[教学]20082010上海高考英语语法考点回结【附：19992009上海高考英语语法真题汇总】

中英合作采购与供应管理职业资格证书考试计划一、指导思想中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书是根据中华人民共和国职业教育法、中华人民共和国劳动法和国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定精神而设立的，其目的是面向未来中国经济的发展，提高我国采购与供应管理人员的业务素质、管理水平和职业能力，促进我国采购与供应专业人士参与国内、国际竞争的能力。

二、培养目标中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书考试是为了培养适合我国采购与供应职业发展需要和满足不同层次需求的采购与供应专业管理人士。

其基本要求是通过有关课程的学习，培养理论知识够用、职业技能实用的采购与供应管理应用型人才。

三、证书种类1．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书分为初级、中级和高级三种，由中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发。

2．英国皇家采购与供应认证证书分为“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS 三级)和“CIPS采购与供应基础文凭”(ClPS四级)两种证书。

3．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书与英国皇家采购与供应认证证书相对应。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(初级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS三级证书考试课程相同，中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(中级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS四级证书考试课程相同。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(高级)课程包括中级证书的五门课程和另外2门高级证书课程。

四、课程设置与中英证书的对应关系序号课程代码课程名称学分证书等级备注中国证书英国证书1 05727 采购原理与战略 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程2 05729 国际物流 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程3 05730采购环境与供应市场分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程4 05731采购绩效测量与商业分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程5 05732 采购过程与合同管理6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程6 03611 采购与供应谈判 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程7 03612 采购环境 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程CIPS四级证书课8 03613 采购与供应关系管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课9 03614 采购法务与合同管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课10 03615 采购绩效管理 5 中级证书课程程11 03617 采购与供应链案例 5 高级证书课程CIPS六级证书课12 03618 采购项目管理 6 高级证书课程二程选CIPS六级证书课一13 03619 运作管理 6 高级证书课程程1．通过序号为1～5门课程的考核，可获得英国采购与供应学会颁发的“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS三级证书)，同时获得中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发的中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书（初级）。

上海高三英语语法知识点在高三阶段，英语语法的掌握对于学生的英语学习非常重要。

正确运用语法规则可以提高学生的语言表达水平，从而提高阅读、写作和听说能力。

下面是一些上海高三英语学生需要掌握的语法知识点。

1. 名词名词作为句子中的主语或宾语，必须与动词保持一致。

例如：- The book is on the table.（主语为单数，动词用单数形式）- The books are on the table.（主语为复数，动词用复数形式）2. 代词代词用于替代名词，并根据其在句子中的角色来选择正确的形式。

例如：- My brother is a doctor. He works at a hospital.（代词"he"代替了"my brother"）- The car is mine. It is black.（代词"it"代替了"the car"）3. 动词时态动词时态用于表示动作发生的时间。

英语中常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。

例如：- I study English every day.（一般现在时）- She watched a movie last night.（一般过去时）- We will go to the beach tomorrow.（一般将来时）4. 形容词和副词形容词用来描述名词的特征，副词则用来描述动词的方式。

形容词和副词在句子中通常位于名词或动词之前。

例如：- He is a tall man.（形容词）- She speaks English fluently.（副词）5. 连词连词用于连接两个句子或短语。

常见的连词有并列连词、从属连词和关联连词。

例如：- I like singing and dancing.（并列连词"and"连接两个动词）- He didn't come to the party because he was sick.（从属连词"because"连接两个句子）6. 句型学生需要掌握各种不同的句型，包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等。

上海高三语法知识点Shanghai Senior Three Grammar Knowledge PointsIntroduction:Grammar is an essential aspect of language learning and plays a crucial role in effective communication. In this article, we will explore key grammar knowledge points that are important for high school seniors in Shanghai. By understanding and applying these grammar rules, students can improve their language skills and enhance their overall academic performance.1. Parts of Speech:1.1 Nouns: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. They can be classified as common nouns, proper nouns, abstract nouns, or collective nouns. Understanding their usage helps in constructing grammatically correct sentences.1.2 Pronouns: Pronouns are used as substitutes for nouns. They can be personal pronouns (e.g., I, you, he, she), possessive pronouns (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers), demonstrative pronouns (e.g., this, that, these, those), or relative pronouns (e.g., who, whom, which, that).1.3 Verbs: Verbs are action words and indicate what the subject of the sentence does. They can be categorized as transitive or intransitive verbs. Students should pay attention to verb conjugation, tenses, and correct usage of auxiliary verbs.1.4 Adjectives: Adjectives describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They provide additional information about the noun or pronoun in terms of size, color, shape, etc. It is important to understand the correct placement of adjectives in a sentence.1.5 Adverbs: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They express time, place, manner, degree, or frequency. It is crucial to use adverbs correctly when conveying precise information in a sentence.2. Sentence Structure:2.1 Subject and Predicate: A sentence consists of a subject, which represents the main topic, and a predicate, which expresses the action or state of the subject. Students should understand how to identify the subject and ensure subject-verb agreement.2.2 Clauses: Clauses are groups of words that contain a subject anda verb. They can be independent clauses (expressing a completethought) or dependent clauses (not expressing a complete thought). Correct placement and punctuation of clauses help in constructing coherent sentences.2.3 Sentence Types: Understanding the differences between declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences allows students to convey their intended meaning accurately.3. Punctuation:3.1 Comma Usage: Proper comma usage is crucial in separating items in a list, joining independent clauses, setting off non-essential information, and indicating direct speech.3.2 Apostrophes: Apostrophes are used to indicate possession or contraction. It is important to know when and where to use apostrophes correctly in order to avoid confusion and maintain grammatical accuracy.3.3 Quotation Marks: Quotation marks are used to indicate direct speech or to enclose titles of short works, such as articles or poems. Students should understand when and how to use quotation marks appropriately.Conclusion:Mastering grammar knowledge points is a fundamental step in becoming proficient in the English language. By understanding the parts of speech, sentence structure, and punctuation rules, high school seniors in Shanghai can enhance their writing and speaking abilities. Regular practice and application of these grammar rules will undoubtedly lead to improved language skills and academic success.。

上海高考实用英语语法笔记第一部分词法Chapter 1. 主谓一致一、概念：主谓一致是指：1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二、相关知识点精讲1、并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如：Reading and writing are very important.注：当主语由and连结时,如果表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

例如：Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. This afternoon. B. Tomorrow. C. Next week. D. Next month.2. A. She doesn't play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well.C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil marketC. At a science museum.D. At a gallery.4. A. Work in the yard. B. Buy some wood.C. Go to the bookstore.D. Take a walk.5. A. A. taxi driver. B. A passenger.C. A car cleaner.D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machine7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. The presentation will begin at noon. B. She'll present her work to the man.C. She'd like to invite the man for lunch.D. She suggests working on the presentation at 12:00.9. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.C. The door number of the dormitory.D. The time to open the dormitory.10. A. The chairs didn't need to be painted. B. He doesn't like the color of the chairs.C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions II through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Worried. B. Surprised.C. Satisfied.D. Uninterested.12. A. It spoiled Juana's reputation. B. It copied her ideas without permission.C. It bought Juana's dishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.13. A. A successful business case. B. Juana's waterless laundry.C. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions.14. A. footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don't touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don't take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.D. Don't transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviours.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other______ winning the match by shaking hands.A. withB. onC. inD. to26. — Do you want tea or coffee? —______. I really don't mind.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is______ in traffic.A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD. as organized as28. — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?—Terry? Never! She______ tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. bates29. According to the air traffic rules, you______ switch off your mobile phone before bearding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle______ to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried31. — Are you ready for Spain?— Yes. 1 want the girls to experience that______ they are young.A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before32. In recent years many football clubs______ as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run33. If there's a lot of work______. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about______ he will do or think.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that35. Something as simple as______ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinkingD. drunk36. It has been proved______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that37. Ideally______ for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the AVw York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located38. We went through a period______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which39. So much of interest______ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer40. ______well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. AlthoughSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that thereFrederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a41 voce in the yean before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) 42 Douglass's birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a _43 site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year 44 (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general (总领事) to Haiti.As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be 46 taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system 47 up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the 48 , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution (美国宪法修正案), which 49 African-Americans the right to vote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have __50 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been __51 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __52 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _53 of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children 54 aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__55 is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout 56 at other players or cheer when their child behaves 57 As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is 58 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured 59 , the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society, we really need to 60_this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches 61 should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better 62 They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to 63 , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that __64 is not as important as winning.50. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive 51. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted 52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation 53. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence 54. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect 55. A. winning B. practicing C. fun D. sport 56. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults 57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely 58. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible 59. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all 60. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with 61. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance 62. A. techniques B. means C. values D. directions 63. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy 64. A. bodyB. fameC. healthD. spiritSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)ASK LASKASYOU ’VE GOT QUESTIONS. SHE'S GOT ANSWERSMy children go to a primary school where they are not allowed to play football inthe playground for fear that a child might be hurt. Besides, now theschool says there must be nohomework because the local secondary school can't keep up with the amount of homeworkgiven in the primary school. Can the school do this? Puzzled DadIt can't if enough parents do something about it. It is not just schools. We live in a society which wishes to get ridof risk. However, schools should have a little common sense and courage. Children need risk if they arc to grow upself-sufficient and confident. They need homework, too, if they are to fulfill their academic potential. Complain,loudly.I have a beautiful teenage daughter who spends an hour making up her face in front of the mirror every day. I tellher to go easy. She just gets mad or bursts into tears. How can I make her understand she's beautiful the way she is.Plain MomYou can't. Your daughter is at the age when she's trying to look beautiful, trying on new masks. And if her friendsall dress up as she docs, you're in for an extra hard time. Support her and tell her she's beautiful — even if she looksridiculous for now. Then invite her to join you for a day at a spa (健康美容中心). Let her try various looks until she'scomfortable in her own skin.65. Why are the children not allowed to play football in the playground?A. The school is afraid that children might be injured.B. The school is not sensible and confident.C. The children don't have enough time to do homework.D. The children may fail to fulfill their academic potential.66. What disturbs Plain Mom is that her daughter______.A. becomes madB. cries a lotC. spends much rime before the mirrorD. is not beautiful enough67. The solution to Plain Mom's problem is to______.A. make her daughter look less ridiculousB. let her daughter dress up like her friendsC. make her daughter go to a spa every weekD. let her daughter feel herself what beauty is(B)Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well —she had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through." she said. "After everything I'd done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn't feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life."Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in north-west Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm."The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay." said Zoe. "Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless."Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. "It's a hard life, physically very tiring." she says. "In London 1 was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all 1 need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners."Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been leaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, "It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had. I could never go back to city life now."68. When working as a PR consultant in London, Zoe thought she lived a______ life.A. satisfyingB. toughC. meaninglessD. boring69. The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm is that______.A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultantB. Kathy persuaded her to do soC. Zoe got tired of the city lifeD. Zoe loved Wales more than London70. How docs Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage?A. Tiresome and troublesome.B. Romantic and peacefulC. Mentally exhausting but healthyD. Physically tiring but rewarding.71. Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing.D. Kill two birds with one stone.(C)A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before.University tuition fees (学费)are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363.Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. "The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they arc to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively."Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15 from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.72. Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project?A. Students understand personal finances differently.B. University tuition fees in England have been rising.C. Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.D. The students' payback ability has become a major issue.73. The phrase "to raise the ceiling" in paragraph 2 probably means "______".A. to raise the student loansB. to improve the school facilitiesC. to increase the upper limit of the tuitionD. to lift the school building roofs74. According to Stephen Moir, students_______.A. are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issuesB. should learn 10 manage their finances wellC- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loansD. benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance75. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many British teenagers do not know money matters wellB. Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.C. Financial planning is a required course at college.D. Young people should become responsible adults.(D)The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or S10 billion altogether.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods — tree crops, grasses and wood products — but there's no case for the government to pay to put the world's dinner into the gas tank.Third, we urgently need to weather-proof die world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond —which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather —can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation hind to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.76. An international fund based on the Malawi model would______.A. cost each of the developed countries $10 billion per yearB. aim to double the harvest in southern African countries In a yearC. decrease the food prices as well as the energy pricesD. give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds77. With the second step, the author expresses the idea that ______.A. it is not wise to change food crops into gasB. it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tankC. we should get alternative forms of fuel in any wayD. biofuels should be developed on a large scale78. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. A rain-collecting pond is a simple safeguard against dry wealB. A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help poorC. The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds.D. It makes a great difference whether we develop wood products or not.79. In the passage, the author calls on us to______.A. slow down but not to stop economic.B. develop tree crops, grasses and wood productsC. achieve economic growth and political stabilityD. act now so as to relieve the global food shortageSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra80.The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat, eat, eat.81. But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society — to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown earing fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The ".solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or ballerina.82. Once an earing disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who's never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. "It's simple — just tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don't improve much.83. Our society's obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don't compareyourself with the models and actors in the media. Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone.84.Self-denial is the typical first step toward a caring disorder. Eventually, desires for what you've denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course. 10 eat all the snacks and trace you fancy. But 10 avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet. Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that miss kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。

2008高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（01）冠词1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。

特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物.也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。

冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：不定冠词修饰可数名词.其意思为"一个"；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指.其意思相当于"这个"，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。

这时不妨可用"一个"或"这个(种)"来检验。

（1）---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a（2）Most animal have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; /2.不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。

Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。

（2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。

Before I go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast.我每天早晨上班前.吃点简单的早餐。

沪版英语高考知识点归纳总结英语作为一门重要的学科，对于高中生来说尤为重要。

为了帮助广大考生更好地复习备考，以下是沪版英语高考知识点的归纳总结。

一、语法知识点1.时态与语态（1）一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或事实。

（2）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

（3）一般将来时：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

（4）被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

2.句子成分与结构（1）主语：句子中的施事者或动作的发出者。

（2）谓语：句子中主语所表示的动作或状态。

（3）宾语：句子中接受动作的对象或表达所指的人或事物。

（4）定语：修饰名词或代词的词语。

（5）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词语。

3.从句与主从复合句（1）名词性从句：可以充当主语、宾语、表语等。

（2）定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。

（3）状语从句：修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。

二、词汇与短语1.常用词汇（1）动词：包括实义动词和情态动词。

（2）名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词。

（3）形容词：用于修饰名词。

（4）副词：用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

2.常用短语（1）介词短语：用于表示时间、地点、原因等。

（2）固定搭配：由两个或更多个词语组成，具有固定意义。

三、阅读理解1.题目类型与解题技巧（1）主旨大意题：通过理解文章主题和段落大意进行判断。

（2）细节理解题：根据文章中的具体信息进行解答。

（3）推理判断题：通过分析文章中的隐含信息进行推理。

2.阅读策略与技巧（1）快速阅读：快速浏览文章，了解整体内容和结构。

（2）略读：根据题目要求，迅速找到相关信息进行解题。

（3）精读：仔细阅读和理解文章，把握文章细节和作者观点。

四、写作技巧与范文1.写作类型与要求（1）记叙文：叙述一个故事或经历，包括开头、中间和结尾。

（2）说明文：对某个事物或概念进行解释或描述。

（3）议论文：对某个问题或观点进行辩论或讨论。

2.写作技巧（1）合理运用词汇和短语，使文章内容更加丰富多样。

一、问答题1、怎么理解中国特色社会主义文化发展道路的内涵？中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,是马克思主义文化理论与中国改革发展实际相结合的产物,是党在民主革命时期探索新民主主义文化发展道路、新中国成立后探索社会主义文化发展道路的基础上,适应改革开放时代要求的社会主义文化发展道路,是继承民族文化优秀传统,走在时代进步潮流前列,代表广大人民群众文化利益的文化发展道路,是富于改革创新精神、保持与时俱进品格的文化发展道路。

中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,确定了文化的基本属性,这就是中国特色社会主义的文化,它既同封建主义、资本主义腐朽思想文化划清了界限,也同僵化的思想文化划清了界限;确定了文化的根本任务,这就是坚持以人为本,满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求,保障人民基本文化权益;确定了文化的前进方向,这就是面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的,民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化;确定了文化的发展动力,这就是深化文化体制改革,构建有利于文化科学发展的体制机制,不断解放和发展文化生产力;确定了文化的发展途径,这就是一手抓公益性文化事业、一手抓经营性文化产业,一手抓努力构建覆盖城乡、惠及全民的公共文化服务体系,一手壮大文化产业、繁荣社会主义文化市场;确定了文化的发展格局,这就是以公有制为主体、多种所有制共同发展的文化产业格局,以民族文化为主体、吸收外来有益文化的文化对外开放格局;确定了文化的发展战略,这就是提升国家文化软实力,实施文化“走出去”战略,充分发挥文化在综合国力竞争中的重要作用;确定了文化建设的领导力量和依靠力量,这就是始终坚持党对文化工作的领导,充分发挥人民群众在文化建设中的主体作用,最大限度地发挥广大文化工作者的积极性主动性创造性。

中国特色社会主义文化发展道路,建立在对新时期文化发展规律深刻认识的基础上,经历了改革开放以来文化发展实践的检验,为社会主义文化的繁荣发展提供了宽广的发展空间和良好的发展机制,是当代中国文化发展的正确道路。

第六单元单元备课一、单元内容本单元由《画家和牧童》、《我为你骄傲》、《三个儿子》、《玩具柜台前的孩子》和语文园地六组成。

会认47个生字，学会书写33个。

二、单元主题本组教材围绕“做品质优秀的好少年” 这个专题，选编了一些给人启迪，让人受益的古今故事。

单元导语为：从古到今，有许多品质优秀的人，有的人十分谦虚，有的人勇于承认自己的错误，有的人孝敬父母、关爱他人……我们要向他们学习，做品质优秀的好少年。

主题为：做品质优秀的好少年。

本组所选的四篇文章，寓优秀的思想品质教育于生动有趣、感人肺腑的故事之中，既有绘声绘色的人物语言、动作的描述，又有维妙维肖的人物心理的细腻刻画，没有任何空洞的说教。

所以，建议老师在教学中也不要给孩子们讲述空泛的道理，要领着他们正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，在读中认识生字，在读中积累语言，在读中发现主人公的优秀品质、感悟做人的道理。

让学生在阅读中识字，在阅读中感悟哲理，努力启发学生评价故事中的人与事，让他们懂得谦虚，勇于承认错误，孝敬父母及关爱他人这些优秀的品质，并愿意以故事中的人物为榜样，向他们学习，努力做一个德才兼备的好少年。

三、教材分析和教学建议1、《画家与牧童》是一个很优秀的古代历史人物故事，讲述了唐朝一位著名的画家戴嵩勇于承认错误，谦虚地向牧童学习。

“千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人。

”一个小牧童，竟然对着著名大画家戴嵩的画大喊：“画错啦，画错啦!”这胆量令人佩服。

教学这课时由于生字多，课文长，应让学生多读，多感悟。

教师可用一个问题来引领全文，“你佩服谁，为什么？”在学生感悟理解中，可以穿插渗透：要向戴嵩一样，无论多么有名，多么权威，也要虚心向他人学习；要向牧童一样，敢于提出意见，有胆识。

文中生字很多，也较难认记，一定要调动学生乐于识字的愿望，让其在语言环境中认记。

课后延伸可以让学生上网或看书找资料，了解更多以画动物闻名的画家。

2、《我为你骄傲》故事内容贴近儿童生活，是一个常会发生在孩子身上的故事，因此它的教育意义也就显得更为突出。

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

上海高考语法知识点在上海高考中，语法是考生需要重点掌握的一项知识点。

准确的运用语法规则可以帮助考生正确地表达自己的意思，提高作文和阅读理解的得分。

下面将介绍上海高考语法知识点的一些重要内容。

一、主谓一致在句子中，主语与谓语之间应该在人称和数上保持一致。

例如：正确：The students are studying hard for the exam.错误：The students is studying hard for the exam.二、时态与语态在句子中，时态和语态的使用需要准确无误。

时态的使用要与上下文保持一致，语态的使用要根据表达的需要决定。

例如：正确：He has written a book about his travel experiences.错误：He have written a book about his travel experiences.正确：The building was designed by a famous architect.错误：The building designed by a famous architect.三、代词的使用在句子中，代词的使用要清晰明了，需要与其所指代的名词保持一致。

例如：正确：They are going to the park. It is a beautiful place.错误：They are going to the park. They is a beautiful place.四、从句的连接词在复合句中，从句的连接词要正确使用，以确保句子的结构完整和语义清晰。

例如：正确：I will go shopping if it doesn't rain tomorrow.错误：I will go shopping if it doesn't raining tomorrow.五、形容词与副词在句子中，形容词和副词的使用要准确地描述名词或动词。

上海语法知识点高考在高考中，语法是语文科目中重要的一部分，也是考生需要重点掌握的内容之一。

对于上海高考来说，语法知识点尤为重要，因为上海高考中语法占据了相对较大的比重。

下面就为大家详细介绍一些上海高考中常见的语法知识点。

一、句子成分在句子中，词语按照其在句子中的功能可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。

在解析句子时，考生需要正确判断句子成分的性质和关系。

1. 主语主语是句子中的核心成分，通常回答“谁”或“什么”是句子的主题。

在句子中，主语通常出现在谓语动词之前。

例句：阳光明媚。

解析：主语为“阳光”。

2. 谓语谓语是句子中描述主语动作或状态的成分，通常回答“做什么”或“是什么”。

谓语可以是动词、形容词、名词等。

例句：小明正在吃饭。

解析：谓语为“正在吃饭”。

3. 宾语宾语是句子中的动作对象或动作结果，通常回答“谁”或“什么”是动作的承受者。

例句：小明喜欢吃水果。

解析：宾语为“水果”。

二、主谓一致在句子中，主语和谓语之间需要保持一致。

主语和谓语一致包括人称一致和数一致两个方面。

1. 人称一致主谓之间的人称需要保持一致。

若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加-s或-es。

例句：他们在进行比赛。

解析：主语为第三人称复数，谓语动词“进行”未加-s。

2. 数一致主谓之间的数需要保持一致。

若主语是单数，谓语动词使用单数形式；若主语是复数，谓语动词使用复数形式。

例句：这些书是我的。

解析：主语为复数，谓语动词“是”使用复数形式。

三、主谓宾一致在句子中，主谓宾之间需要保持一致。

主谓宾一致主要是指谓语动词和宾语之间的一致。

1. 直接宾语直接宾语是动作的承受者，和谓语动词一致。

例句：我吃了一个苹果。

解析：直接宾语“一个苹果”和谓语动词“吃”一致。

2. 间接宾语间接宾语是动作的受益者，一般和谓语动词一致。

例句：她送给我一本书。

解析：间接宾语“我”和谓语动词“送”一致。

四、时态和语态时态和语态是句子中另一个重要的语法知识点，对于准确表达句子的时间和动作状态具有重要作用。

2009年上海秋季高考英语试卷语法分析2009年上海市高考英语试卷继续保持稳定，遵循有利于高等学校选拔人才，有利于促进中学素质教育的开展；在命题中注意不出现一些偏题，怪题，注重考察基本知识和基本技能，侧重考察语言的运用能力，以下是我对此次高考中语法部分的一些分析。

今年英语高考考查了16道语法题与10道词汇题，知识点的分布十分合理。

遵循淡化语法的长期发展趋势，本次考查的都是最基本最常用的语法规则。

考点分别为：介词、代词、情态动词表推测、动词时态、反义疑问句、伴随状语、时间状语、过去分词（非谓语动词）、定语从句、被动语态、主语从句、倒装句、动词不定式（非谓语动词）。

可以看出，动词用法的考查占了一半多的比例，因此，同学们在平时的学习中应特别注意动词用法中的相关知识点。

25、Four Chinese models were ____ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.A、amongB、betweenC、alongD、beside[分析]介词的考查。

每年高考的第一题几乎都是考介词。

平时要注意积累动词和不同介词的固定搭配和不同含义。

这道题没有难度。

选A。

不过肯能有同学看不懂意思，awarded prizes 是过去分词表被动，转化为定语从句是:the 14 people who were awarded prizes…26、----Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.----But ____ of them are in fashion now.A、allB、bothC、neitherD、none[分析]but是关键词，可知后句的含义与前句有反向的转折，所以C、D里面选。

而neither修饰名词或代词时，谓语动词需用单数；none修饰名词或代词时，谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。

沪版英语高考知识点归纳总结高中阶段，英语学习是学生们备战高考的一大重要内容。

而沪版英语教材作为中学英语教学的主要教材之一，包含了丰富的知识点和考点。

在备考过程中，学生们需要对这些知识点进行系统的归纳总结，以便更好地掌握和应用。

一、语法和句型1. 时态的应用：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时等。

在句子中应用不同的时态，能够准确表达动作发生的时间和态度。

2. 主谓一致：主谓一致是英语中的一个重要语法规则，即主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。

例如：The boy plays soccer.（主语为单数，谓语也要用单数形式）3. 定语从句：定语从句是用来修饰名词的句子，用于进一步扩展名词的含义。

例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（定语从句修饰book）4. 倒装句：倒装句是指将句子中的主语和谓语调换顺序，常用于表示强调、条件、地点等方面。

例如：Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（强调句中的谓语）5. 直接引语和间接引语的转换：学生需要熟悉直接引语和间接引语的用法及其转换规则，准确地将别人的话转述出来。

二、词汇和短语1. 同义词和反义词：学生们需要掌握一些常用的同义词和反义词，以便在写作和阅读中灵活运用。

2. 词形变化：包括名词、动词、形容词和副词的各种形式变化，如单数和复数形式、现在分词和过去分词等。

3. 常用短语：学生们需要掌握一些常用的英语短语，如常见的日常用语、交际用语、习惯用语等。

这些短语在口语和写作中有着广泛的应用。

三、阅读理解1. 主旨大意：学生们需要能够准确地判断文章的主旨大意，抓住文章的核心内容。

2. 推理判断：阅读理解中常常包括对文章中细节的推理判断。

学生们需要通过上下文的线索进行推断，理解文章的隐含含义。

3. 理解文章结构：学生们需要理解文章的结构，包括开头、中间和结尾，找到段落之间的逻辑关系和连接词。

2007-20XX年上海高考英语语法分类归纳一、动词（重点中的重点共35题）对近五年的上海高考英语试题进行分析，发现每年考察动词的试题均有7题，其中它们的分布为情态动词1题，动词时态1题，时态与语态的综合1题，非谓语动词4题，包括现在分词、过去分词、动名词（07年动词词义）、不定式各一题。

（20XX年6题）27. It’s no use ______ without taking action. （动词动名词）A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28. I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. （情态动词）A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four days later. （动词时态语态）A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32. The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. （动词过去分词补充说明定语）A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ that he could do nothing to help. （动词现在分词原因状语）A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? （动词时态）A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing…but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face. （动词不定式时态）A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost（20XX年7题）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.（时态）A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had29. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.（情态动词）A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.（时态与语态）A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. is being restored32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.（动名词）A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.（过去分词）A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached（现在分词）40. That is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.（不定式）A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce（7题）27. It ______ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (情态动词)A. mayB. canC. mustD. should29. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets ______ out. (时态)A. would sellB. had soldC. have soldD. was selling31. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board. (现在分词)A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill33. With the government’s aid, those ______ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (过去分词)A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected35. Bill suggested ______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (动名词)A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold36. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _______ not to touch any unattended bag. (时态与语态)A. had always been warnedB. were always being warnedC. are always warningD. always warned39. David threatened ______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (不定式)A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported（7题）28. — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?—Terry? Never! She ______tents and fresh air! （时态）A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates29. According to the air traffic rules, you ______switch off your mobile phone before bearding. （情态动词）A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ______to balance it.（现在分词短语表伴随状况）A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried32. In recent years many football clubs ______as business to make a profit. （时态与语态）A. have runB. have been run C had been run D. will run33. If there's a lot of work______, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. （不定式作后置定语）A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing35. Something as simple as ______some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. （动名词短语作主语）A. to drinkB. drinking C to be drinking D. drunk37. Ideally ______for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. （过去分词短语作原因状语）A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. Located（7题）28. --- Did you tidy your room?--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I _____ visitors. （动词时态）A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.--- Great! You _____ read widely and put a lot of work into it. （情态动词）A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _____ in the past years.（动词时态语态）A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _____ him. （动词现在分词短语做后置定语）A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. （动词不定式）A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade36. The Town Hall _____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. （动词过去分词短语做后置定语）A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed41. At minus 130 C, a living cell can be _____ for a thousand years. （动词词义）A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed二、介词（共5题每年考1题）25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years. （11 年时间）A. throughB. upC. withD. from25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.（10年地点）A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with25. Four Chinese models were ______ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.（09年范围）A. amongB. betweenC. alongD. beside25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.（08年搭配中的介词）A. withB. onC. inD. To25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _____ size and shape. (07年外观）A. onB. fromC. byD. in三、代词（共5题每年考1题）26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______. （11年不定代词）A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on . （10年反身代词）A. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves26. –Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.--But _____ of them are in fashion now.（09年不定代词）A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none26. — Do you want tea or coffee?—______. I really don't mind. （08年不定代词）A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All26. The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to _____ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.（07年不定代词）A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another四、搭配（共6题）27. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ______ money. （11年so+形容词）A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.（10年复合/合成形容词）A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. （10年句意）A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far as28. The Great Wall is _______ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.（09年语法such/so…that句型）A. so a well-knownB. a so well-knownC. such well-known aD. such a well-known27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in traffic.（08年形容词比较级）A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD. as organized as27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _____ of my friends. （07年形容词比较级）A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. （07年such/so…that句型）A. asB. thatC. whichD. where五、从句（重点中的重点共23题重在考查连接词）1、状语从句（共8题）36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comes out on DVD. （11年时间状语从句）A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37. The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life. （11年目的状语从句）A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.（10年让步状语从句）A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem39. our manager objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (10年条件状语从句)A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. After32. You can’t borrow books from the school library _______ you get your student card.（09 时间状语）A. beforeB. ifC. whileD. as31. — Are you ready for Spain?—Yes. 1 want the girls to experience that ______they are young. （08 时间状语从句）A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before40. ______well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. （08 让步状语从句）A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. （07年条件壮语从句）A. thoughB. beforeC. untilD. if2、名词性从句（共8题）35. There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. （11年表语从句）A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.（10年表语从句）A. thatB. howC. whatD. why37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .（10年宾语从句）A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering37. It is not immediately clear _______ the financial crisis will soon be over.（09年主语从句）A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether40. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ______ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.（09年宾语从句）A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about ______he will do or think. （08年宾语从句）A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that36. It has been proved ______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. （08年主语从句）A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. That39. _____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. （07年主语从句）A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where3、定语从句（共5题）39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. （11年关系代词）A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.（10年介词+关系代词）A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which34. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed “The Magic Flute”are both museums now.（09年关系副词）A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which38. We went through a period ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas.（08年介词+关系代词）A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. （07年关系代词）A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it六、反意疑问句（共2题）30. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______? （11年前否定后肯定）A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they30. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______?（09年前否定后肯定）A. hasn’t sheB. has sheC. isn’t sheD. is she七、倒装（共4题）38. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ______.（09年全部倒装）A. fleeing the thiefB.was fleeing the thiefC.the thief was fleeingD. fled the thief39. So much of interest ______that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.(08 部分倒装)A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer31. --- How was the televised debate last night?--- Super! Rarely _____ so much media attention. （07年倒装）A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC .a debate did attract D. attracted a debate32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was! （07年不完全倒装）A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene07年语法对名词，动词，形容词，副词词义考题各一题：42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now. （副词词义）A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentallyD. irregularly43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the part and reading newspapers over breakfast. （名词词义）A. drillB. actionC. regulationD. routine44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job. （形容词词义）A. informalB. casualC. determinedD. earnest。

2008~2011英语高考卷笔记2011·北京1.call upon呼吁2.a sense of balance平衡感3.keep pace with并驾齐驱4.tease sb戏弄某人5.insist on执意6.but for如果不是7.be hard on严格对待某人8.get a taste of亲身感受9.state that指出10.in pretty good health健康状况还不错11.timely news及时的新闻12.it[同一个事物] that[同类不同一的事物]13.write in pen write witha pen[冠词不同]14.update the figures更新数据15.go from … to …2011·课标1.[状从]Scientist as he is he knows little about the experiment.2.put up with忍受3.turn to求助4.get through打通march into步入5.coin charger钱袋6.drive out驱走7.service get poor服务质量下降2011·辽宁1. no sooner than一…就…2.give away赠送put away放好3.go ahead继续hold on坚持住4.be pleased满意5.on 1’s own独自的6.look about四处看7.nephew外甥-niece外甥女8.at once马上once again再次on time准时just now刚才2011·天津1.Take your time.不着急2.Very important as regular exercise is. 经常运动是非常重要的。

3.permit doing permit sb to do be permitted to do4.be gone 远去了5.be buried in/under6.highlight突出2011·安徽1.answer + to2.be slowly逐渐的discovered3.below sb’s knees4.then what然后如何5.I didn’t ask fo r the name list. Why has it landed(先没要，然后掉桌上) on my desk (now)? had it landed先掉桌上，然后没要2011·江西1.besides therefore somehow otherwise2.What’s the sympathy/theme/object/point3.exactly恰恰4.make a fortune挣大钱5.smoke blanketed the room烟雾笼罩了房间2011·陕西1.More highways have been built in China, to make[目的状语后面没有逗号]/making(√)/having made[发生在修路之前] it easier for people to travel form one place to another.2.You shall[表允许] have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.3.take in吸收take off起飞take on呈现take out拿出4.be loaded with装了2011·江苏1.The fact suggests that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. [主句与从句时态相同]2.Between the two parts of the concert, when/between which/at which the audience can buy ice cream.3.regional地区性的religious宗教的original最初的4.It was never clear + 疑问（I wonder / I doubt）5.consequence后果independence独立competence胜任intelligence智力6.I can’t deny否认that her remarks hurt me. reject拒绝decline拒绝7.turn over移交turn on使兴奋turn off关闭，使沮丧turn down拒绝8.in detail详细的in generous粗略的on purpose故意的on time准时的9.out of = beyond10.with luck运气好11.strectch伸展12.length 横着长度height竖着长度13.This isn’t helpful.这没什么帮助14.There’s nothing more I can do to get the apple.别无他法15.change 1’s feeling转变心情16.place of interest 名胜17.off the coast 离海岸线近18.under way 正在进行的19.perfect v.完善20.plant v.固定2011·浙江1. put down放下put off推迟put on穿put up投宿2.And how又如何；How come怎么会呢；How’s it going怎么样了；How about it怎么样3.customer care客服4.phone rage电话泄愤2011·山东1.broaden拓宽2.there’s + n. + doing3.He had his camera ready in case为了he saw sth that would make/take/shoot a good picture.4.realize[没有进行时]5.tradition、practice惯例6.recall回忆7.be into 喜欢8.indicator引导者9.sentiment 事情10.be no good to hisemployer对老板无用11.at a loss 失去12.as to = about2011·福建1.apart from = aside from2.regardless of 无论3.be home to4.have a gift for有天赋rm sb of6.reserve保留7.It was April 29,2011 when = It was on April 29,2011 that8.consume消费9.owe … to … 归功于mit traffic offence违反交规11.The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time在创纪录的时间.12.painful 像撕裂一样13.up close零距离接触14.account for 记述2011·广东1.reflect on 反映2.directly = immediately3.feel bored4.be few and far between 少见5.set its mind on 下决心6.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.2011·湖南1.[单复数] 数of sth[以后面为准]；n. of sth [以前面为准]2.once in a while 偶尔3.shape v.塑造4.desperately 自然地5.hit the senses刺激嗅觉6.unexpectedly 意外的2011·上海1.look back on 回顾2.so beautiful girl such a beautiful girl3.intend to打算His words are intended to praise you.4.be carried away 神魂颠倒5.implications 后果6.economical节约的7.loyalty忠诚的2010·北京1.take steps 采取步骤处理问题2.trust 信任3.We can always paint over it later.4.form the opinions形成观点2010·江苏1.live up to sb’s expectation不辜负某人的期望2.attend出席attain达到attract吸引attach附属3.You shall have it by Friday.允诺、威胁、规章制度4.rule out 排除carry out 实施5.by no means绝不可能6.far from ideal远离理想7.be due to 是由于8.consult with与某人协商9.I’d rather + had done(过去) / did(现在将来) 10.enthusiasm热情11.be distinguished for 因…而出名12.no later than 不迟于no sooner than不早于13.county seat县中心14.I knew her enthusiasm, I appreciated it, and I saw how it had already improved our lives.[三个完整的句子，后两个用and连接]15.win-win project 双赢工程2010·浙江1.However you want it. Whatever you want.2.be convinced that 相信3.all that = what4.To be exact 准确地说（对内容递进）5.though 但是[用于句中句末]6.I do n’t doubt that.I doubt + that/of/whether/what/how2010·课标1.which = the one that2.well before 早在…之前3.hang up with 与某人一起玩4.see that = see to it that 务必5.a striking feature 明显特征6.in that 因为2010·天津1.occupy v. – occupation n.占据、职业occupy v. The seat/house is occupied.有人占有The enemy occupied the city占领His speech occupied 3h.占时间词组：be occupied/busy + in doing/with 忙于2.picture v.想象，勾图3. mirror v.反映4.sure enouth 果然5.go v. As a saying goes “No pain, no gain”. 正如…所说The victory goes to the strongest.属于Any other night goes, but not this one.说得通，可以6.book / reserve tickets7.nothing + as/so … as8.end up { doing；with sth 以…；(as)+ n.作为9.drop out退出come out 出现出版start off出发、开始10.alternative 可替代的11.can’t help but do 不得不12. be participated in = be involved in 2010·山东1.that = the + 单数n.2.relief v.缓解n.救灾物资3.dress up打扮4.routine例行公事route常规路线5.tears roll down眼泪滚下来6.anything but = not at all7.up to多达8.around/over + 数词9.to date = till now 至今为止10.cause事业11.table waiter端盘子的12.less expensive有点便宜13.in 1’s own way自己做14.diabetes机构15.consume消费16.dark forces阴影17.press出版社2010·安徽1. get rid of摆脱get along with相处look up to敬仰look down upon蔑视2.refer 查；指的是；移交occur发生3.It takes no time要不了多久It counts for nothing不重要It doesn’t hurt to ask问问无妨It doesn’t make sense不合常理4.beyond hearing听不见/strength力气不够/recognition认不出/measure测不出5.acknowledge/describe/recognize … as …把…描述为…6.[对过去表推测]情态动词+ have + done7.[从过去某时间开始到现在不断]have been doing8.unstable 不稳的9.fine lines 细线mand attention 博得关注pensate for 弥补12.research 研究13.change for the worse向坏的方向发展14.a long way from 多年过去15.It’s time to do sth是时候做某事16.His father’s letter removed his fear of failing his parents.移走了他对让父母失望的恐慌2010·福建1.sth for me nth about me2.The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.[提炼词组：(hardly when) before]3.look forward to doing希望look forward to do往前看4.set out to do set about doing set down to5.then那时[ + 进行时]6.in this day and age在这个时代7.then and there当即8.link/relate/connect连接combine融合9.{ (be) well of；(be) better off } = be worthy10.get access to[介词] + n.11.change for the worth/better 12.push the numbers to/ well beyond 远超过13.advantages of A to B A对B的优点14.clock is ticking 钟响15.cost drop 成本下降16.medium term中期17.court场地18.fine n.罚款parking fineadv. do sth fine/well be fine/well donev. fine sb (sth) for (doing) sthadj. a fine day say fine words have a fine eye/ear for sth敏锐 a fine gentleman绅士的fine hair/rain/pen细碎的 a kettle made of fine cupper纯铜19.cost v. The book costs me 5 yuan. Doing homework costs me my weekend. Saving the drowning boy cost him his life.n. We need money to cover(包含包括够用) the cost of medicine. We organized a trip to Xihu Lake at the cost of {the company with our family以…为代价；500 yuan per head按人头收取}词组：at the cost of cost sb sth at all costs = at any cost sell sth at cost price成本价卖adj. costly花了大代价的 a costly book/mistake2010·辽宁1.in space[固定用法]在太空2.The relatives { {have, haven’t} come, have been coming} for 3 days.3.nowhere[在助词后、使役动词前]4.suggestion + on/for5.promise to be希望有可能6.be exposed to = get exposure to暴露于7.ordinary处于平均水平，不突出8.declare + that tell + sb + that9.repeatedly不断地10.keep to { his work 坚持, the teacher’s advice 坚持}11.{ book , reserve } a table 订12.post v. (1) post/mail a letter递(2) The exam result was posted in the built-in board.公布*(3) The man was soon promoted and was posted in an oversea brand.分派职位n. (1) post office / by post 邮递(2) { apply for , take up , leave } a post(3) Soldiers are at their posts.岗位(4) release post online发帖13.claim v. (1) The girl claimed to have seen a(an) UFO.宣称*(2) Nobody claimed the money found in the canteen.认领*(3) The earthquake claimed over(/up to) 300 lives.(4)The military conflicts军事冲突continues to claim/deserve our undivided完全的attention.2010·广东1.be ashamed羞愧ofshameful 可耻的what a shame多可惜2.act as if { ill , to leave , a student}3.broken English4. in an adolescent青少年的voice5.yell at6.reposition v.重置7.regardless of8.see … as 9.release10.recover from11.so mush so that 如此以至于12.spring n.春天；喷泉；弹簧v.弹跳(spung)13.symptom 症状14.rage v.&n. 发怒怒气15.cursory adj.古怪稀有的– odd – exotic16.contribute to2010·湖南1.hear from 收信hear of / about 听说hear sb doing/do/done2.So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library. [having been discovered 不作后置定语]3.many a + is [and 连接的doing 用复数]4.wind through蜿蜒的5.far off course 原理路线6.in the middle of nowhere 在不知名的地方7.unconsious 不知不觉8.{ kick , quit , get rid of } the habit9.the very last thing 最不想做的10.work out有结果11.针对：be meant for be designed for be aimed at be intended for12.play a role/part in do 1’s part in 做本职工作13.do 1’s little bit { in sth , to do } 14.lose the baby 1 was carrying流产2010·陕西1.代词（指代上文）：that – {the+单数；the+不可数}（同类不同一）one – a + 单数the one – the + 单数（同类不同一）it –上文提到再提2.agree with { A ~ with B , 适合suit , be consistent with }agree to : A ~s to B’s plan/proposalagree on : A and B agree on the place/timeagree to do3.It is + 段时间+ {before , since} + 从句4.likely / possible / probable(1) It[形式主语] is likely/possible/probable + that …(2) sb/sth + be + likely to do(3) It’s possible (for sb) to do5.Many a boy and many a girl is attending my class.6.go picnicking picnic n.&v. picnicked / picnickingpanic n.&v. panicked / panicking7.think to 1self 心想say to 1self / think aloud 自语8.feed sb’s addiction to[介词] drug 过瘾2010·上海1.farther：go farther / further（距离）further ：further education/evidence（程度）2.seldom/barely/hardly/sacredly/rarely 几乎不adv. rare adj. rare species3.restore – rebuilt 修复store v.存储n. have sth in store4.have { difficulty { (in) doing , with … } , trouble / (a) problem }5.amuse sb with sth sb is amused 某人乐了6.source 来源源泉resource 资源on a regular basis 经常地= regularly7.power { cut停电, failure}8.拒绝：object to sb/sth = disapprove of reject sb/sth refuse sb’s off turn down sb/sth resist doing9.scarely 少有10.master n.(1)主人(2)大师(3)Master’s Degree硕士Doctor’s Degree博士Bachelor’s Degree学士11.undergo – underwent – undergone 经历undergo a process12.心理学psychology – psychologist – psychological哲学philosophy – philosopher13.be set in 1998 be set to war 以…为背景14.evolve 发展involve 包括keep an eye on sb / sth 盯着看15.so to say / speak 比方说16.lose sight of 忽视turn a deaf ear to sth turn a blind eye to sth17.be loyal忠诚to sb revenge报仇n./v. fall/become victim to sth18.as far as = no father than19.master piece 大师之作2009·山东1.another 2 chairs; 2 more chairs; many more people; much more food; much more beautiful2.Whenever I met her, which[非限定从少主语] was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.3.cover够用4. doesn’t fit in with( adapt to) new environment5.While[只要] Once[凡是不下雨都去] it doesn’t rain.6.once in a while 偶尔7.from behind the door from beneath the stone.8.take sb for example拿…作例set an example to sb 树立榜样follow sb’s example学习某人9.be left of是..的遗址10. make a difference to sb对某人有影响11.timely(adj.) help及时的帮助elderly(adj.) people老人12.lose / put on / gain weight13.have no authority权利to do 14.on (the) ground(s) of / that 因为15.It’s up to sb to do sth 由某人决定16.kick the habit 戒除坏习惯develop / pick up the habit 养成17.deter/discourage 阻止sb from doing 18.hit a new low / high 达到新低/高19.in the first place首先20.in the long run / term 从长远看21.be hooked on be abandoned to be addicted to be absorbed in lost in 沉溺于22.be open to 乐于接受23.await me / wait for me awake叫醒wake自醒24.attribute sth to sb = owe to归因于contribute sth to sb = donate to 贡献distribute sth to sb 分配东西给某人25.My effort { is worth it , deserves it , is worthwhile , is rewarding }2009·天津1. recover from illness 痊愈2. review 复习、书评3. requirements 需要4. remember to do 去做doing 做过remember me to your wife5.相当adv. (1) rather / quite a good girl a very / fairly / pretty good gril(2) rather too 太[其它的不和too连用](3)quite、very [除~better外不能修饰比较级]6.if [虚拟] should / were to do / did7.draw back拉回hand in交put on展示hold out拿起8. mysteriously 神秘的9. be in keeping with 与…保持一致10.for military purpose 为军事目的11. evoke arouse awake 唤起12. be described as13. perception n.知觉、认知14. by profession 职业的career、vocation 职业15. give away 泄漏、赠送16. miss out on 错失良机17. thanks largely to18. involved 涉及2009·浙江1. There be + n. + {do , to do , done , doing} …There’s much work {to do /to be done this evening；undone, which needs us more devotion tomorrow }.There’re many people holding the view.2. I { rather , other} than my brother am[就前原则] up to the job.3. The doctor recommend that you (should) not swim after eating a large meal.4. I have reached a point情形.5. bring up带大提话题呕吐take up占时间空间开始从事学习build up塑造pull up 停车6. I wouldn’t say no.好的7. the trip to[介词] that city 8. reflect on 反映、回顾9. rundown adj.坍塌的10. be in rags 衣服破烂11. make / struggle / fight / find 1’s way through darkness 在黑暗中摸索方向12. an air of氛围a man with the air of a poet be live on the air13. cope with 处理14. brainstorm 头脑风暴15. look back on – recall 回顾16. break down崩溃17. in a circle 成一个圆18.ease adj. easy 放松的v. ease the anxietyn. feel at ease(/(at) home) 19.rush n. in a rushv. rush[vi.] into the roomrush sb to hospitalbe rushed to hospital20. be slightly late for21. have a tough time doing22. classify v.分类Classified ads 分类广告23. in the near future不远将来24. a broad smile 大笑25.leave out 遗漏、省略26.dream[v.] big[adv.] 梦想高远27. be { committed , devoted , dedicated , given , bent , applied } to sth 致力于28. courteous |ˈkɚtiəs| 有礼貌的2009·安徽1. a full moon a blue sky2. Actually实际上[引出对方不想听到的话题，对上文更正递进] I do. I think it’s a good idea. obviously只用于自己说话陈述，不用于回答。

2008年全国高考上海卷英语科试题及答案考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。

全卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

3. 第Ⅰ卷（1-16小题，25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第Ⅰ卷中的第17-24小题和第Ⅱ卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔大题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. This afternoon. B. Tomorrow. C. Next week. D. Next month.2. A. She doesn't play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well.C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil market C. At a science museum. D. At a gallery.4. A.Work in the yard. B. Buy some wood. C. Go to the bookstore. D. Take a walk.5. A. A taxi driver. B. A passenger. C. A car cleaner. D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machine7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. The presentation will begin at noon.B. She'll present her work to the man.C. She'd like to invite the man for lunchD. She suggests working on the presentation at 12:00.9. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.C The door number of the dormitory. D. The time to open the dormitory.10. A. The chairs didn't need to be painted.B. He doesn't like the color of the chairs.C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested.12. A. It spoiled Juana's reputation. B. It copied her ideas without permission.C. It bought Juana's dishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.13. A. A successful business case. B. Juana's waterless laundry.C. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions.14. A. footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don't touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don't take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.D. Don't transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviours.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Customs FormDestination: __17__Contents in detail: __18__Value: $__19__Type of mail: __20__Weight: 1.5 poundsYour item must not contain any dangerous articles prohibited by postal regulations.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 arc based on the following conversation.What is the man's oral report on? An 21 woman.What kind of people are called refugees? Those who 22 to escape war or other problems. How many refugees are there worldwide? About 23 .What does the man think of Ms. Ogata? She is successful both in __24__.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.A. withB. onC. inD. to26. — Do you want tea or coffee?—______. I really don't mind.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in traffic.A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD. as organized as28. — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?—Terry? Never! She ______tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. bates29. According to the air traffic rules, you ______switch off your mobile phone before bearding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ______to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried31. — Are you ready for Spain?— Yes. 1 want the girls to experience that ______they are young.A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before32. In recent years many football clubs ______as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been run C had been run D. will run33. If there's a lot of work______. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about ______he will do or think.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that35. Something as simple as ______some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A. to drinkB. drinking C to be drinking D. drunk36. It has been proved ______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that37. Ideally ______for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located38. We went through a period ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which39. So much of interest ______that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer40. ______well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. AlthoughSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a 41 voce in the yean before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) _42_ Douglass's birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a _43 site in Washington. D.C. Thetwo-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year _44 _. (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general (总领事) to Haiti.As a youth, be never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be _46 taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system _47 up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the _48 , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and theadoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution (美国宪法修正案), which _49African-Americans the right to vote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have __50 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports,40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been __51 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __52 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _53 of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children _54 _ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__55 is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout __56 _ at other players or cheer when their child behaves __57__. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is _ 58 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured _59 , the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society, we really need to 60 this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches _61 should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better__62 . They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to __63 _ , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that __64 is not as important as winning.50. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive51. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation53. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence54. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect55. A. winning B. practising C. fun D. sport56. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely58. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible59. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all60. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with61. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance62. A. techniques B. means C. values D. directions63. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy64. A. body B. fame C. health D. spiritSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)ASK LASKASYOU’VE GOT QUESTIONS, SHE'S GOT ANSWERSMy children go to a primary school where they are not allowed to play football in the playground for fear that a child might be hurt. Besides, now the school says there must be no homework because the local secondary school can't keep up with the amount of homework given in the primary school. Can the school do this? Puzzled DadIt can't if enough parents do something about it. It is not just schools. We live in a society which wishes to get rid of risk. However, schools should have a little common sense and courage. Children need risk if they arc to grow up self-sufficient and confident. They need homework, too, if they are to fulfill their academic potential. Complain, loudly.I have a beautiful teenage daughter who spends an hour making up her face in front of the mirror every day. I tell her to go easy. She just gets mad or bursts into tears. How can I make her understand she's beautiful the way she is. Plain MomYou can't. Your daughter is at the age when she's trying to look beautiful, trying on new masks. And if her friends all dress up as she docs, you're in for an extra hard time. Support her and tell her she's beautiful — even if she looks ridiculous for now. Then invite her to join you for a day at a spa (健康美容中心). Let her try various looks until she's comfortable in her own skin.65. Why are the children not allowed to play football in the playground?A. The school is afraid that children might be injured.B. The school is not sensible and confident.C. The children don't have enough time to do homework.D. The children may fail to fulfill their academic potential.66. What disturbs Plain Mom is that her daughter______.A. becomes madB. cries a lotC. spends much rime before the mirrorD. is not beautiful enough67. The solution to Plain Mom's problem is to______.A. make her daughter look less ridiculousB. let her daughter dress up like her friendsC. make her daughter go to a spa every weekD. let her daughter feel herself what beauty is(B)Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well —she had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through." she said. "After everything I'd done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn't feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life."Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in north-west Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm. "The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay." said Zoe. "Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless."Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. "It's a hard life, physically very tiring." she says. "In London 1 was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all 1 need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners."Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been leaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, "It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had. I could never go back to city life now."68. When working as a PR consultant in London, Zoe thought she lived a ______life.A. satisfyingB. toughC. meaninglessD. boring69. The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm is that______.A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultantB. Kathy persuaded her to do soC. Zoe got tired of the city lifeD. Zoe loved Wales more than London70. How docs Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage?A. Tiresome and troublesome.B. Romantic and peacefulC. Mentally exhausting but healthyD. Physically tiring but rewarding.71. Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing.D. Kill two birds with one stone.(C)A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before.University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £ 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10.000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363.Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. "The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they arc to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively."Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15, from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.72. Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project?A. Students understand personal finances differently.B. University tuition fees in England have been rising.C. Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.D. The students' payback ability has become a major issue.73. The phrase "to raise the ceiling" in paragraph 2 probably means "______".A. to raise the student loansB. to improve the school facilitiesC. to increase the upper limit of the tuitionD. to lift the school building roofs74. According to Stephen Moir, students_______.A. are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issuesB. should learn 10 manage their finances wellC- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loansD. benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance75. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many British teenagers do not know money matters wellB. Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.C. Financial planning is a required course at college.D. Young people should become responsible adults.(D)The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases. combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or S10 billion altogether.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods — tree crops, grasses and wood products — but there's no case for the government to pay to put the world's dinner into the gas tank.Third, we urgently need to weather-proof die world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond — which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather — can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation hind to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.76. An international fund based on the Malawi model would______.A. cost each of the developed countries $10 billion per yearB. aim to double the harvest in southern African countries In a yearC. decrease the food prices as well as the energy pricesD. give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds77. With the second step, the author expresses the idea that ______.A. it is not wise to change food crops into gasB. it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tankC. we should get alternative forms of fuel in any wayD. biofuels should be developed on a large scale78. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. A rain-collecting pond is a simple safeguard against dry wealB. A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help poorC. The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds.D. It makes a great difference whether we develop wood products or not.79. In the passage, the author calls on us to______.A. slow down but not to stop economic.B. develop tree crops, grasses and wood productsC. achieve economic growth and political stabilityD. act now so as to relieve the global food shortageSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat. eat, eat81.But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society —to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown eating fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The".solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or bulimia.82.Once an eating disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who's never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. "It's simple — just tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don't improve much.83.Our society's obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don't compare yourself with the models and actors in the media Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone.84.Self-denial is the typical first step toward an caring disorder. Eventually, desires for whatyou've denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course, to eat all the snacks and treats you fancy. But 10 avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that mis kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.第Ⅱ卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。

2008年上海卷高考英语试题分析与答案详解上海郭红原创语法与词汇：Section A：25. B. 此题考查短语congratulate sb. on/ upon sth./ doing sth.意思是“为某事向某人祝贺”，所以，选择介词on。

26. C. 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法，根据上句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二人的意思是“两者中哪一个都可以”，所以选择either，而其他三项不合题意。

e.g. —There’s coffee and tea: you can have________.—Thanks.A. eitherB. eachC. one D it (NMET 2003,第32题)either 指两者之中的任何一个，与句中的coffee and tea相对应，所以选择either,而each是“每一个”，one 是“一个”，it 是“它”，都不合题意。

27. B．此题考查比较级的用法。

根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的…从价格上看不如东京的贵，但是，从通上看，东京比伦敦更…”，本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者进行比较，只能选择答案B。

在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so/as …as”结构，意为“前者不如后者”。

e.g. He spoke English well indeed, but of course not______ a native speaker.A．as fluent as B．more fluent than C．so fluently as D．much fluently than (2004 上海，第32题)答案：C．本句后半部分也是个省略句。

28. D．此题是情境交际题，考查学生对英语在语境中进行应用的能力。

从第二个人先问“Terry?”后感叹“never”的语气中,我们可以得知Terry是不喜欢go camping的，所以答案是hates,用一般现在时态表示Terry惯常的喜好。