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非谓语动词解题三步走作者：王正勋来源：《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期第一步：确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
一般来讲，一个句子只有一个谓语动词。
如果是两个谓语动词并列，要有连词连接；如果没有连词，其中一个要用非谓语动词。
如果是三个或三个以上谓语动词并列时，前面几个谓语动词要用逗号分开，最后两个常用and等连词连接，此时的谓语动词所表示的动作常先后接连发生。
否则要根据具体情况，分析动词之间的关系，确定非谓语动词的形式。
如果and等连词不是放在最后两个动词之间，要分析各个动词的关系，确定哪些是用作谓语动词，哪些是用作非谓语动词，再分析动词之间的关系，确定非谓语动词的形式。
例1 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.解析：答案为将telling改为told。
分析句子结构可知，tell与saw是并列关系，and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，因此将telling改为told。
例2 The old woman carefully sorted out the eggs，_____（put）them in the basket and headed for the market.解析：答案为putting。
分析句子结构可知，put动作应该与sort out动作同时发生，虽然三个动词中最后两个用and连接，但三个动词并不是接连发生，因此put不能用作谓语动词，而用现在分词充当伴随状语。
第二步：根据非谓语动词发生时间和谓语动词的时间关系确定非谓语动词的时态，根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定非谓语动词的语态。
1. 若所表示的动作与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生，则用to do（主动）或to be done（被动）。
2. 若与主要谓语的动作（几乎）同时进行，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，则用to be doing或doing（主动），being done（被动）。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。
（teaches 动词作谓语）Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
（to have a talk....不定式作状语）2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜欢流行音乐。
（动词用单数第三人称形式）Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。
（do 用原形）非谓语动词的特征：1如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.学习英语是我的爱好。
（studying 后跟宾语）To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。
（help 后跟宾语）2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是working 的状语)It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让你久等了。
（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
非谓语动词与谓语动词对比在英语语法中，非谓语动词与谓语动词是两种不同的动词形式，它们在句子中的作用和用法有所不同。
本文将对非谓语动词和谓语动词进行对比，并详细阐述它们的使用方法和语法规则。
一、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
它们都没有主语，不能作谓语，而是在句子中充当其他成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语等。
1. 不定式不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，具有名词和动词的特征。
不定式可以用作动词的宾语、定语、表语、补语等。
例如：- I want to go to the movies tonight.（不定式作为宾语）- She has a lot of work to do.（不定式作为定语）- His dream is to become a doctor.（不定式作为表语）- They need someone to help them.（不定式作为补语）2. 动名词动名词是由动词的现在分词形式（-ing）构成，具有名词的特征。
动名词可以用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。
- Swimming is good for your health.（动名词作为主语）- I enjoy reading books.（动名词作为宾语）- The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（动名词作为定语）- He left without saying goodbye.（动名词作为状语）3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
分词可以用作形容词，修饰名词或代词，也可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式等。
例如：- The book written by Mark Twain is very popular.（现在分词作为形容词）- The broken vase needs to be replaced.（过去分词作为形容词）- Running late, he decided to take a taxi.（现在分词作为状语）- Having finished his homework, he went out to play.（过去分词作为状语）二、谓语动词谓语动词是句子的核心，表示主语的动作或状态。
如何确定非谓语动词和谓语动词
非谓语动词和谓语动词在句子中的作用和用法不同，可以通过以下方
法来确定它们：
1.句子的结构：非谓语动词通常出现在主要的谓语动词之前或之后作
为其补充，而谓语动词则是句子的核心。
2.功能：非谓语动词可以用作动词、形容词或副词，而谓语动词则是
主谓结构的核心。
3.句子的时态和语态：非谓语动词通常不受主句的时态和语态的限制，而谓语动词则需与主句的时态和语态保持一致。
4. 动词的形式：非谓语动词一般以动词的原形、动词的-ing 形式或
动词的过去分词形式出现，而谓语动词则以各种时态和语态的活用变化出现。
总之，通过分析句子的结构、功能、时态和语态还有动词的形式，可
以较容易地确定非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别和使用方法。
如何判断谓语动词和非谓语动词在英语中，判断一个动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主要取决于它在句子中的位置和功能。
谓语动词是构成句子时，与主语和宾语等主要句子成分一起使用的动词。
它们通常位于主语之后，宾语之前。
例如，在句子 "John is running" 中，“is running”就是谓语动词，因为它描述了主语“John”正在进行的动作。
而非谓语动词则是指那些不能单独作为句子的主要动词的动词形式，它们通常包括动词的现在分词、过去分词和不定式。
非谓语动词可以表达动作或状态，但它们需要与其它词语一起使用才能构成完整的句子。
1.位置：谓语动词通常位于主语之后，如上述例子中的“is running”。
而非谓语动词通常位于句子的其他部分，例如，“running”在“John isrunning”中是位于主语和宾语之间的。
2.时态：谓语动词的时态通常与主语的时态保持一致。
例如，“John isrunning”中的“is”表明这个动作正在进行，而“running”则表示这个动作是主动的。
而非谓语动词则可以表示动作的一般状态、完成的动作或动作的被动状态。
例如，“running”可以作为现在分词表示“跑步”这个动作的一般状态；作为过去分词表示“已经被跑完的”这个动作的被动状态；或者作为不定式表示“去跑步”这个动作的一般将来时。
3.变化：谓语动词会随着主语人称、数和时态的变化而变化。
例如，“Johnis running”变为“John was running”时，“is”变为“was”，这是时态的变化；变为“John runs”时，“is”变为“runs”，这是数的变化；变为“I am running”时，“John”变为“I”，这是人称的变化。
而非谓语动词则不会随着主语的变化而变化。
例如，“running”无论在何种情况下都不会变为“run”。
4.作用：谓语动词在句子中主要用来描述主语的动作或状态。
语法主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
2 主谓一致中的就近原则1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
4 谓语需用单数1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。
(用复数也可，意思不变）。
5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
谓语动词、非谓语动词 vs时态、语态四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:过去现在将来过去将来一般 did do will/shall do should/woulddo 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have should/woulddone have done用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been / /doing1(主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般 was/were given am/is/are givenwill/shall be given should/wouldbe given 进行 was/were being am/is/are being / /given given完成 had been given have/has been will/shall have should/wouldgiven been given have beengiven 完成进行 / / / 2(被动形式, CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
, 时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一(非谓语动词一(不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
高考英语语法专项练习谓语动词和非谓语动词区分区分谓语动词与非谓语动词是高考英语语法填空题型中的重难点，考生在解题过程中应按以下步骤进行分析：1.找到设空句子中的谓语动词和连接词，其中要注意被省略连接词的补充。
2.连接词与谓语动词的数量规律：谓语动词数量=连接词数量+1。
3.根据数量规律判断句子中是否缺少谓语动词，如缺少，设空位置应填谓语动词，需要考虑时态，语态及主谓一致等问题；如不缺少，设空位置应填非谓语动词，需根据非谓语动词在句子中担当的成分进一步判断。
1. A century ago, when night-time _______(fall), the dark arrived. Things aredifferent today.2.Friendship is one of life’s greatest gifts,and it _______ (value)in both Eastern andWestern cultures.3.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____________(improve) water quality.4.They start building their huts late in the summer, but do not get them ________(finish) before the early frosts.5.First of all, __________ (become) aware of what causes your worry will help toreduce the stress.6.Nine spacecrafts ___________(send) to study Jupiter by now.7.If one person breaks the rules, more people __________ (follow) him and dowhat they want.8.Actually, it is quite normal for the average person ________ (live) in a city to seethousands of ads every single day.9.Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, butscientists have had difficulty ___________(determine) “Which came first, the chicken or the egg？”10.China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and _________(renew)the call early this year to create an increasingly prosperous society.11.With the last satellite launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June23, the global network of 59 satellites _________(complete) since then.12.But if you do find it difficult ______(fall) asleep or stay asleep at night, then youshould avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.13._________(expose) to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicatewith others in fluent English.14.Less than a month after Kumar won the right ________(compete) in them, theTokyo 2020 Olympic Games was put off until 2021.15.The drone, _________(equip) with a special camera and a loudspeaker, can detectpeople with fever at a certain distance and broadcast messages about protective measures to residents.16.It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows which represent the sadness VanGogh was feeling as he ________(paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.17.The white settlers and American Indians lived in peace at the beginning,butconflicts finally _________ (arise)and led to the Indian War(1866-1890).18.The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine,at 7，062 metres, _________(give) China its place alongside the world's top ocean explorers.19.Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinesecharacters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____________(create) special designs.20.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concerton a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.21.Like Chinese music, African music is very rhythmic —each instrument___________ (tell) its own story, makes you a part of it and takes you on a different journey.22.Xin Xing (a female panda), born in Sichuan Province in 1982, _____________(rescue) in the wild and sent to Chongqing Zoo in 1983.23.Traditional Chinese wedding customs may vary from place to place and time totime, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, _________(cause) a far-reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.24.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. Thisincluded digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strongroof over the top.25.Casey told the rescuers that he ________ (hang)out with a black bear for twodays, a bear he called his "friend".26.In the past many years, the giant panda __________ (drive)out of the lowlandareas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.27.In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries____________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 28.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of____________(die) early by running.29.Scientists have responded by ____________(note) that hungry bears may becongregating (聚集) around human settlements...30.I was also a co-founder of the website Mother Nature Network, which____________ (integrate) into Treehugger the other day.31.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed onlysince the mid-1980s, and are expensive ____________(perform) consistently over a large area.32.Technological innovations，____________(combine) with good marketing，willpromote the sales of these products.33."An Miao"(meaning seedling protection) is a traditional farming activity ofsouthern Anhui province that __________ (practice) since the early Ming dynasty(1368-1644).34.Children younger than 12 _________(allow) only to play the game for amaximum of one hour a day, and after 9 pm, they would be banned from logging on(登录),said Tencent.35.The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet____________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.36.____________(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested readingthrough our notes.37.The next morning he hired a boat and set out ____________(find) thewell-known painter.38.Orange trees are more than decoration... They make great gifts and you see themmany times ____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.39.Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of 4mph__________ (burn) around 300 calories per hour.40.Now China _________ (push) for a larger role in global economicpolicy-making.41.This was the first time George ___________(feel) accepted by the people aroundhim.42."This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,"because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________- (construct)."43.They represent the earth ____________(come) back to life and best wishes fornew beginnings.44.I like eating ____________(fry) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must beeasy to cook.45.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4____________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.46.The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented hismasterpiece t o the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.47.And, as more children were born, more food ____________(need).48.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___________(throw) away.49.Instead of getting down to a new task as I ___________(expect), he examined theprevious work again.50.—You are a great swimmer.—Thanks. It’s because I ____________ (practise)a lot these days.51.One study in America found that students’ grades ____________(improve) a littleafter the school introduced uniforms.52.This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____________(live) in thecountryside.53.On the first day of my first grade...I __________(voice) my biggest concern tomy mother, "How will I make friends?"54.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals __________ (install) by 2022 forthe Beijing Winter Olympics.55.The musician along with his band members __________ (give) ten performancesin the last three months.56.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ____________(look) directlyinto his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.57.Amy, as well as her brothers, ___________ (give)a warm hug when returning tothe village last week.参考答案1.fell2.is valued3.to improve4.finished5.becoming6.have been sent7.will follow8.living9.determining10.renewed11.has been completed12.to fall13.Having been exposed14.to compete15.equipped16.was painting17.arose18.giving19.to create20.listening21.tells22.was rescued23.causingying25.had hung26.has been driven27.studied28.dying29.noting30.was integrated31.to performbined33.has been practiced34.would be allowed35.clapping36.To help37.to find38.decorated39.burns40.is pushing41.had felt42.means, is constructeding44.fried45.to find46.be chosen47.was needed48.are thrown49.had expected50.have been practising51.improved52.living53.voiced54.will have been installed55.has given56.looking57.was given。
