中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案 (1)

词汇（词形变换）一．填空题（共46小题）1．（2018•盐城）It is impolite to speak loudly in public．（polite）【解答】根据该空处在句中作表语，所给词polite为形容词意为"有礼貌的"可在句中作表语，根据空格后"speak loudly in public"可推知在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的．故填入polite的反义词impolite"不礼貌的"．故答案为：impolite．2．（2018•盐城）All of us should look straight ahead and keep running．（run）【解答】根据空格前为keep，所给词run为动词"跑"，可联想固定短语keep doing sth意为"不断、反复；、坚持做某事"，故填入run的动名词形式running．答案：running．3．（2018•盐城）Dickinson's poems are very popular with readers even today．（read）【解答】根据句中含有固定短语be popular with 意为"受……欢迎"，所给词read为动词意为"读"可推知狄金森的诗歌受到读者的欢迎．故联想read对应的表示人的名词reader"读者"，故填入reader的复数．故答案为：readers．4．（2018•盐城）The world is changing rapidly，and we should keep up with the pace of change．（rapid）【解答】根据该空处在句中作状语故填入副词修饰动词changing，所给词rapid为形容词意为"迅速的"故填入其对应的副词rapidly．故答案为：rapidly．5．（2018•盐城）Modem Chinese Art itself needs new works to keep it alive and moving forward．（it）【解答】考查反身代词．句意"现代中国艺术___需要新的作品来保持它的生命力和向前发展．" 根据所给单词，可知，这里是"抽象名词+itself"．应该是"它自己"．填it的反身代词itself．故答案是：itself．6．（2017•盐城）Taking a pair of binoculars can help you see the birds clearly（clear）．【解答】答案：clearly．根据Taking a pair of binoculars can help you see the birds﹣﹣（clear）．可知带一副双筒望远镜可以帮助你清楚地看到鸟．这里修饰动词应该用副词形式．故填clearly．7．（2017•盐城）At the beginning（begin）of the concert，Tan Dun played a piece of music with water．【解答】答案：beginning．根据At the﹣﹣（begin）of the concert，Tan Dun played a piece of music with water，可知音乐会开始时，谭盾用水演奏了一首乐曲．这里放在the和of之间应该用名词形式．故填beginning．8．（2017•盐城）It seems impossible（possible）for Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese．【解答】答案：impossible．根据It seems﹣﹣（possible）for Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3billion Chinese，可知春节联欢晚会让13亿中国人都满意是不可能的．从这里for Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese，可知春节联欢晚会让13亿中国人都满意是不可能的，所以这里用它的反义词impossible，故填impossible．9．（2017•盐城）Yancheng has the second（two）largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province．【解答】答案：second．根据Yancheng has the﹣﹣（two）largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province，可知盐城是江苏省人口超过800万的第二大城市，这里表示事物顺序，应该用序数词．故填second．10．（2017•盐城）The poor homeless（home）boy often did his homework in the street by the light of a restaurant．【解答】答案：homeless．根据The poor﹣﹣（home）boy often did his homework in the street by the light of a restaurant可知那个可怜的无家可归的男孩常在街上饭馆的灯光下做作业．根据boy often did his homework in the street by the light of a restaurant，可以推断这个男孩应该是无家可归的．这里用形容词homeless修饰boy．故填homeless．11．（2016•盐城）I remember exactly what Audrey Hepburn looked like in her first film （exact ）【解答】答案：exactly 根据题干I remember___what Audrey Hepburn looked like in her first film （exact ）可知句意为：我清楚地记得奥黛丽•赫本在她的第一部电影中是什么样子的．修饰动词remember，应该用副词．exact，准确的，形容词，副词形式exactly，确切地，故填：exactly．12．（2016•盐城）Without your support，I am unable to complete this documentary on time （able）【解答】答案：unable 根据题干Without your support，可知句意为：没有你的支持．再结合提示词，推断可知下文应该是说，我就不能按时完成这部纪录片．be able to，动词短语，能，会．否定式：be not able to＝be unable to，unable，不能的，形容词．故填：unable．13．（2016•盐城）Many countries in the world have reached an agreement to reduce air pollution （agree ）【解答】答案：agreement 根据题干Many countries in the world have reached an____to reduce air pollution （agree ）可知句意为：世界上许多国家对于减少空气污染，已达成了一项协议．不定冠词an+可数名词单数．agree，同意，动词．名词形式agreement，同意，协议．故填：agreement．14．（2016•盐城）To be a good citizen，one should draw a clear division line between good and bad （divide ）【解答】答案：division 根据题干To be a good citizen，one should draw a clear____line between good and bad （divide ）可知句意为：要成为一个好公民，一个人应该在好与坏之间画出一条清晰的界限．division，分开，分隔，名词．修饰名词line，作定语．divide，分开，动词．故填：division．15．（2016•盐城）根据句意用所给的单词的适当形式填空．Yang Jiang published a book of her three﹣member﹣family's life We Three in her nineties （ninety ）【解答】答案：nineties 根据题干Yang Jiang published a book of her three﹣member﹣family's life We Three in her___（ninety ）可知句意为：在杨绛九十多岁时，出版了一本关于她三个成员的家庭生活的书《我们仨》．in+one's+"几十"的复数形式．九十，ninety，九十多岁：in her nineties，故填：nineties．16．（2015•盐城）Everyone should behave politely in public．（polite）【解答】答案是：politely副词修饰动词﹣﹣behave，这是副词的一个基本的用法．所以答案是politely 17．（2015•盐城）﹣﹣Who's that boy standing over there？﹣﹣Sam，a foreign friend of mine．（I）【解答】答案：mine．根据句中关键词a foreign friend of…可知，此处应用双重所有格形式：of+名词性物主代词，I的名词性物主代词是mine，故填：mine．18．（2015•盐城）After working all night，Kate couldn't stay awake the next morning．（wake）【解答】保持原来的状态用stay+形容词．wake的形容词形式是awake．故填awake 19．（2015•盐城）The UK is an old European country，where there are many palaces and castles．（Europe）【解答】答案：European．本句中old和所填词都是修饰country的，故用Europe的形容词形式．故填European．20．（2015•盐城）Nothing would prevent UNICEF，an international charity，raising the living standards of the children in poor areas．（raise）【解答】答案：raising．该题考查固定短语prevent sb．（from）doing sth，阻止某人做某事；故填raising．21．（2014•盐城）There is no need for you to go（go）to school tomorrow．【解答】本题是根据句意用所给动词的适当形式填空，在本句中，go做非谓语动词，用to go，并且和后面的to school作本句的主语，故答案应为to go．22．（2014•盐城）I think A bite of China is well worth watching（watch）．【解答】根据句意，本题考查be worth doing，所以答案为：watching23．（2014•盐城）Scientists are working hard to make the dream come（come）true．【解答】本题考查make somebody/something do，所以答案为：come24．（2014•盐城）The person who is the earliest will get what he or she wants（want）．【解答】根据句意，空处为一般现在时，主语he or she 为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也需使用动词的三单形式，故答案为：wants25．（2014•盐城）Next week a speech will be given（give）by an artist in our school．【解答】根据Next week，可知这个句子的时态为将来时，又根据a speech在这里作主语，而a speech是give这个动作的承受者，那么谓语动词应该用被动语态，所以这个句子使用的是一般将来时的被动语态．它的结构为：will+be+动词的过去分词．故填will be given．26．（2013•盐城）What a sunny（sun）day!Let's go hiking．【解答】答案：sunny．根据句意"多么晴朗的天气啊！让我们去远足吧．"判断设空处应填sun的形容词形式sunny 修饰名词day，故答案为：sunny．27．（2013•盐城）China became the second largest（large）movie market in the world，behind the US．【解答】答案：largest本题考查了形容词的比较级和最高级的用法．根据比较的范围in the world，并联系句意和常识，可理解为"第…最+形容词"，表示"第…最"，因而要用最高级形式，格式为"the+序数词+最高级"，因而为the second largest．在此要注意的是最高级前面无需再加定冠词the．因为在序数词前面已经有the，避免重复．28．（2013•盐城）We often ask ourselves（us）how we can do more for our country．【解答】答案：ourselves．根据所给单词结合how we can do more for our country推测句意为："我们经常自问我们怎样才能为国家做更多．"因为这里是同一个人，形成互指关系，设空处应填宾格us（我们）的反身代词"我们自己"ourselves，故答案为：ourselves．29．（2013•盐城）What do you think is the greatest invention（invent）of the twentieth century？【解答】答案：invention 根据the greatest…of可知此处需要名词形式，所给词invent为动词，其名词形式为invention，谓语动词is为单数．故答案为：invention 30．（2012•盐城）"Help yourself（you）to some fish．"Lucy said to Aunt Amy politely．【解答】答案：yourself 根据句意为help oneself结构，意为"自取，自用"又因对她的婶婶说道，为单数，你自己，故填yourself．31．（2012•盐城）John is so dishonest（honest）that no one believes him．【解答】答案：dishonest；该题考查学生对词汇的掌握；根据句中的no one believes him 可知"约翰不诚实"；不诚实的，dishonest；故填dishonest．32．（2012•盐城）Many people do not know the importance（important）of the wetlands．【解答】答案：importance 根据the…of the wetlands可知此处的意思为湿地的重要性．重要性是名词，所给的important为形容词，重要的．important的名词为importance（不可数名词）．故答案是importance33．（2012•盐城）There were thirty people in the classroom，including（include）the teacher．【解答】答案：including．including是include（包括）的动名词形式，利用现在分词作状语表示正在进行的伴随性动作，即包括老师在内，教室里有三十人，故答案为including．34．（2012•盐城）The development（develop）of science has changed our world a lot．【解答】答案：development 所给的develop为动词发展．根据"the…of science"可知此处是名词性短语"科学的发展"，故应用名词发展，develop的名词形式为development（不可数名词）．故答案为：development．35．（2012•盐城）Chinese national teams are actively（active）preparing for London Olympic Games．【解答】答案：actively 这个题目所给的是一个形容词，形容词一般修饰名词，而副词修饰动词、形容词和其他副词．preparing﹣准备，是动词，所以要用副词来修饰，active 的副词是在它的后面加ly．故填actively36．（2012•盐城）The boy is more than 2metres in height（high）and he is good at playing basketball．【解答】答案：height 结合句子的语境及联系括号中的提示词high，根据关键词in，可知这里指的是在高度上有多高，所以应用high的名词形式height，in height为固定搭配，意为在高度上．故填写height．37．（2011•盐城）My family live on the fifth（five）floor of the tall building．【解答】答案：fifth．根据on the﹣floor，可知在这里表示楼房的第几层，表示第几层应该用序数词表示，five的序数词是fifth．故填fifth．38．（2011•盐城）Simon and Linda didn't tell us the news．They wanted to keep the secret to themselves（they）．【解答】答案：themselves 根据介词所给词汇them和to可知to后面跟可以用作宾语的词汇，them和themselves都可以做宾语，但是这个句子填themselves符合题意：他们不想告诉我们这个消息，而是他们自己要保守这个秘密．故填themselves 39．（2011•盐城）Young readers（read）are crazy about Guo Jingming's books．【解答】答案：readers根据关键部分Young…are 并结合给出的词汇"read"，联系句意可知这里应是指人对郭敬明的书感到疯狂，read为动词，所以此处应用其名词形式，其变化形式是在词尾直接加er的后缀，意为"读者"；由于这里是指很多读者，所以应该用复数形式readers．故填写readers．40．（2011•盐城）Listen!The lovely birds are singing nicely and softly（soft）in the trees．【解答】答案：softly；根据句中的and可知所要填充的单词和nicely应该是并列的关系，两个词一起修饰动词sing，所以用副词形式softly，轻柔地；故填softly．41．（2011•盐城）Ricky had a pleasant（please）trip to Lushan Mountain last spring．【解答】答案：pleasant；该题考查学生对词性的掌握；根据句中的冠词a和名词trip，结合句中信息to Lushan Mountain，可知该空应填形容词形式pleasant修饰trip，令人愉快的；故填pleasant．42．（2010•盐城）Smoke from those big factories is harmful（harm）to the villagers nearby．【解答】答案：harmful．根据Smoke from those big factories is﹣﹣（harm）to the villagers nearby，可知那些大工厂的烟对附近的村民有害．is后面跟形容词形式．故填harmful．43．（2010•盐城）When the fire happened，the firemen hurried there and carried the children to safety（safe）．【解答】答案：safety．根据When the fire happened，the firemen hurried there and carried the children to﹣﹣（safe）．可知火灾发生时，消防队员赶到那里，把孩子们送到安全地带．to是一个介词，后面跟名词形式．故填safety．44．（2010•盐城）It is well known（know）that the Beijing Olympics in 2008was a great success．【解答】答案：known．根据It is well﹣﹣（know）that the Beijing Olympics in 2008was a great success，可知众所周知，2008北京奥运会取得了巨大成功．这里It is well known表示众所周知．故填known．45．（2010•盐城）His fans rushed towards him shortly（short）after the match．【解答】答案：shortly 根据提示，推测意思是比赛结束后，他的球迷们立即冲向他．这里需要副词修饰动词rushed ，故答案是shortly．46．（2010•盐城）To keep a lamp burning（burn），we have to keep putting oil in it．【解答】答案：burning．根据提示，推测意思是要使灯燃烧，我们必须不断地往里面装油．考查短语keep sth．doing，故答案是burning．二．词汇应用（共1小题）47．（2013•盐城）World Environment Day is on the fifth（five）of June．【解答】答案：fifth根据语境可以推断本句的句意是："世界环境日"是6月5日．时间表示法"几月几日"中，表示日期要使用序数词，five的序数词是fifth，故答案为：fifth。