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附录二英文原文Intelligent Building1、GeneralAn Intelligent Building is one conceived and designed with an integrated flexible and modular communication cabling infrastructure capable of accommodating the needs of information intensive users for advanced information technology and services.Ever increasing occupation densities as well as the exponential development and quasi universal use of personal computers coupled to market globalization and communication capabilities, over the past 20 years, have rendered the Intelligent Building (IB) concept a priority consideration in the planning of new or upgradedOffice buildings.Evolution towards new social priorities, for the more educated office worker of today, has also led to substantial increases in environmental issue demands and standards. Social studies revealed a direct relationship between user satisfaction in the workplace and productivity. Individual control capability of ambient conditions, at each work station, was identified as a major element leading to user satisfaction.Technological developments and cost attenuations through technological development and product availability have now rendered the Intelligent Building a viable and a justifiable option from a strict cost to benefit aspect.2、OverviewDefinitions for the Intelligent Building concept still vary but the most accepted description is the one produced by the Barcelona-based Institut defons Cerdà:“A building which incorporates information systems that support the flow ofinformation throughout the building, offering advanced services of businessautomation and telecommunications, allowing furthermore automatic control,monitoring management and maintenance of the different subsystems or servicesof the building in an optimum and integrated way, local and/or remote, anddesigned with sufficient flexibility to make possible in a simple andeconomicalway the implementation of future systems.”To the uninitiated, the perception of a building’s degree of intelligence is too often correlated with the sophistication level of its Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) and its Communications system. However, to be effective, it must also encompass its mechanical and electrical systems order to minimize costs and maximize efficiency. There would be little point in developing ideal EMCS and its Communication systems for the occupants if HVAC, Lighting and other systems annot meet and satisfy the needs of the occupants.In a new IB installation we should expect the following features:• High- speed fibre optic communication network trunk for data, video and BAS.• Flexible HVAC system with modular distribution and 100% outdoor aircapability to take advantage of free cooling as well as to allow flushing ofthe building to dilute volatile off-gassing contaminants;• Advanced integrated Energy Management & Control System (EMCS)utilizing direct digital control technology for HVAC, Lighting, Fire Alarm and other building support systems;• Dedicated circuit power distribution network complete withUninterruptable Power Supply units;• Generous standby power generation;• High efficiency filtration, energy recuperation and/or thermal storagefeatures to improve indoor air quality and energy consumptionperformance;• Networked multi-user access incorporating structured passwordprotection;• Maximum transparency and communication capabilities between subsystems;• Electrical design features tailored to Intelligent Building;• Individually controll ed HVAC terminal units allowing occupant controlflexibility through Intelligent Terminals Controllers at each workstation.In retrofit buildings we would expect variations of the above features based on an owning and operating economical analysis taking into account the existing services and the benefits ensuing through their replacement and/or upgrade. Major retrofits, particularly those involving designs dating back 20 years or more, are generally dictated by acombination of the following:• New code req uirements,• Updated indoor air quality standards,• Revised energy efficiency guidelines,• Increased internal electrical requirements associated to the generalized use of PCs.• Revised building use.The average life cycle of most M&E installations is 20 years versus an average building life cycle of 50 years. These retrofits, therefore, often dictate a complete revamping of the existing M&E installations well before the building’s life cycle has expired. This frequently offers an opportunity to upgrade the building’s support systems to IB standards.3、HistoryThe IB concept surfaced in the early 80's and generally advocated extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of building support and communication systems for voice and data. The initial concept promoted communication networks to allow centralized word processing services and limited interaction between individual occupants and the Building Automation Systems through touch tone phones to override local HVAC set points and lighting schedules.Builders and owners were pressured to develop intelligent buildings, in spite of the high premium costs, at that time, for prestige reasons and for enhanced rental potential.The Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as other specialized interest groups soon developed specific products and applications to meet and facilitate the implementation of the Intelligent Building concept. These developments coupled to the burgeoning Personal Computer market development have since reduced cost premiums drastically and greatly improved the ensuing benefits for Intelligent Buildings.The IB concept is now well accepted and applied in Europe, Asia and North America.4、Future trendsThe former Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) foundation advocated, a few years ago, a need to recognize, in future building designs, the transition from national economies to a combination of local and global economies and therefore the need to facilitate each employee’s access to global communication networks. They predicted that information technology access will provide the biggest single impetus for change in the office environment. This prediction has now become a reality.IBI also predicted that environmental issues and particularly Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) were becoming a primary concern in the design of the new office buildings. Improved air filtration and increased air change were pinpointed as major concerns in addition to flexible ambient room condition control.Other studies performed recently reveal that the use of Personal Environment Controllers formerly called Intelligent Terminal Controllers or has measurably increased occupant satisfaction in the workplace on a number of pilot project installations. PECs are a combination of mechanical, electrical and control devices developed for the work station environment control and conceived to provide the occupant with the means to define and interact on temperature set points, air flow volume and diffusion patterns as well as lighting levels affecting productivity and user satisfaction. These studies have associated improved production to the use of Intelligent Terminals Controllers.5、Intelligent Building ModelThe IB model structure has been subdivided into seven systems which may be interfaced to varying degrees. These systems are...·Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system;·Lighting System;·Electrical Power Distribution system;·Vertical Transport System;·Security System;·Life Safety System;·Communications System;The general objective of the Intelligent Building System is to regroup control of thesesubsystems and facilitate interchange between them to the maximum justifiable extent while maintaining maximal initial and future competitive bidding possibilities of each component as well as allowing dependent and timely upgrading of each system as new technologies evolve in its particular field.The IB concept also attempts to combine, wherever possible, the cabling networks for these subsystems in order to minimize costs and facilitate intercommunication or allow future upgrading.Efforts are being deployed between ASHRAE, IEEE, AEE and the computer industry to develop universal communication protocol standards. It is not expected, however, that universal standards will become a reality for another decade. The cabling structure must therefore be conceived to accommodate the foreseeable requirements with minimal disturbance and cost when and if universal standards materialize. The favoured backbone communication cabling technology at this time favors fibre optic technology, because of its high speed communication potential.6、Facilities Managementnumber of facility management programs are available on the market. They vary in complexity as well as in their ability to integrate complex systems such as:·CAD drawing records of floor and office layouts;·Furniture inventory;·Maintenance management programs for M&E equipment·Preventive maintenance of building structures;·Real time data acquisition on equipment run time;·Dynamic energy consumption totals per tenant;·Historical data storage;·Cost control and budgeting capabilities;·Analytical programs.The Intelligent Building’s role in this system is to allow communication between the overall facility management program and specialized management sub-programs such asthe EMCS, the M & E Maintenance Management or the Preventive Maintenance to gather data or convey user complaints.his communication flexibility in IB installations allows the allocation of specific management systems on the basis of areas of specialization, competencies or individual buildings of a complex while maintainingcapabilities for overall centralization of data and control.The IB communication capabilities can also facilitate interchange withaccounting or other Networks to import or export pertinent data whether inhouse or outsourced.7、ConclusionsThe Intelligent Building concept represents a new trend in office building planning and one more step towards the future through added flexibility and adaptation to market and communication globalization. This concept regroups worker and building management needs in a common and manageable communication infrastructure. The basic IB objective is improve worker satisfaction and productivity through enhanced work space environment and communication capabilities.Including the IB concept in the initial planning stages of the modern office building will provide substantial flexibility for the mid and long term life of the building particularly to communication intensive user clients. In most instances it will reduce tenant fit up costs down the road and provide enhanced flexibility and management capabilities while reducing energy consumption.Full implementation of all IB systems may not be necessary in the initial fit-up of a building. It is, however, mandatory to recognize the basic overall concept and implement a full communication cabling back bone structure from the onset in order to accommodate future user needs. The communication back bone must be distributed to strategically located communication rooms (Telco rooms) on each floor as part of the initialdesign.Subsequent floor distribution associated to any new or upgraded IB system could be achieved, via the suspended ceiling space with minimal cutting and patching. Justification for the IB concept must be analyzed independently for each building or fit-up and must take into account all derived benefits including increased productivity, flexibility, improved comfort and worker satisfaction as well as potential future savings over theprojected life cycle of the building. Application of the basic Intelligent Building concept in today’s modern office building should lead to positive Cost to Benefit evaluations when weighed in terms of increased user satisfaction and productivity and improved energy efficiency or flexibility.附录三中文译文智能建筑1、简介智能建筑是要求有一个综合布线和灵活模块化的通信基础设施，通过先进的信息技术和密集的信息服务用户来实现。
Building Smart Cities with ArtificialIntelligenceSmart cities are at the forefront of urban development, utilizing the latest technology to improve the quality of life for residents and optimize city operations. One of the key technologies driving the transformation of cities into smart cities is artificial intelligence (AI). By harnessing the power of AI, cities can enhance efficiency, increase sustainability, and improve overall livability.AI can be integrated into various aspects of a city's infrastructure to make it smarter and more efficient. One of the most common applications of AI in smart cities is in transportation systems. By analyzing traffic patterns, AI algorithms can optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve commute times. Intelligent transportation systems can also help reduce carbon emissions by minimizing fuel consumption and vehicle idling.Furthermore, AI can play a crucial role in energy management within smart cities.By utilizing AI algorithms to analyze energy consumption data, cities can optimize energy usage, reduce waste, and lower overall energy costs. Smart grids powered by AI can also better balance energy supply and demand, leading to a more reliable and sustainable energy infrastructure.In addition to transportation and energy, AI can also be leveraged in urban planning and development. By analyzing demographic data, AI can help city planners make informed decisions about land use, infrastructure development, and public services. This can lead to more efficient allocation of resources, improved service delivery, and enhanced urban design.Another area where AI can make a significant impact in smart cities is public safety and security. By using AI-powered video analytics, cities can enhance surveillance systems, detect anomalies in real-time, and respond to emergencies more effectively. AIcan also be used to predict crime hotspots, allocate resources proactively, and prevent criminal activities before they occur.Overall, building smart cities with artificial intelligence holds immense potential for improving the quality of life for residents, promoting sustainability, and driving economic growth. By leveraging the power of AI in transportation, energy, urban planning, and public safety, cities can become more efficient, resilient, and livable. As technology continues to advance, the possibilities for AI in smart cities are endless, and the benefits are boundless. By embracing innovation and collaboration, cities can build a better future for all.。
What is Business Intelligence?Business Intelligence (BI) aim s at m aki ng better busi ness deci sions through the use of a broad ca tegory of Managem ent Inform ation System s, appli cations and te chnol ogies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to da ta. B I uses tim el y and accurate i nform ation to base decisions upon. Typically, BI activities incl ude deci sion support, query and reporting, onlineanal ytical processing, statistical analysis, forecasti ng, and data m i ning. The term represents those system s that help com panies understand what m ak es the wheels of the corporation turn and to hel p predict the future im pact of current deci si ons. These system s pl ay a k ey rol e i n strategi c planning process of the corporation. System s that ex em pli fy BI include custom er profili ng, m ark et bask et analysis, anti-m oney laundering, anti-fraud, custom er conta ct anal ysis, m ark etsegm entation, credit s coring, product profi tabi li ty, inventory m ovem ent as wel l as certain riskrel ated applications.Business Intelligence software provides better steering inform ation to m anagers, enabling them to m ak e better business decisions, ultim atel y l eadi ng to i ncreased shareholder and stak eholder val ue creation. The system s play a k ey rol e i n strategi c pl anning process of the corporation. System s that ex em plify BI include custom er profil ing, m ark et bask et analysis, anti-m oney laundering, anti-fraud, custom er conta ct anal ysi s, m ark et segm entati on, credit scoring, product profitability, inventory m ovem ent as wel l as certai n risk related appli cations.。
汪林林 教授,硕士生导师,副博导,主要研究领域:数据库与数据挖掘、空间数据库与GIS 、计算机网络、计算金融、电信增值业务、分布式计算;焦慧敏 硕士研究生,研究方向:数据库、数据仓库、系统体系结构设计。
计算机科学2006V ol 133l 110商务智能在现代企业中的应用汪林林1 焦慧敏2(重庆邮电学院软件学院 重庆400065)1 (重庆邮电学院计算机学院 重庆400065)2摘 要 针对目前现代企业信息系统存在的问题,本文引入商务智能架构体系,提出了一种改进的商务智能体系结构,给出了一个完整的商务智能系统建设方案,并对其中的数据仓库的主题分析的选择、ET CL 过程实现以及数据仓库的查询优化进行了研究和实现。
实际应用中的结果表明,提高了企业对现有的信息数据的利用效率,提高了企业决策分析的能力。
关键词 商务智能,数据仓库,数据集市,O L A P,ET CL ,数据挖掘Application of Bussiness Intelligence in Modern EnterpriseW AN G Lin -L in 1 JI AO H u -i M in 2(Computer C ollege,C hongqing U niver sity of Posts and T elecom munications,Chongqing 400065)1(S oftw are College,Chongqing University of Pos ts and Telecommunications ,Ch ong qin g 400065)2Abstract Aiming at the pro blems o f moder n enterpr ise info rmation sy st em,this paper intr oduces business intellig ence architecture,pr oposes o ne kind of impr ovement system str ucture of business intellig ence,puts forw ard a comprehen -siv e metho d o f business intelligence system constr uctio n,r esear ches and r ealizes the essent ial technolog y of the bus-i ness int elligence system:subject analy sis choice,ET CL .s process r ealization and data war eho use query optimizatio n.T he result in the practical application indicates that the using efficiency of the ex isted informat ion data has been height -ened,and the ability o f the enterpr ise decision analy sis has been impr oved.Keywords Business intellig ence,Data w arehouse,D at a mart ,O L A P(Online ana lyt ical pr ocessing ),ET CL (ex tr act,transfor m,cleaning,lo ad),Data mining1 引言随着信息化的发展,现代企业信息化进程得到巨大发展和广泛应用。
外贸商务英语情景口语100主题1. Greeting and Introductions- Hello, I am glad to meet you. My name is [Name] from [Company Name].- Hi, I’m [Name]. I am the sales manager at [Company Name].2. Product Presentation- This is our latest product, which is in high demand in the market.- Our product has unique features that differentiate it from other similar products.3. Negotiating Prices- Can we discuss the pricing for a bulk order?- We are willing to negotiate the price if the order quantity is increased.4. Shipping and Logistics- How soon can the products be shipped to our warehouse?- We need to make sure the products are delivered on time.5. Payment Terms- What are the payment terms for the order?- We prefer to have a flexible payment arrangement.6. Quality Assurance- Can you assure the quality of the products?- We need to make sure the products meet our quality standards.7. Market Analysis- Can you provide us with a market analysis for the product?- We need to understand the target market for the product.8. Trade Shows and Exhibitions- Are you planning to attend any trade shows or exhibitions?- We are interested in participating in trade shows to promote our products.9. Business Contracts- We need to sign a formal contract for the business agreement.- Let’s review the terms and conditions of the contract.10. Cultural Differences- How can we overcome cultural barriers in doing business?- It is important to understand and respect cultural differences in business.11. Business Etiquette- What are the proper business etiquettes in your country?- We want to ensure that we follow the appropriate business protocols.12. Time Management- How do you manage your time effectively in business?- Time management is crucial for business success.13. 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E-commerce and Online Sales- How do you utilize e-commerce for your business?- E-commerce has become an important aspect of business today.20. Import and Export Regulations- What are the import and export regulations in your country?- Understanding the regulations is important for international trade.21. Financial Planning- How do you plan your finances for business growth?- Financial planning is crucial for the success of any business.22. Risk Management- How do you mitigate risks in foreign trade business?- Identifying and managing risks is important for business stability.23. Business Networking- Let’s explore opportunities for business networking.- Building a strong network is important for business expansion.24. Taxation and Compliance- What are the tax requirements for foreign trade?- It is important to comply with tax regulations for international business.25. Data Analysis and Decision Making- How do you analyze data to make informed business decisions?- Data analysis is crucial for effective decision-making.26. Product Development and Innovation- How do you focus on product development and innovation?- Continuous improvement is essential for business growth.27. Market Entry Strategies- What are the strategies for entering new markets?- Market entry requires careful planning and strategic approach.28. International Business Law- How do you ensure compliance with internationalbusiness laws?- Understanding international business laws is important for legal protection.29. Environmental Sustainability- What is your approach to environmental sustainabilityin business?- Environmental sustainability is a growing concern in global business.30. Market Research and Analysis- How do you conduct market research and analysis?- Market research is important for understanding consumer needs.31. Customer Relationship Management- How do you manage your relationships with customers?- Building strong customer relationships is important for business retention.32. Trade Financing- Can you provide information on trade financing options?- Trade financing is important for facilitating international transactions.33. Foreign Exchange and Currency Management- How do you manage foreign exchange and currency fluctuations?- Currency management is important for international transactions.34. Outsourcing and Vendor Management- How do you manage your vendors and outsourcing partners?- Effective vendor management is important for business operations.35. Business Intelligence and Analytics- How do you utilize business intelligence and analytics for your business?- Data-driven decision-making is important for business success.36. 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Export Compliance and Trade Controls- How do you comply with export regulations and trade controls for international trade?- Export compliance is important for business trust and integrity.88. Channel Partnerships and Collaborations- How do you form channel partnerships and collaborations for business growth?- Collaborating with partners is important for business expansion.89. Competitive Pricing and Value Proposition- How do you set competitive pricing and offer value to your customers?- Value proposition is important for customer attraction and retention.90. Import Licensing and Customs Clearance- How do you obtain import licenses and manage customs clearance for your products?- Import licensing and customs clearance are importantfor product importation.91. Crisis Communication and Media Relations- How do you handle crisis communication and manage media relations during crisis situations?- Effective communication during crises is important for business reputation.92. Supply Chain Risk Management and Resilience- How do you manage supply chain risks and build resilience in your operations?- Resilient supply chain management is important for business stability.93. Rules of Origin and Preferential Trade Agreements- How do you comply with rules of origin and utilize preferential trade agreements for your products?- Preferential trade agreements are important forreducing trade barriers.94. Market Testing and Product Launch- How do you test markets and launch products effectively?- Market testing is important for understanding consumer response.95. Overseas Branches and Business Expansion- How do you establish overseas branches and expand your business internationally?- Overseas expansion requires strategic planning and investment.96. International Payment Terms and Currency Hedging- How do you negotiate international payment terms and manage currency hedging for your transactions?- Currency hedging is important for mitigating financial risks.97. 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