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Cultural Note:Communion(p.153 note 3)Pre-class discussion:1. can you find out whether there is anything about traditional societies that people living in modern societies miss very much?2. talk about how technological inventions have brought about great changes in their life. They can use such examples as the invention of wheel, gunpowder or compass, the discovery of the fire, the construction of the first railway, etc. They might also be interested to predict the possible consequences of such new inventions of e-mail, iPhone, etc.Background:The United States is known to be a country of immigrants. Wave upon wave, people come to this land from practically all parts of the world in the course of history, to escape religious or political persecution or to seek better living conditions. This is the reason for the popular appeal of immigrant literature in the United States. It satisfies people’s nostalgia about their past and their descendants’ desire to seek their roots. It also interests people of other ethnic origins in the country to find out how their country came to be such a “melting pot”.Teaching tips: (after class)From the point of view of language and style, this story deserves our close attention particularly on the following points.1. the author’s careful and clever choice of examples for bringing out his key ideas.2. the clever way of hiding significant messages in a seemingly childish narration.3. the clever humorous touches4. the skillful uses of figures of speech5. the clever use of words that give a strong local color6. the skillful way of repeating words and sentence patterns to achieve the effect of describing a traditional society and life where things happen without any change.Analysis of the text:1. Magdaluna: a village that lies in the Lebanon Mountains running parallel to the Mediterranean coastlineEast(west, etc) of: at a distance to the east (west, etc.),Eg. He was born in a small town about 100 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou.The Browns live 150 miles west of London.Sidon: a city on Lebanon’s southern coast, approximately 25 miles south of Beirut. It is one of the country’s largest ports and one of the oldest cities in the Middle East.2. according to this sentence, we can see that the villagers didn’t think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.3. keep track (of): to keep oneself informed about a person, situation, etc.,Eg. They try hard to keep track of all the new developments in the IT industry.The boy has kept track of his favorite sports stars.Compare:Lose track (of): to fail to remain informed,Eg. He loses track of time whenever he surfs the Net.During World War Two, the Chinese couple lost track of their son who was studying in Britain.4. the sentence means: the sun was the only clock or watch we needed at that time.Need: a strong feeling that you want sb/sth or must have sth,Eg. There was a time in the country when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. (para. 1, unit 8, book 1)Have no need of: to not need,Eg. We have no need of this old desktop now that we’ve bought an up-to-date one.When he found they had no more need of him, he quit.Compare:Need: a situation when sth is necessary or must be done,Eg. As the helicopter arrived, Katie knew that her desperate need to direct her own rescue was over.There’s no need to apologize.5. in the remaining part of the paragraph, the writer summarizes what life was like in his home village when he was a child. The villagers followed the life pattern generation after generation. He uses a series of action verbs to emphasize the unchanging cycle of birth, marriage, toil and death in the small Lebanese village. The paragraph ends with the conclusion that with life as it was, there was no need to keep track of time.The seasons rolled by: the seasons came and went in steady successionRoll by: (of time) to pass, esp. quickly,Eg. The years rolled by, and still they got no news of their son.Those children who survived: this implies that infant mortality rate was highTo understand this sentence, we should know about some cultural note: Intermarriage among cousins is very common in some countries. The practice has come down from ancient times, when people there were mostly nomadic herdsmen who had no permanent settlements and moved with the animals from place to place. There were very few options open to young people in the choice of spouse. Today, this intermarriage is still common because of economic considerations. For poor families, marriage within an extended family saves the trouble of exchanging dowries. When rich people marry their cousins, they don’t worry about that someday their money and property will pass to another family.6. this does not meant that we had no way of knowing what year, or season, or day, or hour it was and of remembering when such important events as births, weddings, death, disasters happened.7. meaning of the sentence: we used natural disasters to keep track of time and of the important events in our lives. This was a natural calendar though it is more accurate to say a diving calendar, for sunrise and sunset, the change of seasons, and earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences were all works of God.8. the sentence means: … this way of keeping track of time and of the important events in our lives served or purpose well enough.Fine: adv. (infml) in a way that is acceptable and good enough,Eg. Don’t worry. He’s doing fine.Things are fine at school this year.9. cave in: (of roof or wall) to fall down or inward; to collapse10. meaning of the sentence: that’s the most accurate answer I could get.Now: (spoken) used for giving emphasis to a request, order or comment,Eg. Be careful, now! (order)Now, what’s going on there? (request)It’s marvelous, now, isn’t it? (comment)11. meaning of the sentence: and that’s how we kept track of the important events in our little village for as long as even the oldest people could remember.Note: here, “as far back as anybody could remember” serves as the object of “for”. 12. meaning of the sentence: … because men who would not lie for any reason or purpose, not even to save their souls …Save their own souls: to save their own livesUntil it was incorporated into Magdaluna’s calendar: until the event became one of the things by which we kept track of the important events in our lives.Incorporate sth (into): to add or include sth as part of sth else,Eg. The company decided to incorporate the new feature into their microcomputer.A number of courses in public relations have been incorporated into our curriculum.13. meaning of the sentence: this is a transitional sentence that begins another part of the essay, which extends to para. 10: the year of the drought, one of the best years in the writer’s childhood.14. the heavens were shut for months: it didn’t rain for months as if the sky were shut tightHeavens: (literary) the skySlowed to a trickle: (the spring) gradually became a slow and thin flow of waterTo: used for stating what condition or state sb or sth is after a change,Eg. The ancient temple has been restored to its former glory.The disease has reduced the patient to a bag of bones.15. *What can you infer from these attributive modifiers about these women?Obviously, because they shouldered much of the household chores, and probably worked in the fields, they were lean and muscular. And they were made to work hard, and because they were barefoot, their heels were cracked and brown.16. meaning of the sentence: their husbands who were taking a nap and their babies who needed to change their nappies because they were all wet with urine.Cultural note:Men in Arab countries, especially in the countryside, usually don’t do any housework.As we read on, we find the men in the village spent the evening somewhere drinking, chatting, and playing games.17. *what did the women sometimes argue about? What made them so irritable?These women hated to be away from home the whole morning and afternoon. They worried about their babies and the household chores waiting for them at home, so they got impatient and argue about who should get her water first. Or course the heat, the flies and the bad smell made them all the more irritable.18. meaning of the sentence: and sometimes the arguments became so fierce that they developed into long and violent fights.Full-blown: in the most complete and developed form,Eg. A full-blown economic crisis19. meaning of the sentence: … the words they used when they were quarreling were such that we little boys felt uncomfortable…Call sb names: to abuse sb by insulting words.20. in the remaining part of the paragraph, the writer, as an adult, recalls and describes humorously the excitement the little boys felt at the chance of seeing the usually unexposed parts of the female body. We smile, as we read this part, at the little boy’s innocent curiosity about what they normally couldn’t see and we find nothing repulsive in the description.To understand the sentence, we should know sth about culture.The traditional robe Arab women wear outdoors is a three-piece garment: a long-sleeved black dress reaching to the heels, a large black shawl to hide the hair and to wear over the shoulders and a black, nontransparent veil to cover the face showing only the eyes. In a few Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, women must wear such a garment when they go out.21. meaning of the sentence: this scene has never been erased from my memory. Some women were fighting so furiously that dust clouds were created. The sun (meaning sunlight) was moving quickly on the dust when a young woman’s dress was torn open and her breast exposed. We little boys would rush to steal a glance before it was hidden again. I still remember the excitement I felt at such moments.22. this is another transitional sentence that begins the main part of the essay: How the telephone changed the way of life of the villagers and marked a turning point in the writer’s life. All the first ten paragraphs serve as an introduction: what life was like before the telephone came along. Note how the writer opens this section. After concluding that the year of the drought will always be one of the best years of his childhood, he goes on to describe the year as one of the worst in his life, of course, from a child’s point of view, or in the short run. Surely in the long run, the year of the drought would be one of the most important in his life.Decide in this sentence means to conclude.23. meaing of the sentence: … and Magdaluna wouldn’t achieve any success withouta telephone.Get anywhere/somewhere/nowhere: to make some/no progress or have some/no successEg. Have you got anywhere in your project?You’ll surely get somewhere if you persist in it.Compare:Not to get sb anywhere: will not help sb to succeed,Eg. Losing your temper won’t get you anywhere with them.24. meaning of the sentence: a few men… tried hard to persuade Abu Raja to give up the idea of having a telephone installed in the village.Talk sb into/out of (doing) sth: to persuade sb to do/not to do sth,Eg. Finally he talked Xiao Chen into accepting the job.If she wants to do something, no one can talk her out of it.25. outshout: a word made up by the writer, combining the prefix “out” with the verb “shout”, meaning “those for the telephone spoke louder (or more strongly) than the others in their arguments”.Meaning of the sentence: but the majority of the villagers were for the telephone, and they wouldn’t listen to those few people and finally avoided them for resisting progress.26. meaning of the sentence: … the sound of sb shouting informed people that …The usual idiom is “the word went out”, but here, obviously, the news was shouted across the fields.Go out: to be told to people.27. at sb’s elbow: very close to or beside sbMeaning of the sentence: the paragraph tells us how the whole village gathered at the store to watch the installation of the telephone: the rich stood right beside the men from the telephone company, the not-so-poor people stood in the doorway, the poorer villagers stood outside. This shows that the people in the village were status-conscious.28. when the telephone first came to the village, the boy was curious about it and marveled at the wonderful machine through which people could talk to relatives far away. But later it proved to be a misfortune for the village and for the boy personally. (this is what the boy thought at that time.)29. Para. 19 centers around Im Kaleem, the village whore: her appearance, her character and the role she played in the village. Elicit from the students what they can learn or infer about her from the paragraph.Her appearance: short, middle-aged, black-haired, and speaking in a loud voice which was not very pleasant.*And when we read about her appearance, we may answer the questions: What kind of woman was she? Did she depend on her looks to attract the men in the village? Wherein did her attraction lie? Why doesn’t the writer think, now in retrospect, that the women objected to their men going to Im Kaleem’s house?Her character: generous, understanding, and sensibleHer role: a kind of confessor, a good listener, a pressure-reliever, and a troubleshooter 黎巴嫩人口主要由阿拉伯人构成（95%），大部分信仰穆斯林，其余为基督徒。
Book 4-Unit 5Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. Accawi1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in the terraced,rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much to anybody, except maybeto those who were dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendaror a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knew whatto do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, drivenby the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The only timepiece we had needof then was the sun. It rose and set, and the seasons rolled by and we sowedseed and harvested and ate and played and married our cousins and had babieswho got whooping cough and chickenpox—and those children who survived grew upand married their cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what yearit was, or even the time of day.2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the importantevents in our lives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine —calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods andlocusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just fine forus.3. Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldest womanin Magdalunaand all the surrounding villages. When I asked Grandma, "How old is Teta ImKhalil"4. Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been told that Teta wasborn shortly after the big snow that caused the roof on the mayor's house tocave in."5."And when was that" I asked.6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the eastroom."7. Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now, couldyou8. And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody couldremember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when a whirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky. Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to savetheir own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated intoMagdaluna's calendar.9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year. Manyothers followed in which strange and wonderful things happened. There was,for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for monthsand the spring from which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to atrickle. The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that openedat one end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard,marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that little clearingwas always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and sticky hands, and10. their mothers—sinewy, overworked young women with cracked, brown heels. Thechildren ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the womentalked,flies,and awaited their turns to fill up their jars with drinking waterhome to their napping men and wet babies. There were days when we had to waitfrom sunup until late afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious,cool water.Sometimes, amid the long wait and the heat and the flies and the smell of goatdung, tempers flared,and the younger women, anxious about their babies,toshooedbringarguedover whose turn it was to fill up her jar. And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights; the women would grab each other bythe hair and curse and scream and spit and call each other names that made myears tingle.We little brown boys who went with our mothers to fetch water loved these fights, because we got to see the women's legs and their colored pantiesas they grappled and rolled around in the dust. Once in a while, we got luckyand saw much more, because some of the women wore nothing at all under theirlong dresses. God, how I used to look forward to those fights. I remember therush, the excitement, the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped anda young white breast was revealed, then quickly hidden. In my calendar, thatyear of drought will always be one of the best years of my childhood.11. But, in another way, the year of the drought was also one of the worst of mylife, because that was the year that Abu Raja, the retired cook, decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone. Every civilized village needed a telephone, he said, and Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one. A telephonewould link us with the outside world. A few men —like the retired Turkish-armydrill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper—did all they could to talk Abu Rajaout of having a telephone brought to the village. But they were outshouted andignored and finally shunned by the other villagers for resisting progress andtrying to keep a good thing from coming to Magdaluna.12.One warm day in early fall, many of the villagers were out in their fieldsrepairing walls or gathering wood for the winter when the shout went out thatthe telephone-company truck had arrived at Abu Raja's dikkan, or country store.When the truck came into view, everybody dropped what they were doing and ranto Abu Raja's house to see what was happening.13.It did not take long for the whole village to assemble at Abu Raja's dikkan.Some of the rich villagers walked right into the store and stood at the elbowsof the two important-looking men from the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests at Communion, to wire up the telephone. The poorer villagers stood outside and listened carefully to the details relayed to themby the not-so-poor people who stood in the doorway and could see inside.14. "The bald man is cutting the blue wire," someone said.15. "He is sticking the wire into the hole in the bottom of the black box," someoneelse added.16."The telephone man with the mustache is connecting two pieces of wire. Now heis twisting the ends together," a third voice chimed in.17.Because I was small, I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs toget a firsthand look at the action. Breathless, I watched as the men in blue puttogether a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk withuncles, aunts, and cousins who lived more than two days' ride away.18.It was shortly after sunset when the man with the mustache announced that thetelephone was ready to use. He explained that all Abu Raja had to do was liftthe receiver, turn the crank on the black box a few times, and wait for an operator to take his call. Abu Raja grabbed the receiver and turned the crank forcefully.Within moments, he was talking with his brother in Beirut. He didn't even haveto raise his voice or shout to be heard.19. And the telephone, as it turned out, was bad news. With its coming, the faceof the village began to change. One of the fast effects was the shifting of thevillage's center. Before the telephone's arrival, the men of the village usedto gather regularly at the house of Im Kaleem, a short, middle-aged widow withjet-black hair and a raspy voice that could be heard all over the village, evenwhen she was only whispering. She was a devout Catholic and also the villagewhore. The men met at her house to argue about politics and drink coffee andplay cards or backgammon. Im Kaleem was not a true prostitute, however, becauseshe did not charge for her services —not even for the coffee and tea that sheserved the men. She did not need the money; her son, who was overseas in Africa, sent her money regularly. Im Kaleem loved all the men she entertained, and they loved her, every one of them. In a way, she was married to all the men in thevillage. Everybody knew it but nobody objected. Actually I suspect the womendid not mind their husbands'visits to Im Kaleem. Oh, they wrung their hands and complained to one another about their men's unfaithfulness, but secretly theywere relieved, because Im Kaleem took some of the pressure off them and keptthe men out of their hair while they attended to their endless chores. Im Kaleem was also a kind of confessor and troubleshooter, talking sense to those men who were having family problems, especially the younger ones.20. Before the telephone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem's house was bustling at justabout any time of day, especially at night, when the loud voices of the mentalking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street below —a reassuring, homey sound. Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.21. But it wasn't long before many of those men— the younger ones especially —startedspending more of their days and evenings at Abu Raja's dikkan. There, they would eat and drink and talk and play checkers and backgammon, and then lean theirchairs back against the wall —the signal that they were ready to toss back andforth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village. And they werealways looking up from their games and drinks and talk to glance at the phonein the corner, as if expecting it to ring any minute and bring news that wouldchange their lives and deliver them from their aimless existence. In the meantime, they smoked cheap, hand-rolled cigarettes, dug dirt out from under their fingernails with big pocketknives, and drank lukewarm sodas that they calledKacula, Seffen-Ub, and Bebsi.22.The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrativebusiness —a source of much-needed income. Before, I used to hang around ImKaleem's courtyard and play marbles with the other kids, waiting for some manto call down from a window and ask me to run to the store for cigarettes or liquor, or to deliver a message to his wife, such as what he wanted for supper. Therewas always something in it for me: a ten or even a twenty-five-piaster piece.On a good day, I ran nine or ten of those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that I usually lost to other boys. But as the days went by fewer andfewer men came to Im Kaleem's, and more and more congregated at Abu Raja's towait by the telephone. In the evenings, the laughter and noise of the men trailed off and finally stopped.23.At Abu Raja's dikkan, the calls did eventually come, as expected, and menand women started leaving the village the way a hailstorm begins: first one,then two, then bunches.24. The army took them. Jobs in the cities lured them. And ships and airplanes carriedthem to such faraway places as Australia and Brazil and New Zealand. My friendKameel, his cousin Habeeb, and their cousins and my cousins all went away tobecome ditch diggers and mechanics and butcher-shop boys and deli owners whowore dirty aprons sixteen hours a day, all looking for a better life than theone they had left behind. Within a year, only the sick,the old, and the maimed were left in the village.Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from.25.Finally, the telephone took my family away, too. My father got a call from anold army buddy who told him that an oil company in southern Lebanon was hiringinterpreters and instructors. My father applied for a job and got it, and we movedto Sidon, where I went to a Presbyterian missionary school and graduated in1962. Three years later, having won a scholarship, I left Lebanon for theUnited States. Like the others who left Magdaluna before me, I am still looking for that better life. (2121 words)。
精读4unit6thetelephone作者对村庄变化的态度
【原创版】
目录
1.文章概述
2.作者对村庄变化的态度
3.村庄变化的具体体现
4.作者对电话的看法
5.总结
正文
1.文章概述
《精读 4unit6thetelephone》这篇文章主要描述了作者对于一个村庄在引入电话之后所发生的变化的观察和思考。
作者以一种批判的眼光看待这些变化，认为这些改变并非都是积极的。
2.作者对村庄变化的态度
作者对于村庄的变化持一种消极的态度。
他认为，虽然电话带来了便利，但同时也破坏了村庄原有的宁静和生活节奏。
电话的引入使得村庄变得喧闹，人们的生活受到了干扰。
3.村庄变化的具体体现
在文章中，作者详细描绘了村庄在引入电话之后的种种变化。
他描述道，电话的铃声打破了村庄的宁静，人们不再像以前那样互相拜访，而是选择打电话。
这样的改变使得村庄失去了原有的人情味，变得冷漠。
4.作者对电话的看法
作者认为，电话并非完全的坏事，它也为人们带来了便利。
但作者同时指出，电话的使用需要适度，过度依赖电话会使人们的生活失去真实感，
也会破坏人与人之间的亲密关系。
5.总结
总的来说，作者对于电话在村庄中的作用持一种批判的态度。
他认为，虽然电话带来了便利，但也带来了许多负面影响。
Book 4-Unit 5Text AThe TelephoneAnwar F. Accawi1.When I was growing up in Magdaluna, a small Lebanese village in theterraced, rocky mountains east of Sidon, time didn't mean much toanybody, except maybe to those whowere dying. In those days, there was no real need for a calendar or awatch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. We knewwhat to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to flynorth, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. The onlytimepiece we had need of then was the sun. It rose and set, and theseasons rolled by and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and playedand married our cousins and had babies who got whooping cough andchickenpox—and those children who survived grew up and marriedtheir cousins and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to knowwhat year it was, or even the timeof day.2.It wasn't that we had no system for keeping track of time and of the importantevents in ourlives. But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine — calendar, because itwas framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods andlocusts and pestilences. Simple as our calendar was, it worked just finefor us.3.Take, for example, the birth date of Teta Im Khalil, the oldestwoman in Magdaluna and all the surrounding villages. When Iasked Grandma, "How old is Teta Im Khalil?"4.Grandma had to think for a moment; then she said, "I've been toldthat Teta was born shortly after the big snow that caused the roof onthe mayor's house to cave in."5."And when was that?" I asked.6."Oh, about the time we had the big earthquake that cracked the wall in the eastroom."7.Well, that was enough for me. You couldn't be more accurate than that, now,could you?8.And that's the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybodycould remember. One of the most unusual of the dates was when awhirlwind struck during which fish and oranges fell from the sky.Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true,because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told andretold that story untilit was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar.9.The year of the fish-bearing whirlpool was not the last remarkable year.Many others followed in which strange and wonderful things happened.There was, for instance, the yearof the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the springfrom which the entire village got its drinking water slowed to a trickle.The spring was about a mile from the village, in a ravine that opened atone end into a small, flat clearing covered with fine gray dust and hard,marble-sized goat droppings. In the year of the drought, that littleclearingwas always packed full of noisy kids with big brown eyes and stickyhands, and their mothers —sinewy, overworked young women withcracked, brown heels. The children ran around playing tag or hide-and-seek while the women talked, shooed flies, and awaited their turns to fillup their jars with drinking water to bring home to their napping menand wet babies. There were days when we had to wait from sunup untillate afternoon just to fill a small clay jar with precious, cool water.10.S ometimes, amid the long wait and the heat and the flies and the smellof goat dung, tempers flared, and the younger women, anxious abouttheir babies, argued over whose turnit was to fill up her jar. And sometimes the arguments escalated intofull-blown, knockdown-dragout fights; the women would grab eachother by the hair and curse and scream and spit and call each othernames that made my ears tingle. We little brown boys who went withour mothers to fetch water loved these fights, because we got to see thewomen's legs and their colored panties as they grappled and rolledaround in the dust. Oncein a while, we got lucky and saw much more, because some of thewomen wore nothing at all under their long dresses. God, how I usedto look forward to those fights. I remember the rush, the excitement,the sun dancing on the dust clouds as a dress ripped and a youngwhite breast was revealed, then quickly hidden. In my calendar, thatyear of drought will always be one of the best years of my childhood.11.B ut, in another way, the year of the drought was also one of the worstof my life, because that was the year that Abu Raja, the retired cook,decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone. Every civilizedvillage needed a telephone, he said, and Magdaluna was not going toget anywhere until it had one. A telephone would link us with theoutside world. A fewmen—like the retired Turkish-army drill sergeant, and the vineyard keeper —did all they couldto talk Abu Raja out of having a telephone brought to the village. But they were outshoutedand ignored and finally shunned by the other villagers for resisting progress and trying tokeep a good thing from coming to Magdaluna.12. O ne warm day in early fall, many of the villagers were out in theirfields repairing walls or gathering wood for the winter when the shoutwent out that the telephone-company truckhad arrived at Abu Raja's dikkan, or country store. When the truckcame into view, everybody dropped what they were doing and ran toAbu Raja's house to see what was happening.13.I t did not take long for the whole village to assemble at Abu Raja'sdikkan. Some of the rich villagers walked right into the store andstood at the elbows of the two important-lookingmen from the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests atCommunion, to wire up the telephone. The poorer villagers stoodoutside and listened carefully to the details relayed to them by the not-so-poor people who stood in the doorway and could see inside.14."The bald man is cutting the blue wire," someone said.15."He is sticking the wire into the hole in the bottom of the black box," someoneelse added.16."The telephone man with the mustache is connecting two pieces ofwire. Now he is twisting the ends together," a third voice chimed in.17.B ecause I was small, I wriggled my way through the dense forest oflegs to get a firsthand look at the action. Breathless, I watched asthe men in blue put together a black machinethat supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles, aunts, andcousins who lived more than two days' ride away.18.I t was shortly after sunset when the man with the mustache announced thatthe telephonewas ready to use. He explained that all Abu Raja had to do was lift thereceiver, turn the crank on the black box a few times, and wait for anoperator to take his call. Abu Raja grabbed the receiver and turned thecrank forcefully. Within moments, he was talking withhis brother in Beirut. He didn't even have to raise his voice or shout to be heard.19.A nd the telephone, as it turned out, was bad news. With its coming, the face ofthe villagebegan to change. One of the fast effects was the shifting of the village'scenter. Before the telephone's arrival, the men of the village used togather regularly at the house of Im Kaleem, a short, middle-aged widowwith jet-black hair and a raspy voice that could be heard all over thevillage, even when she was only whispering. She was a devout Catholicand also the village whore. The men met at her house to argue aboutpolitics and drink coffee and play cards or backgammon. Im Kaleemwas not a true prostitute, however, because she did not charge for herservices —not even for the coffee and tea that she served the men. Shedid not need the money; her son, who was overseas in Africa, sent hermoney regularly. Im Kaleem loved all the men she entertained, and theyloved her, every one of them. In a way, she was married to all the menin the village. Everybody knew it but nobody objected. Actually I suspect the women did not mind their husbands'visits to Im Kaleem. Oh, theywrung their hands and complained to one another about their men'sunfaithfulness, but secretly they were relieved, because Im Kaleem tooksome of the pressure off them and kept the men outof their hair while they attended to their endless chores. Im Kaleem wasalso a kind of confessor and troubleshooter, talking sense to those menwho were having family problems, especially the younger ones.20.B efore the telephone came to Magdaluna, Im Kaleem's house was bustling atjust about anytime of day, especially at night, when the loud voices of the men talking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street below —a reassuring, homey sound. Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for theweary village men, exhausted from having so little to do.21.B ut it wasn't long before many of those men —the younger onesespecially—started spending more of their days and evenings at AbuRaja's dikkan. There, they would eat and drink and talk and playcheckers and backgammon, and then lean their chairs back against thewall —the signal that they were ready to toss back and forth, like a ball,the latest rumors going around the village. And they were alwayslooking up from their games and drinks and talk to glance at the phonein the corner, as if expecting it to ring any minute and bring news thatwould change their lives and deliver them from their aimless existence.In the meantime,they smoked cheap, hand-rolled cigarettes, dug dirt out from undertheir fingernails with big pocketknives, and drank lukewarm sodasthat they called Kacula, Seffen-Ub, and Bebsi.22. T he telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away mylucrative business —a source of much-needed income. Before, I used tohang around Im Kaleem's courtyard and play marbles with the otherkids, waiting for some man to call down from a window and askme to run to the store for cigarettes or liquor, or to deliver a message to his wife, such aswhat he wanted for supper. There was always something in it for me: aten or even a twenty-five-piaster piece. On a good day, I ran nine or tenof those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that Iusually lost to other boys. But as the days went by fewer and fewer mencame to Im Kaleem's, and more and more congregated at Abu Raja's towait bythe telephone. In the evenings, the laughter and noise of the mentrailed off and finally stopped.23.A t Abu Raja's dikkan, the calls did eventually come, as expected, andmen and women started leaving the village the way a hailstorm begins:first one, then two, then bunches.24.T he army took them. Jobs in the cities lured them. And ships andairplanes carried them to such faraway places as Australia and Braziland New Zealand. My friend Kameel, his cousin Habeeb, and theircousins and my cousins all went away to become ditch diggers andmechanics and butcher-shop boys and deli owners who wore dirtyaprons sixteen hours a day, all looking for a better life than the onethey had left behind. Within a year, only the sick, the old, and themaimed were left in the village. Magdaluna became a skeleton of itsformer self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from.25.F inally, the telephone took my family away, too. My father got a callfrom an old army buddy who told him that an oil company in southern Lebanon was hiring interpreters and instructors. My father applied for a job and got it, and we moved to Sidon, where I went to aPresbyterian missionary school and graduated in 1962. Three yearslater, having won a scholarship, I left Lebanon for the United States.Like the others who left Magdaluna before me, I am still looking for that better life. (2121 words)。
◆Unit 6 The Telephone Key to Exercises◆Q Do the following exercises.◆1 Translate, paying attention to the use of the bold type.◆这辆二手车买得很便宜。
◆他的讲话被打断/缩短了。
◆在这里建造铁路之前，先要把这里的水抽千。
◆这花瓶擦干净以后看起来就会和新的一样。
◆这房子被刷成了淡绿色。
◆就在那时，门被突然賜开。
◆恐怖分子被枪杀，人质都被释放。
◆在日本，鱼往往是生吃的。
◆这可怜的孩子生下来就失聪，不久又失明了。
◆10.据说在皇陵完工的时候，那些建造皇陵的工人都被活埋在里面。
◆2 Give the corresponding adjectives of the following names of countries.◆1. Iraqi◆2. Pakistani◆3. Yemeni◆4. Lebanese◆5. Danish◆6. Hungarian◆7. Belgian◆8. Argentine◆9. Swedish◆10. Swiss◆11. Norwegian◆12. Polish◆3 Review how these words are formed.◆These are compound adjectives consisting of a noun plus an adjective with the noun serving as a modifier of the adjective. “Jet-black” for example means “as black as jet (a◆hard black material).”◆Vocabulary◆Q Translate the following expressions.◆Into English◆1. crack the walls◆2. save souls◆3. play hide-and-seek◆4. slow to a trickle◆5. grab sb by the hair◆6. call sb names◆7. rip her shirt◆8. reveal the secret◆9. resist progress◆10. c ome into view◆11. gather firewood◆12. talk sb out of doing sth◆13. wriggle one’s way out of the crowd ◆14. run errands◆15. deliver sb from suffering◆16. assure a steady supply◆17. take the pressure off sb◆18. keep him out of one’s hair◆Into Chinese◆梯田◆多岩石的群山◆百日咳◆周围的村庄◆林中的一块空地◆粉尘◆羊粪◆黏糊糊的双手◆精瘦强健的妇女◆旌旗如林◆第一手资料◆漆黑的头发◆一位虔诚的天主教徒◆家务事◆一种让人感到在家般自在的声音◆手卷香烟◆有利可图/十分挣钱的生意◆一家肉铺◆它原来模样的空架子◆一所教会学校◆Q Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text.◆1. caved in◆2. charged, lucrative◆3. talk him out of it, resist◆4. an argument, escalating◆5. relayed to/delivered to, assemble/congregate◆6. been reduced to mere skeletons, save/deliver◆7. began to/proceeded to, with utmost gravity◆8. cracked◆9. keep unwanted visitors off your hair◆10. packed with people, wriggle◆K1 Translate the following sentences into English.◆1. Incredible as it may sound, I hear that they charge 40 yuan for a bowl of simple noodles at the airport.◆2. Sun Quan finally talked everybody into agreeing to put Lu Xun, a young scholar, in charge of/commanding this decisive battle.◆3. He was arrested on the charge of smuggling, but in accordance with the law, no citizen can be arrested without evidence.◆4. She dropped the plate on the ground, but it miraculously did not break, without so much as a crack.◆5. I can assure you that if we dig a well deep enough here, we will strike water. So if you guys have no objection, let’s get started.◆6. She takes delight in shifting the tables and chairs in this room so as to give the room a new look.◆7. The focus of our economic development has shifted from the coastal areas in the east to the central and western areas.◆8. He shifted/changed to the highest gear, thus leaving all the other cars far behind.◆9. I maintained that smoking should be forbidden, but he disagreed because he said that the tobacco industry was an important source of government revenue.◆10. The local people raised a strong objection to installing the cable car over that beautiful mountain.◆Q Choose the right word(s) in their proper forms.◆1. assure◆2. assured◆3. reassuring◆4. insured, ensured◆5. ensure, reassured◆6. reassuringly◆2 1. twisted/turned◆3. wring◆4. distorted/twisted◆5. twisted◆6. twisted◆7. wringing◆3 1. gathered/assembled◆2. assembling◆3. gather/collect, gathered/collected◆4. gathering, assembled/gathered, collectors◆5. collect/gather◆6. collect,◆collecting,◆collection◆4 1. crack, break◆2. cracked, tear◆3. tore◆4. split, broke◆5. break, Split◆6. tore/ripped◆7. tom◆5 1. abandoned◆2. abandoned/deserted/forsaken, abandoned/deserted/forsaken◆3. abandon/desert/forsake◆4. desert◆5. forsaken, deserted◆6. abandoned◆1. ignore◆2. neglect◆3. overlook◆4. neglected◆5. ignore◆6. neglecting◆B Point out which of the following sentences contain paradox and which oxymoron.◆1 paradox◆2. paradox◆3. oxymoron◆4. oxymoron◆5. oxymoron◆7. paradox◆8. paradox◆9. oxymoron◆10. paradox◆11. paradox◆12. paradox◆13. paradox◆14. paradox◆15. oxymoron◆16. paradox◆Grammar◆D Learn to use as and though as concessive conjunctions.◆1 Group the patterns of concessive clauses in the following sentences into the categories listed below.◆Ol，2，3,6 ©4,9 ©5,8 ©7,10◆2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using the patterns of concessive cl^uscs listed in the previous exercise.◆1 • Simple as it is◆2. Much as he loves his children◆3. Try as he might◆4. Trash as it is◆5. Happy and contented as they are in retirement◆6. Hard taskmaster though he appeared to be in the lab◆7. Tempting though it was◆8. Perfect talk show host though he is◆9. Much as I respect him◆10. Proud as they are of their father◆B Learn to use It is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth.◆1 Study the use of It is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth in the following sentences and put each into a category listed below.◆The structure “it is/was (high) time (that)."，，is used to convey two meanings. One is “approximately the right time，” the other being “long past the right time.” For example, “It’s◆time you went to bed” can mean either that “You should have gone to bed much earlier” (often stated with emphasis on the word “time”)，or that “Now is the appropriate time for you to go to bed.” The precise meaning of this term depends on the tone of voice and/or the◆context.◆O 1,3, 6, 7 ©2,4,5, 8◆2 Translate the sentences into English using it is/was (high) time (that) sb did sth.◆1. We've been training for the whole morning. It’s time we took a break and had lunch.◆2. The Johnsons decided that it was high time their 40-year-old son moved out of their house. ◆3. Twenty years have passed, and it’s time we buried the past misunderstandings of our two families.◆4. It’s time we protested publicly and said no to such gender discrimination in this department.◆5. It’s time unions and manage ment sat down and worked out a real solution to the problem.◆6 it h time national leaders took stock of their nation’s resources and worked out realistic plans.◆Q Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.◆1 • This is a complex sentence.◆Main clause: the story of the fish and oranges was true Subordinate clauses:◆Adverbial clauses of concession: Incredible as it may sound◆Adverbial clauses of reason: because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdalene’s calendar Both adverbial clauses modify the predicate verb of the main clause was true.◆In the second clause there are two subordinate clauses:◆1) who would not lie even to save their own souls (a relative clause modifying the subject of the reason clause “men”)◆2) until it was incorporated into Magdalene’s calendar (a time clause modifying its main ve rb “told and retold”）◆2. It is also a complex sentence.◆Main clause: I watched◆Subordinate clause: the rest of the sentence except for the opening word “breathless (This is a time clause)◆Within the subordinate clause:◆Two relative clauses:◆1) “That supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles, aunts, and cousins,” modifies “a black machine.”◆2) “Who lived more than two days' ride away," modifies “uncles，aunts, and cousins.”◆Q Translate the selection into Chinese.◆然而这个问题仍然没有得到答复。
精读4unit6thetelephone作者对村庄变化的态度摘要：1.文章主题：精读4unit6 the telephone 中作者对村庄变化的态度2.作者背景及写作背景3.文章主要内容概括4.作者对村庄变化的态度5.我国农村发展的现状与挑战6.结论正文：【提纲】1.文章主题：精读4unit6 the telephone 中作者对村庄变化的态度在精读4unit6 the telephone这篇文章中，作者以一个村庄的变化为例，表达了自己对于现代科技发展对农村生活带来的影响的态度。
【提纲】2.作者背景及写作背景作者没有具体说明，但从文章内容来看，可以推测作者应该是一位对农村生活有一定了解的人，或者至少是对农村生活有着深入研究的人。
文章的写作背景则可能是针对现代科技发展对农村生活带来的影响这一话题的探讨。
【提纲】3.文章主要内容概括文章主要描述了一个村庄从过去到现在的一系列变化，包括从传统的农耕生活方式向现代的电气化生活方式的转变，以及由此带来的人们生活节奏的加快和信息获取方式的改变。
【提纲】4.作者对村庄变化的态度作者对于村庄的这些变化持有一种复杂的態度。
一方面，作者认为这些变化是积极的，标志着我国农村的现代化和进步。
另一方面，作者也对于这种变化带来的一些负面影响表示担忧，比如人们生活节奏的加快，以及过度依赖电力可能带来的能源危机。
【提纲】5.我国农村发展的现状与挑战我国农村在经历了改革开放和现代化建设之后，确实发生了巨大的变化。
但是，农村发展仍然面临许多挑战，比如农业生产方式的转型升级，农村基础设施建设的完善，农村人口的流失等。
【提纲】6.结论总的来说，作者在文章中表达了对农村变化的深度关注和思考。
尽管现代化的进程带来了许多积极的变化，但也带来了一些新的挑战。
任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日Unit 6一、授课时间：第13—14周二．授课类型：课文分析10课时；习题讲解2课时三．授课题目：The Telephone四．授课时数：12五．教学目的和要求：通过讲授课文使学生了解作者以一个儿童的眼光和心理，通过大量事实描述了电话这一现代通讯工具给一个地处黎巴嫩山区小村庄的生活方式带来的影响，学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。
要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。
六．教学重点和难点：1）背景知识的传授：Chickenpox; Whooping Cough; Communion2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；3）语言点的理解：Word study: amid; bustling; chime; congregate; crank; curse; deli; desolate; devout; divine; drill; escalate; shun; wriggle; wringGrammar Focus: the patterns of concessive clauses七．教学基本内容和纲要Part One Warm – up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. How would you sum up this piece of writing in one sentence? What is it about?2. Why do you think the author gives the title “The Telephone”? What is the significance of the telephone in this narration?3. What was the author’s village like originally? What specific aspects did the author touch upon to give a vivid picture of this traditional society?Part Two Background Information2.1 Author2.2 Kacula, Seffen-ub, and BebsiPart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Theme of the text3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices3.2.1 contrast3.2.2 metaphor3.2.3 parallelism3.2.4 paradox任教课程：《综合英语》（二）年月日3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:4.1.3 Word Building4.2 Grammar4.2.1 ObjectPart Five Extension5.1 Group discussion5.2 Debating八、教学方法和措施本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。
