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数学式和数学用语的英文读法一、Number 数字106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012：one trillion (or one million million)1015：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million) 1018：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分数通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。
1/2： a (or one) half1/3： a (or one) third1/4： a quarter or one fourth2/3：two thirds, two over three, or two by three9/10：nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4‰：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小数0.4：zero (or naught) point four.01：point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one12.34：twelve point three four30.45：thirty point four five,0.3333333…..：point three repeating (or recurring)四、Mathematic Forms 数学式(4-1) Addition 加法1+2=3： One and two are three.2+3=5： Two plus three equals five.4+0=4： Four and naught is equal to four.45+70+152=267： 45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267the sum (or total) is 267.(4-2) Subtraction 减法(4-3) Multiplication 乘法(4-4) Division 除法五、Power 幂次方bn 当中，b 被称为底数(base)，n 被称为指数(power or exponent)bn：the nth power of b 或b to the nth power.a107： a times the seventh power of ten.b 的平方： b square or b squaredb 的立方： b cube or b cubedb 的4次方： b to the fourthb 的-1次方： b to the minus one八、其它log(x)：the logarithm of xlogb(x)：t he logarithm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three45 度角：forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式：linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns一元二次方程式：quadratic equation with one unknown九、符号的英文读法(9-1) Punctuation Marks 标点符号中文英文中文英文§分节号section; division - 破折号dash。
英语数学公式、数字、符号的表达法!轩治峰（商丘师范学院外语系商丘市!"#$$$）摘要本文主要解决理科专业英语和双语教学中英语算式、方程式、公式中的数字、符号、等式及公式的表达方法。
方法为查阅各种有关资料，收集其表达和读法。
通过查阅资料，本文记述了算术四则运算、分数、小数、比例、乘方、开方、对数、三角函数、集合、函数、几何、微积分等的符号、数字和公式的表达方法和读法，为科技英语教学和学习提供参考。
关键词数学符号算式公式表达法!"#$%&’$%&’()*(+,’+-.&/,(0(’*/,.+-/12+)..&’’3(*’,,/+1,+-.&’,456+7,，,/81,，0121)56’*,+-50.&’50./9,/1:187/,&.’09&/18;%&’0).&+*&0,8+1’.&*+)8&.&’<0*/+),=/12,+-.’3.6++=,+150.&’> 50./9,，,)9&0,0*/.&5’./9，8’+5’.*4，078’6*0，9079)7),，-)19./+1,012+.&’**’-’*’19’6++=,0129+77’9.’2 077.4(’,+-’3(*’,,/+1,，0,?’770,(*+1)19/0./+1,，+-,456+7,，,/81,0121)56’*,/1.&’’@)0./+1,+-50.&>’50./9,012+.&’*,9/’19’,，/1&+(’+-+--’*/18,+5’&’7(.+7’0*1/18012.’09&/18:187/,&/150.&’50./9,+* ,9/’1./-/9:187/,&;()*+,%-#50.&’50./9,,456+7,012,/81,’@)0./+1,-+*5)70’3(*’,,/+1,在大学中，越来越多的学科在尝试英汉双语教学，高年级大学英语也朝专业英语方向发展，而且，在理科学科中，数学、物理等课程中的算式、方程式以及公式是最基本的表达形式。
17.2.1999/H.V¨a liahoPronunciation of mathematical expressionsThe pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below.In general,the shortest versions are preferred(unless greater precision is necessary).1.Logic∃there exists∀for allp⇒q p implies q/if p,then qp⇔q p if and only if q/p is equivalent to q/p and q are equivalent2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A/x is an element(or a member)of Ax/∈A x does not belong to A/x is not an element(or a member)of AA⊂B A is contained in B/A is a subset of BA⊃B A contains B/B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B/A meet B/A intersection BA∪B A cup B/A join B/A union BA\B A minus B/the difference between A and BA×B A cross B/the cartesian product of A and B3.Real numbersx+1x plus onex−1x minus onex±1x plus or minus onexy xy/x multiplied by y(x−y)(x+y)x minus y,x plus yxx over yy=the equals signx=5x equals5/x is equal to5x=5x(is)not equal to5x≡y x is equivalent to(or identical with)yx≡y x is not equivalent to(or identical with)yx>y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx<y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0<x<1zero is less than x is less than10≤x≤1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to1|x|mod x/modulus xx2x squared/x(raised)to the power2x3x cubedx4x to the fourth/x to the power fourx n x to the n th/x to the power nx−n x to the(power)minus n√x(square)root x/the square root of x√x cube root(of)x3√x fourth root(of)x4√x n th root(of)xn(x+y)2x plus y all squaredx y 2x over y all squaredn!n factorialˆx x hat¯x x bar˜x x tildex i xi/x subscript i/x suffix i/x sub ini=1a i the sum from i equals one to n a i/the sum as i runs from1to n of the a i4.Linear algebrax the norm(or modulus)of x−−→OA OA/vector OAOA OA/the length of the segment OAA T A transpose/the transpose of AA−1A inverse/the inverse of A5.Functionsf(x)fx/f of x/the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y/x is sent(or mapped)to yf (x)f prime x/f dash x/the(first)derivative of f with respect to xf (x)f double–prime x/f double–dash x/the second derivative of f withrespect to xf (x)f triple–prime x/f triple–dash x/the third derivative of f with respectto xf(4)(x)f four x/the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂f∂x1the partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1∂2f ∂x1the second partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1∞0the integral from zero to infinitylimx→0the limit as x approaches zerolimx→+0the limit as x approaches zero from abovelimx→−0the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e/log to the base e of y/natural log(of)yln y log y to the base e/log to the base e of y/natural log(of)yIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expres-sions and in many cases there is no generally accepted“correct”pronunciation. Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech;thus the sounds fx may be interpreted as any of:fx,f(x),f x,F X,F X,−−→F X.The difference is usually made clear by the context;it is only when confusion may occur,or where he/she wishes to emphasise the point,that the mathematician will use the longer forms:f multiplied by x,the function f of x,f subscript x,line F X,the length of the segment F X,vector F X.Similarly,a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech(except sometimes a difference in intonation or length of pauses)between pairs such as the following:x+(y+z)and(x+y)+z√ax+b and√a n−1and a n−1The primary reference has been David Hall with Tim Bowyer,Nucleus,English for Science and Technology,Mathematics,Longman1980.Glen Anderson and Matti Vuorinen have given good comments and supplements.。
英文,常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法一、常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法+ 加号,加 plus+ 正号 positive- 减号,减 minus- 负号,负 negetive± 加或减 plus or minus± 正或负 plus or minus2 乘 multiplied by times into÷ 除 divided by: 比 proportional to= 等号 equal sign= 等于 to equal,to equals> 大于 greater than< 小于 less than大于等于 greater than or equal小于等于less than or equal≡ 恒等于 identical with≈ 约等于 approximately equal≌ 全等于 congruent～等价于 equivalent to;相似于 similar to→ 趋近于 approaches( ) 括号,括弧 1) parentheses;parenthesis;sign parenthesis 圆括号,圆括弧 2) round brackets[ ] 方括号1) squre [angular] brackets括号2) brackets{ } 花括号 braces∑ 求和summstion of;sigma从1到n的和 the sum form i equalsone to n;sigma从1到n的积 the product form i equalsone to nx1 +x2+x3+ΛΛ x one x two plus x three,etc(et cetera)a=b 1) a equals to b2) a is equal to b3) a is ba≠b a is not equal to b;a is not ba>b a is greater than baa?b a is greater than or equal to ba?b a is less than or equal to ba≈b a approximately equal (s) ba∝b a varies directly as b;a is (directly) proportional to ba∈A a is member of set AA?B A is contained in B;A is a proper subset of B AIB A intersection BAYB A union{ }或φ empty setimpliesis equivalent to xRy x is in the relation R to y a±b a plus or minus b(a+b)(a-b) a plus b,a minus b(a+b)2 a plus b all squared(a÷b)2 a over b all squaredn! n factorial;factorial na% a persent|a| mod a;modulus ax→∞ x approaches infinity0< x0?x?a zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to ac=a.b 1)c equals (is equal to) a multiplied by b2) c equals a times b1:2 the ratio of one to two1/2 a half;one half1/3 a third;one third1/100 a[one] hundredth1/1000 a[one] thousandth0.1(.1) zero point one;nought point one0.01(.01) zero point zero one;nought point nought one3.1416 three point one four one six14. one four point one four,one four recurringa:b the ratio of a to ba:b=c 1) a devided by b equals c2) a devided by b is c3)the ratio of a to b is ca:b=c:d 1) the ratio of a to b equals the ratio of c to d2) a is to b as c is to da+b>c a plus b is greater then ca+b< then b plus>a+b=c a plus b is (are;equals;is equal to) ca-b=c a minus b(b from a) is(equals;is equal to;leaves) c (a,b) a<x< p="">[a,b]a?x?b the closed interval from a to b(a,b) the interval a<x?b< td=""></x?b<>[a,b] the interval a?x<b< td=""></b<>a<x< p="">a?x?b a is less then or equal to x is less then or equal to blogax logarithm (base) of xlnx natural logarithm of xx2 1)x square;x squured2) x to the second power3) x raised to the second power4) the square of x5) the second power of x6) x to the secondx3 1)x cube;x cubed2) x to the third power3) x raised to the third power4) the cube of x5) the third power of x6) x to the thirdx n 1)x to the n-th power2) x raised to the n-th power3) the n-th power of x4) x to the n-thx-n 1) x to the minus n-th2) x to the minus n-th powerradical=b 1) the square root of a is(equals) b 2) the square root out of a is(equals) bthe square root of athe cube root of athe cube rootthe n-th roota′ a primea n 1) a second prime2) a double prime3) a twice dashed;a m 1) a triple prime2) a third primea1 1) a sub one2) a firsta2 1) a sub two2) a seconda m 1) a sub m2) a m-tha'm 1) a prime,sub m2) a sub m,primea'1 a first primea n2 a second, second primey first derivative of ysecond derivative of ydy/dx first derivative of y with respect to xd2y/dx2 second derivative of y with respect to xy=f(x) y is a function of x∫ integral of1) integral of……from a to b2) integral of……between limits a and bcapital L equals the square root of (out of ) capital R square plus minus x squarea to the m by n-th power equals the n-th root of (out of) a tothe m-th powerP=∞ p is equal to infinity∟ angle⊥ perpendicular;is perpendicular to∠ parallel;is parallel to△ABC triangje ABCvector Fa bar≌ is congruent to～ is similar tA-1 inverse of matrix A % percent二、英语缩写词abs absolute 绝对的absolutely 绝对地A.D Anno Domini 公元ad inf ad infinitum 趋于无限ads address 地址agg aggregate 总数、共计al algebra 代数alt altitude 高度alternate 交错,交替a.m above-mentioned 上述的a.m. arithmetic mean 算术平均amt amount 数量ans answer 答案、解答、回答AoI and-or-inverter 与或非等差数列A.P arithmeticprogressionappl application 应用appr approximate 近似、约计appx appendix 附录arg argument 自变数,幅角arith arithmetic 算术aut automatic 自动的aux,auxil auxiliary 辅助的av,avg average 平均Ax Axiom 公理B.C Before Christ 公元前二进制编码的十进制BCD Binary Coded DecimalBC.O Binary Coded Octal 二进制编码的八进制℃(c)centigrate 摄氏度C cubic 立方的cycle 周centi 厘,百分之一ca circa 大约CAD Computer-Aided计算机辅助设计Design计算机辅助教学CAI Computer-AidedInstructioncalcd calculated 计算的cat catalog (ue) 目录,一览表C.C.W Counter-Clockwise 逆时针方向c.d centre distance 中心距离cf. confer 参看、见、比较cg center of gravity 重心厘米2克2秒(单位)制C.G.S Centimetre Gramme SecondCh. Chapter 章chap chapter 章char character 字符cir circular 圆形的circum circumference 圆周cit cited 引用ckt circuit 电路C.l. center-line 中心线算术平均法,平均高度法C.L.A center line average methodcm centimetre 厘米coeff. coefficient 系数com common 公,公共col column 行,纵行,栏,项目,柱comp. compare 比较con contra 相反conclusion 结论con.sec conic sections 圆锥曲线const constant 常数construction 作图contcontinued 续,接(contd)Contr. Contracted 省略的Contraction 省略Cor corollary 推论,系cp compare 比较ct constant 常数circuit 电路,线路ctr (s) center (s) 中心cu (cub) cubic 立方C.W. clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 周期,周d degree 度D density 密度diameter 直径date 日期D.C. digital computer 数字计算机微分方程D.E differentialequationdef(def’n)definition 定义deg degree 度demon demonstrative 求证den density 密度der derivative 导数,微商det detail 详细,细节,详图DF decimal fraction (十进)小数dia (m) diameter 直径diag diagram 图,图解diff difference 差,不同DIV divide 除Do (d°)ditto 同上,同前,如前所述doub double 加倍,二倍,成双的,成倍的DP data processing 数据处理E east 东edit edition 版,版本e.e error expected 允许的误差例如e.g exempligratia=forexampleeq. equal 相等eq (eq’n)equation 等式,方程esp. especially 特别et al et alii 及其他et alibi 及别处etc et cetera 等等et seq et sequentia 及以下等等ex (s) example(s) 例exercise 练习,习题extra 特别的ext external 外部的exterior 在外f frequency 频率fig figure 图,图形fn function 函数,功能FQCY frequency 频率fxd fixed 固定的,不变的g(gm) gramme 克GA general average 平均值最大公约数G.C.D greatest common divisor最大公因子G.C.F greatest common factor最大公约数G.C.M greatest common measuregeom. geometry 几何学G.P geometrical等比数列,几何数列progression gr(grm) gram 克h hour 小时height 高,高度H.C.F. highest common最高公因式,最大公约数factorhf half 半hor horizontal 水平的hr hour 小时hyp hypothesis 假设ib (ibid) ibidem 在同处(书,文献等出处) id idem 同前,同上,同作者,同样iden identical 恒等,全等i.e id est=that is 即,就是,换言之ig idem quod 如同ih inverted hour 逆(反)时针的im image 图像inc increase 增加ind index 索引,指标,刻度indef indefinite 无限,不定in.ex in extenso 全部inf infinity 无穷大,无限大infra 上、下限inh inverted hour 逆(反)时针的int interior 内部的,在内int.al inter alia 尤其I/O input/output 输入/输出信息技术IT informationtechnologyinformation信息论theory独立变数IV independentvariableJ journal 期刊,杂志jour journal 期刊,杂志kg kilogram 千克km kilometer 千克l length 长度l.c loco citato 上述引文中最小公倍数(式)L.C.M. least commonmultipleLowest common multiple 最低公倍式Lgth length 长度l.h left hand 左方,左侧lim limit 极限lin linear 直线的,一次的,线性的lit liter (公)升loc location 位置loc.cit loco citato 上述引文中最低(数)位,最右(数)位ISD least significantdigitM mega 兆(106)mille 千M(m) medium 中间,中等m metre 米milli 毫(10-3)million 兆(106)minute 分钟μ(mu) micro 微(10-6)平均绝对误差mae mean absoluteerrormag magnitude 量,大小math mathematical 数学的mathematics 数学max maximum 最大,最大值min minimum 最小,最小值minute 分钟mo (s) month(s) 月mon monthly 月刊MS mean square 均方n net 净N number 数,编号,第…号North 北Northern 北方的n.a.s.c necessary andsufficient condition 充要条件,充分且必要的条件N.B nota bene= note注意wellneg negative 负的Net network 网络No(s) number(s) 数,编号,第…号nr near 在…附近常微分方程O.D.E. ordinarydifferentialequationopp opposed 相反的,对面ord ordinary 普通的,通常的p page 页PAR parallel 平行的,平行线,并联的par paragraph 节,段P.C. per cent 百分比pcs pieces 个,件,份偏微分方程P.D.E partialdifferentialequationPERT programevaluation andreview techniques 计划评审技术(统筹方法)ph phase 相位,相pos positive 正的pp pages 负(复数)p.p proportional part 比例部分Pr pair 偶,对pr(pri,pry) primary 初级,最初的prep perpendicular 垂直,正交proc proceeding 学报,会刊ps pseudo 伪,假pt(s) part(s) 部分p.t.o please turn over 请见(本页的)反面,请翻到下页q question 问题q.e quod est 这就是,即Q.E D quod erat证毕,证完,这就是所要证的,所求证者demonstrandum w.r.t with respect to 关于,相对于</x<></x<>。
