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高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义【精讲版·全国通用】虚拟语气5种固定句式结构搭配总结would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的格式would rather后的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。
如：I’d rather have left yesterday.昨天我本来宁愿离开的。
I’d rather you went tomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I would rather you didn't mention the price. 我愿意你别提价钱。
It’s time后的定语从句用虚拟语气的格式It’s time后的定语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should 不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。
如：It’s time we ordered dinner.现在该叫菜了。
It’s time that he studied hard.=It’s time that he should study hard.他学习该用功了。
注：time前有时有about和high修饰。
如：It’s high time you bought a new car.你该买辆新车了。
另外，与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was时而用were。
如：It’s time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。
(不用were)as if / as though 从句用虚拟语气的格式以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气的主要内容：一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气〔if 引导〕二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气比较：If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气例如：1、如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。
If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.2、如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If I were you, I would try it again.3、如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。
If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.4、如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.学习虚拟条件句应注意以下几点：（1）省略if假设虚拟条件句中有were, had, should, 可以省略if, 并将were, had, should移到句首。
如：1. If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.——Were I to meet him tomorrow, …2. ____for the doctor’s careful treatment, he_____ till last year. CA. If it is not, can’t liveB. Were it not, couldn’t liveC. Had it not been, couldn’t have livedD. If they were not, couldn’t live(2) 错综时间虚拟条件句——虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。
if虚拟的用法（二）if虚拟条件句的省略当if虚拟条件句中有were/had/should，省略if，将were/had/should提前。
（一去二提）【例句】1.If Li Yifeng were my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.→Were Li Yifeng my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.2.If I had finished my task, I would have been in Beijing.→________________________________________________.3.If he should go to the zoo, we would have a happy hour together.→_________________________________________________.4.If he shouldn’t go to the zoo, we would be very sad.Should he not go to the zoo, we would be very sad.（否定词not不动，只将should提前）当遇到否定词not时，不能与were、had、should缩略,not 仍然放在主语后面。
If I hadn’t warned you,you could have been killed.→________________________________________.【总结】if虚拟语气从句中有_____、_____、______,省略_______,将______、_______、________提前。
【练一练】1._______ hard,he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to workB.Had he workedB.Should he work D.Were he to work2._______ you have a meeting tomorrow,I would have to put off to visit you.A.WereB.WouldC.ShouldD.will3.Had you come earlier,you ________ her.A.would have metB. would meetC.will meetD.should meet4.Should you have a meeting tomorrow, I _________ (have to) put off to visit you.5._________ (I be) in your position, I would not take his money.三、if虚拟条件句的错综【回顾】从句主句与现在事实相反的假设did would/should/could/might +do与将来事实相反的假设did/were to/should do would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设had done would/should/could/might +have done 【概念】If I had taken medicine last night, I would be better now.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If I were you,I would have gone home 2 hours ago.错综的意思：if虚拟条件句中主句和从句时间不一致，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间加以调整。
Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们就派他去北京了。
[即时训练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空①If you had studied (study)hard before，you would be (be)a college student now.②If you hadn't lost the map，we would be (be)back in the hotel now.二、含蓄虚拟条件句有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。
常用词或短语有：with，without，but for，or else，or，otherwise等。
But for her help，they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.要不是她的帮助，他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。
I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了。
否则，我就参加运动会了。
He must have been there，or he never could know the place so well.他一定去过那儿，否则他决不会如此了解那个地方。
虚拟语气（2）编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞概念引入上一单元我们学习了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚拟语气。
本单元要继续学习虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，及虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。
首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子：1. We would have won, if Jack had scored that goal.2. We would have won if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before.3. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us.4. If she had studied harder, she would have got the diploma.这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
下面我们就来学习这部分内容。
用法讲解与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的动词形式从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句的谓语用would/should/might/could加现在完成时形式。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话---he didn’t take my advice）If you had e a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。
（事实：来晚了---you came late）If She hadn’t been so strict with herself, she wouldn’t have made such great progress.她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
虚拟语⽓（讲义及练习）虚拟语⽓虚拟语⽓表⽰说话⼈的难以实现的愿望或假设，或者表达建议，命令，劝告等语⽓，不表⽰客观事实。
虚拟语⽓是通过谓语动词的词性变换来实现的。
I.带If条件句的虚拟语⽓1．If条件从句谓语动词形式2．主句谓语动词形式3．需要注意的⼏点重要问题1)should通常只⽤于第⼀⼈称，would可⽤于任何⼈称。
有时候也可⽤might,could。
2)⼀般情况下，主从句所指的时间是⼀致的，但有时候也可能不⼀致，这时候应对主句和从句的时间分别进⾏分析，从⽽确定主从句谓语动词各⾃的正确形式。
1)If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t be in such a big trouble now.2)If I had finished my homework yesterday, I would go out with you tomorrow.3)当If条件句中含有were, had, should的时候，可以省略if，并将were, had, 或should移到句⾸形成倒装，句⼦的其余部分保持不变。
1)Had she got more money, she would have finished his MA study.2)Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.3)Were I in school again, I would work harder.4)Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about the result.II.含蓄条件句有些条件句中并不出现if，⽽是使⽤介词短语（but for; with; without等）或是连接词（but; but that; or; otherwise等），此时并不是全句都需要使⽤虚拟语⽓，要根据具体的句意来确定句⼦应该使⽤虚拟语⽓的部分，并按照含有if条件句虚拟语⽓的主句谓语动词变换规则进⾏动词变换。
虚拟语气三、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。
(一)宾语从句①虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
1.He insisted that we told him the news.2.The doctor suggested that he try to lose his weight.3.He insisted that he was sent there.4.The teacher advised that we would make good use of every minute here.一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose 四个要求：demand, require, ask, request5. The teacher requests that the papers ____________after class.A be handed inB hand inC would be handed inD are handed in6.____________ be sent to work there?A Who do you suggestB Who do you suggest that shouldC Do you suggest who shouldD Do you suggest whom should②在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。
1.但愿我是一只小鸟。
2.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
3.我希望有一天我能住在月亮上。
4.我真希望我们当时对孩子们好一些。
5.但愿我的家乡四季如春。
6.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间7.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept8.How I wish every family ___________ a large house with a beautiful garden!A hasB hadC will haveD will have③would ratherwould rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接从句，表示“宁愿”，1.我宁可你今天走。
2.我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。
3.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
4.我宁可他那时没来。
5. “Shall I come tomorrow?” “I‟d rather you _________.”A. won‟tB. didn‟tC. don‟tD. wouldn‟t6. “I‟ve told him about it.” “But I‟d rather you _________.”A. didn‟tB. hadn‟tC. don‟tD. wouldn‟t7. “He will take you as well.” “But I‟d rather he _________.”A. won‟tB. didn‟tC. doesn‟tD. wouldn‟t（二）主语从句中的虚拟语气1. It is proposed that more students went to university.2. It is important that we should learn from others.①表示建议或命令 It is important t hat we (should) work out a study plan.②表示惊讶It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should) doIt is natural/necessary/strange/proper/ urgent/ essential +that从句(should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如It is a pity/ a shame此等。
3.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play4.It is important that the TOEFL office __________ your registration.A will confirmB confirmC would confirmD must confirm(三)．表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中My advice was that you practiced speaking English as often as possible.The demand is that the composition was written on one side only.The request that they would get more is reasonable.必背：表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有advice demand idea motion proposal request suggestion order requirement(四)状语从句中的虚拟语气。
①方式状语从句由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
1. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。
2.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。
3.天看上去好像要下雨4.好远的路，好像我们永远也走不到头似的。
5.As usual, he put on a show as though his trip______ a great success.A. had beenB. has beenC. wereD. was6. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been7. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______ as elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. liftedD. could lift8. He described the town as if he ______ it himself.A. had seenB. has seenC. sawD. sees9. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.A. were circlingB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling②目的状语从句a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forgetb. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.（五）定语从句中的虚拟语气在It is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用_________，表示“到某人该做某事的时间了”。
1.到孩子们睡觉的时间了。
2.到我们该回家的时间了。
3.到我该开始工作的时间了。
5.It is time that the government ___________ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A takesB tookC has takenD taking6. It‟s high time they _____ this road .A mendsB mendedC must have mendedD will mend（六）If only...... If only位于句首引起的感叹句用虚拟语气，动词用___________时表示目前的愿望，_____________表示过去的愿望，用___________表示将来。
注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。
1.他要是知道答案就好了。
2.但愿明天能下点儿雨！3.我要是采纳他的建议就好了。
4.如果他没走就好了。
5.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed练习题1.I insist that a doctor ＿＿＿immediately.A. has been sent forB. sends forC. will be sent forD. be sent for2.The manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿＿＿after 11:00 p.m..A. not to play lou d musicB. shouldn‟t play loud musicC. don‟t play loud musicD. couldn‟t play loud music3.Mike‟s uncle insists ＿＿＿in this hotel.A. staying notB. not to stayC. that he would not stayD. that he not stay4.It was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿back before the headline(截止日期).A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent5.It is necessary ＿＿＿the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return6.It is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿discussed at the next meeting.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. be7.It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿after 11 o‟clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play8.We are all for your proposal that the discussion ＿＿＿.A. be put offB. was put offC. should put offD. is to put off9.I don‟t think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom ＿＿＿to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned10.It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿back before the deadline(截止日期).A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sent11.He insisted that his father ＿＿＿with them.A. goB. will goC. will be goingD. went12.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿by 20 percent.A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised13.At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿over the river.A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built1.I wish I ＿＿＿you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see2.If only he ＿＿＿quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn‟t suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn‟t lie3.How I wish every family ＿＿＿a large house with a beautiful garden!A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had4.Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ＿＿＿your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed5.He didn‟t go to the party, but he does wish he ＿＿＿there.A. had beenB. has beenC. would have beenD. would be6.I wish I ＿＿＿longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept7.Jack wishes that he ＿＿＿business instead of history when he was in university.A. had studiedB. studyC. studiedD. had been studying8.It‟s already five o‟clock now. Do you think it‟s about time ＿＿＿?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It …s high time you ＿＿＿that you are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should realize10.You don‟t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone11.I‟d rather you ＿＿＿make any comment(评论) on the issue(问题) for the time being(目前)A. don‟tB. wouldn‟tC. didn‟tD. shouldn‟t12.Wouldn‟t you rather your children ＿＿＿to bed early.A. goB. wentC. would goD. does13.The manager(经理) would rather his daughter ＿＿＿in the same office.A. had not workedB. not to workC. dose not workD. did not work14.If only the committee(委员会) ＿＿＿the regulations(章程，规则，条例) and put them into effect(使生效) as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve15.I am sure she would rather you ＿＿＿the bad news and ＿＿＿your sorrow(痛苦with her.A. will tell; shareB. tell; shareC. has told; sharedD. had told; shared16.It is high time that you ＿＿＿a bath(洗澡，沐浴).A. will takeB. tookC. had takenD. would take17.She said that she would rather not ＿＿＿the problem in the presence(在场) of so many strangers(陌生人).A. to discussB. discussC. discussingD. discussion18.I would rather you ＿＿＿those important documents(文件) with you.A. do not takeB. did not takeC. will not takeD. not take。
