Lecture3Natureoftranslation解读

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英译汉 Lecture 3

For Venuti, domesticating has negative connotations as it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which are “aggressively monolingual, unreceptive to the foreign” and which he describes as being “accustomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign texts with [target language] values and provide readers with the narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a cultural other”.
Ex 2. Translate the following phrases and sentences into Chinese.
1. A: Why is the river rich? B: Because it has two banks. 2. A: What does that lawyer do after he
Lecture 3
Translation Strategies
Translation Strategies: 1. Literal Translation & Liberal translation 2. Domestication & Foreignization
Part I
Literal Translation VS

Lecture 3 翻译的标准

Lecture 3 翻译的标准翻译标准：目前翻译界普遍接受的，也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准，简而言之是两条：忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。

外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。

翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文，原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑，于是原文的语言形式被带入译文，造成了译文的外语腔。

The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.【译文】气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

翻译标准：忠实和流畅好的译文还必须保持原文的风格包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。

即：译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格，不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。

课堂练习：•She couldn't have come at a better time.•She has been a widow only six months.•I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.•The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.•From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.•As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.1. 她来得正是时候。

Lecture Three

8. What is the unique thinking pattern of the Chinese?
The dialectical thinking and the thinking in the mode of Confucian classics’ study existed side by side. The dialectical thinking: •According to Confucianism •Laozi and Zhuangzi •The School of Profound Learning •Buddhism •The School of Study of Way in the Song and the Ming dynasties
In Taoism, it means the naturalization of personality, a pristine and natural spirit in its original state. Taoism return to the nature.
4. Explain “the golden mean” The golden mean is a methodology. It stresses the unity of opposites, like that of benevolence and rites in politics, poverty and wealth in economy, righteousness and interests in ethics, teaching and learning as well as learning and thinking in education, moral integrity and ability, polish and substance as well as force and grace in the molding of personality. It attempts to seek a relative equilibrium between two contradictory sides. It is for the impartial and mild but against the extreme.

E-C3翻译概论

语义翻译：指在译入语语义和句法结构允许的前提下, 尽可能准确地再现原文上下文意义。交际翻译：

注重译文读者产生于原文读者相同的效果, 语义翻译注重译出原文的所有含义,它们的根本区别在于交际翻译强调信息产生的效果,语义翻译强调信息内容,但是,它们之间的区别是相对的,在翻译实践中,往往是两种翻译方法交替使用,相辅相成,以期达到译文的最佳效果。
翻译的意义

尤金· 奈达Eugene Nida：翻译是“人们所能从事的最复杂的脑力劳动”。 Richards：翻译是开天辟地以来最为复杂的事件。西欧之所以有今天的文明，要“归功于翻译者”。Kelly，1979 季羡林：中华文化之所以能常葆青春，万灵之药就是翻译。翻译之为用大矣哉！（林煌天， 1997序）

有关翻译的言论：意大利谚语：Traduttore, traditore. 翻译即叛逆。翻译好像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。理想的译者应成为一块玻璃，透明得让读者感觉不到他的存在（果戈理）把翻译看作是“译者摆布文本的一个过程” （Susan Bassnett）
关于译者的比喻 A courier of the human spirits （普希金） A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting A straitjacketed dancer A musician / an actor

国际译联主席Betty Cohen：Never in history have we been so indispensable to trade, culture, peace, and humanity…Just imagine one day in the world without translation…would all be mute. We are like the electricity in the wires and the water in the tap.

Lec.2 -- Nature of Translation

Nature of Translation
17 September, 2012
Nature of Translation
• • • • • 1. Essence of Translation 2. How Translation Occurs 3. Two Aspects 4. Literal Translation vs. Free Translation 5. Translator’s Roles in Translation
How Translation Occurs
• No one-to-one correspondence between languages • All translation, by its very nature, is paraphrastic and interpretive • Differences in wording due to numerous factors • Three questions in relation to word meaning • The presence of ambiguity BACK
• Their arguments are, roughly, three. First, that the machine is by its nature a mass producer, and that objects made in ones and twos can be made better, even cheaper, by an individual craftsman than by a machine; secondly, that the human hand with relatively simple tools can produce objects of a quality permanently beyond the reach of the machine; thirdly, that it is not good for mankind if people lose the ability to create with their hands.

The Name and Nature of Translation Studies 翻译学的名与实

特定时间理论
特定问题理论
描写翻译研究、理论翻译研究和应用翻译研究之间的关系
霍尔姆斯认为翻译研究学科正是由描写翻译研究、理论翻译研究和应用翻译研究这三部分有机构成的。他认为，其中每一部分都为另两部分提供资料，也都在吸取和利用另两部分的研究成果：应用翻译研究为描写翻译研究提供研究素材，描写翻译研究的研究成果为理论翻译研究提供数据和基础，而理论和描写这两部分的研究成果又作用于应用领域中，为了发展和繁荣整个学科，三者不可偏废任一。
面发展的目标是翻译社会学(或社会翻译学)；
纯粹翻译研究理论翻译研究（翻译理论）翻译研究译者培训翻译工具应用翻译研究翻译政策翻译批评
翻译过程研究：翻译过程或翻译行为本身，其中涉及到译者的所思所想对翻译所起到的影响，目标是翻译心理学。翻译总论特定媒介理论特定区域理论局部翻译理论特定层级理论特定文类理论
THANKS
“翻译学学科的创建宣言”。
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பைடு நூலகம்
建立翻译学科的条件
翻译学科的命名
主要内容
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翻译研究的性质和目标
“翻译研究”的学科框架
建立翻译学科的条件
霍尔姆斯在《名与实》一文中指出了翻译学科应具备的建立一门独立学科所
需要的重要条件及其必要性。在过去几百年中，人们对翻译学科的研究始终十分混乱，直到第二次世界大战之后，很多原本致力于相近学科研究的学者 (如语言学家、哲学家、文学研究家等)以及专注于信息学、逻辑学和数学等表面上并不相近学科的学者都转向了翻译领域，他们把原学科的范式、半范式、模型及方法带入翻译研究。翻译学成为独立学科所需的条件随着这些新鲜研究方法的加入而成熟。
翻译学科的命名
霍尔姆斯认为术语研究在学术研究中处于十分重要的地位，因此，阻碍学科

the name and nature of translation holmesPPT课件

The Name and the Nature of Translation Studies
James S. Holmes 王敏张潇潇季慧莉
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前言
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詹姆斯•霍尔姆斯
• 詹姆斯•霍尔姆斯(James Stratton Holmes，1924— 1986)出生在美国依阿华州，后在宾夕法尼亚州的哈弗福德(Haverford)学院学习英语文学，1949年受富布赖特项目(Fulbright Project)资助来到荷兰，他从五十年代初即开始将荷语文学介绍到英语世界，此间也没有间断自己的诗歌创作。他的翻译理论研究工作则始于60年代末期。
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2. 翻译学学科建设的阻碍因素：
1) One of these impediments is the lack of appropriate channels of communication. 缺少恰当的交流渠道。
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2）the seemingly trivial matter of a name for this field of research.
(2) to establish general principles by means of which these phenomena can be explaining to and predicted.（建立翻译总原则）
• 霍尔姆斯在诗歌创作、诗歌翻译和翻译理论研究等方面都有突出成就。
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霍尔姆斯的翻译理论
• the name and nature of translation studies

lecture 2-3.翻译的标准汇总

Harmony stems from Contradictions (需正确处理的关系)：
首先，要正确处理忠实于通顺的关系。
第二，要正确处理内容与形式的关系。
第三，要正确处理克己意识和创造意识的关系。
Grade Score Description for TEM Band 8
10-9 EXCELLENT TRANSLATION
The road to happiness lies in two simple principles: find out what it is that interests you and that you can do well, and when you find it, put your whole soul into it -- every bit of energy, ambition and talents you have.
余光中“变通的艺术”
“翻译如婚姻，是一种两相妥协的艺术。譬如英文译成中文，既不能西风压倒东风，变成洋腔洋调的中文，也不许东风压倒西风，变成油腔滑调的中文，则东西之间势必相互妥协，以求‘两全之计’。至于妥协到什么程度，以及哪一方应该多让一步，神而明之，变通之道，就要看每一位译者自己的修养了。”
1.爱就是只要别人幸福快乐，我们就幸福快乐！ To love is to place our happiness in the happiness of another. If…/so long as…/attach… to…/on the base of…
2.求婚时想入非非，结婚后如梦方醒。 They dream in courtship, but in wedlock wake. In a daydream one is indulged when he proposes, but back to the reality he is when marriage achieves. a daydream…reality /a reverie/castle in the air/ head in the clouds/aim at the moon… 3.为了被爱去爱是人类的天性，为了爱去爱却是天使般的美德

lecture3《大学》英译赏析

?大学?英译赏析
The Appreciation of the English Translation of Da Xue
背景介绍
Background Information
?大学?原为?礼记?中的一篇，相传为曾参〔前505－前432〕所撰，为唐人韩愈、李翱所竭力推崇。宋代程颐程颢兄弟对其进展了系统地整理和深入研究，使其初具独立成经的地位。
Psalm 94:1: “O LORD, the God who avenges, O God who avenges, shine forth.〞(耶和华啊，你是伸冤的神；伸冤的神啊，求你发出光来！)
“小学〞VS.“大学〞
?礼记·学记?：“古之教者，家有塾，党有庠，术有序，国有学。比年入学，中年考校。一年视离经辨志，三年视敬业乐群，五年视博习亲师，七年视论学取友，谓之小成。九年知类通达，强立而不反，谓之大成。夫然后足以化民易俗，近者说服而远者怀之，此大学之道也。〞
Only when one comes to understand this point of rest can one reach a state of unwavering stability. Having reached this unwavering state, one can then enjoy an unruffled quietude; having attained this state of quietude, one can then achieve an inner calm; once one has achieved this inner calm, one is then in a position to exercise one’s capacity to deliberate clearly. And it is the capacity of deliberation that provide the basis for all moral attainment.

Chapter One The Nature of Translation

课程体系
第一册目录
rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. (Peter Newmark) Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida &
No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which makes us amends for every thing. To be young is to be one of the Immortal Gods. One half of time indeed is flown – the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures; for there is no line drawn, and we see no limit to our hopes and wishes. We make the coming age our own. “The vast, the unbounded prospect lies before us.” We look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseless progress; and feel in ourselves all

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of early spring.
• 改译为:
• In the carriage along the winding stone paths up the hills remote,
• I mounted only to find a few human homes in clouds fleecy;
• translation of social science • translation of scientific materials • practical translation
• As far as the disposal, it is classified into: • full-text translation, • abridged translation or adapted translation
• 2．词序的问题
• 一个矮小的看起来已经五十多岁而实际年龄不过四十岁的女人。
• 看起来已经五十多岁而实际年龄不过四十岁的矮小女人。
• 3．代词的问题 • 一个军人应该忠于他的国家。 • 4．被动语态的问题 • 他被怀疑偷东西。他有偷东西的嫌疑。 • 他不被准许入学。他未获准入学。
How to learn translation?
• 对照阅读 • 翻译技巧 • 翻译词典 • 大量实践
Exercises
• 杜牧的《山行》远上寒山石径斜，白云生处有人家。停车坐爱枫林晚，霜叶红于二月花。
• R. Kotewell and N. Smith的译文如下： • After I climb the chill mountain’s steep stone
Source language (SL)
• Language from which one translates.
Target language (TL)
• Language into which one translates.
• 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而整体地重新表达出来的语言活动。(张培基等(1980)《英汉翻译教程》)
• 翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表述出来的文化活动。（王克非(1997)，《翻译文化史论》）
Classification of translation
• So far as the form of expression is concerned, translation is classified as:
• Tarห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ying here I enjoyed the twilight in this maple grove,
• For leaves frost-crimsoned outshone spring flowers in glory.
Common problems
• 1．连词的问题 • In the park we danced and sang. • 在公园里我们跳舞和唱歌。 • 一年有春、夏、秋（和）冬四季。
Prerequisites for translation
• Language proficiency A translator must be well acquainted with the source language and the target language. A translator must be armed with bicultural knowledge needed. A translator must be armed with professional knowledge needed. A translator should be equipped with some translation theories and skills or techniques A translator should be dedicated to work and good at learning.
Lecture 3
• What is translation? • Classification of translation • Prerequisites for a qualified translator • How to learn translation?
What is translation?
• oral interpretation (alternating, simultaneous…)
• written translation • machine translation
• So far as the content is concerned, it is classified as:
• Translation, essentially, is the faithful representation, in one language of what is written or said in another language. (钟述孔);
• “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style"(Nida and Charles,1969:12).(所谓翻译，是指从语义到文体（风格）在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。)
paths, • Deep in the white clouds there are homes of
men. • I stop my carriage and sit to admire the maple
grove at nightfall, • Whose frozen leaves are redder than the flowers