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英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编88(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：27，分数：50.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.civil law（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：民法)解析：3.mass transit（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：公共交通；大容量公共运输(工具))解析：4.wage theory（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：工资理论)解析：5.mock epic（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：讽刺史诗)解析：6.counterespionage（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：反间谍活动)解析：7.high seas（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：公海；远海)解析：8.CYO（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：首席元老(Chief Yearly Officer))解析：9.irrigation and drainage（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：灌溉与排水)解析：10.ICN（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：国际护士理事会(International Council of Nurses))解析：11.ILO（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization))解析：12.IAEA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency))解析：13.polar front（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：极锋)解析：14.higher down payment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：高首付)解析：15.have kissed the Blarney stone（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：能说会道；善于花言巧语)解析：16.fat chance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：没有机会，希望渺茫)解析：17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：18.QE (Quantitative Easing)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：量化宽松)解析：19.innovative growth（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：创新增长)解析：20.Sunny Finance Policy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：阳光财政)解析：21.visa upon/on arrival（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：落地签证)解析：22.national treatment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：国民待遇)解析：23.state visit（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：国事访问)解析：24.Sunsetting Industry（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：夕阳工业)解析：25.The Internet Finance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：互联网金融)解析：26.new model of major power relationship（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：新型大国外交)解析：27.Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTA AP)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：亚太自由贸易区)解析：。
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编8(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：23，分数：46.00)1.Translated the following into English．(辽宁师范大2008研，考试科目：综合英语) 体育作为一种文化现象，在当代生活中的作用越来越大，关心它的人也越来越多，形成了体育文化热。
那么什么是体育文化的内涵呢? 文化是人类在发展中形成的物质财富和精神成果的总和。
体育文化是整个人类文化的一种，而且是非常独特的一种。
别的种类的文化大多受到国家、民族、宗教等因素的阻隔而形成一个个文化圈。
比如电影，观众很多，也有国际评奖，但电影评奖总要受到评委们的主观意识的影响，很难有一个非常明确的客观标准。
而体育则有共同的规则，有共同的体育语言。
体育能真正体现“公平竞争”的原则，所以越来越受到人们的欢迎，以奥林匹克精神为特征的体育文化已被全世界人民所接受。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following underlined into English．(辽宁师范大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语) 一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。
女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室里工作。
小伙子性格内向，不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩子表达他的爱慕之意。
写情书吧，小伙子是学理工的，一直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一句有文采的话。
小城里也没有花店，电影电视上常见的送花那一套也无从谈起。
至于直截了当地告诉女孩子说“我爱你”，小伙子就更没有这个胆量了。
这样的恋情应该说是没戏了。
但事实上一年后他们却结了婚。
有人向小伙子讨教，他说：“我每天上班的第一件事就是帮她擦桌子：然后为她泡上一杯她喜欢喝的绿茶。
她胃不好，我经常备些胃药放在她的桌上。
一开始她不知道是我做的这些事情，时间长了就知道了。
就这么简单。
”忍不住叫人想到“浪漫”一词。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编5(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2010研，考试科目：专业英语) 教育的功用就在顺应人类求知、想好、爱美的天性，使一个人在这三方面得到最大限度的调和的发展。
以达到完美的生活。
教育的目的在启发人性中所固有求知、想好、爱美的本能，使它们尽量伸展。
中国儒家的最高的人生理想是“尽性”。
他们说：“能尽人之性则能尽物之性，能尽物之性则可以赞天地之化育。
”（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2009研，考试科目：专业英语) 东方文明的最大特色是知足。
西洋近代文明的最大特色是不知足。
知足的东方人自安于简陋的生活，故不求物质享受的提高；自安于愚昧，自安于“不识不知”，故不注意真理的发现与技艺器械的发明；自安于现成的环境与命运，故不想征服自然。
西方人大不然。
他们说“不知足是神圣的”。
物质上的不知足产生了今日钢铁世界，汽机世界，电力世界。
理智上的不知足产生了今日的科学世界。
社会政治制度上的不知足产生了今日的民权世界。
神圣的不知足是一切革新一切进化的动力。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Put the following into English．(天津财经大学2006研，考试科目：现代英语)银行业面临的挑战在于如何使客户乐意学习使用并信任这种新型的服务渠道。
多数大银行现已能够提供完全可靠的、功能齐全的网上银行业务，不收取或只收取少许费用。
随着越来越多的银行网上业务的成功，以及越来越多的客户登陆它们的网站，功能齐全的网上银行业务很可能变得像自动柜员机一样普及。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编18(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.IAEA（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：(International Atomic Energy Agency)国际原子能机构）解析：2.FTP（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：(File Transfer Protocol)文件传输协议）解析：3.TEFL（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：(Teaching English as a Foreign Language)英语外语教学）解析：4.OPEC（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Country)石油输出国家组织）解析：5.SCO（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)上海合作组织）解析：6.People in China generally agree that it is important to celebrate the country"s rich history, but its culture police think there is too much of the wrong kind of celebrating going on. Two agencies, the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, have banned the promotion of " negative historical figures or literary works" for tourism purposes, theoretically ending a longstanding practice by Chinese cities of playing up their ties to racy cultural icons like the lustful Ximen Qing through festivals, theme parks and merchandise.A few lucky destinations in China, like Mao"s hometown of Shaoshan in Hunan province, are blessed with the notoriety of a state-approved celebrity, allowing them to rake in tourism dollars. But for most Chinese towns, bringing in tourists is hard work, which is made easier if they can stake a claim to someone famous, whether real, mythical or literary. Disputes can flare up among towns claiming to be the original homes of the same popular character. Just before the Ministry of Culture announced the new rules, Loufan county in Shanxi declared itself hometown of the Monkey King, challenging the same claim made first by Lianyungang City in Jiangsu, according to a recent article on Xinhua"s English-language website.Critics say that this kind of cultural infighting is embarrassing to China, especially when attracting foreign dollars is the motive. It is better if these cities manage and protect their own cultural heritage and intangible cultural resources, rather than compete with each other and humiliate themselves.In the past, tourist stunts by Chinese towns have been heavily frowned upon by the public. A sex theme park in southwestern China was demolished before it even opened, after inciting widespread condemnation. Earlier this year, public outcry forced government officials in Zhangjiajie to back away from plans to rename a localmountain " Avatar Hallelujah Mountain" after the popular Hollywood movie. The latest crackdown, however, goes further than any one campaign and promises to lay out strict guidelines for what is appropriate cultural celebration in the coming weeks.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：中国人普遍都认为中国的悠久历久值得宣扬，但中国的文化管理部门却认为，一些地方在对历史文化进行不合理宣扬方面做得太过分了。
英语专业的考研试题及答案英语专业考研试题及答案一、阅读理解部分Passage 1The passage discusses the impact of globalization on language and culture. It highlights how English has become a global lingua franca and its influence on local languages and cultures around the world. The passage also mentions the importance of preserving linguistic diversity.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How has English impacted local languages according to the passage?3. What is the significance of linguistic diversity mentioned in the passage?Answers:1. The main topic of the passage is the influence of globalization on language and culture.2. English has become a global lingua franca and has influenced local languages by causing some to borrow words and phrases from English, and in some cases, by threatening the survival of minority languages.3. The significance of linguistic diversity is that it enriches human culture and provides a variety of ways toexpress ideas and emotions.Passage 2The second passage explores the role of technology in education. It argues that while technology has made learning more accessible, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and a potential loss of interpersonal skills.Questions:1. What is the main argument of the passage?2. What are the positive aspects of technology in education mentioned?3. What concerns does the passage raise about the use of technology in education?Answers:1. The main argument of the passage is that technology hasboth advantages and disadvantages in education.2. The positive aspects include increased accessibility to educational resources and the ability to learn at one's own pace.3. The concerns raised include a decrease in face-to-face interaction and the potential loss of interpersonal skillsdue to over-reliance on technology.二、完形填空部分Text:In recent years, the trend of eco-tourism has been gaining popularity. People are becoming more aware of the importanceof protecting the environment. However, it is crucial toensure that eco-tourism is sustainable and does not lead to the destruction of the very ecosystems it aims to protect.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the text?2. Why is sustainability important in eco-tourism?3. What could be the potential negative impact of eco-tourism if not managed properly?Answers:1. The main idea of the text is the growing popularity ofeco-tourism and the need for it to be sustainable.2. Sustainability is important in eco-tourism to ensure that the environment is not harmed by tourism activities and that the benefits are long-lasting.3. The potential negative impact of eco-tourism, if not managed properly, could be the destruction of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity.三、翻译部分English to Chinese:The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work.Chinese to English:随着科技的发展，我们的生活和工作方式发生了巨大变化。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编10(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.将下列短文译成英语。
(北京外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英汉互译) 2008年11月9日，中国政府出台了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，预计在未来两年时间内投资4万亿人民币。
中国政府在例行的中央经济工作会议召开之前突然宣布该方案，既显示了中国政府抗击金融危机、防范经济增长下滑的信心，也反映了中国政府对国内经济增长前景的预期明显恶化。
该方案刚一出台便引发世界范围内高度关注，并直接推动全球股市上涨。
然而，由于中国政府并未在第一时间详细披露该方案实施细则，近日来围绕该方案的猜测与争议绵延不绝。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：On November 9th, 2008, the Chinese government put forward ten measures to further drive up domestic demand and promote economic growth. An investment of RMB 4 trillion is expected to be earmarked in the following two years. Chinese government"s unexpected announcement of this incentive package prior to the routine Central Economic Working Conference suggested not only the government"s confidence in fighting against the global financial crisis and preventing the economic downturn, but also its prudence in estimating the domestic growth in economy. Right after its announcement, this package drew the eyes worldwide, and spurred the global stock markets. However, lasting doubts and disputes have risen recently, as the government failed to disclose the relevant details at the first time.）解析：2.将下列短文译为英语。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编10(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.将下列短文译成英语。
(北京外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英汉互译) 2008年11月9日，中国政府出台了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，预计在未来两年时间内投资4万亿人民币。
中国政府在例行的中央经济工作会议召开之前突然宣布该方案，既显示了中国政府抗击金融危机、防范经济增长下滑的信心，也反映了中国政府对国内经济增长前景的预期明显恶化。
该方案刚一出台便引发世界范围内高度关注，并直接推动全球股市上涨。
然而，由于中国政府并未在第一时间详细披露该方案实施细则，近日来围绕该方案的猜测与争议绵延不绝。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.将下列短文译为英语。
(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。
这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。
这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。
它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。
中国人讲“富不过三代”，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。
因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。
所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。
如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。
而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握的资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。
假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。
市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。
权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。
[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4一、翻译1 Coincidentally, the triple principles of translation put forward by Yan Fu in China are very similar to the three principles of translation proposed by______in the west.（A）John Dryden（B）Alexander Tytler（C）Gideon Toury（D）George Steiner2 Some well-known translators or translation theorists in China have put forward different criteria to evaluate the quality of a translation. Among them, " Resemblance in spirit" is advocated by______.（A）Qian Zhongshu（B）Fu Lei（C）Lu Xun（D）Lin Yutang3 Chinese translations which have been conveniently simplified and made easy are like wine diluted with water. "This famous remark about the quality of a translation is made by______.（A）Zhi Qian(支谦)（B）Dao An(道安)（C）Xuan Zang(玄奘)（D）Hui Yuan(慧远)4 Which of the following translation methods is the closest to the target language readers? （A）word-for-word translation（B）semantic translation（C）faithful translation（D）communicative translation5 The principle of "functionality plus loyalty" is put forward by______.（A）Katharina Reiss（B）Hans Vermeer（C）Christiane Nord（D）Eugene Nida6 Who is the representative figure of the Manipulation School in translation studies? （A）Peter Newmark（B）Lawrence Venuti（C）Andre Lefevere（D）Ernst-August Gutt7 The three types of translation, namely metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation, are proposed by______.（A）Roman Jakobson（B）Martin Luther（C）John Dryden（D）Alexander Pope8 Paraphrase and Comment. In this part there are two passages about translation theories. Read the passages carefully.paraphrase the underlined parts and make some comments upon each passage in English on your ANSWER SHEET according to your own understanding.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language <u>the closest natural equivalent</u> of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.9 A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to <u>under-translate</u>, to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity and sometimes brevity, which makes him ' omit' to translate words altogether.10 Discuss the cohesive devices used to organize a text and relate them to English / Chinese translation.(with your own examples if possible)(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译<翻译方向>)11 Define in your own words the term equivalence as it is used in translation studies, and then discuss the concept by referring to what Susan Bassnett has to say in her Translation Studies.(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译<翻译方向>)12 Distinguish between the following "faux amis" and "amis fideles" by rendering them into Chinese.(浙江大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)They suggest tabling the question in Parliament.13 The committee couldn't reach agreement and decided to table the bill.14 Base your renderings on the semantic translation and communicative translation proposed by Peter Ne-wmark and tell them apart with your illustrations.(浙江大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)(1)Semantic translation(针对 native speakers of English):(2)Communicative translation(针对 Chinese learners of English):15 Identify the most explicit translation method adopted in the following translations and explain how it is used．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：英语综合<语言学、文学、翻译>)1．The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom．译文：全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate put the following passage into Chinese．(福建师范大学2004研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible...I share a different opinion.I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate desires, but what"s really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss in that" wonderful" life is the change that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is the one most important gift from God. All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thing on the face of this planet. Suddenly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking something—anything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely predators of their own humanity. They look upon soul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own creation, these dreams are...and they say money is harmless—how could they say that?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction: psychology has lent its services to "human engineering, " an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker"s physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker"s psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his out put and diminishes friction. In the name of " human relations, " the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person: even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-know American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives:" It"s going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy...It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice. " One speaks of "human relations" and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons:one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Translate the following sentences into English．(武汉大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)In general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking , America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the A-merican scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated,or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for:tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature. As A-merican, the writer has distrusted Europe: as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for long inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from American pens.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Translate the following English into Chinese．(武汉大学2011研，考试科目：英语综合) Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One"s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: one"s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one"s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one"s mind more keen. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one"s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Translate the following passage into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods．(中南财经政法大学2009研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th century—a set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied its limitless faith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignore the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, authentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed without being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things don"t have to be the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Translate the following passage into fluent Chinese by using proper translating strategies and skills．(中南财经政法大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)"Duty" , "Honor" , "Country"—those three hallowed(神圣的)words reverently dictate what you want to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are you rallying point to behold courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when these seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn(被遗弃的).Unhappily , I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant(华丽的)phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite(虚伪的人), every troublemaker, and, I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you for your future roles as the custodians(监护人，卫士)of the nation"s defense. They make you for strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success, not to substitute words for action, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge: to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall: to master yourself before you seek to master others: to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past: to be servers, yet never take yourself too seriously, to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness:the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a temperate will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and its inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Translate the following passages into Chinese．(湖北大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood: in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling waves, that were as many-tinted as an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: " We hold theses truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. "I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood.…I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.…I have a dream today! When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God"s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants —will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "free at least, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2012研，考试科目：写作翻译)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blownme hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.(Bertrand Russell: What I Have lived for)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can"t afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn:while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy: they leave no litter.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2010研，考试科目：写作翻译)Excerpt from Jane EyreSomething of daylight still lingered, and the moon was waxing bright: I could see him plainly. His figure was enveloped in a riding cloak, fur collared, and steel clasped: its details were not apparent, but I traced the general points of middle height, and considerable breadth of chest. He had a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow: his eyes and gathered eyebrows looked ireful and thwarted just now: he was past youth, but had not reached middle age: perhaps he might be thirty-five. I felt no fear of him, and but little shyness. Had he been a handsome,heroic-looking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked. I had hardly ever seen a handsome youth: never in my life spoken to one. I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination: but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in me, and should haveshunned them as one would fire, lightning, or anything else that is bright butantipathetic.(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2009研，考试科目：写作翻译)On Not Answering the TelephoneSuppose you ignore the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Think of the proverb: "Ill news travels apace. " I must say good news seems to travel just as fast. And think of the saying: "The truth will out. " It will. But suppose you answer the telephone when it rings. If, when you take off the receiver, yousay "Hello!" just think how absurd that is. Why, you might be saying "Hello!" to a total stranger, a thing you would certainly think twice about before doing in public, if you were English.But perhaps, when you take off the receiver, you give your number or your name. But you don"t even know whom you are giving it to! Perhaps you have been indiscreet enough to have your name and number printed in the telephone directory, a book with a large circulation, a successful book so often reprinted as to make any author envious, a book more in evidence than Shakespeare or the Bible, and found in all sorts of private and public places. By your self-advertisement you have enabled any stranger, bore, intruder, or criminal to engage you in conversation at a moment"s notice in what ought to be the privacy of your own home.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)With the high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon: as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair : they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world"s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain(英国皇家学会)includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its Fellows put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)Modern intolerance is divided into three parts: the intolerance of laziness, the intolerance of ignorance and the intolerance of self-interest.The first of these is perhaps the most general. It is to be met with in every country and among all classes of society. It is most common in small villages and old-established towns, and it is not restricted to human beings.It is this variety of intolerance which makes parents shake their heads over the foolish behavior of their children: which has caused the absurd myth of "the good old days" : which makes savages and civilized creatures wear uncomfortable clothes: which fills the world with a great deal of superfluous nonsense and generally turns all people with a new idea into the supposed enemies of mankind.The second variety is much more serious.An ignorant man is, by the very fact of his ignorance, a very dangerous person. But when he tries to invent an excuse for his own lack of mental faculties, he becomes a terror. For then he erects within his soul a granite bulwark(花岗岩的堡垒)ofself-righteousness and from the high pinnacle of this formidable fortress, he defies all his enemies to show cause why they should be allowed to live.People suffering from this particular affliction are both uncharitable and mean. Because they live constantly in a state of fear, theyeasily turn to cruelty and love to torture those against whom they have a grievance.There remains as a third category the intolerance caused by self-interest. This, of course, is really a variety of jealousy and as common as the measles.When we attempt to discuss intolerance, we must constantly remember that we have to deal with a very complicated problem. Only upon very rare occasions do we find ourselves confronted with only one manifestation of these three separate forms of intolerance. Most frequently we can discover traces of all three varieties in the cases of perse-cution which are brought to our attention.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)For generations I"ve been honest, sound and reliable. My safety is legendary. Some call me Almighty. Others warn that worship of me is a sin. I am a dollar, or a buck. Each of these is 2. 61 by 6. 14 inch pieces of printed paper in your pocket or purse.Credit cards were supposed to have made me obsolete years ago, but people use me more than ever. In 1960, only $165. 16 was in circulation for each one of you. Now it"s $888. 85.I"m the world"s most important currency. Without me, international trade would halt. The price of everything from Persian Gulf oil to Brazilian coffee is quoted in my name. Take a look at me: I carry an engraving of George Washington after Gilbert Stuart"s painting. Bank tellers stack me face up so that they can look at George in the eye. It"s a security feature. Counterfeit portraits often look dull or one-dimensional. Seven Presidents are shown on my other denominations, but it"s unlikely you"ve eyed Mckinley, Cleveland or Madison. No. $1, 000 or $5 , 000 bills have been issued since 1969 because demand is small. Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln"s Secretary of the treasury, graces the $10, 000 bill.But only 345 of these are still in your hands. Chase and the three Presidents were retired from circulation in 1969: whenever one of them shows his face, the Federal Reserve Bank ships him to the treasury for destruction.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)About 150 years ago,a village church vicar in York-shire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature.Branwell"s father and sisters hoarded their pennies to pack him off to London"s Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure.Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would flee him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again.For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived:a failure. So died hope in the one male—but what of the three anonymous sisters?.Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition—in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne"s Agnes Grey, Emily"s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte"s Jane. Eyre.But years of sacrifice for Branwell had taken their toll. Emily took ill at her brother"s funeral and died within 3months, aged 29:Anne died 5 months later, aged 30:Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed.No one remembers BranwelPs name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters" tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would any mere beast of burden, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, courage—spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Bronte tragedy.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Translate the following into Chinese．(湖南大学2007研，考试科目：英语语言文学专业基础)The claim that technology-based approaches to language learning are supportive of autonomy rests in part on an assumption, shared with resource-based approaches, that they provide learners with opportunities to self-direct their own learning. In the case of CALL in particular, there is also an assumption that technology can provide learners with the kinds of support they need in order to develop skills associated with autonomy. This cannot be regarded as more than a potential, however, and a great deal depends on the ways in which technologies are made available to learners and the kinds of interaction that take place around them. In the case of CALL software, the degree of control offered to learners is often severely constrained by its structure and content. Text manipulation and computer-mediated communication applications offer greater opportunities for the development of control over learning content. They also offer opportunities for collaboration that are often lacking in other modes of self-access learning. But as in the case of self-access , it may be that learners require a degree of autonomy in advance in order to use new technologies effectively. Claims made for the potential of new technologies in regard to autonomy need to be evaluated against empirical evidence of the realization of this potential in practice.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.Passage Translation．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)Honorable Your Excellencies Ministers and delegates, honorable specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be present at the Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum along with ministers and delegates in charge of cultural affairs from 23 Asian countries as well as specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments. Looking all around, I see not only many acquaintances but also new faces. The mutual target of achieving Asian prosperity through cultural cooperation offers us an opportunity to gather, to become acquainted and make friends. The theme of this Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum is " Cultural Asia " . Culture resembles a gentle breeze and light rain that nurtures and enriches us: and it also serves as a strong tie that binds and links us.Entering the 21st century, the whole globe is carrying out discussions on preserving cultural diversity against the background of economic globalization. UNESCO"s Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, five international network meetings on cultural policies and two Asia-Europe Culture Ministers Meetings gradually bring home to us the importance of regional cooperation to Asian development and the equal stress on politics, economy and culture. Asian countries therefore commence active explorations in regional cultural cooperation based on long-term bilateral cultural exchanges. Two Meetings of the Asian Ministers Responsible for Culture and Arts and the AMCA Plus Three, two Regional Expert Meetings and three Asia Cultural Cooperation Forums in Hong Kong were held in Asia. The past five years was a development phase of great importance in the world and Asian history of culture and civilization, in which cultural ministers and officials present today participated to varying degrees.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Passage translation(From English into Chinese)．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语)In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind。
[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编18一、翻译1 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(东北财经大学2009研，考试科目：综合英语与翻译)While America rebuilds at home, we will not shrink from the challenges nor fail to seize the opportunities of this new world. Together with our friends and allies, we will work together to shape change, lest it engulf us. When our vital interests are challenged, or the wilt and conscience of the international community is defied, we will act: with peaceful diplomacy whenever possible, with force when necessary. The brave Americans serving our nation today in the Persian Gulf, in Somalia, and wherever else they stand, are testament to our resolve, but our greatest strength is the power of our ideas, which are still new in many lands. Across the world, we see them embraced and we rejoice. Our hopes, our hearts, our hands, are with those on every continent, who are building democracy and freedom. Their cause is America's cause. The American people have summoned the change we celebrate today. You have raised your voices in an unmistakable chorus, you have cast your votes in historic numbers you have changed the face of congress, the presidency, and the political process itself.2 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(东北财经大学2008研，考试科目：综合英语)When Chou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties. Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had"fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tuhsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.As he talked Chou Enlai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their applicationhad been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chu's membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, "so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders. " There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them richmen's sons with whom he might have associated in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent is time studying hungrily, avidly, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.3 Translate the underlined part in the following passage into Chinese．(大连理工大学2005研，考试科目：英汉翻译)<u>The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with Rood will. They are like streetcars running, contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver(廉价小汽车)that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them: they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes: but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world's history obliged us to take the turning we did.</u><u>I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land. </u>One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better)for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean."It sounds fine" , said Mayhew. "Is that house for sale?"From Mayhew by William S. Maugham4 Translate the following passage into Chines．The world as a whole has progressed tremendously material-wise, and we are a fortunate nation in that we are leading the procession. It is, I believe, natural that nations not so fortunate should look upon us with envy. We would do the same if the positions were reserved, so we should not judge too harshly the efforts of others to equal our standard of living. In either case, the fortunate or the unfortunate character in the individual and collectively in a nation stands out. I agree that it is easier to build character under ideal conditions but cannot forget that character is also required to give as well as receive.It should be to the benefit of humanity if all individuals—and this includes myself—did a renovation or remodeling job on our own character. It may merely be a case of removing rough edges or tossing away molding to expose irregularities , in some cases to remove a prop and stand on one's own feet. In any event if some of us set example, others will follow and the result should be good. This I believe.5 Translation．(吉林大学2005研，考试科目：英语语言实践)Television—the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word "television", derived from its Greek(tele:distant)and Latin(vision:sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photo-conductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.6 When I am asked, "What made you want to be a writer?" , my answer has always been, "Books". First and foremost, now, then, and always, I have been passionate about books. From the time I began to read, as a child, I loved to feel their heft in my hand and the warm spot caused by their intimate weight in my lap: I loved the crisp whisper of a page turning, the musky odor of old paper and the sharp inky whiff of new pages. Leather bindings sent me into ecstasy. I even loved to gaze at a closed book and daydream aboutthe possibilities inside—it was like contemplating a genie's lamp. Of course, my favorite fairy tale was A Thousand and One Nights—imagine buying your life with stories ! And my favorite cartoons were those where animated characters popped out of books and partied while the unsuspecting humans slept. In books, I could travel anywhere, be anybody, understand worlds long past and imaginary colonies in the future. My idea of a bargain was to go to the public library, wander along the bookshelves, and emerge with a chin-high stack of books that were mine, all mine, for 2 weeks—free of charge.At that time I didn't think of writing as an activity people admitted doing. I had no living role models—a "real" writer as a long-dead white male, usually with a white beard to match.7 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(辽宁大学2008研，考试科目：英语专业基础)During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country: and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was: but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable: for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I looked upon the scene before me—upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain, upon the bleak walls, upon the vacant eye like windows , upon a few rank sedges, and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees—with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after dream of the reveler upon opium, the bitter lapse into every day life—the hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart, an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime. What was it, I paused to think, what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher?8 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond: that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which I did. They say that characters were engraved on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect, "Renew thyself completely each day: do it again, and again, and forever a-gain. " I can understand that. Morning brings back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the faint burn of a mos-quito making its invisible andunimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sailing with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homer's Requiem: itself an Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it: a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least somnolence in us: and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night.9 Translation．(辽宁大学2007研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Sometimes Laura and I lean over the taffrail, and that is happiness. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies, or with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. Or it may be at night, when the sky surely seems blacker than ever at home and the stars more golden. I recall a phrase from the diary of a half-literate soldier, " The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover, through which a bright beyond was seen. " Sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things.10 It is a human world, but one that is human in ways no one expected. The image it reveals is not the worn and battered face that stares from Leonardo's self-portrait, much less the one that stares, bleary and uninspired, every morning from the bathroom mirror. These are the faces of history. It is, rather, the image of an eternally playful and eternally youthful power that makes order whether order is there or not and that having made one order is quite capable of putting it aside and creating an entirely different one the way a child might build one structure from a set of blocks and then without malice and purely in the spirit of play demolish it and begin again. It is an image of the power that made humanity possible in the first place.11 Translate the following into Chinese．(辽宁师范大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语)It is difficult to find a starting place for describing Custer. Those who have already formed opinions about the man have done so with such vehemence that it is hard to believe that the two sides are talking about the same person. To one group, he remains the brave and gallant soldier and peerless Indian fighter who died heroically and gloriously battling against hopeless odds: to the other, he was a big-mouthed braggart and incompetent who blundered away the lives of more than two hundred men by rushing joyfully into a deadly situation without taking the simplest precautions demanded by military prudence. On one point all agree: Custer was a man of supreme physical courage who apparently did not know what it was to feel fear. Beyond that, there is a agreement on very little.Custer graduated at the bottom of his class at West Point, in large part for demerits received for what his admirers like to describe as" boyish pranks and escapades" , although a good part of his bad record was the result of slovenly habits. This last was highly ironic because no officer would demand more later from his men in the way of snap and polish and taut discipline than him. He received his commission just in time to get the First Battle of Bull Run.12 Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET．(西安交通大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England's policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685 , as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England's possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb's view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison" , that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor's command.13 English to Chinese．(西安交通大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语)One of the principal themes of Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer's case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of " a radical redistribution of wealth "is presented in a widely cited essay entitled in Defense of Equality.The most striking feature of Walzer's critique is that far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities—"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creative, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work, even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion. "Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet under capitalism, the ability to make money("the green thumb of bourgeois society")enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good, " such as the respect and esteem of others.14 Translate the following into Chinese．(西北大学2005研，考试科目：英汉、汉英翻译理论与实践)I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurements make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured the numbers on the money chart and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, live-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbors' orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbors who barter their skills and labor. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense of self?I don't want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meanness in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups— when they have to be acknowledged as "part of us".Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities—the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.15 Translate the following text into Chinese．Write your translation 0n the Answer Sheet．(西安外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Reisman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel potable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal on middle and upper-class life. And then there are(hello, everybody!)the jaywalkers.16 Turn the following passage into Chinese．(山东师范大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)If you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone's life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse.I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I've lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.17 Turn the following passage into Chinese．(山东师范大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)I believe we are now moving into a period similar to that after the last war where there isa general acceptance of the need for a mixed economy, that is, a capitalist economy combined with a substantial degree of government intervention. The key will be demand management and, in the longer term, dealing with the social consequences of a market economy. As the economies in the west become more stable, I think non-economic, non-materialistic issues such as the environment will come more to the political fore. And there may well be growing pressure for redistribution of wealth on a global scale.I don't expect to see another economic crisis of the scale of that in the 1970s for at least another fifteen years. When it does eventually come, it will probably be from some totally unexpected direction. Unemployment will continue to decline, and when people no longer fear the loss of their jobs, so a degree of complacency creeps in and their values change.It may well be exactly that process which, ironically, causes the next economic crisis, but it's a long way off yet!18 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国海洋大学2005研，考试科目：综合英语)There was a time not long ago when parents not only preached the virtues of work but practiced them. The work week was ten or fifteen hours longer than it is now for father, and his day off each week was a restorative to enable him to do a better job on the other six days. Now leisure has become a kind of job in its own light, and it is going to become still more of a job. When the work week shrinks, as economists say it will to twenty hours, it is going to be difficult indeed for father to preach to his children the old gospel that "the devil finds work for idle bands". There is plenty of evidence around us now ofwhat happens to young people deprived of the opportunity to work and without the resources, either cultural or social, to put their time to good use.But leisure has still further effects. At its worst it is corrosive and it is stultifying. It passively accepts what is put before it. It wallows in ways to make time pass—hours of sitting before the television or in aimless puttering. Or it can be dangerously aggressive against society, or against self, as in dope addiction or alcoholism. Less spectacular, but also corrosive, undirected leisure takes itself out to consumption for consumption's sake, in buying gadgets that save time, when time is the thing that least needs saving for the already time-ladened. It shows itself in ostentation and in competition with one's neighbors.19 Translate the following passage into Chinese．(郑州大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)But what did Lincoln believe in his heart? He belonged to no denomination. Some historians consider that his inherited Calvinism was finally consecrated at Gettysburg. Biographer Allen C. Guelzo offers as balanced an analysis as is possible at this distance. Lincoln acknowledged " a Creator of all things, who had neither beginning nor end, " and viewed Jesus Christ as the redeemer of the world. And yet, he could not quite come "the whole way to belief". Acquainted with anguish, given to periods of private depression masked by public confidence, Lincoln would never escape a kind of fatalism. It precluded full acceptance of a personal relationship with a God who directed individual lives. As Guelzo writes, "Lincoln often wished that ' I was a more devout man than I am. ' "If be lacked the certitude of his mother's beliefs, or his stepmother's, nonetheless, he must have been sustained by their example. They provided for him a framework of faith to endure the nation's greatest trial.20 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(郑州大学2007研，考试科目：专业英语)Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring: for ornament, is in discourse: and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute , and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one: but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth: to use them too much for ornament is affectation: to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study: and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.。
