The ABC of Phonetic Symbols 音标基础知识
编稿人：陈靖波校对：高一英语组
（一）国际音标(phonetic symbols)
国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。语言学中，音标是记录音素的符号。音素分为元音音素(vowels)和辅音音素(consonants)。国际音标共48个，元音音素/音标20个，辅音音素/音标28个。
国际音标发音表
发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音叫辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。
（二）音节(Syllable)
音节是最小的发音单位。根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重音符号(,)。按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。
开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, these, bike, home, use
b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three
闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,
b)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant
（三）辅音单个字母和字母组合发音规则
1. p/p/
2. b /b/
3.t/t/
4. d /d/
5. c,k,ck /k/
6. g /g/, /?/
7. f, ph /f/
8. v /v/
9. s, c/s/ 10. s /z/, /?/ 11. z /z/ 12. sh /?/ 13. th /θ/, /e/ 14. ch, tch /?/ 15. x /ks/ 16. tr /tr/ 17.dr /dr/ 18. ts /ts/ 19.ds /dz/ 20. l /l/ 21. m /m/ 22. n /n/
23. n,ng /?/ 24. w,wh /w/25. j,y /j/ 26. wh,h /h/ 27. r /r/ 28. qu /kw/
发音练习：
1. c/k/ cap cook clock come cold close
c/s/ city certainly rice piece pencil nice recycle 2. g/g/ girl good god blog fog graduate
g/?/ orange l arge vegetable change geography technology
3. s/z/ rose close as his busy nose please
s/s/ bus glass class sister sit horse house
s/?/ usual pleasure treasure measure television
s/?/ sure
4. ch/?/ chick much child which each peach China ch/k/ school stomach chemistry headache
ch/?/ machine
5. tch/?/ watch match
5. sh/?/ sheep ship English shirt shout short
6. th/θ/ thick think thank mouth birthday thirteen south th/e/ this these those that with father another
7. ts/ts/ kites rabbits shorts boots
8. ds/dz/ beds birds friends woods
9. tr/tr/ tree street tractor try trip train
10. dr /dr/ drive driven hundred dress driver drink
11. ng/ ? / think thank thing pink wrong
12. wh/w/ why what when what which when white
wh/h/ who whose
（四）元音单个字母和字母组合发音规则
1. a /e I/ cake make later snake paper baby face game
a /? / apple cat cap bag hat map mat black back
a /?: / water
a /?/ watch wash want what
a /I/ orange
a /?/ China woman another breakfast banana
a/a:/ class glass ask banana dance last father fast
a /e/ any many
2. e / i:/ he we she me these Chinese
e /e/ bed desk yes egg pen pencil leg let
3. i /a I/ bike kite like drive time child find
i/I/ pig this sit drink milk swim fish ship sister
4. o /??/ go nose those home clothes close no
o/?/ dog clock lot box fox not holiday
o/?/ mother other brother another monkey come love
o/?/ wolf
5. u/ju:/ use student cute duty excuse Tuesday
u/? / mug cut but bus jump much fun cup nut
u/?/ put
u/u:/ ruler blue glue June super
u/I/ busy
6. y/aI/ my why shy fly sky try buy by bye spy sly
y/I/ baby city windy sunny cloudy ready happy
y/j/ yellow yes yoyo young
7. ea /i:/ clean season read meal leaf mean seat speak
ea /e/ bread breakfast weather
ea /e I/ great
8. ee/i:/ see meet three jeep queen thirteen sheep sweet
9. ow/au/ brown how cow flower now town
ow/??/ blow grow window snow know yellow rainbow
10. ou /au / mouth house playground cloud sound about
ou/u:/ group soup
