2012考研英语翻译复习指南

2012年考研考试英语翻译解析思路
⼆、翻译部分做题的四⼤步骤：
第⼀步：要先做，⾃⼰模考的过程。

第⼆点：改，⾃我修改。

不要先看译⽂，可以查词典，可以翻翻语法⼯具书，分析英语句⼦的关系，可以提升⾃⼰的语法能⼒，改这个过程才是真正能够提升⼤家英语基本功的过程;
第三步：对答案。

看看参考译⽂和⾃⼰的翻译是否相同，看看参考答案的修饰关系是怎么安排的。

第四步：记忆。

记忆这句话中的核⼼单词，动词和主⼲上的名词，词组。

不懂的⼀定要查⼀下，确定短语的意思;重新看⼀下句⼦之间的关系。

如果能记住这些修饰关系，明年的翻译就没有问题了。

如果这个过程全部弄懂了，那么阅读理解也就不会是问题了。

最后，希望⼤家⼀定要坚持，持之以恒，每天多做⼀点翻译，相信⼤家的翻译⽔平会快速提升。

“读考纲谈复习”之2012考研英语一英译汉翻译技巧万学海文通过与2011年考研英语（一）大纲对比，2012年考研英语大纲中对于英译汉部分没有做任何实质上的调整，依旧将其作为阅读理解中的Part C部分出现，还是测试考生的英文阅读理解能力和汉语表达能力，所以万学海文在此告诉2012年考研的学生按原计划复习即可。

考研英语中，对翻译的考察力度在逐渐加大，但是，如果掌握好一定的词汇量和扎实的语法知识，再加上对英译汉翻译技巧的熟练运用，得分也并非天方夜谭。

下面具体分析一下考研英语中对翻译的考查及翻译的解题技巧。

一、2012年考研英语大纲要求2012年考研英语大纲要求具体如下：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

此题主要考查考生的词汇量、语法知识、阅读能力和汉语表达的综合运用能力，尤其注重考查考生能通过上下文理解词和短语含义的能力，因此要做好英译汉题目，要求考生既要有良好的英语基础和较强的在语篇中理解英语句子的能力，又要有扎实的汉语功底和英译汉的基本技能。

二、翻译部分命题趋势近年来，英译汉的试题难度加大，主要体现在比较复杂的文章和句子结构比重加大。

五个划线句子中，一般会有1—2个简单句，3—4个复合句；其中复合句存在多个从句嵌套的现象，对考生造成一定理解和表达难度，简单句也因修饰成分繁多、含有抽象意义的词等的存在而难度不小。

这五个句子要么语法结构复杂，要么逻辑关系繁复，并且这一现象历年来有增无减，今年也不会例外。

所以万学海文英语考研辅导专家们建议2012的考生在备考的时候应该把更多的精力真正的放在扎扎实实提高自身英语语言能力、提高对于文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上。

在打下坚实的语言能力基础上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能真正在考研英语中取得好成绩。

三、翻译部分的特点1）从文章的题材来看，翻译题的选文题材多以反映自然科学、社会科学的常识性报刊评论文章为主。

考研英语基础班翻译网络课堂讲义主讲：唐静欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材课程简介以讲解翻译基础知识为主，基本不涉及考研翻译的真题。

但是，真题很重要，有必要在强化训练中完全掌握真题。

课程大纲第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。

考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。

如：Part CTranslation:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 Points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there isan undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。

2012年考研英语翻译重难点精析：状语,表语及同位语从句翻译法状语从句翻译法1)顺译法:按照原文顺序翻译。

Eg：If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is inten ded that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话，就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。

2)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。

Eg：Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine w hen they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然，如果计算机给出的全部答案均需要核查，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。

不过，人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，在认为计算机有问题时进行复查。

3)分译法:有时也可以译为并列句。

Eg：Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without i t.电是一种非常重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。

(原文由such…that…引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句)表语从句翻译法大部分情况下可以采用顺译法，间或也可以用逆译法。

Eg：My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately follo wing it is inevitable.我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。

考研英语翻译常考句型解析(一)1.It is not that…but that…这不是说…，而是说…「例文」It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former.「译文」这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。

2.nothing else than 完全是，实在是「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。

3.as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时做定语从句处理。

「例文」We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed.「译文」我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。

4.名词+or+名词结构中，or后的名词是同位语，应译为即…；或者称….「例文」Moreover，technology includes techniques , or ways to do things , as well as the manchines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.「译文」再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些记忆并不一定都需要机器。

从2012考研真题看如何应对英语翻译
2012年考研翻译，句子的长度、难度变化不大，整体来说与前几年持平。

纵观近几年翻译真题，测试重点越来越偏向于测试考生的句子结构分析能力和词义的确切表达能力，尤其是某些特殊结构的分析能力，比如，定语后置，省略现象，特殊比较结构，强调结构和否定结构，插入结构，状语从句等情况。

那么，13年考试在进行翻译题型的复习时，应当：
一重视句子结构分析的实战能力
考研取消词汇和语法这一题型后，许多同学忽视语法的重要性，其实，考研英语从未停止过对于考生分析句子的能力的考察，因此对于2013年的考生来说，越是基础薄弱的学生越要从春季基础抓起，学会一些基本的句子分析能力，养成阅读时抓主谓宾，特别是谓语的习惯，同时从句这一关也必须要加强，比如定语从句是翻译每年必考的内容，一定要熟悉掌握。

二加强结合语境正确把握词义能力
英语词义是灵活多变的，并且存在着许多一词多义的现象，对于语境有着极高的要求。

阅读材料中的每个单位词都与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着相互制约的关系。

那么，单词具体意义，只能靠具体的语境才能确定。

考生应该训练结合上下文，迅速准确把握单词的能力
三翻译训练重在笔头
考生在复习翻译的时候，应当动笔将译文书写出来。

这样才能发现视译时不能发现的问题，切实提高考生的翻译能力。

考前冲刺30天2012考研英语翻译复习要点考研课程中的英语，从语言层次上可以把它定位为四六级难度之上的八级。

考试大纲要求考生具备深厚的英语语言实力，能灵活进行听读写译的高端应用。

复习中需要全方位把握英语知识的高难表达，体会用英语思维表达出的时文、学科语言。

复习过程持续半年到一年，需要大幅度拓展自己的英语语言表达应用能力。

针对考生普遍关注的2004年英语复习，在此给大家一些复习方面的建议。

熟悉考试大纲和大纲样题考试大纲是英语方面的指导总则，关于听读写译各方面能力、各种题型考法有着明确的阐释说明。

如：新大纲增加了考生在写作中要会写应用文的要求。

对于考试全过程、试卷题型分布也进行了说明。

考试大纲中提出的样题展示了出题的形式和难度，考生通过大纲样题明显体会到命题思路和重点，如听力对数字和信息捕捉的要求、阅读对时文和经济类文章的强调、完形对大批单词意义区分以及词组搭配的要求、写作中图画式作文的基本出题模式和提纲要求。

研究了大纲样题，等于对考研英语试题有了最直观的了解和感受。

注意强化词汇及语法基础考研英语是在语言实力上的比拼。

词汇和语法上如果漏洞百出必然影响考试得分，而一分之差往往又使成千上万的考生名落孙山。

因此，复习中词汇和语法要进行专门的强化和突破。

大纲要求了5300个考研基本词汇，考生要把它们看作基本常识熟背熟记。

除了考试大纲外，所选择的考研词汇书最好有单词的搭配和例句，在记单词的同时把词组和用法同时掌握。

应特别注意单词的最后两三种含义，这很有可能成为阅读中的最大障碍。

记单词的过程最好分三个阶段：①快速强化阶段：粗略把握单词拼写、读音及大意。

②深入了解阶段：第二遍要严格掌握单词的多重语义及在例句中的用法。

③巩固提高阶段：在六级考试的难词辨析和考研历年真题的阅读完形题目中重复词汇、巩固记忆，通过上下文的提示对词汇进行适当推理，加强对单词意义和用法的掌握。

关于语法，可以寻找一本最薄、最简单的语法指导材料，用两周的时间系统精读一遍。

考研英语备考：2012年翻译重难点解析之反译法一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。

有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。

1）否定译成肯定。

Eg：I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。

Eg：Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。

（双重否定）2）肯定译成否定。

Eg：Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。

Eg：This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。

Eg：The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

英语Part I. Vocabulary (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. If this method doesn’t ______, we’ll have to think of another way.A. come downB. come toC. come acrossD. come off2. The patient ______ eating anything for five days.A. went throughB. went withoutC. went onD. went in for3. The plane ______ so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.A. took offB. took onC. took downD. took up4. ______ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to France.A. EfficientB. InfluentialC. ImpressiveD. Effective5. It’s a great pity that those fine old houses had to be ______ to make way for the new road.A. pulled upB. pulled togetherC. pulled downD. pulled on6. He was on the point of slipping down the slope when he heard someone shouting to him to ______ the rope.A. hang aboutB. hang togetherC. hang upD. hang on to7. Before he went to Europe on a business trip, Mr. Ford ______ the day-to-day management of his company to his brother.A. turned overB. turned outC. turned inD. turned up8. It’s shameful to ______ in face of danger.A. hold inB. hold backC. hold upD. hold out9. He ______ freedom of speech for everyone, regardless of color, race or creed.A. stood forB. stood up toC. stood outD. stood by10. When Alfred Nobel died, an annual peace prize was established ______.A. at his serviceB. with his consentC. in his memoryD. on his part11. It’s hard to ______ the knowledge that he is a failure.A. live up toB. live byC. live outD. live with12. She has such a distinctive appearance that I could ______ her ______ anywhere.A. pick …upB. pick …outC. pick …atD. pick …on13. You have been ______ since the early hours of this morning, and I think you should stop for the good ofyour health.A. working upB. working onC. working awayD. working off14. Our representative, Mr. Brown, ______ an important customer on the West coast last week and renewed acontract.A. called forB. called forthC. called onD. called up15. Mother hasn’t ______ you for quite some time. She is beginning to think you must be ill.A. heard aboutB. heard outC. heard ofD. heard from16. Examinations are not the only means of ______ a student’s ability.A. assessingB. assumingC. assertingD. assigning17. Sam wanted to quit his job, but when he ______ the matter he decided not to.A. thought aheadB. thought outC. thought aboutD. thought back18. The applause ______ and the actors were able to continue.A. died downB. died outC. died offD. died away19. In evaluating applicants some colleges ______ heavily ______ interviews.A. lean …toB. lean …towardsC. lean …onD. lean …over20. Then Eisenhower retired from the United States Army; he had decided to ______ President.A. run atB. run forC. run intoD. run afterPart II. Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.The world population is increasing 21 the rate of 139 people every minute, or more than seventy million more human beings every year. If the current rate of 22 continues, the present world population of four point two billion will double 23 the end of this century.Many demographers say that the world food supply cannot keep pace 24 the population. They are 25 “localized famines”in the developing countries, beginning in the next decade. Others are less 26 . They look 27 the sea to supply food for the 28 , or point out the successes of new high yield strains of wheat and rice.The world population 29 grow very slowly. For many 30 the birth rate held only a slim margin over the death rate. Then came the 31 of modern medicine. Medical science found cures for diseases that once held population 32 check. Babies 33 today have a greater chance of growing to maturity than ever before. People live 34 too. The death rate is down, and the birth rate, while declining in some countries, remains high, so population 35 .Technology has made significant gains, too, but in many developing countries these gains are wiped 36 because population grows 37 . Americans have usually thought of the population crisis 38 something that exists halfway around the world. It has long been popular belief that “people in poor countries have too many 39 ,”while the affluent US has no such worries 40 .21. A. on B. about C. over D. at22. A. enlarge B. expansion C. growth D. swell23. A. by B. before C. to D. after24. A. along B. with C. to D. between25. A. profaned B. predicted C. predicting D. profaning26. A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. pessimist D. optimist27. A. to B. at C. up D. over28. A. old B. young C. rich D. hungry29. A. is used to B. used to C. get used to D. being used to30. A. ages B. times C. centuries D. years31. A. rise B. jump C. raise D. appear32. A. on B. in C. out D. about33. A. killed B. born C. died D. disabled34. A. taller B. longer C. older D. fatter35. A. soars B. extends C. flies D. extend36. A. up B. through C. under D. across37. A. swift B. fast C. quick D. Hasty38. A. like B. of C. as D. to39. A. taxes B. children C. debts D. diseases40. A. at last B. on earth C. yet D. at allPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best answer. Then write the answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneOne of the good things for men in women’s liberation is that men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies.In an article on the new manners, Ms. Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesn’t need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in and out of cars twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely they can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside ——because that’s where attackers are all hiding these days.”As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of women’s liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior than to depend on one’s own taste. But rules may be safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way according to my wife.It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it quite naturally since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well”, my wife said when the hostess had gone. “You did it again.”“Did what?”I asked, utterly confused.“Took the chair.”Actually, since I’d walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first after all.Also it has always been my custom to get in a car first and let the woman get in by herself. This is a courtesy. I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some bad fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.41. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. men should walk on the inside of a sidewalkB. women are becoming more capable than beforeC. in women’s liberation men are also liberatedD. it’s safe to break rules of social behavior42. The author was “utterly confused”because he ______.A. took the chair out of habitB. was trying to be politeC. was slow in understandingD. had forgotten what he did43. He took the chair for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ______.A. he got to the chair firstB. he happened to like the seatC. his wife ordered him to do soD. he’d walked ahead of his wife44. The author always gets in a car before a woman because he ______.A. wants to protect herB. doesn’t need to help herC. chooses to be impolite to herD. fears attacks on him45. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. Manners ought to be thrown away altogether.B. In manners one should follow his own judgment.C. Women no longer need to be helped in public.D. Men are not expected to be courteous to women.Passage TwoTheodore Dreiser is old ——he is very, very old. I do not know how many years he has lived, perhaps forty, perhaps fifty, but he is very old. Something gray and bleak and hurtful, that has been in the world perhaps forever, is personified in him.When Dreiser is gone men shall write books, many of them, and in the books they shall write there will be so many of the qualities Dreiser lacks. The new, the younger men shall have a sense of humor, and everyone knows Dreiser has no sense of humor. More than that, American prose writers shall have grace, lightness of touch, a dream of beauty breaking through the husks of life.O, those who follow him shall have many things that Dreiser does not have. That is a part of the wonder and beauty of Theodore Dreiser, the things that others shall have because of him.Long ago, when he was editor of the Delineator, Dreiser went one day, with a woman friend, to visit anorphan asylum. The woman once told me the story of that afternoon in the big, ugly gray building, folding and refolding his pocket-handkerchief and watching the children-all in their little uniforms, trooping in.“The tears ran down his cheeks and he shook his head”, the woman said, and that is a real picture of Theodore Dreiser. He is old in spirit and he does not know what to do with life, so he tells about it as he sees it, simply and honestly. The tears run down his cheeks and he folds and refolds the pocket-handkerchief and shakes his head.Heavy, heavy, the feet of Theodore. How easy to pick some of his books to pieces, to laugh at him for so much of his heavy prose.The feet of Theodore are making a path, the heavy brutal feet. They are tramping through the wilderness of lies, making a path. Presently the path will be a street, with great arches overhead and delicately carved spires piercing the sky. Along the street will run children, shouting,“Look at me. See what I and my fellows of the new day have done”-forgetting the heavy feet of Dreiser.The followers of the ink-pots, the prose writers in America who follow Dreiser, will have much to do that has never done. Their road is long but, because of him, those who follow will never have to face the road through the wilderness of Puritan denial, the road that Dreiser faced alone.Heavy, heavy, hangs over thy head,Fine, or superfine?46. This passage is to ______.A. criticize Theodore DreiserB. praise Theodore DreiserC. defend Theodore DreiserD. ridicule Theodore Dreiser47. “Heavy, heavy, the feet of Theodore.”It means ______.A. Theodore Dreiser was very, very oldB. Theodore Dreiser was old in spiritC. Theodore Dreiser was tramping through the wildernessD. the tone in Theodore Dreiser’s works was very heavy48. What happened when Dreiser went to an orphan asylum one day?A. He burst into tears.B. He felt pity for the children there.C. He shook his head.D. All of the above.49. What is the meaning of “the followers of the ink-pots”?A. People who follow Theodore Dreiser.B. People who like Theodore Dreiser.C. People who write.D. People who write prose.50. What can you infer from the passage?A. Dreiser had no sense of humor.B. Dreiser lived a hard life throughout his life.C. Dreiser paved a way for the younger writers in America.D. Both A and B.Passage ThreeIn America’s fiercely adversarial legal system, a lawyer is essential. Ask O. J. Simpson. In a landmark case 35 years ago, Gideon v. Wainwright, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that indigent defendants must be provided with a lawyer at state expense because there could be no fair trial in a serious criminal case without one. “This seems to us to be an obvious truth,”wrote Justice Hugo Black in his opinion. At the time, the decision was hailed as a triumph for justice, an example of America’s commitment to the ideal of equality before the law.This is the image most Americans still have of their criminal-justice system-the fairest in the world, in which any defendant, no matter how, gets a smart lawyer who, too often, manages to get the culprit off on a technicality. Nothing could be further from the truth. About 80% of people accused of a felony have to depend on a publicly-provided lawyer; but over the past two decades the eagerness of politicians to look harsh on crime, their reluctance to pay for public defenders, and a series of Supreme Court judgments restricting the grounds for appeal have made a mockery of Gideon. Today many indigent defendants, including those facing long terms of imprisonment or even death, are treated to a “meet‘em and plead’em”defense-a brief consultation in which a harried or incompetent lawyer encourages them to plead guilty or, if that fails, struggle through a short trial in which the defense is massively outgunned by a more experienced, better-paid and better-prepared prosecutor.“We have a wealth-based system of justice,”says Stephen Bright, the director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. “For the wealthy, it’s gold-plated. For the average poor person, it’s like being herded to the slaughterhouse. In many places the adversarial system barely exists for the poor.”Many lawyers, of course, have made heroic efforts for particular defendants for little or no pay, but the charity of lawyers can be relied on to handle only a tiny fraction of cases. As spending on police, prosecutors and prisons has steadily climbed in the past decade, increasing the number of people charged and imprisoned, spending on indigent defense has not kept pace, overwhelming an already hard-pressed system.51. The word “indigent”(Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.A. wealthyB. criminalC. poverty-strickenD. innocent52. It can be inferred from the passage that O. J. Simpson was probably ______.A. a person who was found not guilty because he hired a very good lawyerB. a person who won his case because he was provided with a lawyer at state expenseC. a person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the courtD. a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the average poor people53. What is that author’s view of America’s adversarial legal system?A. It is the embodiment of the ideal of equality before the law.B. It is the fairest criminal-justice system in the world.C. As it is, it benefits the rich but works against the poor.D. It is unfair by nature and should be overhauled.54. Which of the following statements is true?A. Lawyers who provide defense for the poor often work heroically for little or no pay at all.B. As crime rate increases, American politicians have become more tolerant towards crime than before.C. In America, if a person refuses to accept the judgment of a lower court, he can always appeal to the Supreme Court.D. Government-provided lawyers tend to go through the formalities of defense and prove to be no match for the prosecutors.55. What is the author’s specific purpose in writing this passage?A. To appeal for more public spending on court defense for the poor.B. To criticize America’s fiercely adversarial legal system.C. To draw attention to the injustice of the American legal system.D. To make a suggestion on how to mend the criminal-justice system.Passage FourForces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the writhing (翻腾，扭动), twisting funnel passes over a house, the walls and ceiling burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion is caused by the low air pressure at the center of a tornado.The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado funnel passes over a small building, which measures 20 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57,600 pounds. The pressure on the four walls adds up to 172,800 pounds.If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the enormous inside pressure may cause the building to burst.Unfortunately, heavy rain and hail often occur in thunderstorms that later produce tornadoes. So people frequently shut all windows to protect their property. They may cause far worse damage later. For the same reason, tornado cellars must have an air vent. Otherwise, the cellar door might be blown out when a tornadopasses over it.56. What did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss?A. Measuring rainfall from a storm.B. The powerful winds of tornadoes.C. The kinds of damage caused by explosions.D. Repairing the damage from tornadoes.57. What happens to a shut house when a tornado passes by?A. A bomb goes off inside.B. The house explodes.C. It stands there as usual.D. It goes together with the tornado.58. According to the passage, tornadoes can destroy building because ______.A. the force of a tornado increases the air pressure in a buildingB. the air pressure at the center of a tornado is over 172,000 poundsC. the weight of a tornado can crush a building’s roof when it passes overheadD. the air pressure inside a tornado is less than the air pressure inside a building59. What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside atornado?A. 2 pounds.B. 10 pounds.C. 13 pounds.D. 15 pounds.60. We may infer from the passage that the pressure on a building during a tornado can be relieved by ______.A. closing the cellarB. opening the windowsC. using a fan for ventilationD. strengthening the roof and wallsPart IV. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.61. 她很感激的是她保住了自己的工作而大多数工友都下了岗。

2012年考研考试英语三大从句翻译方法一英语翻译的备考不能只停留在“看”的层面上，要扎扎实实的“做”翻译，提高动手、动笔的能力，那样才能切实的提高翻译水平，那么如何做呢？在做的过程中应把握哪几步呢，这一定是众多考生迫切要知道的。

建议大家，可以把考研阅读中的长难句拿出来翻译，提高一些动手能力。

翻译题型自从作为考查考生综合运用语言能力的题型出现后，很多考生觉得难以动笔，认为这种题型的难度较大。

而这种题型在近些年的考研英语试卷中出现以后，考察形式已经趋于稳定。

考题要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解。

我认为翻译题的解题只靠熟悉语法规则和孤立地背单词已经远远不够了。

从内容来看，这种题的文章选段多以自然科学、社会科学、科学报道或评论等内容为主。

与其他题材或内容的文章相比，以上这些内容出现的频率更高些，从题型难度来看，近些年，这类题型的总体难度在上升，长难句出现次数有所增加。

但是，语法难度却略有下降。

下面详细介绍一下考试中翻译部分的应对策略。

考研翻译应对策略应对策略：两个关键。

一、理解的关键在于理解英语的语法结构、逻辑结构。

二、表达的关键在于根据汉语习惯对于译入语进行适当调整。

专家们提醒2012年的考生们在复习的时候需要注意的是以下几点：（1）能直译不意译。

直译不符合汉语习惯的时候，要意译。

另外，还有一些有固定翻译方法的语法结构和搭配也要遵循惯用意译方法。

例如：IT iswell-known （that…）习惯译法是众所周知。

（2）只加不减的原则。

这是从信息量的覆盖层面来说的。

因为英文中有些词汇有特定含义，还有在并列结构中大量使用省略。

为了忠实于原文，我们要尽量在翻译时覆盖所有原文携带的信息。

以免出现因为信息减损出现的扣分。

例如：2001年真题中出现的“doll”，不能翻译成“玩具”，而必须翻成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。

英语三大从句的译法英语的三大从句是：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。