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2020年中考英语必考知识点汇总

2020年中考英语必考知识点汇总
2020年中考英语必考知识点汇总

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2020年中考英语必考知识点汇总

第一课时名词

一、概述

1、名词的属性:表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。

2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物,或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。如:teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等,专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。(运用)如:China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。(专有名词的第一个字母要大写)

二、可数名词与不可数名词

1、可数名词是指表示人或事物,可以用数来计量的名词,有单复数之分。如:glass-----glasses; book---- books

2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。

如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。

3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。

Light travels faster than sound; (light:光线,不

可数)

The lights are on. (light:灯,可数)

4、不可数名词的量的表示

不可数名词一般无法用数来计算,前面不能用a或an或数

词来表示数量,它的量往往借助于容器来表示。

如:a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk

a piece of paper ------ two pieces of paper

a bag of rice ------ three bags of rice

三、可数名词的复数形式(识记、运用)

1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分,单数变复数有规则变

化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化

2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式

policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;

tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;

Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish

--- fish

四、名词所有格(运用)

名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式,它也有构成上的变化。

1、单数名词变所有格,只需在词尾加’ s;

2、复数名词的词尾已有s,只需加’即可;

3、复数名词的词尾若没有 s ,则应加’ s ;

4、如果表示某人或物为两人所共有,则在第二个人后面加’ s ;

如:Da M ao and Xiao Mao’s room

如果不是两人共有,则在每个人后面都加’ s;

如:Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother

5、名词所有格结构通常用于表示有生命的名词,或表示时间、距离、地点等,而表示无生命名词的所有关系则用“of”

表示。

如: the windows of house the picture of the family

of 结构也能用于有生命名词的所有格。

a friend of my sister’s a book of his

第二课时冠词(一)

一、概述

冠词是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能独立使用。

在汉语中没有这个词类。在学习冠词时,要注意这种加在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的词表示数量“一”时,与数词的区别;其表示“数量”的意义没有“one”强,这是学习中注意区别的。

二、冠词的定义

冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种:

一种是定冠词(the Definite Article);the

一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article). a an

三、不定冠词的用法

a用于辅音音素起首的单词前,an用于元音音素起首的单词前。

1、当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用,如:

What is this? It is a bus.

Who is she? She is a doctor.

2、表示泛指一类人或物

A snake is a cold-blood animal.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

3、表示某一类人或事物的任何一个。如:

She is a teacher; That is an apple.

There is an elephant in the zoo.

4、可用于某些词组,是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。如:

a long time a little

a few

at a time have a try

take a chance

5、表示“每一个”的意思。如:

three times a day four yuan a dozen

6、可用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。如:

I am quite at a loss;

The little child is a joy to his parents.

7、用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。如:

He drew out a tin of pineapple.

They made a fire to get warm.

注意:

1、不定冠词an用在以元音(不是字母,而是发音)起首的名词或其他以元音起首的词之前,不定冠词a用在以辅音起首的名词或其他以辅音起首的词之前。

2、u和h有时在单词中发元音,有时却读作辅音或不发音。如:

I have been waiting for an hour.

He is an honest young fellow.

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