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翻译技巧 之正说反译与反说正译

翻译技巧 之正说反译与反说正译


e.g. 800 people had been saved by the organization.
组织拯救了800人.
3、翻译成汉语判断句：不突出被动动 作，而着重于对事 物的状态、过程和性 质等加以描述，经常采用“是……的” 判断句。
e.g. This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry.
我一时想不起来这个名字。
2.Negative in English, Affirmative in Chinese 反说正译
e.g. My overcoat would not wear out.
我的大衣十分耐穿。
3.Double Negative for Emphasis 双重否定为强调
e.g. He was no small reputation as a scientist.
这种装置在机械表制造业中是很重要的。
4、把被动句中的“被”字用其它字替 代：“被”— “受、遭、让、由、得以、 受到、遭到、为……所”等。
e.g. The proposal on the improvement of the investment environment is accepted by all the members of the committee.
这条关于改善投资环境的建议为该委员会 全体委员所接受。
5、被动惯用句型：泛指我们、人们、 有人、大家等。
有人认为...
e.g. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.
正说反译

正说反译

1、正说反译：Miss the bus没有赶上车Live up to the expectations of my parent不辜负父母的期望Be absent from the meeting没有出席会议A final decision不可更改的决定Frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱Freeze别动Mortally ill不治之症The window refuses to open窗户打不开Children were excluded from getting in the building 儿童不许进入这个房间The explanation is pretty thin这个解释站不住脚I have fallen behind with my correspondence我有一些信件还没有回复Fully clothes, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep 衣服也不脱，他往床上横着一倒，不一会儿就睡着了Don’t lose time in posting this letter不要忘了寄这封信No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced凭票退押金例1：原文：她忍住了没有笑出声。

译文：She refrained from laughing.例2：原文：花园根本无人整理。

译文：The garden was in a state of total neglect.例3：原文：我不能忍受你的脾气。

译文：Your temper is more than I can bear.例4：原文：他宁死不屈。

译文：He would die before yielding.例5：原文：生活远非净是乐事。

译文：Life is far from being a bed of roses.例6：原文：风景美得无以言表。

句子翻译(3)

句子翻译(3)


Exercises: 1) The world today is far from peaceful. 今天的世界还很不安宁。 2) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. 证据确凿，毋庸置疑。 3) Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. 怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论。 4) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination. 那件事没有削弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决 心。
(5) can/could not + 比较级 1) I couldn’t feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。 2) I couldn’t agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。
(6)其他 1) If that isn’t what I want! 我想要的就是这个呀！ 2) He can’t see you quickly enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。
4) The pollution problem should be solved in good time. 污染问题应及时加以解决。 5) We were very much impressed by what she had said. 我们为她的言语深深打动。
(2) 译成汉语主动句 1) 保存原文主语 • This project should be finished as soon as possible. 这项工程应该尽早完成。 • This must be made clear to everybody. 这一点必须向大家讲明白。
与翻译有关的那些--反译法剖析

与翻译有关的那些--反译法剖析


正说反译法（短语）
某些固定短语一般要译作否定:
far from; free from; prevent… from; protect from….
but for; but that; anything but; cannot but.
other than; rather than; more than…can; 比较级+ than to do
我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。
5. His pronunciation is no better than mine.
他的发音和我的一样糟糕。
英语、汉语中都有从正面或反面 来表达一种概念的现象。
这里所谓正面表达和反面表达，
主要是指在英语中是否用
“no,not,never”或“de-, dis-, non-, im-, in-,un-,-less”等否定性词缀的 词；在汉语中是否用“不、非、无、
His hesitation led to his failure. • 他不果断/犹豫不决导致了他的失败。
正说反译法（虚词:介词）
To do this is beyond my ability. 干这事我力不胜任。 It was beyond his power to do so. 他无权这样做。 What you’ve said is above me. 你所说的我不懂。
反译法/正说反译、 反说正译法
(Negation)
试译以下句子: 1. No Smoking! 2. Wet Paint! 3. Just make yourself at home. 4. We must never stop taking an
optimistic view of life. 5. His pronunciation is no better
6 正说反译、反说正译法

6 正说反译、反说正译法


天渐渐有些亮了，但他们还在睡。 但他们还在睡。
1. I have failed to convince him of his error. 2. The teacher found some of the students absent. 3. His answer is beside the mark. 4. They never see each other without talking about Super Girl's Voice. 5. The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower lever. 6. That fellow is far from being honest. 7. She refrained from laughing. 8. All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work. [Version]
D: The Shift of Perspective (视角转换） (视角转换 视角转换） 7 .Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。 8. 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 原译：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. 改译：In the United States, guns are available to everyone. 9. The darkness was thinning, but they were still in bed.
Discussion: “你是人，你不是东西。你是东西吗？你真 不是东西！？我认为你不是东西。你算什么东西！” Version: You’re a person, not a thing. Aren’t you a person/a thing? Are you reliable/ some-thing? No, I don’t think so./Yes, I think so. What a creature you are! What a fool you are! You are a sheer idiot. I think you are an idiot. I don’t think you are trustworthy. You, really, are nothing. You think you are something. No, far from it. Purposes of Affirmation and Negation 1. to make the meaning clear, 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect, 3. make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language
30个句子翻译

30个句子翻译

正反译法:1 他这么做是有道理的。

(正说反译)He doesn't do it for nothing.2 活到老,学到老。

(正说反译)Never too late to learn.3趁还没忘记,我现在就来做这件事。

(反说正译)I'll do it now before I forget it.物称与人称1 我突然想到了一个主意。

An idea suddenly stuck me.2 他们欣喜若狂。

A great elation overcame them.3 他开始变得惊恐万状。

Alarm began to take entire possession of him.语态的转换1这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。

The boy was criticized yesterday.2 爱情不能强求。

Love can't be forced.3中国到处都在打乒乓球。

Table tennis is played all over China.重复的翻译1 幸福在于自知拥有幸福。

Happiness lies in the consciousness we have it.2 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天。

This is the springtime for the revolution, this is the springtime for the people, this is the springtime for the sciences.3 教育要面向全世界，面向社会，面向未来。

Education must be geared to the needs of the world, the society and the future.外位语翻译1 从各个方面考虑，我们认为这是个好的计划。

All things considered, it is a good plan.2你的朋友们会说什么呢？Your friend, what will they say?3那只猫吃了那只老鼠，连皮带骨都吃了。

正说反译,反说正译法例子

正说反译,反说正译法例子

正说反译,反说正译法例子
以下是 8 条关于正说反译、反说正译法的例子：
1. “你可别小看这事儿，不是那么简单的呀！”就像爬山，看着不高，实际爬起来累得够呛。

比如说，“我觉得你做不好”，反译过来就是“我不觉得你能做好”。

2. “他这人啊，从来都不主动帮忙”，这就好像一潭死水，毫无波澜。

像“他一直都很粗心”正说反译就是“他从来都不是细心的”。

3. “这个电影真没什么好看的”，哎呀，就跟喝白开水一样无味。

比如“她几乎不犯错”，反说正译就是“她基本上都是对的”。

4. “我才不要去那个地方呢”，那地方简直像个黑洞，让人抗拒。

“他很少说真话”正说反译就是“他不常说真话”。

5. “这菜太难吃了”，简直如同毒药一般啊。

像“她不太会说话”，反说正译就是“她不是很会说话”。

6. “别跟我提那件事，烦死了”，就好似耳边有只苍蝇嗡嗡响。

“他绝非善类”正说反译就是“他决不是好人”。

7. “今天真是倒霉透顶了”，仿佛被霉运缠身一样。

“你绝对不能这么做”反说正译就是“你绝不要这么做”。

8. “我可没那么多闲工夫”，就像时间是金子一样珍贵，不能随便浪费呀。

“他不完全明白”正说反译就是“他不是完全明白”。

我觉得这种翻译方法很有趣，能让我们更灵活地理解和运用语言，有时候能更加准确地表达出我们的意思呢！。

句子翻译正说反译反说正译

句子翻译正说反译反说正译

hard as ever. • 他不在，我感到很寂寞。 • In his absence, I felt very lonely. • 我很高兴看见你安然无恙。 • I am glad to see you safe and sound. • 他们的供应不足，冬季又将来临。 • Their supply line was thin and winter was
proposal with dignity.
正说反译
(一)汉、英两种语言的表达习惯不 同。
• 我很快就可以回老家了。
• It will not be long before I go back to my hometown.
(二)语气的需要。 • 有失才有得。
• You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs．
正说与反说
• 但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯 不同，在很多情况下会出现正说 反译，反说正译的情况。
• 我完全同意。 • I can't agree with you more. • 你们大错特错了。 • You couldn't be more mistaken.
正说与反说
• 油漆未干！ • Wet paint! • 不好意思！ • I‘m sorry. • 外表往往是靠不住的。 • Appearances are often deceptive. • 美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。 • The U.S.A accepted the peace
他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未 能在人群中见到他。
He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
英译汉技巧中的正反译法

英译汉技巧中的正反译法


反说正译 （二）双重否定正译。
• We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. • 我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。 • Such mistakes couldn’t long escape notice. • 这类错误迟早会被发觉的。 • He doesn’t lend his books to nobody • 他的书任何人都可以借 • One is never too old to learn. • 活到老，学到老。 • Nobody is without his faults • 人人都有缺点
• 突然，他听到背后有声音，意识到车库里还有别人。
• Our living conditions are no better than theirs • 我们的生活条件和他们的一样糟。
• I won’t be long. • 我一会儿就回来。
• There is no rule but has exceptions. • 凡规则总有例外。
• 即便如此，我仍坚持认为，对个人而言，最重要的莫过于这种根 植于个人心灵深处的是非感。
• I couldn’t feel better. • 我觉得身体好极了。
• I couldn’t agree with you more. • 我太赞成你的看法了。
反说正译 More
• Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage
many , not always • words with negative implication: hate, fail, deny, miss, lack,
正说反译-反说正译

正说反译-反说正译


1. Unless something is moved，no work is done. 译文：除非某种东西被移动，否则功不会被完 被 被 成。 2. Only objects struck by the light are visible. 译文：只有被光明照到的东西才能被看见。 被 被 上两句一定要用“被”字吗? 改译：1. 除非某种物体发生了 发生了移动，否则就没 发生了 没 有功。 2. 光照射到的物体是可见的 是可见的。 是可见的
(1) After you, sir. 先生，您先请。 (2) The worst of the problem is behind us. 这问题最坏的情况已经过去了。 3）The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted. 天渐渐有些亮了，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。 4）…… he drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands. 他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上，双 手拖着下巴。
参考译文
(1)他说他对她感激不尽，简直难以表达他的 谢意。 (2)他理应受到表扬，怎么表扬也不过分。 (3)遇到这种不幸事件愈少见邻居愈好。 (4)但愿我们搬得愈远愈好；我现在讨厌这该 死的小镇和这里所有的人。 (5)战争并不因我知道它终究会来就为了迎合 我而来得很快。
(1) All’s not smooth for Lakers. (标题) 湖人队未必一帆风顺。 (2) All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定就是金子。 (3) All is not right. 未必全对。 (4) Jordan replied, “Every year is not going to be a great year.” 乔丹回答说：“并不是每年都是顺利的”
正说反译反说正译法

正说反译反说正译法

shortage. • 如果谷物收成不好，将会出现严重的粮荒 • The letter failed to arrive. • 信没有送到。 • His secretary failed to tell him about it. • 他的秘书没有告诉他。
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
正说反译法（动词）
• They excluded children from getting in. • 他们不准小孩入内。 • The evidence is conclusive, excluding all
• Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country.
• 怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评 论
• She refrained from laughing. • 她忍住了，没有发笑。
questions. • 他试图避而不答我的问题。
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
• There正ar说e tw反o a译spe法cts（to形eve容ryt词hin）g,to say
there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other. • 任何事物都有两点，说只有一点叫只知其一 不知其二。 • The County Party Committee here is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels. • 那里的县委不了解下情。 • He is not only stupid,but also ignorant. • 不仅愚蠢，而且无知。

正说反译、反说正译法

• Some people think that man is the least reliable scientific instruments.
• 有些人认为人是最不可靠的科学仪器。
• But firemen succeeded in confirming the outbreak to warehouses containing less inflammable materials.
trying to avoid you ？ • 你知道她为什么总是不想见到你吗？ • He tried to avoid answering my
questions. • 他试图避而不答我的问题。
精品..
正说反译法（形容词）
• There are two aspects to everything,to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other.
• 任何事物都有两点，说只有一点叫只知其一 不知其二。
• The County Party Committee here is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels.
• 那里的县委不了解下情。
• He is not only stupid,but also ignorant. • 不仅愚蠢，而且无知。
精品..
正说反译、反说正译法
• 1、正说反译法（动词） • 2、正说反译法（形容词）
• 3、正说反译法（名词） • 4、正说反译法（虚词） • 5、正说反译法（短语）
精品..
正说反译法（动词）
• 含否定意义动词可反译fail,miss, lack,ignore,refuse,withhold,refrain,deny, overlook,exclude,neglect等

第七部分 正说反译,反说正译

第七部分正说反译，反说正译英译汉1．It is wiser than to believe what you call money talks。

我不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。

2．He could do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不让他再过从前的日子。

3．All graduates from Foreign Language Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work.外院的学生并非都被分配去做翻译工作。

4．Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master.非洲踢出西方帝国主义，不是为了请进新的主人。

5．Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.双方都认为开会不失体面地接受这样的和平方案。

6．One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。

7．Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。

8．The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste.月球上北京一个毫无生机的世界，是多山的不毛之地。

9．All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat.燃料中的所有化学能并不都转化为热能。

【精选】英汉翻译(9)正反译法26

• 6) Hawkins smiles like a man able to take care of himself. • 霍金斯笑起来的样子倒不象是个不会照顾自己的人。
• 7) I want everybody to have a fair deal. • 我要人人都不要欺诈。
2. A negative statement in English is put into
• 林肯总统被暗杀的消息不径而走。
• 3) The pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers. • 开拓者们轻视困难和种种危险。
• 4) Miss Fairlie kept to her room all day. • 法拉力整天足不出户。
• 5) Haste makes waste. • 欲速则不达。
• "I suppose I must," said Miss Sharp calmly, and much to the wonder of Miss Jemima;...
• “贝吉，你要进去跟娉克敦小姐道声别。” • “我想这是免不了的。”夏普小姐不动声色地说，而吉米
小姐直觉诧异。
• Affirmative-negative transformation of ad。
• 4) He can read fairly easily. • 他阅读没什么困难。
• Affirmative-negative transformation of adjectives
• 1) Pure metals have few useful properties. • 纯金属几乎没什么可取的特性。
an affirmative one in Chinese

正说反译与反说正译

正说反译与反说正译英语和汉语有相同之处，那就是在表达同一事物或同一概念时，往往可以从正面叙述，也可以从反面叙述。

比如我们可以说“很困难”（quite difficult），也可以改成“很不容易”（far from easy）；说做某事“竭尽全力”（do one’s best），也可以说“不遗余力”（spare no effect）；可以说某个学生成绩“还好”（good），也可以说“不错”（not bad）。

但由于思维方式的不同，英语中有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面表达；而有些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正面来表达。

因此，英译汉时常常有必要进行转换。

这就是通常所说的“正说反译与反说正译”法。

如英语中的“wet Paint！”，汉语中常说成“油漆未干”，英语中说“I won’t keep you waiting long ”汉语中却说“我一会而就回来。

”1、正说反译：Miss the bus没有赶上车Live up to the expectations of my parent不辜负父母的期望Be absent from the meeting没有出席会议A final decision不可更改的决定Frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱Freeze别动Mortally ill不治之症The window refuses to open窗户打不开The explanation is pretty thin这个解释站不住脚Beauty is but skin deep.美丽但不肤浅。

Opportunity knocks but once.机会只来一次。

Keep upright切勿倒置。

Agreeable sweetness甜而不腻。

I doubt it我不相信。

Mind your steep当心脚下。

2、反说正译：The specification lacks detail.说明书不够详细。

E-C 正话反译,反话正译练习

Exercise（正说反译、反说正译）Part 11) All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.2) Mr. White has refrained from making an official comment on the coup in that country.3) That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.4) The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.5) Please tender exact fare.6) You should seize the opportune moment to put in a good word for me.K e y:1) 吹捧你的人并非都是你忠实的朋友。

2）怀特先生没有对那国的政变发表官方（正式）评论。

3）那件事没有削弱我们的决心，反而增强了我们的决心。

4）证据确凿，毋庸置疑。

5) 恕不找赎6）你应该不失时机的为我说情（好话）。

Part 21.Mattie’s hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasped on it a moment longer than was necessary.2.Please tender exact fare.3.Keep in line.4.Only three customers remained in the bar.5.I will be here for good this time.6.Wait, he is serious.7.Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!8.If all three of you take part in it, there can be no further questioning of your courage.9.I was sitting behind a pint.10.After you.11.He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.12.I know all about him. A nasty piece of work. was passed over by the Industrial Revolution.14.Siegfried did his best, but his charm bounded off the little man.Key:1.Mattie的手在下，Ethan把它握住，没有立即就放。

大学英语翻译-正反译法


否定句
No more …than You can no more swim than I can fly.
(= Just as I can not fly, you can not swim.) 跟我不能飞行一样，你也不能游泳．
注解：在后面的部分，表面上虽然有肯定的形 式，但其含义是否定的．可译为： “与．．．同样不是”，或 “ 跟．．．一样不能”等．更多的例句：
积习难除。
五、视角转换
7. He knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue.
他的脸碰在了门上，因此，他的面颊变得青一块， 紫一块。
8. Ten to one the train will be late.
这趟火车十之八九要晚点。 9. 在美国，人人都能买到枪。
五、视角转换
1. Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。 2. Jackson was quite open.
没有人防守杰克逊。
3. I won’t keep you waiting long.
我一会儿就回来。
五、视角转换
4. The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted.
议．
Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.
五、视角转换
视角转换定义：按照译语的思维 方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的 信息，从与原语不同（不包括相 反）的角度来表达同样意思。
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反说正译
第三，英语有更简练而恰当的表达 法。 • 人不可貌相。 Beauty is but skin deep． 第四，把原文隐含的意思明了化。 • 我觉得这么做后果不妙。 I think the worst of the problem is behind us．
反说正译
• 日子很快过去了，她做工却丝毫没有松懈。 • The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever. • 他不在，我感到很寂寞。 • In his absence, I felt very lonely. • 我很高兴看见你安然无恙。 • I am glad to see you safe and sound. • 他们的供应不足，冬季又将来临。 • Their supply line was thin and winter was coming on. • 他不自然地咳了起来。 • He coughed with embarrassment.
•
•
• 只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的。 （unless） • He will certainly come unless he is ill. • 她只觉得头晕眼花，辩不出路径。 (too…to…) • She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come. • 他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 • His hint escaped me.
反说正译
• • • 5.连词： unless, before, until, rather than, or 等等。 不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge. 部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops. 他宁愿饿死，不愿行窃。 He will die of hunger bef两种语言的表达习惯不 同。 • 我很快就可以回老家了。 • It will not be long before I go back to my hometown. (二)语气的需要。 • 有失才有得。 • You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs．
正说与反说
• 但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯 不同，在很多情况下会出现正说 反译，反说正译的情况。 • 我完全同意。 • I can't agree with you more. • 你们大错特错了。 • You couldn't be more mistaken.
正说与反说
• • • • • • • • 油漆未干！ Wet paint! 不好意思！ I‘m sorry. 外表往往是靠不住的。 Appearances are often deceptive. 美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。 The U.S.A accepted the peace proposal with dignity.
• •
反说正译
• • • • • • • • 4.副词和副词短语： otherwise, little, too…to等等。 他显然有不同的想法。 He evidently thinks otherwise. 我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦。 I little knew what trouble he was going to have. 他兴奋得说不出话来了。 He was too excited to speak.
正说与反说
正说反译 反说正译
正说与反说
• 人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一 思想时，可以正说，也可以反说， 汉语如此，英语也如此。 • 例如： • 他是外乡人。 • 他不是本地人。
正说与反说
• 通常情况下，汉译英采用对应译法，即正说 正译，反说反译。 • 例如： • 花在许多人家里开放着。 • In many little gardens flowers were in bloom。 • 黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不怀好心。 • The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen without the best of intentions. • It was done with the best of intentions. • The weasel pays a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent.
• • • • • • • •
反说正译
• • • • • 2.动词： fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等。 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未 能在人群中见到他。 He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
反说正译
• 在汉译英中，反说正译的情况非常普遍，这是由于英语中 有大量表达否定意义的词汇可以替代汉语的否定表达。
1. 名词： absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion 等等。 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。 His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 我们完全不知道他的计划。 We are in complete ignorance of his plan. 他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望。 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.
•
反说正译
• • • • • • 3.形容词和形容词短语： free from, far from, safe from, few, little, short 这次演出根本没有失败，而是十分成功。 The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success. 他的作文几乎没有语法错误。 There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition. 据悉敌军给养不足。 It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.144015293
• •
• •
反说正译
• • • • • • 6.介词和介词短语： above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of等等。 社会主义无疑比资本主义优越。 Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism. 我要铅笔，不要钢笔。 I want a pencil instead of a pen.
反说正译
• • • • • 第一，汉语的否定词在句中无否 定意义。 这块地里的麦子长得不大离儿。 The wheat on this field is pretty good. 第二，使语气委婉而含蓄。 谁没有个三灾六难的。 There is a crook in the lot of every one．
正说反译
(三)为了使原来隐含意义更加明确， 更便于直接理解。 • 在困难面前，他总是勇往直前。 • He never flinched from any difficulties． (四)充分利用英语某些词语的特点， 使译文更精当。 • 在白天看来，它们就平凡得很。 • By daylight，they were nothing out of the common．
正说反译练习
• Exercises • 他为这件事竭尽全力。 He spared no pains/efforts in doing this. • 她对他百依百顺。 • She never denied him anything. • 返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中。 • The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him.
反说正译
• • • • • • 你早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床。 When you called on me this morning, I was still in bed. 他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。 His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。 Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. 是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去。 (keep sb from doing ) It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth.