — because so little could be done to treat it. Victims faced excruciating pain, severe crippling and often death from kidney failure. But modern medicine has turned the demon gout into amicus medicorum — the physicians' friend.The typical gout patient is a middle-aged man. Hobbling into the doctor's office, he complains of a severe throbbing pain in a joint. The disease usually strikes the foot, but it can also afflict the knee, ankle, elbow and hand. The spot is so sore, he says, that a bed sheet resting lightly on it, or even the wisp of a breeze, produces almost unbearable agony.One look at the red and swollen toe, hot and full of fluid, tells the physician that he is probably dealing with gout. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis, the doctor draws a sample of fluid from the inflamed spot. Using a microscope, he searches for thin crystals of uric acid, a natural by-product of metabolism that rises to abnormal levels in gout sufferers.Rheumatologists have learned just how the uric-acid crystals create the painful symptoms of gout. A tiny urate crystal, explains New York University's Dr. Gerald Weissman, lodges in a white blood cell near the joint.Eventually, the cell ruptures and dies, releasing toxic enzymes that cause inflammation and searing pain.Relief: The first stage of treatment is to relieve the acute symptoms. Doctors used to prescribe colchicine, an extract of the autumn crocus whose medicinal value was first discovered by the ancient Greeks. But colchicines has unpleasant side effects, including diarrhea and vomiting. So today, most physicians favor indomethacin, a potent painkiller that also reduces swelling and inflammation. Relief from the pain begins almost immediately.The second phase of treatment is prevention. Gout patients are usually put on a lifelong course of daily medication. Small doses of colchicines are given for up to a year, followed by one of two newer drugs: probenicid, which increases the excretion of uric acid from the body, or allopurinol, which inhibits production of uric acid. With these medications, many patients never experience a second attack.The latest research has punctured some of the popular myths about gout. Examples:—Overeating. For centuries, gout was blamed on rich food, and patients were kept on a strict diet. Gluttony cannot cause the disease, but eating certain foods can bring on an attack. Uric acid is produced by the breakdown of substances called purines, which are concentrated in organ meats, sardines, anchovies, scallops and other delicacies. Happily, with proper drugs, the gout victim need not curb his appetite. Advises Dr. Gerald Rodnan of the University of Pittsburgh: "Be merry and take your medicine."— Drinking. Alcohol does block the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid, but gout patients on medication may imbibe moderately without fear of an attack.—Talent. For mysterious reasons, gout seems to strike the eminent and successful in disproportionate numbers. Studies of soldiers and college students have demonstrated some correlation between high intelligence and high uric-acid levels. "The connection is beyond grandmothers' tales," says Weissman, "but a lot of trivial explanations are possible. Maybe bright people eat more meat or don't urinate as much."11. Today physicians view gout as .[A] a painful and often fatal disease[B] a serious but treatable condition[C] a disease brought on by rich food and too much drink[D] a condition affecting only certain types of people12. A doctor draws a quantity of fluid from a possible gout sufferer to .[A] relieve the swelling [B] check for white blood cells[C] relieve the pain [D] check for uric acid crystals13. To treat the acute symptoms of gout, Colchicine has now fallen out of favour with physicians because it.[A] fails to relieve pain [B] may cause the patient to feel sick[C] fails to relieve inflammation [D] may cause the patient to gain weight14. To prevent further attacks of gout a new drug called allopurinol has been developed which .[A] lessens the body's production of uric acid [B] causes the body to dispose of more uric acid[C] increases the body's production of uric acid [D] causes the body to dispose of less uric acid15. The connection between intelligence and uric acid levels .[A] is an old wives' tale [B] is now known to be a myth[C] has been shown in some studies [D] has been proved beyond all doubtTEXT BHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts andgeography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune- telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery —it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own —unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan", said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when they .[A] are engaged in traditional crafts [B] call themselves Roma[C] live under a clan system [D] face external threats17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT .[A] the Egyptians [B] the state [C] the church [D] the Nazis18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of.[A] language [B] culture [C] identity [D] customTEXT CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could, But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem — the New York Amsterdam News —when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michanx's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples". An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged — although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner- city life.Now, you want to shout "Lookin' good"! at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an "empowerment zone" —a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem .[A] has remained unchanged all these years[B] has undergone drastic changes[C] has become the capital of Black America[D] has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of .[A] indifference [B] discomfort [C] delight [D] nostalgia21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its .[A] art and culture [B] immigrant population[C] political enthusiasm [D] distinctive architecture22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author .[A] has strong reservations about the changes [B] has slight reservations about the changes[C] welcomes the changes in Harlem [D] is completely opposed to the changesTEXT DThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contact. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in acar wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere—Harvard".An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quill was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to burn. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figur e income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand- dollar- a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?[A] Marriage. [B] Background. [C] Relevant degree. [D] Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firm .[A] was interested in his family background[B] intended to check out his other job offers[C] wanted to know something about his preference[D] was interested in any personal detail of the man25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that .[A] his image could help impress McDereer [B] he would soon become a partner himself[C] he was good at interviewing applicants [D] his background was similar to McDereer's26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT .[A] selective [B] secretive [C] perfunctory [D] racially biasedTEXT EHarry Truman didn't think his successor had the right training to be president. "Poor Ike—it won't be a bit like the Army", he said. "He'll sit there all day saying 'do this, do that,' and nothing will happen".Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn't tell Winston Churchill what to do—in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent andwell-informed, foundering in their jobs.Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unre- lieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modem Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade."Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF's bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the marketsare rattled by his skepticism.Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different". In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitabilit y ... Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives— for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity."Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it's difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just can't live with it.27. For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to .[A] regard the president as the CEO[B] take absolute control of his department[C] exercise more power than the congressional committee[D] become acquainted with its power structure28. In commenting on O'Neill's record as Treasury Secretary, the passage seems to indicate that .[A] O'Neill has failed to use his power well[B] O'Neill's policies were well received[C] O'Neill has been consistent in his policies[D] O'Neill is uncertain about the package he's approved29. According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areasEXCEPT .[A] nature of activity [B] option of withdrawal[C] legitimacy of activity [D] power distribution30. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials .[A] are able to fit into their new roles[B] are unlikely to adapt to their new roles[C] can respond to new situations intelligently[D] may feel uncertain in their new postsThere are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth centur y, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms ofcertain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group ofspeakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualismProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

英语专业八级人文知识练习题及答案英语专业八级人文知识练习题及答案1. “Ode to the west wind” was written by the author of ___.A “I wandered lonely as a cloud”B “Kubla Khan”C “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”D “As Defense of Poetry”2. Which of the following poets does not belong to the school of romantic poets?A William WordsworthB Percy Bysshe ShelleyC George Gordon ByronD John Donne3. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ___.A Oliver TwistB David CopperfieldC A Tale of Two CitiesD Heart of Darkness4. “A Red, Red Rose” was written by ___.A Alexandra PopB Robert BurnsC William BlakeD John Keats5. Pip is the character of Charles Dickens’ novel ___.A Oliver TwistB David CopperfieldC A Tale of Two CitiesD Great Expectations6. Sense and Sensibility is a ___ by ___.A play… Jane AustenB novel… Jane AustenC play… Emily BronteD novel… Anne Bronte7. In reading Shakespeare, you must have come across the line “T o be or not to be---that is the question” by___.A Iago in OthelloB Lear in King LearC Shylock in the Merchant of VeniceD Hamlet in Hamlet8. Robert Browning’s “My last Duchess” is composed in the form of a(n) ___.A dramatic monologueB extended metaphorC syllogistic argumentD dialogue9. Thomas Hardy wrote novels of __.A character and environmentB pure romanceC “stream of consciousness”D psychoanalysis10. “Wessex novels” refers to the novels written by ___.A Charles DickensB D.H. LawrenceC James JoyceD Thomas Hardy答案详解：1 选D“I wandered lonely as a cloud” 的作者是William Wordsworth; “Kubla Khan” 的作者是 Samuel Taylor Coleridge;“Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” 的作者是 George Gordon Byron.《西风颂》（Ode to the west wind）是 Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱)的代表作，他的文论着作有《诗辩》（A Defense of Poetry。

日语专八2003年真题答案解析日语专八考试是一个对考生日语听力、阅读、写作和翻译能力进行全面考察的测试。

在2003年的专八试题中，难度较大，要求考生全面掌握日语语法知识和日本文化。

下面将对2003年的试题进行解析。

第一部分：听力（题目不全）听力是日语专八考试的重要一环，考察考生对日语语音、语调和听力理解能力。

听力部分包含了对日常对话、新闻报道和演讲的听力测试。

考生需要仔细聆听，抓住关键信息，理解对话的背景和意思。

解析：对于听力部分，考生应该多进行听力训练，提高听力理解能力。

可以多听日语广播、电视或者进行专业的听力训练，熟悉日语的语音和语调，并且注意抓住对话中的关键信息。

此外，对于不理解的词汇和句子，可以先通过上下文猜测意思，再结合选项进行答题。

第二部分：阅读阅读部分是专八考试的重点之一，要求考生阅读理解能力和日语表达能力。

阅读材料涵盖了日本文化、历史、经济、科技等各个领域的文章。

考生需要快速准确地读懂文章的主旨和细节，理解作者的观点和意图。

解析：在阅读理解部分，考生需要掌握日语的阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和准确性。

读文章时，可以快速浏览文章的开头和结尾，了解文章的主题和结构。

然后再仔细阅读每一段落，找出关键词，理解作者的观点和论证逻辑。

对于生词，可以通过上下文猜测意思，不懂的地方可以标记下来，先读完全文后再回过头来看。

答题时，需根据问题的要求和文章的信息做出正确选择。

第三部分：写作写作是考察考生日语表达能力和逻辑思维的部分。

2003年的写作题目要求考生就两个观点发表意见或提出建议。

解析：在写作部分，考生需要通过日语书写来表达自己的观点和想法。

首先，需要仔细阅读题目要求，理解所给材料的主旨和作者的意图。

然后，根据题目要求，提出自己的观点或建议，并在文章中进行合理的论证与分析。

文章应该包含恰当的事例、数据或个人经验，以支持自己的观点。

写作中要注意语法的准确性和词汇的丰富性，力求语句通顺、流畅。

总结：日语专八考试是一项全面考察考生日语综合能力的考试，要求考生在听力、阅读、写作和翻译方面全面发展。