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高二英语独立主格结构分词短语与语法填空高级策略单选题40题1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. It wasC. There wereD. It being答案：A。
解析：本题考查独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的特点是有自己的逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
在这个句子中，“no bus”是逻辑主语，和be动词一起构成独立主格结构，表示原因。
因为“bus”是单数，所以be动词用“being”。
“There being”这种结构在这里表示“有（ 存在）”的意思。
B选项“It was”如果用在这里，会使句子变成两个完整的句子，中间需要用连词连接，不符合语法规则。
C选项“There were”中“were”与“bus”的单复数不一致。
D选项“It being”中的“it”在这里不能作为“no bus”的逻辑主语，所以正确答案是A。
2. The meeting ______ over, they all left the room.A. isB. to beC. beingD. been答案：C。
解析：这里考查的是独立主格结构。
句子的主语是“they”，“The meeting”是独立主格结构中的逻辑主语。
独立主格结构表示时间等伴随状况。
“meeting”和“be over”之间是主动关系，这里用“being”表示“会议结束”这一状态，在整个句子中作伴随状语。
A选项“is”会使句子成为两个独立的句子，中间缺乏连词。
B选项“to be”表示将来的动作或状态，不符合句子语境。
D选项“been”是过去分词形式，在这里不能正确表示主动关系，所以C是正确答案。
3. ______ his homework unfinished, he was punished by the teacher.A. WithB. ForC. AsD. Because答案：A。
解析：这是一个关于独立主格结构的题目。
分词训练70题适用高二新教材通用非谓语动词练习〔V-ing〕1.The recorder ____ now is Mary's．A．repairing B．to be repaired C．repaired D．being repaired2.____ around the library，we were taken to see the lab．A．Being shown B．Showing C．Having been shown D．Having shown3.____ them around the library，we took them to see the lab．A．Being shown B．Showing C．Having been shown D．Having shown4.Look，there are many ____ leaves in the sky．A．fallen B．falling C．／ D．fell5.The ground has been covered with a lot of ____ leaves．A．fallen B．falling C．／ D．fell6.In some parts of London，missing a bus means ＿＿＿ for another hour．A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be waiting7.The picture ＿＿＿ on the wall is painted by my nephew．A．having hung B．hanging C．hangs D．being hung8.European football is played in 80 countries＿＿＿it the most popular sport in the world．A．making B．makes C．made D．to make(NMET 98)9.The missing boys were last seen ＿＿＿ near the river．A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play(NMET 94)10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took heraway, ________ in the woods.A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing11. Finding her car stolen, ________.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help12.________ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received13. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added14."Can t you read?" Mary said ________to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing15. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in16.________, I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinnerB. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quicklyD. After eating my quickly dinner17. The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing18. She set out soon after dark ________ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived19. She is upstairs ________ letters.A. writesB. is writingC. writeD. writing20. ________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered21. He sent me an E-mail, to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope22. She asked me to help her, ________ that she could not move the heavy suitcase alone.A. only to realizeB. realizingC. have been realizedD. realized23. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.A. an underground lake was discoveredB. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake24. ________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checkedB. CheckC. If you checkD. To check25. ________ for several times, we decided not to do it again.A. Having scoldedB. Having been scoldedC. She has been scoldedD. Since she was scolded26. Hearing the bad news, _______.A. tears came down her faceB. she can't help cryingC. everything seemed to be in bad orderD. the young lady was upset27. The boy was caught ______ things from a shop last night.A. stealB. to stealC. stoleD. stealing28. The ______ look on his face suggested that he was ______.A. surprised; surprisedB. surprising; surprisingC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprised29. I have never thought of _______ abroad with us.A. you to goB. you will goC. for you to goD. you going30. This song is sung by many people, _______ it very popular.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make31. _____ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A. Having lostB. LosingC. LostD. He was lost32. I regret ____ your advice or I would have succeededA. not to takeB. not takeC. not takingD. not taken33. All the children need _________. So they all have the right of going to school.A. to teachB. being taughtC. taughtD. teaching34. All that is worth ______ should be well _______.A. doing; doneB. being done; doneC. doing; doingD. being done; doing35. The studios which Disney started are still busy today____ more and more interesting films.A. to produceB. producedC. produceD. producing36. The young man was praised for ________ a little boy.A. have savedB. he has savedC. having savedD. saving37. How about two of us _______ the meeting?A. to attendB. attendC. attendingD. to be attending38. I didn't remember ______ him before, so I didn't address him when he came.A. to meetB. having metC. have metD. to having met.39.—— Last night, you forget ______ off the lights when you left the room. ——Really? I remember ________ them off.A. to turn; to turnB. to turn; turningC. turning; turningD. turning; to turn40. The young deer was lucky to miss _______.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch41. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were killed in an accident, _____ their child as an orphan.A. leavingB. to leaveC. having leftD. to have left42. He came ______ to the station ______ the first train.A. running, catchingB. to run; to catchC. ran; to catchD. running; to catch43. Jackson likes ______, but he doesn't like ________ today.A. to fish; to fishB. fishing; fishingC. to fish; fishingD. fishing; to fish44. With you _____by, I can't say any more.A. stoodB. standC. to standD. standing45. I saw some villagers_ _ at the back of the classroom, ___ to the headmaster.A. seating; listeningB. seated; listenedC. sitting; listeningD. sat; listening46. The girl wrote a composition without ______.A. askB. askingC. being askedD. to be asked47. ______ where to go, he asked a policeman.A. Having lost his way and not knowingB. Losing his way and didn't knowC. Having lost his way and didn't knowD. Lost his way and didn't know48. ______ her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears.A. HearingB. Having heardC. To hearD. Heard49. _______ over and over again, but he still couldn't understand.A. Having explainedB. Having been explainedC. ExplainingD. It had been explained50. ______ no buses, he had to walk home.A. There wasB. There isC. There beingD. Being51. I can hardly imagine such a disabled boy _____ so great a thing.A. doB. to doC. doingD. to have done52．Please excuse my ________ in without ________.A． come, permitted B. coming, permittedC. coming, being permittedD. to come, being permitted53．He is determined to devote himself to _________the people.A．serve for B．serve C．serving for D．serving 54．They are looking forward with hope ________from you soon.A．to hearing B．of hearing C．hearing D．to hear55．I remember ________ him ________ the bike needed ________.A．hearing, saying, to repair B．to hear, say, to repair C．hearing, say, repairing D．to hear, saying, to be repaired 56．The students enjoyed ________ Japanese in and after class.A．practise speak B．practising to speak C．practise speaking D．practising speaking57．If you want to make progress in spoken English, don’t be afraid of ________. A．being laughed B．being laughed at C．laughing at D．to be laughedat58．________ English newspapers is a good way of _______ your English. A．Read, improving B．To read, improve C．Reading, improving D．Reading, to improve59．Most of his time is spent _______ information on sports and games.A．to collect B．collecting C．for collect D．of collecting 60．Excuse me ________ at seven o’clock in the morning.A．not for coming B．to not come C．for not coming D．not to come 61．Elephants in Tailand(泰国)________ heavy things like logs of wood for people. A．used to carry B．are used to carryingC．are used to carry D．used to carrying62．Paul didn’t mi nd ________ to the party.A．not invited B．having not been invitedC．not being invited D．not to have been invited63．Mary needs ________ her watchA．to be repaired B．repair C．repairing D．to repair 64．The foreigner is considering ________ a visit to the Great Wall.A．to pay B．paying C．pay D．having paid65．Looking at the pictures, she couldn’t help _________ of her childhood. A．thinking B．to think C．to be thought D．thought 66．He suggested ________ the matter with the manager.A．discussed B．be discussed C．discussing D．to discuss67．The police forbid ________A．park B．parking C．to park D．to be parked68. It is worth much ____what is worth _______.A. to do; doingB. doing; to doC. doing; doingD. to do ; to do69. I want to avoid______ him.A. meetB. to meetC. meetingD. met70. It is no use ______ with him.A. discussB. discussingC. to discussD. discussed[参考答案]1-10. DCDBA ABAAD 11-20. DCCAC CBDDC 21-30.BBDCB DDADA DAD CCBBC 41-50.ADDDC CAADC 51-60. CCDAC DBCBC DBA CBACB励志赠言经典语录精选句；挥动**，放飞梦想。
分词专项练习题分词是指动词的一种非谓语形式，可以表示动作、状态或者作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
分词在英语语法中占据重要地位，掌握分词的用法对于提高语言表达能力至关重要。
本文将为读者提供一些分词专项练习题，以帮助大家提高分词的运用能力。
一、现在分词练习题1. 请将下列动词的现在分词写出来：- swim- eat- run- sleep- write2. 请将下列句子中的动词改写为现在分词形式：- She watches TV every evening.- They play basketball on weekends.- He paints beautiful pictures.- We listen to music in the car.- I read books before bed.二、过去分词练习题1. 请将下列动词的过去分词写出来：- swim- eat- run- sleep- write2. 请将下列句子中的动词改写为过去分词形式：- She has read the book.- They have written the report.- He has broken the vase.- We have seen the movie.- I have done my homework.三、现在分词和过去分词的区别练习题请将下列句子中的动词改写为现在分词或过去分词形式，并解释为什么选择了相应的分词形式：1. The boy (run) to catch the bus. - 现在分词解释：表示主语与动作同时进行。
2. The book (write) by a famous author. - 过去分词解释：表示被动的动作。
3. She (sleep) when the phone rang. - 过去分词解释：表示被动的状态。
4. They often see the stars (shine) at night. - 现在分词解释：表示主语与动作同时进行。
Part 1：英语语法框架一·词法：词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。
英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数，格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。
种类：1 名词：是人和事物的名称，如pen（钢笔）；English（英语），life（生活）。
2 代词：是用来代替名词的词，如we（我们），his（他的），all（全部）。
3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly（快），often（经常），very（很）。
4 数词：是表示“多少”和“第几”的词，如four（四），eighteen（十八），first（第一）5 形容词：用来修饰名词，如great（伟大的），honest（诚实的），difficult（困难的）。
6 动词: 表示动作和状态，如write（写），walk（行走），think（想）。
7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and（和），because（因为），if（假如）8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an（一个），the（这，那）。
9 介词: 表示名词（或代词）与句子里其它词的关系，如from（从），in（在…内），between（在…之间）。
10 感叹词: 表示感情，如oh（噢），aha（啊哈），hush（嘘）。
[注一]属于前六类（名、代、副、数、形、动等词）的词都有实义，叫做实词。
属于后四类（连、冠、介、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快，形容词和副词），since（自从；连词和介词）等。
构词法定义：构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。
掌握构词法有助于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。
英语单词看似海量，其实真正“原生态”的数量有限，而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。
如：Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类：英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生，合成和转化。
高二英语语法综合练习题40题含答案解析1.She heard the news and couldn't help crying. After a while, she calmed down and started to study hard, determined to pass the exam.A.cryingB.to cryC.cryD.cried答案解析：A。
can't help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”，是固定用法。
B 选项to cry 通常用于want/hope/expect/wish/decide/plan/intend/mean/pretend 等动词后作宾语；C 选项cry 是动词原形；D 选项cried 是过去式，都不符合语境。
2.The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.A.followedB.followingC.to followD.being followed答案解析：A。
此处followed by a group of students 是过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示被动。
B 选项following 表示主动；C 选项to follow 通常表示目的；D 选项being followed 表示正在进行的被动，此处不合适。
3.The boy stood there, looking at the beautiful scenery.A.lookingB.to lookC.lookedD.look答案解析：A。
looking at the beautiful scenery 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示主动。
B 选项to look 通常表示目的；C 选项looked 是过去式或过去分词，与句子主语the boy 之间是主动关系，不合适；D 选项look 是动词原形。
如：They were teachers。
(他们曾是老师.） Time flies. (时光飞逝。
)这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number。
数词做主语The blind need more help。
名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream。
不定式短语做主语他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
（从句）（It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语）英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。
如：They were teachers.（他们曾是老师.） He enjoys singing songs。
(他喜欢唱歌.）这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语.其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称.宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后.如： I play with him。
（我和他玩。
）I like Chinese food。
(我喜欢中国菜。
)这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。
直接宾语与间接宾语:有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
如：He gave me a book。
高三语法专练现在分词和过去分词一、用适当的非谓语动词形式填空1. The student was caught _______ (cheat) in the college entrance examination.2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair)4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help.5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise)6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river.7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.二、单项选择题1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To seeB. SeenC. SeeingD. See2. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. be consideredB. consideringC. having consideredD. considered3. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A. Saw; frightenedB. Seen; frightenedC. To see; frighteningD. Seeing; frightened4. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken5. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. begunC. beginningD. having begun6. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. being foundedB. FoundedC. It was foundedD. Founding7. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____.A. supposedB. supposingC. to supposeD. suppose8. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given9. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.A. lockingB. to lockC. lockedD. being locked10. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing11. Mrs. Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprisedB. surprisingC. being surprisedD. to be surprised12. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. LeavingB. LeftC. To be leftD. Having left13. _____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A. Being determinedB. On having determinedC. DeterminedD. To be determined14. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settledB. Having settledC. SettledD. Settling15. _____to work overtime that evening, I missed an important appointment.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having askedD. To be asked16.______ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.A. Having not knownB. Not to knowC. Don’t knowD. Not knowing17. You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.A. becauseB. providedC. unlessD. so far as18. _____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A. To lookB. Looking atC. Looked atD. To be looked at19. _____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A. To be judged the bestB. Judged the bestC. Having judged the bestD. Judging the best20. A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.A. mixedB. mixingC. to mixD. having mixed分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost 1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA 分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost 1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA 分词专练Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost 1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA。
高二语法练习题在阅读理解中，语法是非常重要的一部分。
掌握语法不仅可以帮助我们理解文章的意思，还可以提高我们的写作能力。
接下来，我将为大家提供一些高二语法练习题，希望能够帮助大家巩固所学的语法知识。
1. 下列句子中，哪个使用了正确的时态形式？A. I will go to the park yesterday.B. She is going to visit her grandparents tomorrow.C. We have gone to the movie last night.D. He has won the competition next week.答案：B. She is going to visit her grandparents tomorrow.2. 下列句子中，哪个使用了正确的被动语态？A. The cake has baked by my mother.B. The bag was stolen by someone.C. He eats an apple every day.D. They will invite to the party.答案：B. The bag was stolen by someone.3. 下列句子中，哪个使用了正确的条件句结构？A. If I will see her, I will say hi.B. She wouldn't have missed the train if she wakes up earlier.C. Unless you will study hard, you won't pass the exam.D. If it was raining tomorrow, we have to stay at home.答案：B. She wouldn't have missed the train if she wakes up earlier.4. 下列句子中，哪个使用了正确的比较级和最高级形式？A. This book is the more interesting than the last one.B. He is the tallest person in our class.C. Her skirt is as more beautiful as mine.D. They are more better at playing basketball than us.答案：B. He is the tallest person in our class.5. 下列句子中，哪个使用了正确的疑问词和疑问句结构？A. Why you want to go to the party?B. Where is the library, please?C. What she is doing tomorrow?D. How much is the price of the ticket?答案：D. How much is the price of the ticket?通过以上的练习题，我们可以看到语法对于理解句子的意思和正确表达自己的观点非常重要。
Part 1 非谓语动词全貌学习目标1. 能够识别非谓语动词的三种基本形式 to do，doing，done；2. 能够找到句子的谓语和非谓语。
知识精华先来看一句中文（改编自2019 年全国卷2）：正在被昆虫咬的枫树会释放一种特殊气味来警告其它枫树。
这句话的动词有：被咬，释放，警告。
英文译为M aple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell to warn other maple trees.谓语动词：send out；非谓语动词：getting bitten, to warm我们知道，英语句子（主句或从句）只有一套主谓结构（一主一谓）。
如果出现其它动词，则不能再充当句子谓语，称之为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的基本形式：不定式t o do；动名词/现在分词doing；过去分词done。
谓语是完整的时态结构。
句子谓语个数=连接词个数+1.例如A nimation has always been a popular industry in Japan.连接词个数：0 个句子谓语个数1 个：has been。
【2019 年全国卷1】 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.连接词个数：2 个谓语个数为3个: had told; would be spending; would have laughed强化练习找出下列句子的谓语动词：【2019 年全国卷2】The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.A. has permittedB. to useC. to makeD. to fly答案：A这句话有几个谓语动词？【2019 年全国卷1】Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help withtheir children, she politely refused.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4答案：B非谓语动词不能充当句子谓语。
非谓语动词可以充当句子的其它成分：主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。
区别下列句子中非谓语动词（短语）的成分：例如：Smoking is prohibited here.（主语）The government permitted the company to use special materials.（补语）The words used in the book are from poems.（定语）T o improve my English, I worked very hard.（状语）He promised not to tell anyone about it.(宾语)His hobby is collecting stamps.(表语)强化练习下列句子共有几个非谓语动词？1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.答案：1 个2. 【2019 年全国卷2】Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed itsfirst flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.答案：4 个Part 2 分词的含义与用法学习目标记住现在分词d oing 和过去分词d one 的含义。
知识精华分词分为现在分词d oing 和过去分词d one。
在句中起修饰作用，相当于形容词或副词，在句中可以作定语、状语、补语。
分词作定语的位置：单个分词前置；分词短语后置。
经典例句1. I have a dog.2. I have a precious dog.形容词p recious”珍贵的”充当句子中的定语，修饰名词dog。
3. I have a swimming dog.swimming 是现在分词作定语，修饰名词 dog。
表示”正在游泳的狗”。
即单个分词位置前置。
4. I have a dog swimming in the pool.swimming in the pool 是现在分词短语，修饰名词 dog，表示”正在游泳池游泳的狗”。
即分词短语位置后置。
分词作定语的含义：现在分词：进行过去分词：完成对比下列词组：falling leaves 正在掉落的叶子（进行）fallen leaves 已经掉落的叶子（完成）a sinking ship 一艘正在沉的船（进行）a sunken ship 一艘已经沉的船（完成）a developing country 一个发展中国家（进行）a developed country 一个发达国家（完成）现在分词：主动过去分词：被动the rising sun （主动）a broken cup （被动）the burning coal （主动）a respected writer （被动）the barking dog （主动）boiled water (被动) 必背：现在分词：主动进行过去分词：被动完成分词作定语的考点考试主要考后置定语，判断主被动。
即非谓语动词和紧跟名词的主被动关系。
经典例句1. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.build（建造）与其紧跟名词 school（学校）之间是被动关系，即学校被建造。
所以选用过去分词b uild。
分词短语b uilt in 1980s 后置即可。
2. The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.enjoy（享受）与其紧跟名词people（人们）之间是主动关系，即人们享受。
所以选用现在分词e njoying。
分词短语 enjoying themselves in the sunshine 后置即可。
3. T oday there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.Carry（承载）与其紧跟名词 airplanes（飞机）之间是主动关系，即飞机承载人们。
所以选用现在分词c arrying。
分词短语 carrying more people 后置即可。
强化练习用所给动词的现在分词 doing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. The ______(fall) snow was frozen hard.2. The ______(fall) snowflakes in the sky are beautiful.3. Clint can’t bear the smell of ____ (burn) bread.4. Stay away from the ______(burn) coal.5. Did you attend the meeting__ (hold) last Saturday?答案：1. fallen2. falling3. burned4. burning5. heldPart 3 拓展阅读Birthdays Around the World.Birthday traditions vary around the world. In the United States, people often cel ebrate a birthday with a party. They give presents and serve cake and ice cream. People in Korea celebrate in a different way. They eat seaweed soup and rice cakes. Koreans serve seaweed soup because it is healthful, and they decorate the rice cakes with nuts and dried fruit. Party guests may wear traditional clothes called hanbok. The jacket looks like a shirt with long sleeves. Women wear skirts, and men wear loose, flowing pants.In China people eat “l ongevi ty noodles” on their birthdays. These long noodles symbolize long life. Children do not have birthday parties, because parents do not want the gods to notice the children until they are adults. However, children may eat special birthday foods, such as an egg dish. Parents urge their children to eat the yellow yolk in the middle of the egg. In Chinese the word for “yolk” sounds the same as the word for “control” Children eat the yolk as a reminder that adults guide them. Parents give their children money in a red envelope for luck. Adults have birthday parti es. One of the biggest parties happens when a person turns 60.Children in Mexico have birthday parties with family and friends. They play with a piñata, which is a hollow figure in the shape of an animal, a flower, or favorite thing. The piñata contains candy and prizes, and it hangs from the ceiling. Each child tries to hit the piñata with a stick. Children must take turns, and they also must wear a blindfold, or a piece of cloth that covers their eyes. People believe that the child who breaks the pi fiat a will have good luck, When the piñata breaks, everyone grabs the treasures that fall out of it.In Germany people call a child's birthday party a kinder fest. Hi storians think that Germans were the first people to have birthday parties for children. P arents place a wooden birthday wreath withcandles on it upon the table. They light a tall candle in the middle, the “life” candle, every year until their child turns 12 years old. The mother cooks all day to prepare a homemade meal for this event.A child at a birthday party in Canada may find a coin in his or her piece of cake. When the children play party games, the child who finds the coin goes first. Guests may also receive “crackers.” A cracker is a tube covered with colored paper. When a person pulls a paper strip, the cracker splits open with a loud bang. The cracker may have a prize inside it. The prize could be a paper that tells the person's fortune.拓展词汇cel e brate： to have a party, ceremony, or other activity for an eventLongevi t y：length of lifeHi s torians：people who study or write about historyWreath：an object shaped like a ring or a circleFortune： what happens or will happen to a person, whether good or badV ary：to be differentSymbol i z e：to stand for or represent选词填空1. Red roses often ___ love.2. Pam made a ____ of flowers to hang on her front door.3. The basketball team ate pizza to ______ the game they won.4. People can exercise and eat healthful foods to increase their __ .5. ______ learn about how people lived in the past.6. Linda had the good ______ to win free movie tickets.7. Weather patterns ___ _ in different parts of the world.答案：1. Red roses often symbolize love.2. Pam made a wreath of flowers to hang on her front door.3. The basketball team ate pizza to celebrate the game they won.4. People can exercise and eat healthful foods to increase their longevity.5. Historians learn about how people lived in the past.6. Linda had the good fortune to win free movie tickets.7. Weather patterns vary in different parts of the world. Recal l ing Facts1. Korean traditional clothes are calleda. piñatas.b. han bok,c. kind cr fest.2. People eat longevity noodles on their birthdays ina. China.b. Mexico,c. Germany.3. On their birthdays, children in China receivea. crackers,b. money in red envelopes,c. wooden birthday wreaths.4. On a child's birthday in Germany, parents light aa. piñata.b. firecracker.c. life candle.5. A cracker at a birthday party in Canada isa. a red envelope.b. a very long noodle.c. a tube covered with colored paper.答案： 1-5 babccUnderstandi ng Ideas1. The main idea of the article is thata. people around the world celebrate birthdays in various ways.b. people around the world like to celebrate special occasions.c. Germans may have had the first birthday parties fo r children.2. From the article, you can conclude that birthday celebrations around the worlda. are very similar to each other.b. usually include cake and ice cream.c. reflect the different beliefs of different groups of people.3. Y ou can also conclude that most birthday celebrations includea. special food.b. colorful clothing.c. a traditional dance.4. The person who is most likely to have a birthday party in China isa. a 1-year-old.b.a 7-year-old. c. a60-year-old.5. In both Canada and China, it is likely that money symbolizesa. long life.b. good fortune.c. a happy year.答案： 1-5 acacb成果检验用所给动词的现在分词d oing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.答案：used2. The girl ______(stand) under the tree is really charming.答案：standing3. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____ _(develop) after great effort.答案：developed4. T o return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _____ (conduct) inAustralia in 2019.答案：conducted5. The woman _____ (give) a lesson at the moment is our teacher.答案：giving课后作业用所给动词的现在分词d oing 或过去分词d one 形式填空：1. His first book ____ (publish) last month was based on a true story.答案：published2. The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 答案：questioned阅读理解The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been all effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became all important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商)”.The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.1. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.2. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets.D.Working with ad agencies.3. The l8th century advertising was special in its _____ .A. growing spendingB. printing materialsC. advertising companiesD. attractive designs4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The V alue of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for Advertising【答案】BADA第11页/共11页。
