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计算机历史与发展英语作文英文回答：The History and Evolution of Computers.The history of computers dates back to the early days of human civilization. The first known computing devices were the abacus and the astrolabe, which were used by the ancient Greeks and Chinese for mathematical calculations and astronomy.In the 16th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator by Blaise Pascal marked a significant advancement in computing technology. This device could perform basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.The 19th century saw the development of more advanced computing machines, such as the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. This machine was capable of performing awide range of mathematical operations and is considered to be the first mechanical computer.In the 20th century, the invention of the electronic computer revolutionized the field of computing. The first electronic computer, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1943.The ENIAC was a massive machine that weighed over 30 tons and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. It was capable of performing complex calculations at a speed of 5,000 operations per second.The development of transistors in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to the creation of smaller and more powerful computers. The first transistorized computer, the TX-0, was developed by MIT in 1956.The 1960s and 1970s saw the development of integrated circuits (ICs), which allowed multiple transistors to bepacked onto a single silicon chip. This advancement led to the creation of even smaller and more powerful computers.The 1980s saw the release of the first personal computers (PCs), which brought computing power toindividual users for the first time. The IBM PC, releasedin 1981, was a particularly influential model that popularized the PC concept.The 1990s and early 2000s saw the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet, which connected computers around the world and revolutionized the way people communicated and accessed information.The 21st century has seen the rise of mobile computing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have become ubiquitous, providing users with access to computing power and connectivity on the go.Cloud computing allows users to access and store data and applications over the Internet, rather than on theirown devices. This provides greater flexibility and scalability.AI is a field of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.The development of computers has had a profound impact on society. Computers have revolutionized the way we work, communicate, learn, and access information. They have also played a major role in scientific research, engineering, medicine, and many other fields.As computing technology continues to evolve, it is likely to have an even greater impact on our lives in the years to come.中文回答：计算机的历史与发展。
作业一1.1引言1.__________是现代通用计算机的雏形。
A．中国唐代的算盘B．Charles Babbage于1834年设计的分析机C．Blaise Pascal于1642年发明的加法器 D．Gottfried Leibniz 于1673年发明的计算器作业二1.2 计算机的发展和诞生1、世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC诞生于__________年。
A．1939 B．1946 C．1952 D．19582、计算机科学的奠基人是__________。
A．查尔斯·巴贝奇B．艾兰·图灵 C．莫奇莱和埃克特 D．冯·诺依曼3、物理器件采用晶体管的计算机被称为__________。
A．第一代计算机B．第二代计算机 C．第三代计算机 D．第四代计算机4、计算机最早的应用领域是__________。
A．科学计算 B．数据处理 C．过程控制 D．CAD/CAM/CIMS5、在电子商务中，企业与消费者之间的交易称为__________。
A．B2B B．B2C C．C2C D．C2B作业三1.3 计算思维基础1、在下列关于可计算性的说法中，错误的是________。
A．所有问题都是可计算的。
B．图灵机可以计算的就是可计算的。
C．图灵机与现代计算机在功能上是等价的。
D．一个问题是可计算的是指可以使用计算机在有限步骤内解决。
2、在下列关于计算思维的说法中，正确的是________。
A．计算机的发明导致了计算思维的诞生。
B．计算思维的本质是计算。
C．计算思维是计算机的思维方式。
D．计算思维是人类求解问题的一条途径。
作业四2.1 操作系统概述1、在下列操作系统中，不属于智能手机操作系统的是____________。
A．Android B．Ios C．MS DOS D．Windows Phone2、在下列操作系统中，属于分时系统是____________。
A．UNIX B．MS DOS C．Windows 7 D．Linux3、在下列操作系统中，默认运行在苹果公司Macintosh系列电脑上的操作系统是____________。
计算机基础作业-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN计算机基础作业1.以构成计算机的电子器件来划分，计算机的发展过程中经历了哪几代各有什么特点（10分）答：计算机的发展过程中经历了四代第一代计算机(1946年～1957年) 特征是采用电子管作为主要元器件第二代计算机(1958年～1964年)特征是采用晶体管作为主要器件第三代计算机(1965年～1970年) 特征是中小规模集成电路第四代计算机(1971年至今) 特征是大规模和超大规模集成电路2.请以指令的执行过程来说明计算机的工作原理。
（8分）答：计算机的工作原理：指令：指令是用来规定计算机执行的操作和操作对象所在存储位置的一个二进制位串。
指令的格式 : 一条指令由操作码和地址码两部分组成。
例如二地址指令格式如下：操作码地址码1地址码2操作码：用来指出计算机应执行何种操作的一个二进制代码。
3.具体说明指令的性质或功能，每条指令只有一个操作码。
例如，加法、减法、乘法、除法、取数、存数等各种基本操作均有各自相应的操作码。
地址码:指出该指令所操作（处理）的对象（称为操作数）所在存储单元的地址。
包括着操作数的来源，结果的去向或下一条指令的地址等信息，不同指令中地址码的个数可以不一样。
何为Word2010中的样式和模板在应用上，两者有何异同点。
（10分）答：Word模板是一种特殊文档，它是提供塑造最百终文档外观的基本工具和文本。
在Word中，模板是文档的一种模式，用Word编辑的文档都基于一种文档模板。
如打开一个空白文档是基于模板，让用户可以在其中设置自己的样式、正文和图表等等。
样式是指一组存储于模板或文档中并且有确定名称的段落格式和字符格式。
不同点：一、主体不同。
（1）样式：指用有意义的名称保存的字符格式和百段落格式的集合。
（2）模板：指Microsoft Word中内置的包含固定格式设置和版式设置的模板文件。
二、用处不同。
电脑的发展和历史《电脑的发展与历史：一场奇妙的科技之旅》我呀，对电脑可有着不少的故事呢。
记得小时候，我去邻居叔叔家，第一次见到那台大屁股电脑。
那电脑可笨重了，像个大箱子似的蹲在桌子上。
叔叔坐在电脑前，噼里啪啦地打着字，我就好奇地凑过去问：“叔叔，这是啥呀？咋这么大个儿呢？”叔叔笑着说：“这是电脑，可神奇了，能做很多事呢。
”我瞪大了眼睛，看着那闪着光的屏幕，心里满是疑惑。
其实呀，电脑的发展那可真是一部长长的故事书。
最开始的时候，那些早期的电脑简直就是庞然大物。
听说那些科学家们为了让电脑能计算复杂的数学问题，那是费尽了心思。
就像一群探险家在黑暗中摸索着前进，每一步都充满了未知。
那时候的电脑，只有少数人能接触到，而且操作起来也特别复杂。
后来呢，我上中学了。
学校里有了电脑课。
老师站在讲台上，对着那台电脑说：“同学们，这电脑现在可越来越重要了，大家要好好学。
”我和同学们都围在电脑周围，小心翼翼地摸着鼠标和键盘，就像摸着什么稀世珍宝一样。
有个同学好奇地问老师：“老师，这电脑咋越来越小了呢？”老师哈哈一笑说：“这就是科技的发展呀，就像人长大了会变得越来越聪明一样，电脑也在不断进步。
”电脑的发展速度可真快。
没过多久，电脑就走进了千家万户。
我家也买了一台。
我兴奋地坐在电脑前，捣鼓着各种软件。
我和朋友聊天的时候还说：“你看这电脑，现在都能让我们随时聊天了，以前想都不敢想。
”朋友也激动地说：“是啊，还能在网上看各种电影、电视剧呢。
”那时候，我们就像发现了新大陆一样，整天在电脑的世界里探索。
再看看现在，电脑变得又轻薄又强大。
我有个搞设计的朋友，他拿着他那台超轻薄的笔记本电脑，向我炫耀说：“你看这电脑，我带着它到处跑都不费劲，而且处理那些复杂的设计图可快了。
”我羡慕地说：“这可真好啊，现在的电脑真是方便极了。
”从那些巨大的、只能做简单计算的初代电脑，到现在小巧玲珑却功能强大的电脑，这一路走来，就像是一场奇妙的旅行。
这中间有无数的科学家、工程师们的心血。
The Origin and Evolution of Computers The journey of computers, from their humble beginnings to the sophisticated machines we have today, is a fascinating tale of technological advancement and innovation. Tracing back the origin of computers, we find ourselves in the mid-19th century, when the concept of programmable machines started to take shape. However, it was the late 20th century that witnessed the birth of the modern computer era, which has revolutionized the way we live and work.The earliest precursors of computers were mechanical calculators, designed to perform basic arithmetic operations. These machines, like the abacus and the slide rule, were used for centuries to assist in mathematical computations. However, it was the invention of the first electronic computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), in 1945, that marked a significant milestone in the history of computing.ENIAC was a bulky machine, occupying an entire room and employing thousands of vacuum tubes. Despite its size and limitations, it was capable of performing complexcalculations much faster than any human or previous machine. This groundbreaking invention laid the foundation for the development of more compact and powerful computers in the following decades.The advent of transistors in the late 1940s and the subsequent development of integrated circuits in the 1960s further miniaturized computers, making them more accessible and affordable. This led to the emergence of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s, which revolutionized the computing industry. These machines, initially targeted at hobbyists and enthusiasts, soon became a household item, allowing individuals to access and process information with unprecedented ease.The evolution of computers did not stop there. The advent of the internet in the 1990s opened up a new era of connectivity and information sharing. Computers became not just tools for computation but also gateways to a global network of knowledge and resources. The rise of cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence has further expanded the capabilities of computers, makingthem indispensable in fields like healthcare, education, business, and science.Today, computers have penetrated every aspect of our lives, from the smartphones we carry in our pockets to the supercomputers that drive complex scientific research. They have made it possible for us to communicate instantly, access vast amounts of information, and automate tasks that were once beyond our capabilities.Looking ahead, the future of computing seems asexciting and unpredictable as its past. With the development of quantum computing, neuromorphic computing, and other emerging technologies, we can expect computers to become even more powerful and efficient. They will continue to transform the way we live and work, opening up new possibilities and challenging our imagination.In conclusion, the origin and evolution of computers represent a remarkable journey of technological progress. From their humble beginnings as simple calculating machines to the sophisticated, interconnected systems we have today, computers have revolutionized the world. As we move into the future, the potential of computing remains vast andunexplored, promising new frontiers of discovery and innovation.**电脑的起源与发展**从电脑的雏形到我们今天所拥有的精密机器，其发展是一段引人入胜的技术进步与创新的故事。
笔记本发展历程
1. 轮盘式计算器：在20世纪50年代初，第一台便携式计算器问世，它使用了一种轮盘机制来进行计算。
2. 电子管计算机：到了1950年代末和1960年代初，计算机开始使用电子管代替机械装置进行计算。
这些计算机虽然庞大，但是开创了笔记本电脑的雏形。
3. 集成电路计算机：在20世纪60年代后期，集成电路技术的发展使得计算机变得更加小型化。
多个电子元件被集成到一个芯片上，使得计算机的体积大大减小。
4. 个人电脑：在20世纪70年代和80年代初，个人电脑开始
普及。
这些个人电脑由于体积较大，不便携，但是标志着个人电脑的发展方向。
5. 掌上电脑：20世纪90年代初，掌上电脑开始出现，这些电
脑更加便携，但是功能相对较弱。
6. 笔记本电脑：在20世纪90年代中后期，笔记本电脑开始普及。
它们相对于个人电脑更小巧轻便，但是功能强大。
7. 超级本：随着技术的进步，超级本在21世纪初开始流行起来。
这些电脑更加轻薄，但是性能仍然较强。
8. 二合一电脑：二合一电脑结合了平板电脑和笔记本电脑的功能，在21世纪中期开始流行。
用户可以根据需求将其转换为
平板电脑或笔记本电脑使用。
9. 轻薄本：轻薄本以其更加轻薄的外观和卓越的性能在21世
纪末和21世纪初风靡。
它们更加注重外观设计，重量轻，适
合移动办公。
10. 混合现实电脑：随着技术的发展，混合现实电脑开始兴起。
这些电脑能够将虚拟世界与现实世界进行互动，为用户带来全
新的体验。
注意：文中不能有与标题相同的文字。
电脑的历史英语作文The History of Computers。
The history of computers can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the first mechanical computers were developed. These early computers were large, cumbersome machines that were used primarily for complex calculations and data processing. Over the years, computers have evolved significantly, becoming smaller, faster, and more powerful.The first electronic computer, known as the ENIAC, was developed in the 1940s. This computer was massive, taking up an entire room, and was used primarily for military purposes. It was not until the 1950s and 1960s that computers began to be used for commercial and scientific applications.The invention of the microprocessor in the 1970s revolutionized the computer industry, leading to thedevelopment of personal computers. These early personal computers were still quite large and expensive, but they marked the beginning of a new era in computing.In the 1980s and 1990s, personal computers became more affordable and accessible to the general public. This ledto a boom in the computer industry, with many companies competing to produce faster, more powerful computers. The development of the internet further revolutionized the computer industry, allowing people to connect and communicate in ways that were previously unimaginable.Today, computers are an essential part of everyday life. They are used for everything from communication and entertainment to business and education. The development of smartphones and tablets has further expanded the role of computers in our lives, allowing us to stay connected and productive no matter where we are.Looking to the future, it is clear that computers will continue to play a vital role in our society. As technology continues to advance, computers will become even morepowerful and versatile, opening up new possibilities for how we live, work, and communicate.In conclusion, the history of computers is a story of innovation and progress. From the early mechanical computers to the powerful devices we use today, computers have come a long way. As we look to the future, it is exciting to think about the possibilities that lie ahead for this incredible technology.。
电脑发展过程|电脑发展过程作文素材-作文初中作文高中作文小学作文作文网第一台计算机ENIAC1946年2月15日，世界上第一台通用电子数字计算机埃尼阿克（ENIAC）宣告研制成功。
埃尼阿克的成功，是计算机发展史上的一座纪念碑，是人类在发展计算技术的历程中，到达的一个新的起点。
埃尼阿克计算机的最初设计方案，是由36岁的美国工程师莫奇利于1943年提出的，计算机的主要任务是分析炮弹轨道。
美国军械部拨款支持研制工作，并建立一个专门研究小组，由莫奇利负责。
总工程师由年仅24岁的埃克特担任，组员格尔斯坦是位数学家，另外还有逻辑学家勃克斯。
埃尼阿克共使用了18000个电子管，另加1500个继电器以及其它器件，其总体积约90立方米，重达30吨，占地170平方米，需要用一间30多米长的大房间才能存放，是个地地道道的庞然大物。
这台每小时耗电量为140千瓦时的计算机，运算速度为每秒5000次加法，或者400次乘法，比机械式的继电器计算机快1000倍。
当埃尼阿克公开展出时，一条炮弹的轨道用20秒钟就算出来，比炮弹本身的飞行速度还快。
埃尼阿克的存储器是电子装置，而不是靠转动的鼓。
它能够在一天内完成几千万次乘法，大约相当于一个人用台式计算机操作40年的工作量。
它是按照十进制，而不是按照二进制来操作。
但其中也用少量以二进制方式工作的电子管，因此机器在工作中不得不把十进制转换为二进制，而在数据输入、输出时再变回十进制。
埃尼阿克最初是为了进行弹道计算而设计的专用计算机。
但后来通过改变插入控制板里接线方式来解决各种不同的问题，而成为一台通用机。
它的一种改型机曾用于氢弹的研制。
埃尼阿克程序采用外部插入式，每当进行软件中心一项新的计算时，都要重新连接线路。
有时几分钟或几十分钟的计算，要花几小时或1-2天的时间进行线路连接准备，这是一个致命的弱点。
它的另一个弱点是存储量太小。
1996年2月15日，在埃尼阿克问世50周年之际，美国副总统戈尔在宾夕法尼亚大学举行的隆重纪念仪式上，再次按动了这台已沉睡了40年的庞大电子计算机的启动电钮。
