高考重点英语语法之allow与permit的运用

分词要点1.have sb do =make sb do : have me do the jobhave sb doing : have me waiting for hourshave sth done: 被动关系have my bike repairedhave trouble/difficulty (in) doing / have a hard time (in) doingwon’t have sb doing: 决不允许I won’t have you cheating2.get sb to do: get the worker to fix the machineget sth doing: get the car goingget sth done: get the car startedget done get caught/ promoted/paid3.make sb do: make me waitmake sb/sth done make oneself understood/ make my view known 4.keep sb/sth doing keep me waitingkeep sb/sth done keep me informed of the newskeep sb/sth from doing keep me from waiting5.leave sb/sth doing leave me thinking/wonderingleave sb/sth done leave the job unfinished6.set sb doing set us laughing7.start sb/sth doing start us thinking8.send sb/sth doing send us wondering9.want sb to do want me to help himwant sth (to be ) done want the job ( to be ) done10 wish sb to do wish you to winwish sth ( to be ) done wish myself told the truth11. catch sb doing 当场抓住某人做…12.remain standing/sitting/ thinking 仍然remain seated/ untouched/ unfinished仍然remain to be solved/ discovered/ found 有待（被动式）13udging from …, 从判断Speaking of/ Talking of /Thinking of….,谈及Considering….,鉴于/考虑到Generally speaking/ 大体而言Frankly speaking坦白而言14with结构，He came in, with a girl standing beside him., with his hands tied., with a gun in his hand., gun in hand（没有a,没有one’s）, with no shoes on., with the door open.(with the door closed/ shut)With a lot of work to do, I stayed at the company.15The accident that happened yesterday was horrible. 正确(不能用happening做定语，ing分词表示正在进行)The accident happened yesterday was horrible.错误,因为有两个谓语There is a car coming.16This is the best film ever made. ( 不用having been made)注意：having done/ having been done/not having done/ not having been done 不能做定语，只能做状语！！！！17I went home, only to see my house broken into. 我到家却发现房子被人闯入过了。

2023年高中英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳10主动表被动的四种类型所谓主动表被动，就是指用主动语态的形式表示被动语态的意义。

适合这类用法的动词主要有以下几类：1. feel类以feel为代表的表示“……起来”的连系动词，如feel, look, sound, smell, taste等，尽管它们从汉语看来具有被动意味，但它们只能用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：The water feels warm. 水摸起来很暖和。

按理说，“水”自己是不能摸的，它应该是被人摸才对，所以上面这句话的实际意义是“这水被我们摸起来很暖和”之类的意思。

但是，由于feel作为连系动词它是不及物的，根本没法用于被动语态，所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。

同样地，“菜”自己是不能闻的，它应该是被人闻才对，所以上面这句话的实际意义是“这道被我们闻起来很香”之类的意思。

但是，由于smell作为连系动词它是不及物的，根本没法用于被动语态，所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

为什么动词不及物就没法用于被动语态呢？因为由主动语态变为被动语态时，我们要将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语，如果主动句的谓语是不及物动词，那么它就没有宾语，这样一样，变成被动语态就会没有主语，所以不及物动词没法用于被动语态。

2. open类以open为代表的一类动词，如open, close, shut, lock, move 等，它们既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词；当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，此时通常与can’t, won’t 等连用。

如：It can’t move. 它动不了。

The windows wouldn’t open. 窗子打不开了。

注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。

如：The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The door won’t be shut. 这门将不用关上。

allow与permit的用法区别的用法区别
1. 两者均可表示“允许”，其区别是permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。

如：Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。

The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。

2. 从用法上看. 两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能用不定式。

如：We don’t allow [permit] swimming in the pool. 我们不许在池子里游泳。

但是若其后接有名词或代词，那么其后须接不定式。

如：We don’t allow [permit] children to swim in the pool. 我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。

注意这类结构的被动式之后可用不定式(此时的不定式不是宾语，而是主语补语)。

如：正：We do not allow [permit] people to smoke here.正：People are not allowed [permitted] to smoke here.误：People are not allowed [permitted] smoking here.
Allow/permit doing sth
Allow/permit sb to do sth
Sb be allowed/permitted to do sth。

非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。

注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。

under the age of four and ____ less than40 pounds用作children的定语。

动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。

②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。

这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。

答案B。

（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

语法填空之非谓语动词作状语和补语1．分析逻辑关系(1)作状语：①表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；②表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词/过去分词；③表自然而然的结果用现在分词。

(2)作补语：根据具体结构用(to) do/doing/done①如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，且表正在进行，用doing。

②如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系，且表完成，用done。

2．牢记5种用法①不定式作宾补：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、persuade、tell等＋sb. to do sth.。

②用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。

“look at/see/watch/notice/observe; make/let/have; hear/listen to; feel”＋sb.＋do sth.。

注意：但在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be_made_to_do。

③have sb./sth.doing “让某人/某物一直做”；have sb./sth.done “让某人/某物被做”。

④主语＋系动词＋形容词(easy、hard、impossible、important等)＋to do⑤too＋adj./adv.＋to do或adj./adv.＋enough＋to do3.固定句型识记不定式作补语：advise sb. to do allow sb. to do ask sb. to dobeg sb. to do cause sb. to do encourage sb. to do expect sb. to do forbid sb. to do force sb. to do help sb. (to) do invite sb. to do inspire sb. to do order sb. to do permit sb. to dopersuade sb. to dorequire sb. to doremind sb.to dotell sb. to dowant sb. to dowarn sb. to dowish sb. to dowait for sb. to docall on sb. to do 号召某人去做rely on sb. to do 指望某人做某事-ing 作补语catch sb. doing 发现、撞见某人做某事find sb. doing 发现某人做某事keep sb./sth. doing 使...处于...状态leave sb./sth doing 使...处于...状态课堂练习1．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2．You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.3．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________ (improve) water quality.4．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________ (stay) and watch. 5．They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6．Nervously ________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．7 ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.8．Ordinary soap，________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 9．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs________ (take)．10.People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.课后练习Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago,and has since put 1to good use,saving dozens of old tree stumps (树桩) from 2 (remove) by turning them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver 3(complete) by accident.Three years ago,after buying himself a new chainsaw(链锯),he 4(start) “playing” with it on a block of wood.He tried carving a human face into the wood,and to his surprise,it turned out pretty good.Today,he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to workhis magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art 5(create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases,the wood just doesn’t match my ideas,” he said in an interview.“I first have to remove all the rotten parts,and sometimes,6is left isn’t enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame,Rizea has been asked by many 7 (city),including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks 8 works of art.He promises to honor their requests,but he will never repeat any of the artworks 9(find) in his home city.In spite of his obvious talent,the Romanian 10(art) recently got into an art school in order to fully master woodcarving.参考答案：1.it 2.being pletely4.started5.have been created6.what7.cities8.into9.found10.artist课后练习（二）How would you feel if you woke up and found your information in the computer—including your photos,your recent documents—no longer 1 (access)?What if you found out that they had been wiped from your computer, 2 (leave) you with nothing but heartache?Guess what?It happens to people every single day.Every day,people across the country head into their local Apple store in 3(tear),broken computer in hand,praying as they wait in line 4an expensive repair might,just might,recover the priceless,irreplaceable files.A few get lucky. 5for the rest,there’s nothing anyone can do 6(help).Hasn’t it happened to you?If your computer remains unprotected,it will,and it’s only 7matter of time.But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup(备份) technology,you now have a number of options to choose from,and if you’re smart,when your computer 8(crash),you shouldn’t have any trouble 9(get) 100% of your files back that same day.I’m not talking about an external hard drive.I’m talking about an online backup solution that runs 10(quiet) inthe background on your computer.If you have one installed (安装),when your computer crashes,you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.参考答案：1.accessible2.leaving3.tears4.that5.But6.to help7.a8.crashes9.getting10.quietly。

2012届高考英语二轮语法复习学案（动词词义辨析）动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如：ex plain, say; d iscover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（一）易混动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。

如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。

permit的用法和辨析你们知道permit的用法吗?我们一起来学习学习吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

词汇精选：permit的用法和辨析一、详细释义：n.英[?p??m?t];美[?p?r?m?t]许可证;执照;授权[C]例句：Wont they ask for an exit permit?他们不是还要查验出境许可证吗?例句：If he had a permit he could get a job.要是他有执照的话，他就可以找到工作。

允许;许可[C]例句：Thats old enough to get a permit.这年龄足以得到许可了。

例句：I have had a working permit from the immigration office. 我已从移民局获得工作许可。

【美】【鱼】鲳鲹[C]v.英[p??m?t];美[p?r?m?t]允许;准许[T]例句：Marys father will not permit her to stay up late.玛丽的父亲不允许她熬夜。

例句：Do you permit your children to smoke ?你准许你的孩子们吸烟吗?使成为可能[T]例句：But its the kind of thing I cant permit.可是这种事情我却不能听之任之。

[permit oneself] 使放手做;使破例做[T]例句：He permits himself pork once a week.他规定自己一星期只吃一次肉。

【古】交托[T]允许;许可[I]例句：Allow him to play and splash in the water if his condition permits.如果他的身体情况许可，要容许他在水里玩和泼水。

例句：Ill go skiing if the weather permits.天气允许的话，我会去滑雪。

新课标高考英语重点语法范例第一周派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。

此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。

因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

一、名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion /­sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束2．动词＋­er/­or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员3．动词＋­ment→名词punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖grow v．生长growth n．生长5．形容词＋­y→名词difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实6．形容词＋­ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良7．动词＋­ance→名词annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼8．­ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份9．­ing结尾的名词garden n．花园gardening n．园艺greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the 1.expression (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2.impression (impress) on her and if she won the 3.election (elect) to become chairman of the Environment anization (organize), he could not get her 5.permission(permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6.pollution (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7.inspiration (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8.determination (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9.helper (help)！I’m sure I will be the 10.winner (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1.earnings (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2.birth (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3.death (die) of the poor baby.4.Loneliness (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5.relations (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6.bravery (brave) and 7.perseverance (persevere), he managed to gain the 8.citizenship (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. settlement (settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10.happiness (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)agriculture n．农业agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词＋­ive→形容词decide v．决定；下决心decisive adj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋­able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)change v．变化；兑换changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋­ful→形容词care n．小心；关心careful adj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋­less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心；关心careless adj.粗心的(6)名词＋­ly→形容词friend n．朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词＋­y→形容词dirt n．污物；脏物dirty adj.脏的(8)名词＋­ous→形容词danger n．危险dangerous adj.危险的2．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋­ing分词easy­going 随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋­ed kind­hearted 善良的；好心的(3)名词＋­ed分词water­covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词＋­ed分词well­written 写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋­ed three­legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1．It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck —of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)( )2．The good working condition in this city is attractive.( )3．You can rely on him because he is reliable.( )4．Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.( ) 5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( )答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的；靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的；不眠的 5.有霜的Ⅱ.语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is municative (communicate)．She is 2.active (act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3.impressive (impress) and 4.acceptable (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5.creative (create) and 6.helpful (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. homeless (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8.countless (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9.friendly (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10.famous (fame) girl in her school.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far­reaching amongst snow­covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no English­speaking (说英语的) people live.The local people are good­looking (相貌好看的), easy­going (随和的) andhard­working (勤劳的)．Our hostess was old­aged (年老的)，white ­haired (白发苍苍的) andsun­burnt (被太阳晒伤的)．She gave me home ­made (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking self­satisfied (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very well­known (著名) and wide ­spread (广泛流传) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the ready ­made (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1．前缀­en＋形容词→动词enrich v．丰富enlarge v．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋­en→动词shorten v．缩短widen v．加宽3．­fy结尾的动词simplify v．简化classify v．归类4．­ize结尾的动词realize v．认识到popularize v．普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思1．Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.( )2．The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.( )3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.( )4．You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.( ) 答案：1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使惊惧Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Try your best to memorize (memory) these new words.2．The question must be simplified (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3．It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify (pure) the waste water.4．He quickened (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5．You can enlarge (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis­不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in­不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect 不正确的im­不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir­不，非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il­不，非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non­不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的；连续不断的mis­错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis­＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un­＋动词(意义相反) uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2．表示否定意义的后缀名词＋­less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处；用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的home n．家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1．____________ 2.____________ 3.____________4．____________ 5.____________答案：1.错误观念 2.驳回；不准许 3.失望的；沮丧的4．揭露 5.揭露；揭发Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be 1.nonstop (stop) and the listeners became very2.impatient_ (patient)．When the speaker said that oil was3.non­renewable (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was4.impractical_ (practice) and5.unbearable_ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They6.disbelieved_ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was7.irresponsible (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some8.misunderstandings (understand)．So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。