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Unit 8Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions into English.1. lift the curtain 11. defy/challenge the authority2. resent the treatment 12. bend the rules3. calculate the price 13. oppose the decision4. confiscate one's property 14. plot murder5. draw ridicule l5. diagnose liver cancer6. offend the boss l6. complicate the matter7. commit treason 17. recharge a flagging spirit8. dismiss the idea 18. recapture one's childhood9. bury the dead 19. interrogate the suspect10. announce/declare bankruptcy 20. disconnect the power2.Give appropriate nouns or verbs that can form possible collocations.Give nouns1. a report/an opinion/an order / a warning/a new stock/new stamps2. a missile/a satellite/a campaign3. the boat/the train/the bus/the chance/the point/one's friend/a few classes/the first part of the lecture4. the number/the amount/the size/the weight/consumption/price/cost5. time/money/life/space/energy/face/one's skin/sb a lot of trouble6. the sale of drugs/land use/private property/private schools/small businessmen7. the law/free speech/the rules/the contract/the agreement/the principle/human rights/the no-fly zone8. the table/the stage/the goal/the task/the record/the standard/the rule9. curiosity/interest/excitement/memories/fears/anger/hatredGive verbs1. have/develop/form/change/break/kick2. speak/change/read/slip/keep/close/cross3. have/lose/find/ask/block/mend (Note: With "mend," we have to say “mend one’s ways”)4.discuss/raise/address/confuse/confront/tackle/explore(Note:With “make,” we have to say "make sth an issue" or "make an issue of sth.")3.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the appropriate words listed below.1. resign，resignation, cleared2, utterly, cleared, amounted3. resign, clearly, amount4. resign, mind, amount5. mind, utterly, mind, have amounted, clear up6. utter, mind, clearly, mind7.amount, utter, cleared4.Replace the italicized parts with appropriate words or expressions from the text.1. unthinkable: inconceivableput this unrealistic dream out of our minds: dismiss this idea2. long ago: way backhave lost contact: have been completely out of 'touch3. every now and then: t ime and again/from time to time/at timesas he had done all his life: out of habit4. how: the waywatch over: hover over5. calls a spade a spade: tells people what's tin his mindit is not always wise: it is not a good policy6.knew so little:was so ill-informedsecret plan: schemeadmit it: accept the inevitable7.talk to me and cheer me up: give me a pep talk and recharge my flagging spiritslook on the bright side: look for the silver liningthink of the good things in my life: count my blessings8. admit: confessalso make this mistake: a m also guilty of thisclearly: transparently9.seldom: rarelyrouses my interest: s tirs my curiosityfind out how they think nowadays:enter the current orbits of their minds 10.while: whereashas little interest in: is indifferent togeneration gap: disconnection between generations5.Choose the appropriate words or expressions in the given context .1. preside over, out of / in2. with, in/about3. dropped, in4. on, capable5. on the increase, upon6. in, of, to7. Instead of, on, way/vein8. by, with, for, free9. of, on10. impossible, him11. in advance, blow up6.Translate the following sentences into English.1. It is an utter waste of money and precious land resources. They must be out of their minds to turn such fertile farmland into golf courts for a fewrich people.2. lt's utterly impossible to have complete safety with nuclear waste. Sooner or later some problem will occur. So unless we are ready to accept the inevitable, we must not rush to a decision.3. She was under severe attack throughout the meeting, but she did not utter a word. She had decided to hand in her resignation right away.4. Many people are lured to go after fancy titles out of vanity, and I am also guilty of this.5. As we were warned in advance, the inflation rate in the first quarter of this year was still on the rise. This amounted to a drop in people's income. But every cloud has its silver lining. Consumption was also on the rise.6. Keep in mind that we may be able to prevent young people from speaking their mind, but we can never succeed in making them stop thinking.7. Anybody in his right mind knows that we need both freedom anddiscipline. We either have both or neither. Therefore students cannot have their way unconditionally.8. She warned those countries in advance way back in the 1990s that if they did not get rid of their economic bubbles, their economies would face a hard landing.9. What I have in mind is to buy a house in the suburbs as I loathe the heavy pollution as well as the hustle and bustle of the big city. If because of this I cannot go shopping in Wangfujing every Sunday, that's just too bad.10. Many people there seem to be indifferent to the coming election. Right now they just hope the dark clouds of war will clear away so that they can live in peace.Grammar1 Learn about absolute construction.1 Classify the underlined absolute construction into categories on the basis of grammatical form.Category 1:5, 9Category 3: 2, 4Category 2: 1，6, 10Category 4: 3, 7, 82 Combine the sentences by using absolute construction.1. The old man dozed in his armchair, his chin on his chest,and his glasses on his lap.2. Jane cycled through the storm, her shoulders bent low, and her hair streaming in the wind.3. The little boy laughed, his eyes flashing with mischief.4. On New Year's Eve, our apartment was filled with a holiday atmosphere: (with) scrolls put on the door, the living room decorated with lanterns, and a great variety of food being prepared in the kitchen.5. Pistols in hands, the police officers dashed into the criminal's hiding place.6. With the last bus gone, we had to walk home.7. We waited for hours in bitter cold, o ur teeth chattering.8. (With) The three-year civil war over, the nation was ready to embarkon a program of economic reform.9. The traffic inched along, horns honking, police officers blowing their whistles.10. The legendary police detective appeared in the doorway, his hat pulled low over his face, his narrow eyes sweeping the room for any sign of trouble.2 Translate the sentences using absolute construction.1. She walked right past me, nose in the air.2. With the wind howling, the rain beating against the windows, I didn't have a wink of sleep last night.3. The sentry kept watch on the bridge, gun in hand.4. The soldiers left, the house and courtyard cleaned up, the water jars full.5. The new republic ultimately triumphed, with the rebellion put down, major enemies wiped out, and peace and order established i n the country.6. A storm brewing, t he construction workers decided to call it a day.7. Their three-month training completed,the dogs embarked on the mission of guiding, protecting, and aiding blind people.8. The fire caused heavy casualties,twenty-four people killed and several injured.9. Night having fallen and the Trojans asleep, t he Greek soldiers crept out of the wooden horse.10. Autumn is beautiful, the corn ripe, apples hanging from the trees, and everything red or yellow, or brown.3.Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.A note on the parenthetical clauses: They are a clause that is inserted in。
Unit EightIntercultural Communication Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1. Listed in the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▇Answers:1) proof2) slice3) were delayed4) rejected5) abroad6) dictate7) splashes8) tender9) burst10) flavor11) transmitted12) tremendous13) slippery14) transplanted2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▇Answer:1) a fish out of water2) from head to toe3) orient myself to4) as such5) on the … side6) by means of7) build up8) win … over9) identify themselves with10) get over11) enter into12) opening up13) resulted from14) held our breath▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following confusable words and fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the proper words. Be sure to use them in their proper forms.▇Answers for reference:1) charged2) condemn3) scold4) blame5) accused6) condemned7) blames8) criticized2. The prefixes super- and ultra- mean “extremely, above, etc.” Study the box below and then do the exercise.Now fill in each blank with a word from the box below. Change the form where necessary. Consult a dictionary if necessary.▇Answers:1) ultraclean2) superstructure3) supersonic4) superheroes5) superstar6) ultra-stylish7) ultraconservative8) ultravioletGrammar in Context1. Study the following sentences containing double negation:Now rewrite the following statements using double negation after the examples.▇Answers:1) The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence.2) Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help.3) There’s nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime.4) You can’t search my house without a warrant.5) A life lived without dreams can’t be as rich and rewarding as life can be.6) The American West is a region where farming is impossible/not possible without irrigation.2. Examine the structure “The more…, the more…” in the following sentences.Now translate the following sentences into English.▇Answers for reference:1) The longer I am at this job, the happier I am.2) The more risky it is, the more I like it.3) The sooner you start, the earlier / sooner you’ll finish it.4) The more people you know, the less time you’ll spend with them.5) The more you learn, the less you find you know.Cloze▆Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given.▆ Answers:(1) transplanted(2) cues(3) tendency(4) frustration(5) attributed(6) cures(7) capacity(8) built up(9) by means of(10) due to(11) orient … to(12) get over(13) opens up(14) In additionTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▇Answers for reference:1) As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will habitually urge our guests to help themselvesto more dishes on the table.2) When you move to a new land, you can / may orient yourself to the local culture by meansof listening to what people say and observing how they act.3) Familiarity with the environment gives a person a sense of security; so people have thetendency to resist or avoid new situations, consciously or unconsciously.4) Prejudice against or even hostility towards people from a certain region often results fromthe fact that we know very little about them /we know virtually nothing about them.5) I believe it is polite to decline directly, while my parents seldom say “No”so as not toembarrass others.6) There are two means to build up knowledge: to get it personally or by second-handexperience. Reading, which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience.2.Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions in the box below.▇Answers for reference:Once transplanted abroad, we will feel anxious and uneasy and even unable to deal with daily routines. As a matter of fact, these “symptoms” result from losing our familiar environment. Such a feeling of confusion and anxiety is referred to as “culture shock”. We used to feel free, easy and happy with a life style built up over so many years. Now, to get over a series of bad feelings caused by culture shock, we must act positively/take a positive attitude. First, ask ourselves to be broad-minded: accepting all cultural differences as normal. Then, try to orient ourselves to the new surroundings. The local culture will become more understandable if we actively participate in community activities. As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. Stepping into a new country means opening up a new world. Though it takes time for the feeling of “a fish out of water”to fade/disappear, yet, believe me, you’ll regain confidence and happiness in the end.Theme-Related Writing■Do either of the following two tasks after class.1.Cultural differences may cause problems in intercultural communication. However, we should also be aware of the advantages brought about by cultural differences. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of cultural differences and write an essay entitled“My Views onCultural Differences”. The following outline may be of some help:1) Cultural differences have more advantages than disadvantages:— Cultural differences make the world colorful and delightful;— Cultural differences enrich the civilization of mankind;— Cultural differences give each culture its unique identity.2) Your attitude to cultural differences:— Be more tolerant to other cultures;— People of different cultures should learn to live together and join hands in making the world a harmonious place to live in.▆ Sample essay 1:My Views on Cultural DifferencesIn my opinion, cultural differences have more advantages than disadvantages. First of all, it is cultural differences that make our world so colorful. If you go to a foreign country, you will be impressed not only by its physical environment but also by its cultural environment — its foods, clothes, customs, social practices, etc. Differences between cultures have always been a source of joy and inspiration.Secondly, differences in culture enrich human civilization. Different cultures compete with as well as learn from each other. Roman culture was modeled on Greek culture, which had once borrowed a lot from Egyptian culture. American culture is also a blend of many different cultures.Thirdly, differences in culture give each culture its unique identity. A culture is usually seen in relation to other cultures. Chinese culture distinguishes itself from others by its peculiar concepts and things that can hardly be found elsewhere.Of course, cultural differences may cause conflicts and misunderstandings. But interdependence, common interests and mutual goals of different nations always outweigh differences in culture. Nations with different cultures should learn from each other and live peacefully together. To this end, we should be more tolerant to other cultures while preserving, protecting and developing our own. (202 words)2. In the face of globalization (全球化), we tend to be more and more tolerant towards other cultures. As a result, the influence of Western culture is strongly felt in our everyday life today. Write an essay entitled “My Views on the Influence of Western Culture”. Your essay should at least include the following two aspects:1) Instances showing the influence of Western culture;2) Your attitude towards Western culture.▇ Sample essay 2:My Views on the Influence of Western CultureOn weekends, I gather with my friends at MacDonald’s or KFC. We eat fried chicken, drink Coco-cola and talk about the latest release of Hollywood movies. We read foreign novels, listen to Western music and watch NBA. We admire Bill Gates, George Michael and Princess Diana. We dress ourselves in the Western style and celebrate Christmas and Valentine’s Day. Our way of life has thus changed. Indeed, the influence of Western culture is strongly felt in our everyday life.This influence in turn prepares us well to blend into the modern world and participate in the world market competition. But we should not ignore its side effects. Our national culture may gradually lose its ground if our attention is focused only upon Western culture. In following the trend of globalization we should maintain our own cultural identity, cherish our cultural tradition and develop our own culture. What Mahatma Gandhi once said can best sum up my views on the influence of Western culture: “I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.”(211 words)。
大学英语阅读教程答案(Unit1-8)《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本课后练习答案)第二册UNIT ONEThe Pleasure of LearningKey to the ExercisesI. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6.DII. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. TIII. 1.关于太多的人来讲,学习大概是自个儿的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役.2.但是,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神别仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验.3.对一具人来讲,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人差不多吃尽苦头.IV.1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learningfrom books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time.2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life.Key to the reading—skill Exercises1. Students have improved SAT scores.2. Teenagers planned patrols3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers.4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world.6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book.2.Coping with Santa ClausKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. BII. . 1. 朱莉让我们这样为难,我的确感到生气.竟然圣诞老人别存在的事实别是从同学那儿得知的吗2.我给她说述了情况的通过,尽可能使它听起来滑稽有味,希翼她别要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始以为的"圣诞老人咨询题"上是这样拙劣.3.我能够看出,他正努力在想一种方法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来别太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢.4.情况就如此结束了.对圣诞老人别存在的事实可怜了片刻只后,日子又恢复了正常.III.1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat. Traditionally,young children in many countries are told that he brings them Christmas presents. Some legend goes like this: Santa lives in northern Europe. There are various versions of the story, and some wonderful movies, too.2. (Answers may vary, depending on your understanding.)3. On the shoulders of a heroKey to the ExercisesI . 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. DII. 1.他一去世,我自认为会长生别老的幻觉立刻就破灭了.2.往后的岁月中,每当我默默期盼爸爸的信任支持时,总会别出预料遇到一副怀疑的表情.3.如今回想起来,他是有意别让我们懂,免得扫了大伙儿的兴.4.铃起沉重的盒子,我猛然醒悟到,别管爸爸讲的话听上去多么消极泄气,也抹杀别了他在我离开后用一张张剪报填满盒子的实际行动.III (omitted)UNIT TWO4. Not poor , just brokeKey to the ExercisesI . 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. CII.1. collect herself ---If you collect yourself or your thought , you make an effort to calm yourself or prepare yourself mentally . 镇定下来collect--- get control of one’s feelings and thoughts, especially after shock, surprise or laughter.2. Flash that big smile ---If you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them . (脸上)露出笑容flash---show something for a short time3. Make deals with the rats 与老鼠做交易(即有意留东西给老鼠吃) make deal with: reach an agreement for mutual benefit4. Stand for welfare cheaters 容忍骗取福利的人stand for – endure or tolerate5. Rest her mind 感到宽慰rest: relax6. Poke around the house –if you poke around forsomething, you search for it, usually by moving lots of objects around. 四处搜索poke: search for something.III. 1. 贫穷是人们无法摆脱的一种心境,而没钞票不过一种临时的状况.2.她教导我们讲,人们有两种摆脱日子困境的方法―笑或者哭. 笑带来更多的希翼.3.我们会站在后门廊里分发食物给邻居,宛然我们在负责救济穷苦人,然后我们也会收下他们带来作为交换的食物.4.当时的情景仍历历在目,这个社会福利工作者在房子里四处搜索,冰冷的亚麻油毡地毯上的煤灰使她别由得皱起鼻子,而看到小虫在洗涤槽的脏盘子里爬来爬去的时候她就禁别住摇了摇头.IV. (Omitted)Key to the Reading-Skill Exercises1. The view of New York from the bridge was beautiful.2. When I was an adolescent, I never had the best jobs; neither did I have the worst jobs.3. Marijuana use is associated with abnormal behavior.5. Blacks return to Africa but us is homeI. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. BII.1. They are mostly educated, skilled and middle-class, suchas doctors teachers, diplomats, businessmen, journalists, technical experts, etc.2. Africans think the black Americans are Americans first, blacks second.3. he told them to be well prepared to face problems in Africa. They must be determined to help the black people in Africa.4. he says that the decaying cities like Kinshasa and Dares Salaam seem to be future cities of Africa，while the developed cities like Johannesburg and Salisbury are becoming the past. He believes that the newly independent African countries will be the future of Africa.5. she recalled her experiences growing up in a black, middle-class community in WashingtonD.C., how she was discriminated , and how she excelled over white students at school.6. it means that the black Americans who did go to Africa understood that they should have a correct attitude in helping their black brothers in Africa.III (Omitted)6. Raymond Carver, MentorI. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. BII1. 兴许自多纳·巴特米在20世纪60年代开始发表作品以来，还没有哪位作家在文学界引起过那么多议论。
Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What should you do when you are traveling abroad according to the speaker?A) Get to know about the manners of the foreign country.B) Try to remember your own manners.C) Read some books about the manners of that country.D) Observe closely the foreigners’ manners.2) How do Americans feel when Chinese point to the nose to ind icate “me”?A) They think it strange. B) They feel it funny.C) They find it amazing. D) They feel puzzled.3) Who never bothers to use two hands to give or receive a gift?A) Chinese. B) Bulgarians.C) Indians. D) Americans.4) To Indians, what is the left hand used for?A) Serving dishes. B) Passing food at table.C) Washing themselves. D) Showing disagreement.5) What does the passage mainly tell us?A) It is necessary to adapt to different cultures.B) Cultural misunderstanding is common today.C) Cultural differences are a worthy topic to study.D) People of different cultures may have different manners.Task Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.1) When Chinese stamp their feet to show anger , Americans interpret this as showing impatience . Chinese clap for themselves after a speech. Americans may see this as being immodest .2) Americans may pat other adults on the head to show sympathy, affection, or encouragement. This behavior could insult Chinese.3) A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there think it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.4) Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at the other to show that he is disagreeing. But in many other parts of India a rotating movement of the head is to show agreement .5) In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander.Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) What causes culture shock according to the author?Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing the familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs and symbols include all the countless ways and means we resort to for daily survival.2) How does an individual feel when he or she enters a strange culture?Like a fish out of water, he or she feels frustrated and anxious.3) How do people react to the frustration and anxiety caused by culture shock? At first they may reject the environment which causes the discomfort, thinking that the ways of the host country are bad because they make them feel bad. And then they may enter another phase of culture shock, which is called “regression”. They start missing their home country and the home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. All the difficulties and problems back home are forgotten and only the good things are remembered.4) What is the relationship between culture and the individual?The individual lives not only in a physical environment but also in a cultural environment. The individual must learn the culture he or she is born into because he or she is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. Once learned, culture becomes a way of life.5) What is ethnocentrism and what characterizes it?Ethnocentrism is a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. People with this attitude identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark that is rude to the individual as well as to the race or the nation. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.6) What can we do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible?To get over culture shock as quickly as possible, we have to get to know the people of the host country. For this purpose, we must, first of all, learn its language. When we are able to talk with the natives of the host country, we will be confident and a whole new world of cultural meanings will open up for us. Then, we must try to find out the value and interest pattern of the native people. In this way, we can find it quite easy to get people to talk to us and be interested in us. Thirdly, we can join the activities of the people, whether it is a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1–3 We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Two 4–6 Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other people’s cultural background and our l ack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment.Three 7–9 To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1. We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. (Para. 1)People working under the same conditions may contract occupational diseases owing to the dangers associated with the work. More broadly and figuratively,as here, the phrase “occupational disease” can be applied to the unpleasant consequences associated with any activity.2. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. (Para. 2)These familiar cues can exactly tell us what to do and how to do things, which helps us deal successfully with the various situations we encounter. Without these numerous cues, we cannot enjoy peace of mind or efficiency in work and life.3. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. (Para. 3)When you step into a new culture, you tend to feel that your own culture back home is the best; it is only after you return to your homeland that you will find the culture of your own nation or race is by no means perfect.4. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. (Para. 4) Culture develops and accumulates through a long but hardly noticeable process.5. It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups. (Para. 5)People tend to regard their own culture and lifestyles as the best; meanwhile, they tend to regard the behavior of an individual from another culture as apermanent trait of his or her national group. Accordingly, an awareness of this fact should help us deal with a new culture more successfully.6. But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you. (Para. 7)Language is the principal symbol system of communication. Knowing the language of the host country is a principal means by which we can settle down comfortably and confidently in a new culture.Task Three Voicing Your ViewsA Chinese marketing manager in Beijing was sent to Los Angeles for a two-year sales promotion. It should have been a thrilling experience but, like a fish out of water, he felt very uncomfortable soon after he got there. Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the challenges he might have possibly met and the symptoms of his discomfort. And then give him some suggestions so that he could get over culture shock as quickly as possible.Write down your outlines first and then present your ideas to the whole class.ChallengesThe following tips may be of some help.1. He cannot communicate well;2. He is not familiar with the transportation system;3. He does not know how to make purchases;4. He cannot adapt to the food;5. He finds difficulties in seeing a doctor;6. He does not know how to open a bank account, etc.Symptoms1. anxiety, frustration, depression, and resentment;2. insomnia, loneliness, and homesickness;3. rejection of the new environment and unwillingness to interact with others;4. lack of confidence; feelings of insecurity or helplessness;5. compulsive eating and drinking, etc.Suggestions1. He should learn English well;2. He should learn about the gestures, facial expressions, customs, values, and beliefsof the American people;3. He should maintain contact with Chinese people for a sense of belonging;4. He should participate in community activities to get familiar with the Americanculture;5. He should value relationships at work to get support;6. He should follow his ambition and continue his plan for the future, etc.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Put down the right word from Text B in the space provided according to the given definition. The first letter of each word is already given.Example: f orgettable: not important or good enough to be remembered1) s lice: cut into thin flat pieces2) t ender: easy to bite through; soft3) p roof: facts, information, documents, etc., that prove sth.4) f uneral: a ceremony, usu. religious, of burying or burning a dead person5) p reserve: prepare (food) for being kept for a long time by some special treatment6) f amiliarity: the freedom of behaviour usu. only expected in the most friendly relations7) p roclaim: make (esp. news of national importance) known publicly, esp. using speech rather than writing8) i ngredient: any of the things that are formed into a mixture when making sth., esp. in cooking2 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from Text B. Both the explanation and the number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears are given in brackets. Be sure to use the proper form.Example:She’s against the idea, but I’m sure I can win her over .(gain the support of, often by persuading: Para. 1)1) I like the house but I think the price is a bit on the high side .(rather; too: Para. 6)2) Remember to hold your breath when you dive into the water.(stop breathing for a short time: Para. 7)3) Be careful. The road is icy, wet, and slippery .(difficult to stand on without slipping: Para. 15)4) Half drunk, Michael got up and helped ... to some more brandy.(serve oneself with food, drink, etc.: Para. 16)5) I invited her to join us, but she declined .(refuse (a request or offer), usu. politely: Para. 17)6) You can improve the flavor of the sauce by adding a little red wine.(the quality of tasting good: Para. 20)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1) Why did the narrator ask her boyfriend to praise her mother’s cooking? Because her mother was proud of her skill of cooking. By asking her boyfriend to praise her mother’s cooking the narrator hoped that he would win her mother’s favor.2) What was her mother’s first impression of Rich?He looked rather plain with too many freckles across his nose.3) What mistakes did Rich make at the dinner table?At dinner he drank two full glasses of the French wine he had brought while everybody else had a half-inch “just for taste.” He did not know how to use chopsticks and how to show appreciation for the food the mother cooked. He ate big portions of the dish he liked, instead of taking only a polite spoonful. He declined the tender and expensive new greens the narrator’s mother had carefully prepared. What is worse, he spoiled the flavor of the mother’s famous dish by pouring too much soy sauce into it.4) Why did the narrator shudder when she remembered how Rich parted with her parents?When he shook hands with her parents, Rich showed that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients and he addressed them by their first names, which sounded quite impolite. Nobody except a few older family friends, had ever called them by their first names.5) What did Rich think of the evening?He thought it was good and that everything had gone well that night. He was expecting to see the narrator’s parents again.6) Why didn’t the narrator tell her mother that she was getting married? Because at every possible moment when she was alone with her mother, her mother would be voicing her dissatisfaction with Rich. So the narrator did not have a chance — not even the courage — to tell her mother about her marriage plan.7) Why couldn’t Rich understand the narrator’s mother?It was the cultural differences that caused their misunderstanding. Rich did not know much about Chinese table manners and he took others’ words literally.2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1) She can only cook looking at a recipe. (Para. 4)She is poor at cooking and could not cook creatively; no one would enjoy the dishes she cooked.2) Rich obviously had had a different opinion on how the evening had gone. (Para. 23)Rich didn’t realize at all how serious his mistakes were in my parents’ eyes. Instead, he thought what he had done was proper in the situation.3) When we got home that night, I was still shuddering, remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents’ hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients. (Para. 23)He did not realize that he had shaken my parents’ hands in a way that had irritated them.4) How long d oes it take to say, Mom, Dad, I’m getting married? (Para. 26)It is extremely easy to tell them that you are getting married.Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.Text A abroad dictate reject transmit transplant tremendousText B burst delay flavor proof slice slippery splash tender1) Do you have any proof that it was Jeremy who stole the bike?2) Could you slice a piece of cake for me? I want to taste it.3) A large number of trains were delayed because of bad weather conditions.4) Laura rejected all her parents’ offers of financial help and started to make an independent living.5) The company has increased its share of the market both at home and abroad .6) The tennis club rules dictate that suitable tennis shoes must be worn on the courts.7) I’m afraid I’d have to throw away my T-shirt because there are splashes of paint on it.8) To make the meat tender enough for my grandmother, I cooked it for a long time.9) It has been raining for a whole week and the dam is likely to burst under the heavy weight of water.10) The food we had last night had no flavor at all; perhaps we should go to another restaurant next time.11) Some diseases are transmitted from parents to children; they are called hereditary diseases.12) My uncle has spent a tremendous amount of money on that house — much greater than he had expected.13) The stepping-stones (踏脚石) look really slippery ; I don’t think I will be able to get across the stream without getting wet.14) Adults are often less flexible (随遇而安的), so they need more time to adapt themselves to the new surroundings when they are transplanted to another place.2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.Text A a fish out of water as such build up by means of enter into get over identify oneself with open up orient oneself to result fromText B from head to toe hold one’s breath on the … side win over1) I’m afraid I shall be like a fish out of water if I live abroad.2) It’s a traditional Chinese custom for a bride (新娘) to be dressed in red from head to toe .3) Everything here is new to me; I need some time to orient myself to the new surroundings.4) He is a child, and must be treated as such ; it’s unreasonable to treat him like an adult.5) This hat is a bit on the small side for me. Would you please show me a bigger one?6) While traveling in Italy I made myself understood mainly by means of sign language.7) Talk to someone or a professional about your problems. Don’t let your depression build up .8) He disagrees at the moment, but I’m sure we can win him over to our point of view.9) They are reluctant to identify themselves with any organizations because they hate to get involved in any public affairs.10) The doctor told me it was only a stomach upset, not food poisoning, and I would get over it in a day or two.11) They refuse to enter into any discussion on this matter; therefore the problem can’t be solved for the time being.12) Soon after she settled down in the city she realized that a completely new life was opening up before her.13) He explained that his bad temper resulted from his lack of sleep; he had been working for three days and nights without any rest.14) Only two out of the twenty applicants could get the jobs offered; we all held our breath while waiting for the results to be announced.Increasing Your Word Power1 Study the following confusable words and fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the proper words. Be sure to use them in their proper forms.accusecharge (sb.) with doing wrong or breaking the law 指责，谴责；控告，告发accuse sb. of (doing) sth.He was accused of robbery.blameconsider (sb. or sth.) responsible for (sth. bad) 责怪，怪罪，把…归咎于blame sb.blame sth. on sb.blame sb. for (doing) sth.be to blame for (doing) sth.1. Don’t blame me if it doesn’t work—it’s not my fault.2. She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.3. She blamed him for the failure of their marriage.4. Which driver was to blame for the accident?chargebring an esp. criminalcharge against / state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime; accuse 控告；指控charge sb. with (doing) sth.He was charged with stealing the jewels.condemnexpress very strong disapproval of (sb. or sth.) 谴责，强烈指责condemn sb. / sth. as1. Many people would condemn violence of any sort.2. The law has been condemned by its opponents as an attack on personal liberty.criticizejudge with disapproval; point out the faults of 批评；指责criticize sb. for (doing) sth.The report strongly criticizes the police for failing to deal with this problem.scoldspeak angrily and complainingly to (sb. who has done sth. wrong) 责骂；斥责scold sb. for (doing) sth.Did you scold her for breaking the window?1) She is charged with murdering her husband.2) We love peace and we strongly condemn war.3) If I walk in wearing muddy boots, Dad will scold me.4) The children were not to blame for the accident. It was not their fault.5) The man had been accused of kidnapping (绑架) a movie star and was found guilty in court.6) The terrorist action was condemned as an act of cruelty and barbarism (野蛮).7) Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother since she never encourages him.8) Doctors criticized the government for failing to invest enough in the health care.2 The prefixes super(-) and ultra(-) mean “extremely, above, etc.” Study the box below and then do the exercise.super(-)1) extremely; more, larger, greater, or more powerful than usual 超，过(于)e.g. superpower 超级大国supernatural 超自然的2) above; over 上；上方e.g. superstructure 上层建筑supervise 监管ultra(-)1) infml very; extremely〖非正式〗极(度)e.g. ultracautious 极其小心的ultramodern 超现代的2) tech above in a range; beyond〖术语〗超(过)e.g. ultrasound 超声波ultrahigh frequency (=UHF) 超高频Now fill in each blank with a word from the box below. Change the form where necessary. Consult a dictionary if necessary.superhero supersonic superstar superstructure ultraconservative ultraclean ultra-stylish ultraviolet1) To protect our environment, we should use ultraclean fuels.2) It is essential to rebuild the superstructure of a modern market economy.3) Developing a(n) supersonic aircraft is quite an accomplishment in the history of aviation (航空).4) Children, or rather, people of all ages, are often fascinated by superheroes in books and movies.5) She realized that to become a pop superstar she still has a lot to learn and she must train hard.6) This is a(n) ultra-stylish modern dining table, combining tapered (逐渐变细的) wooden legs with a glass top.7) David was a(n) ultraconservative manager and the company ceased to make progress when he was presiding over it.8) The ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn and even skin cancer; you should take necessary precautions before heading out into the scorching sun.Grammar in Context1 Study the following sentences containing double negation.1) It is not uncommon to get into a mode where you think, “If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.” (Para. 2, Text B, Unit 6) 2) But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication. (Para. 7, Text A, Unit 6)Now rewrite the following statements using double negation after the examples.Examples:1. It is common to get into a mode where you think, “If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.”It is not uncommon to get into a mode where you think, “If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.”2. But this you can do with some success only by knowing the language…But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language…3. Einstein is so famous that everyone knows him.Einstein is so famous that there is nobody who does not know him.1) The announcement was followed by an expected silence.The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence.2) Exhausted and hungry, she could only walk with my help.Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help.3) Everyone makes some mistakes in his lifetime.There’s nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime.4) You must have a warrant (搜查令) before you can search my house.You can’t search my house without a warrant.5) Only a life lived with dreams can be as rich and rewarding as life can be.A life lived without dreams can’t be as rich and rewarding as life can be.6) The American West is a region where farming is possible only with irrigation (灌溉).The American West is a region where farming is impossible / not possible without irrigation.2 Examine the structure The more …, the more … in the following sentences.1) And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear. (Text A, Para.6)2) The better tool you have, the easier the job will be.Now translate the following sentences into English.1) 这工作我越做越开心。
21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第三册) u n i t1-8课文翻译及课后习题答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One121世纪大学实用英语综合教程（第三册）教材Unit 1~8题后答案Unit 1 第一单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. curious2. affects3. emergency4. locked5. Relatively6. complaining7. protested8. react9. mood 10. unique 11. consciousness 12. surgery6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. the bottom line2. thanks to3. reflect on4. had lost touch5. went through6. followed around7. looking on8. woke up9. take action 10. after all10. 翻译Translate the following sentences into English.1. Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work, I asked him to look on the bright side.2. The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up at gunpoint in a nearby building.3. When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation, instead of correcting them as soon as possible, Mary protested that it was not her fault.4. Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues, but he didn’t get it.5. Thanks to his positive attitude, Jack took action and saved his own life before he lostconsciousness in the emergency room.6. When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past, I have to say that success comes from hard work. That’s the bottom line.Unit 2第二单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. intense2. concept3. committed4. deserve5. selfish6. compromise7. matters8. opponent9. influence 10. effort 11. shortcuts 12. evidence6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. work at2. According to3. run through4. in sight5. live with6. a variety of7. When it comes to8. live up to10. 翻译 Translate the following sentences into English.1. Take Michael Jordan, it’s easy for people to see his achievements while neglect the price of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on top.2. Right in the first English class, our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the basic building blocks of the language, new words must be memorized; any other shortcut is fool’s gold.3. Thousands of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to theconstru ction of America’s first transcontinental railroad, and their intense efforts deserve a page in American history.4. When it comes to training, the coach has no problem living with all sorts of complaints of the players but he never compromises with any of them.5. Traditional ethics seem especially important in some situations where the margin between right and wrong is as thin as an eggshell.6. As competition intensifies, our opponents and we are all working hard to live up to higher service standards.Unit 3第三单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. withdraw2. opposite3. consult4. seeking5. chief6. frustrated7. gather8. suggestions 9. numerous 10. crucial 11. approval 12. yield6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. give up on2. kicked out3. at the end of my rope4. count!-out5. provide!-wit6. that is7. on the brink of8. moved forward10. 翻译Translate the following sentences into English.1. The health report stresses the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in our diet.2. I spent a whole week gathering the courage to say no to their request.3. These journeys made him realize to the fullest extent that many of the wor ld’s species were on the brink of extinction.4. Approval of the patient’s family should be sought before doctors carry out such operations.5. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.6. We gave up on the missing mountain climber after he had been missing for two weeks.Unit 4第四单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. mankind2. determination3. burden4. define5. financial6. resources7. research 8. cure 9. evil 10. hardship 11. suicide 12. suffered6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. broke down2. took!-for granted3. look!-in the ey e4. couldn’t help but respect5. crying over6. no doubt7. dressing up8. slipped into9. 翻译 Translate the following sentences into English.1. He was no doubt a great hero so people couldn’t help but cry over his death.2. The actor used his celebrity status to fund research that might someday yield a cure for AIDS.3. The disabled man once considered suicide to relieve his family of the heavy burden.4. Children dress up as Superman to capture adults’ attention.5. It wasn’t until I matured that I realized I shouldn’t be afraid to look adversity and hardship in the eye.6. He could have easily stayed at home, for he had plenty of financial resources to keep him from worrying about medical bills..Unit 5第五单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. discharged2. anger3. latter4. relationship5. engaged6. backgrounds7. miserable 8. invitation 9. match 10. folded 11. overseas 12. propose6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. broke down2. from time to time3. From the very beginning4. knocked down5. agreed to6. talk!-round7. due to8. give in9. in silence 10. go abroad10. 翻译 Translate the following sentences into English.1. I just received a email in which Jessica expressed her regret of ending the relationship with her beloved boyfriend.2. She broke down at the loss of her family, and the impact of this miserable incident remained for the rest of her life.3. Both my parents object to my going abroad to further my studies. I wonder if I should give in or try to talk them round.4. Edgar was not good with words, so whenever Jessica vented her anger on him, he only endured it in silence.5. The cheerful background music matches his mood very well, for he’s just got engaged to his beloved girlfriend.6. From time to time the system would utter a piercing noise indicating its inability to run properly.Unit 6第六单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. rejected2. properly3. judgment4. employer5. lack6. feedback7. qualified8. suitable 9. candidate 10. confident 11. potential 12. punctual6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. cope with2. miss out3. applied for4. keep!-in mind5. for a bit6. reflecting on7. fill out8. get back9. a variety of 10. To our amazement10. 翻译Translate the following sentences into English.1. Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job, you may still be rejected.2. You should learn to cope with difficult situation. And even more important, don’t look to others for help.3. To my shock/amazement, he was not only involved in a variety of extracurricular activities but also had applied for a part-time job.4. Keep in mind that one more failure is one step closer to success.5. Don’t dwell on the reasons that are out of your control, because this job doesn’t entirely suit you and your chances are slim.6. Although you may not always like to hear negative feedback, whateve r you do, don’t burn your bridges.Unit 7第七单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. tuition2. anxiety3. horrors4. switched5. quarter6. steady7. roughly8. prospects 9. disorder 10. represent 11. apparent 12. population6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. were booked up2. not getting anywhere3. ups and downs4. burst out5. get along with6. broke up with7. in advance8. had no choice9. In spite of 10. take your own life10. 翻译Translate the following sentences into English.1. The students who seek psychological counseling represent only the tip of the iceberg. Most students endure the stress in silence.2. The horror movie overwhelmed him so much that he began to suffer from a sleeping disorder, even insomnia.3. Lisa had always been a straight-A student until her junior year, when she had to hold down two part-time jobs to pay her tuition.4. In spite of the result of the aptitude test, John decided to switch his major from accounting to psychology.5. He would rather remain a sales clerk, apparently because he prefersa steady life to a life full of ups and downs.6. The computer has broken down on more than one occasion. Isn’t that enough for professional helpUnit 8第八单元教材题后答案5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. chemical2. soil3. disturb4. mixture5. substance6. ruin7. consumers8. stable9. pollution 10. supplies 11. decay 12. main6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.1. leaked out2. due to3. are known as4. depend on5. giving off6. make up7. live on 8. have used up10. 翻译 Translate the following sentences into English.1. With the construction of the nuclear power plant, this city now doesn’t have to worry about its own electricity supply. Instead, it can supply electricity to other cities nearby.2. These vegetables do not decay when kept at a relatively stable low temperature.3. This city is known as the financial center of the country. The development of its economy depends heavily on banking and foreign trade.4. This plant only lives on the top of certain high mountains and gives off a very sweet smell in spring.5. The main cause of this area’s water pollution i the chemical substance that leaks out of a paper mill by the river bank.6. This kind of litter is made up of a mixture of chemical waste. It has poisoned the soil, ruining it completely.。
新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案（第3版）新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案(第3版)导语：《新视野大学英语》同步提供每级教材的试题库与测试工具、提供试题选择和增删功能，下面YJBYS店铺分享新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案(第3版)，欢迎参考!新视野大学英语(第3版)第三册Unit8答案【Section A】VocabularyIII.1. mount2. resembles3. implication4. prohibits5. deliberate6. debate7. classified8. guidelines9. split 10. generatedExercises on Web course only:11. categories 12. breed 13. commission 14. draft 15. confusionIV.1. within reach2. fall into3. in terms of4. get around5. regardless of6. referred to7. What if8. in the first place9. concerned about 10. identical toExercises on Web course only:11. in the wake of 12. comparable to 13. puzzling overV.1. K2. E3. M4. O5. F6. H7. N8. A 9. I 10. BCollocationVI.1. duties2. emotions3. interests4. experience5. responsibility6. love7. characteristics8. memories9. information 10. beliefWordBuildingVII.1. transposition2. transatlantic3. transmigrants4. transformed5. transnational6. transoceanic7. transshipped8. transportedVIII.1. nonexistent2. non-stop3. non-art4. non-college5. non-productive6. non-profit7. non-fiction8. non-violentSentence StructureIX.1. What if I say no2. What if they don’t know3. What if we can’t finish it on time4. What if this happens to us someday5. What if he has lied to usX.1. The Bosnian peace talks are continuing in Geneva today with the new proposals at the top of the agenda.2. All of Southern Africa is suffering from a severe drought with Mozambique and Zimbabwe among the worse-hit countries.3. The Europe Summit in Paris is drawing to an end with the US in danger of being completely isolated.4. With the King in prison, the chief commander came to power and ruled the country.5. With stability itself under threat, the reforms deserve all the support they can get.TranslationXI.1. It sounds like a good idea, but what if it’s a trick?2. Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.3. He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.4. For Mary’s sake, I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.5. In theory it’s feasible to clone a child to harvest organs, but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.6. He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.XII.1. 你说你不会把时间浪费在约会上，但如果遇到吸引你的男子，你会怎么办呢?2. 为了帮助艾滋病患者，需要有新的措施，地方社团、非政府机构、政府和国际组织之间要建立密切的合作关系。
新视野大学英语第3版Unit8课后答案和翻译第1册导语：《新视野大学英语》教材在保持第一版优势的基础上,依据《大学英语课程教学要求》的精神及大学英语教学的发展方向,对整体结构和内容进行了全面完善和提高。
下面YJBYS店铺分享新视野大学英语第3版Unit8课后答案和翻译(第1册)，欢迎参考!新视野大学英语(第三版)第1册Unit 8答案【Section A】VocabularyIII1. sources2. stable3. process4. composed5. observing6. combination7. explosion8. existence9. occupied 10. creation IV.1. at2.in3.on4.for5.on6. between7. for8.with9.at 10.ofV.1.J2.L3.G4.M5.O6.A7.I8.B9.D 10.ESentence StructureVI.1. It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2. The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3. George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4. The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5. The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1. the more knowledge he will have2. the less he liked it3. the less you have to pay for it4. the more exciting it will be5. the greater progress you will makeTranslationIII.1. There are twenty universities in this city, some of which are world-famous.2. the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3. She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4. He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5. The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6. After several discussions between the members of the committee, a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1. 出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。
现代大学英语精读3unit8课后答案(精)我们只不过是人劳拉.施莱辛格Pre-class Work 1. Explain the following. 1 free will (Para. 1: the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled by God or fate 自意志 2 the product of causation (Para. 1: behavior is a response to external stimulation, and therefore is genes-determined. 某种原因造成的结果3 fateful night (Para. 9: the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚 4 honor his commitment (Para. 10: to do what he has committed to do to others; to do his duty; to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺 5 clause (Para. 20: a separate division of a written legaldocument with its own separate and complete meaning 条款 6 absorbing (Para. 26: interesting; enjoyable; gripping 吸引人的 2. Paraphrase. 1 Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2 As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations. This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3 The 3 C’s are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4 Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5 If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do; you should be brave enough to take risks;you should take continued action against difficulties; you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted. 6 Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup. 7 In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking. 8 Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens; happiness is a series of things that involved. Pleasure is a finishingpoint; happiness is a long process. Pleasure is something related to the real world and physical objects; happiness is something related to your spirit. Pleasure is something related to yourself; happiness is something related to others and the world.3. Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of\开\开门to open the door; 开口to open one,s mouth (or start to talk; 开火to open fire; 开刀to have an operation; 开发to open up... (or to develop; to exploit; 开工(of a factory, etc. to go into operation; 开花to blossom; 开会to have a meeting; 开胃to whet (or stimulate the appetite; 开心to feel happy; 开玩笑to crack ajoke (to make fun of 4. Learn rules of word-building. Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary. 1 Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1 devastation (2 exhilaration (3 conformity (4 procreation (5 invocation (6 sustenance (7 projection (8 derivation (9 criticism (10 restoration 2 Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1 to contort (2 to rationalize (3 to transgress (4 to condemn (5 to abort (6 to emphasize (7 to seduce (8 to gratify (9 todestroy (10 to indulge (11 to oblige (12 to motivate (13 to cause (14 to survive More Work on the Text II V ocabulary 1. Translate 1 into English. (1 to shape one’s mind (2 to honor one’s commitment (3 to sustain life (4 to raise a family (5 to make a judgment (6 to focus one’s attention (7 to devastate the country (8 to blame the weather (9 to avoid sacrifice (10 to demand justice (11 to criticize the theory (12 to condemn the war (13 to emphasize education (14 to acknowledge defeat (15 to sustain economic growth (16 to restore the building (17 to cause trouble (18 to resist the temptation 2 into Chinese. (1动物界(2某种原因造成的结果(3自意志` (4条件反射(5生物本能决定的(6自然选择(7高级动物;万物之灵(8适者生存(9固有欲望(10利他的行为(11社会地位(12一个关键的晚上(13正当的地位(14眼前一时痛快(15蛮力(16思想斗争(17良心不安;良心有愧(18对未经证实之事物的信仰(19合同的例外条款(20植物人的状态(21长期目标(22十分吸引人的电影(23全心全意和孩子相聚的时间(24价值观念体系 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1 Give synonyms. (1 example (2 lonely, alone (3 to look, to gaze (4 properly, appropriately (5 natural, inborn, instinctive (6 to gain, to obtain (7 deeply, extremely (8 to give up (9 idea, thought, theory, notion (10 mutual, shared (11 to shape, to form (12 fortress, love, emotional attachment (13 decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal (14 duty, responsibility (15 responsibility, obligation (16 honesty, virtue, uprightness (17 satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment (18 to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle (19 delighted, in high spirits (20 to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to (21 very great (22 damaging,very destructive, shocking 2 Give antonyms. (1 construction (2 former (3 outer (4 selfish (5 to deny (6 unsteady, shaky, unstable (7 physical, material, bodily (8 immeasurable (9 deep, in-depth, profound (10 imbalance (11 long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal (12 immoral, amoral (13 required, compulsory(7 the main verb in the present continuous tense (8 a passive gerund as prepositional object (9 a passive infinitive as object (10 a passive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially (11 the main verb; the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive (12 the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause (the subject 2. Complete the sentences. 1 By putting the verbs inthe right form. (1 quarreling (2 trying (3 dismissed (4 pick up (5 smoking (6 removed (7 to strike (8 happen (9 photographed (10 burning 2 With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below (some Words may be used twice.(1 smelt (2 kept (3 cut (4 considered (5 pushed, lying (6 dye, paint (7 declared (8 appointed (9 labeled (10 burnt (11 call (12 rendered (13 turned (14 kept (15 considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the \ 1 Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2 I find it impossible to forget what I witnessed that day.3 Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4 Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the \5 I don’t think it feasible to change the plan now.6 They think it right to stick to the original plan.7 I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8 As adoctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying. 9 I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10 I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that. 4. Translate into English. 1 The Chinese in brackets, using passive verb forms. (1 to be left alone for a while (2 had been knocked unconscious (3 was buried deep (4 can and will be realized (5 are expected to share household chores (6 is generally believed (7 being criticized in public (8 being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums (9 are believed to be genuine (10 would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury 2 The sentences. (1 The miners nicknamed their union leader \event as epoch-making.(3 I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty. (4 In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive. (5 We’ll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children. (6 We should seesetbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives. (7 Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window. (8 We look upon Professor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one. (9 Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances. (10 No matter how late she finishes the day’s work, she leaves everything in their place.(11 To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with. (12 He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave. (13 The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century. (14 When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons. (15 Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn’t launch his own company in the summer. 5. Learn to use================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载============== prepositions \1 Study the use of \importance or of higher quality than (5 and (6: at a higher place or position than (7 in preference to (8 and (9: on or upon (10 throughout the length or duration of (11 in preference t6 (12 directly above, on the top of (13 and (14: here and there on or in (15 and (16: concerning about, because of 2 Complete the sentences by putting \\over (9 above (10 over (11 over (12 above (13 Over, over (14 above (15 over 6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. 1B 2C 3B 4C 5D 6A 7B 8A 9 B 10 D 11 B 12 B 13 C 14 D 15 B--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载--------------------- ~ 11 ~。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 8语法练习答案Choose the best answer and fill in the blanks.选择最佳答案填空.1.I’ll take down your name and address in case you ____ as a witness.我会记下你的姓名和地址，以备需要你作证。
A. are neededB. will be neededC. should needD. be needed【解析】A.考查时态与被动语态。
首先you 与need 之间是被动关系，又因为在in case 引导的从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故选A。
in case其他特殊的用法：一、用作连词，表示条件，其意为“如果”“万一”。
如：In case you see him, ask him about it. 如果你见着他，问问他这事。
二、用作连词，表示目的，其意为“以防“免得”。
如：I’ll take my raincoat in case it rains. 我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。
三、起副词作用，其意为“以防万一”。
如：You’d better carry some money in case. 你最好带些钱，以防万一。
“我”或“别的什么人”需要“你”作证人，但没必要指出来，因为这里强调的是动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者，所以用被动结构。
2. Tom will have to go to work by bus as his car ____ .A. is repairedB. is being repairedC. is needed repairingD. is needed repairs【解析】B.汤姆的汽车正在修理，他不得不乘公共汽车去上班。
此处应为现在进行时。
3. The enemy retreated to the woods after they ____ .A. have been defeatedB. were defeatedC. DefeatedD. had defeated【解析】B.1986年英语考研真题答案：were defeated/had been defeated.敌人被击败后撤退到树林里去了。
He became a children's doctor because of his love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments have nothing to do with medicine.The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senators and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.Life is cruel to both animals and human beings. If physicians don't create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings; or the medical knowledge will remain static.Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost the lives of many human beings.It helps diagnose disease.• It develops drugs to cure infection and disease.• It carries out complex surgical procedures.• It empl oys techniques to replace defective genes.• It stimulates development of synthetic organs.Participate in different animal rights activities.• Make public speeches at different social settings.• Write newspaper articles to condemn the inhuman animal research.• Launch an appeal on the Internet to arouse public concern for animal rights.It is too cruel and inhuman.• Animals should have equal rights as humans.• The research result may not apply to humansYes, because they are ethical and justified and the public will support the movement.• No, because they are misdirected and they even do something improper such as burning an animal laboratory.Yes, if animal research is abandoned, there will be almost no advances in medicine and it will cost many lives of human beings. As compared to animals, human beings are more valuable because they take many social responsibilities.1.The main task for the troop there is not fighting but (arresting) theprogress of the enemy army and waiting for reinforcements (援兵).2. He always anxiously summarizes the concessions which he has made buthe almost always (omits) to mention those offered by the other party.3.She was an excellent teacher, whose (optional) courses on women's writing were very popular among the students.4. It will be up to the doctor's judgment whether or not the organ can besuccessfully (transplanted) to the child who has been waiting for it.5. Teachers can no longer use their past experiences to prepare students fortheir future career; (hence) , our young people need to rely onthemselves.6. Accurate and inaccurate information is mixed so naturally that there are noreliable ways to tell what has been (twisted) and what has not.7.That wealthy lady's demand on a premarital agreement greatly (stung) her future husband's pride, and it ended up with his refusal to get married.8.When I opened the album, I carefully examined every photograph in(minute) detail by wearing my reading glasses so as not to miss anything.It seems that James has a talent for acting because he can (imitate)different teachers' speeches perfectly, which really amazes hisclassmates.10. Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus makingthe (evil) effects of smoking cigarettes truly alarming.interferencethrillerscarcespecificconsumption / consumerdeceptioninvasion / invaderprocession1. Multinational corporations protested strongly against any unreasonable(interference) by some countries in the free marketplace.2.At the time a real threat of a(n) (invasion) of the British Isles existed, so the British troops were gathered around the coastline to get ready to fight against an invading fleet.(Consumption) is relatively low, and it shows that the economicproblem in the country stems from the dangerous side effects of careless politics and widespread poverty.4.The wedding (procession) was of an enormous size and enormoussplendor, which was started homeward and followed by a large banquet ata luxury hotel.5. When doing writing exercises for that English course, students shouldremember that they are writing according to (specific) structures.6.Among close family and good friends, (deception) is the worst part of life, and we believe in practicing good faith and honesty.7.Jobs are (scarce) at the moment, so you should be realistic in yourchoices about the pay, working hours, medical benefits, bonuses, etc.8.The writer was thinking about writing some kind of (thrillers) because it would help him become popular through making his plot more attractive to the young.The animal rights movement is a social movement which seeks an end to using animals in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries, (1)(hence) being called animal liberation. It advocates the idea that the most basic interests of non-human creatures should be (2)(afforded) the same consideration as those of human beings.Advocates (3)(lobby) for animal rights from different aspects, ranging from the focus on animal suffering in laboratories to the argument that (4) (insists) on not casting animals as properties of human beings. Despite the different approaches, advocates broadly (5)(consent) to the opinion that animals should be viewed as non-human members of the moral community and should be (6)(omitted) from being food, clothing, entertainment, orresearch subjects. The idea of (7)(awarding) rights to animals wins the support of several prominent scholars.However, some critics argue that animals are unable to enter into a social contract or moral (8)(compass) and for that reason cannot be granted rights. Only humans have duties and, therefore, only humans have rights. There is nothing wrong or (9)(evil) about using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering. From within the animal rights movement itself, there has also been (10)(criticism) of certain forms of animal rights activism, in particular the destruction of fur farms and animal laboratories..Some people have (persisted in) a traditional view that languagelearning is essentially the same as the learning of grammar or language rules.2. Regular review of the teaching material in school ensures that the coursesprovided (have relevance to) the workplace and what students will do in the future.3. Job opportunities are expanding rapidly, and more and more people are(becoming aware of) online chances that allow them to work at home.4.They have put old women in nursing "homes", (isolated from) human warmth and contact, and then complained that they had lost their mental abilities.5.Some organizations are exploiting local people (in the name of)scientific research: They are collecting genetic material for commercial purposes.6.Day care centers for the elderly (make a contribution) to overall public service; they did a lot to make the life of the old active, valuable andmeaningful.7.The policeman has (been occupied with) extra duties, so he would nothave the time either for answering questions or being interviewed.8.What the chairman said did not (tip the scales) much to his advantage;his statement can be only considered as a slim chance for gainingapproval.Many people will give some excuse not to keep a pet: They smell bad, they are messy, they are expensive, or I don't have enough time to take care of them. While most of these reasons sound plausible, there are some good reasons why you should keep a pet to have a positive life.First, pets can give you unconditional love and companionship. Pets make you always feel accepted and loved. They are always good listeners and respond to love, regardless of whether you are blind, deaf, ill or depressed. When coming home from a long, stressful day of school or work, you see a cute animal waiting for you in front of the door. You can't help but feel happy!In addition to companionship, pets can greatly increase your physical activity and improve your overall state of health. It is proven that a person who owns a pet is less likely to struggle with ailments and serious medical problems. Owning a pet can help people lower the blood pressure, fight loneliness, and conquer depression. Long walks with a dog also burn your calories! Undoubtedly, keeping pets makes you busier and leaves you more work to do. However, pets give you a sense of responsibility. If you do not care well enough for your pets, they will be ill or even die. Having a pet is a great way to learn the value of responsible ownership. You will discover that life is not just about you. Just like parenthood, owning a pet requires a lot of time and effort. After all, everyone should keep a pet because pets provide you with unconditional love, help you retain good health, and teach you to be responsible. Even though it sometimes means more work and unexpected trouble, it's worth our effort.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。
