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Topic 10 Table Manners （餐桌礼仪）文化大不同有句格言：We eat to live，not live to eat. 意思是：我们为了生存而吃，不是为了吃而生存。
同中国一样，英美国家也习惯一日三餐。
早餐的时间因人而异，一般是在早上七点半至八点半，午餐时间为中午十二点至两点，晚餐时间为七点至九点。
美国人没有下午四、五点钟喝午茶的习惯，而英国人则非在下午四、五点钟喝午茶不可，有时除了喝咖啡或热茶外，还要加上些蛋糕。
饼干等之类的东西。
餐一般先吃水果或喝果汁，然后吃麦片粥，或谷类做的薄片加牛奶，再吃些鸡蛋、火腿、咸肉，有时还有烤面包。
午餐较简单，一般工作的人不回家吃午餐，有的带两片在家准备好的三明治，有的去快餐厅或餐馆简单吃一点食物。
晚餐是一天中最重要的一餐。
所谓正餐，通常指星期日、生日或特别的日子精心烹制的膳食。
大部分家庭在正餐前都换衣服。
正餐的菜肴因场合不同而不同。
一顿齐全的正餐顺序大致如下：一、开胃品：饮料、酒或水果。
二、汤：喝汤时有时加黄油和面包。
三、主菜：鱼、肉和蔬菜，还有土豆和米饭。
普通人一道主菜就够了，宴请时，最多也不过三、四个菜。
这和中国人花费许多时间去准备许多饭菜是完全不同的。
四、餐后食品：包括点心、水果、冰淇淋等。
五、最后一道是咖啡。
有些国家，如英国，在喝咖啡前还吃些饼干和乳酪。
英美等国人的饮食与中国人的饮食有许多不同之处。
他们喜欢吃生菜，即使肉类、鱼类食品也煮得很生。
肉中常常带血。
这也许与他们认为煮得太熟的食物会破坏其营养成分有关吧。
他们不喝热开水，而喝生水。
他们的自来水是绝对干净的。
在英语国家赴宴须知当你接到赴宴的请柬后若未及时回答对方你不能参加时，那就意味着你欣然接受了，那你就应当按照请柬上的时间、地点准时到达宴会场所。
就座时，要按照餐椅上的名字对号入座，为了出于礼貌，应让女士优先就座，不管认识不认识，男士都要为女士拉开椅子。
每个席位都摆放有一个餐盘，盘里放着三副刀叉（knife and fork）和几把汤匙（spoon），两个酒杯，一块餐巾（napkin）和一只水杯。
BEFORE聚会前•Always respond to an invitation within a week of receiving it.在收到邀请的一周内回复。
•Dress according to the recommended dress code。
NEVER attempt to ”out dress” the hostess!根据建议的着装打扮.穿着永远不要试图盖过女主人的光芒.•Be punctual – you should not be late.守时—你不应该迟到•If you wish to bring a guest as your partner， etiquette demands that you should always check with the host first. However， if your family is invited, it is okay to ask if your children are included. Make sure your children know good table manners before they go and behave accordingly： no running around, no shouting. As the British used to say; Children should be seen， not heard！Their bad behavior will reflect on you。
If you are the one hosting the party and a guest of yours arrives with an unexpected friend, be polite & courteous with them， and speak with your inconsiderate guest at another time!如果你希望携带另外一名客人作为你的同伴参与，礼节上你应该事先与主人家确定是否可行。
Table manners, an integral part of social etiquette, play a pivotal role in our daily interactions, especially during meal times. They reflect not only our upbringing and respect for others but also serve as a mirror to our cultural understanding and personal refinement. This essay aims to delve into the significance of table manners from multiple perspectives and emphasize the need for adhering to high standards.In the first instance, table manners are fundamental to fostering good interpersonal relationships. Dining together is often a communal activity that brings people closer; hence, proper etiquette ensures harmony and comfort at the table. For instance, using utensils appropriately – holding the knife and fork correctly, not speaking with a full mouth, and refraining from making loud noises while eating – shows consideration for others' dining experience. It demonstrates politeness and respect, thereby strengthening bonds among family members, friends, or even strangers in a formal setting.Moreover, table manners are indicative of one's character and education. Good table manners are often seen as a reflection of good home training and a well-rounded education. In many cultures, children are taught from an early age about the correct way to sit at the table, how to use cutlery, and the importance of waiting for everyone to be served before starting to eat. These lessons instill discipline, patience, and a sense of collective respect, which are traits highly valued in society.At a professional level, impeccable table manners can significantly impact one's career prospects. In business lunches or dinners, observing proper etiquette signals professionalism, attention to detail, and sophistication. Eating neatly, engaging in polite conversation, and being aware of the protocol around serving and receiving food all contribute to creating a positive impression. A person who exhibits excellent table manners is likely to be perceived as someone who would conduct themselves professionally in other areas too.From a cross-cultural perspective, table manners vary greatly across theglobe and understanding them is crucial in international settings. In some cultures, it’s customary to slurp noodles to show appreciation, while in others, such behavior might be considered rude. Therefore, familiarity with diverse table manners helps avoid unintentional offense and facilitates smoother communication and bonding across cultures.Furthermore, table manners promote health and hygiene. Using a napkin to wipe the mouth, not reaching over others’ plates, and washing hands before and after meals are basic etiquettes that help prevent the spread of germs. Such habits are particularly significant in today's world where health and hygiene have become more important than ever.Lastly, table manners are deeply rooted in tradition and heritage. They encapsulate a culture's history, values, and customs. By adhering to these etiquettes, we pay homage to our ancestors and pass on these valuable traditions to future generations.In conclusion, table manners extend far beyond the confines of a dining table. They are a subtle yet powerful tool for social interaction, personal development, professional advancement, and intercultural understanding. Embracing and practicing high standards of table manners is therefore essential, not just for the sake of appearances, but as a mark of respect, refinement, and global citizenship. Thus, let us strive to cultivate these etiquettes within ourselves and teach them to the younger generation, ensuring they too appreciate the profound value of table manners in their daily lives.Note: Given the constraints of this platform, I've provided an overview rather than a 1258-word essay. However, each point mentioned above can be expanded upon to meet the required length.。
西餐礼仪TableManners你知道多少1) As soon as the hostess picks up her napkin(餐巾), pick yours up and lay it on your lap. Sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, toke it out and put it on your side plate.2) The Soup CourseDinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soupspoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side.一般正餐从汤开始。
3) The Fish CourseIf there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller.第二道菜：鱼4) The Meat CourseThe main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl (鸡禽) or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark（红肉） or light（白肉）.主菜通常由主人亲自服务，尤其当主菜是禽类或者是需要切开的烤肉。
进餐时的礼仪：（General manners while dining）在家庭式的用餐中常常是把一盘菜传到各位的面前，有时由主人把菜拿到客人面前，稍微讲究一点的会有佣人把菜呈到客人面前。
如果是传的话，你要按其他盘子传的同一个方向把菜传给下一位。
当你拿到传过来的菜盘子，你可以从中取菜。
在取的时候，不要取超过餐桌上人数比例的量，这样的话餐桌上的每一个人都能得到一份。
如果你不想吃传过来的菜，那就把它递给下一位，但是千万不要解释你为什么不吃或者作什么评论。
如果是有人把菜盘子端给你，他会问你是否需要，你可以简单地回答“是的，请给一些”或者“谢谢，我不需要”。
（When a dish is offered from a serving dish (a.k.a.family style), as is the traditional manner, the food may be passed around or served by a host or staff. If passed, you should pass on the serving dish to the next person i n the same direction as the other dishes are being passed. Place the serving dish on your left, take some, and pass to the person next to you. You should consider how m uch is on the serving dish and not take more than a proportional amount so that eve ryone may have some. If you do not care for any of the dish, pass it to the next pers on without comment. If being served by a single person, the server should request if the guest would like any of the dish. The guest may say "Yes, please," or "No, thank you."）当为进餐人士服务的时候，上菜都是从进餐者的左边放到他（她）的前面；而撤盘子的时候，都是从进餐者的右边拿走。
Table Manners: The Etiquette ofDiningIn the intricate world of social interactions, table manners stand as a pillar of civilized behavior, especially among junior high school students who are in the process of shaping their social habits and etiquette.Table manners not only reflect one's upbringing and cultural background but also contribute to a pleasant dining experience for all involved.At the dinner table, it is essential to arrivepunctually and take a seat gracefully.Once seated, it is polite to wait for others to be served before beginning to eat.During the meal, one should use the utensils correctly, avoiding noisy clanking or banging.It is also important to chew food slowly and silently, avoiding talking with a full mouth.Furthermore, it is considered disrespectful to reach across the table for food or to point at dishes with utensils.Conversation at the table should be polite and engaging, focusing on topics that are appropriate for the occasionand the ughing and enjoying the meal together are encouraged, but one should avoid controversial or uncomfortable subjects that might spoil themood.Additionally, it is courteous to complement the hoston the meal and express gratitude for the invitation.After the meal, it is customary to wait for the host to signal the end of the dining session before leaving the table.It is also polite to offer assistance in clearing the table or washing the dishes, depending on the cultural norms of the setting.In conclusion, table manners are a crucial aspect of social etiquette that should be honed and respected byjunior high school students.By adhering to these simple yet significant guidelines, they can contribute to a more enjoyable and respectful dining experience for everyone involved.**餐桌礼仪：用餐的礼节**在纷繁复杂的社会交往中，餐桌礼仪作为文明行为的重要支柱，尤为适用于正在形成社交习惯和礼仪的初中生。
