人教版高中英语必修一Unit5知识点详解
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Part 1. Warming up
重点单词
1. And what qualities does a great person have?
quality质量；品质；性质
观察思考
Much of the land was of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。
She had many good qualities although she is a little rude.
她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。
2. mean
(1) adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
She is too mean to make a donation. 她太小气不肯捐款。
(2) v. 意指某事，意思是；意欲，打算
That means wasting a lot of labor.那意味着浪费许多劳动力。
Really? I don’t mean to waste any labor. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。 .
常见搭配：mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
be mean to sb. 对某事刻薄
What do you mean by...? 你说/做...是什么意思？
be meant to do 要做，必须做 eg.You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。
be mean with/about 对...吝啬/小气 eg.He is very mean with his money.
3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
devote（与to连用）献身；专心于
(1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心
devote...to...把……用于……
He devoted himself to his career.他献身于自己的事业。
Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。
(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的a devoted fan/ friend/supporter 忠实的粉丝/朋友/支持者
devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚
be devoted to深爱；致力于 即学即用
1._______ to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.
A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
2.He devoted himself ______ the poor.
A. helping B. helped C. to help D. to helping 3.He made up his mind to devote his life to pollution from again.
A.preventing;happening B.prevent;happen
C.preventing;happens D.preventing;will happen
注意： devote...to...中的to为介词，后面跟动词的-ing形式，类似的短语还有：
object to 反对 stick to 坚持 lead to 引领，导致 look forward to 盼望
get/be used to 习惯于 get down to 开始认真做 pay attention to 注意
get/be accustomed to 习惯于
Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1. He fought for black people and was in prison for almost thirty years.
fight 相关短语：
fight +n. 与....作战 / 打架 = fight against sth
fight for 为了...而战
fight against 与...作战 / 斗争
fight with 与...作战 / 并肩作战
fight back 还击
fight sb/sth off 抵抗或击退
fight about/over sth 因…而争吵
eg.(1) fight a cold 抗感冒
(2) fight off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻
(3) fight for independence/ equal rights为了独立/平等权利而战
(4) fight against poverty/ injustice 与贫穷/不公正作斗争
(5) If the enemy comes, we’ll fight back. 如果敌人来，我们将还击。
(6) Two dogs are fighting over a bone. 两只狗在为一块骨头撕咬。
(7) We will have to fight against difficulties. 我们将不得不与困难作斗争。
fight with用于“与...作战”时，与 fight against 大致同义，但用后者语气更强。除此用法外，fight with 还有一些其它的用法，此时不能与 fight against 替换。如：
The children fought with snow-balls. 孩子们打雪战。
England fought with France against Germany in World War I. 英国在第一次世界大战与法国一起对德作战。
比较：England fought with [against] France. 英国与法国作战。
prison相关短语
把...投进监狱 put...in prison send...to prison throw/cast...into prison
go to prison 入狱 be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 be taken to prison 被关入监狱
break(out of)prison越狱
以上短语都表示行为，所以prison前均不加冠词，若表示地点，则其前应加冠词。
如：
The young woman went to the prison to see her husband who was in prison then.那位年轻妇女去监狱探望那时在坐牢的丈夫。
其他类似用法：
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去
in church 在教堂做礼拜 in the church 在教堂里
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在餐桌旁
考题： While he was at ______ college, he took part in political activities, and was soon thrown
into ______ prison. A. the; / B. /; the C. /; / D. the; the
答案是C。第一空表示上大学，第二空表示入狱，都不要冠词。
2. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉就是我去向他请教的那个黑人律师。
advice 忠告, 劝告; 建议; 指点
(1) a piece of advice 一条建议 (2) She gave me some good advice on how to learn English. 她就如何学英语给了我一些好的建议。
(3) I think I'll take your advice and get the green dress. 我想我会接受你的建议，买那件绿裙子。
(4) Can I give you a piece of advice? 我能给你提一条建议吗？
(5) My advice is to go by train. 我的建议是坐火车去。
(6) We went to Paris on Sarah's advice. 我们依照萨拉的建议，去了巴黎。
advise verb
advise + n. The doctor advised a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。
advise sb. to do
advise doing
advise sb. on sth.
She advises the government on environmental issues.她是政府的环境问题顾问。
advise + wh- + to do
The pharmacist will advise which medicines are safe to take.药剂师会建议服用哪些药才安全。
advise + that sb ( should ) + do
advise sb. not to do sth.= advise sb. against doing sth.建议某人不要做某事
自测题：
（1）We are often advised _____ notes in class, but few do so.
A. taking B. take C. to take D. took
（2）My sister advised me that I ______ accept the job.
A. would B. might C. could D. should
（3）He often advised the young workers on ______ the machine and they learned quickly.
A. to operate B. how operate C. how operating D. how to operate
