reading strategy 阅读策略 ppt

Reading Strategy
Duan Lifu
Contents
1. Background Information 2. Four Reading Models 3. Three Kinds of Reading Strategies 4. Reading Process
Reading Strategy Reading Strategy
Reading Strategy
We make conscious use of it when we try to see the overall purpose of the text, or get a rough idea of the pattern of the writer’s argument, in order to make a reasoned guess at the next step (based on the schema we have acquired ).We might compare this approach to an eagle’s eye.
2.2 The top-down processing
The top-down model is that readers bring a great deal of knowledge, expectations, assumptions and questions to the text and, give a basic understanding of the vocabulary; they continue to read as long as the text confirms their expectations. (Goodman, 1967)
Recombining
Looking for answers Looking for the answers according to the order of the time in the in chronological order passage in the passage Reading the question option before reading the passage Summarizing Grouping Using linguistic clues Searching reaching Readers read the passage with questions and choices
Reader may shift from one focus to another, adopting a top-down approach to predict the probable meaning, then moving from the bottom-up approach to check whether that is really what the writer says. It is known as interactive reading.
Making a condensed, shorter version of the original passage Grouping involves classifying or reclassifying what is read into meaning groups, thus reducing the number of unrelated items Using suffixes, prefixes and word order to guess meaning Locating information on predetermined topics
Reading Strategy
1.2 The importance of using strategy
If a reader knows how, when and where to use an appropriate strategy, this would help him to improve reading comprehension. Strategies aid readers to process the text actively, to monitor their comprehension and to connect what they are reading to their own knowledge and to other parts of the text.
The schema theory
Reading Strategy
2.1 The bottom-up processing
Bottom-up model means that the reader constructs the text from smallest unit (letter to words to phrases to sentence, etc) and that the process of constructing the text from those small units becomes so automatic that readers are not aware of how if operates. (Eskey, 1988)
1. 1 What is reading strategy?
Pritchard (1990) defines a strategy as a deliberate action that readers take voluntarily to develop an understanding of what they read. Kellerman (1983) defines a strategy as a “well organized approach to a problem”. Olshavsky (1977) claims that a strategy is a purposeful means of comprehending the author’s message.
Reading Strategy
3. Three kinds of reading strategies
Cognitive strategies
Skimming (略读) Skipping （跳读） Visualizing Using background knowledge Taking notes Getting the gist of the passage Skipping unimportant parts or words while reading Using images to help with understanding of new information encountered Using familiar knowledge of the world to understand the reading Jotting down the main ideas and important points while reading. Scanning （寻读） Locating a particular piece of information
Reading Strategy
This can happen if our world knowledge is inadequate, or if the writer’s point of view is very different from our own. In that case, we must scrutinize the vocabulary and syntax to make sure we have grasped the plain sense correctly. Thus bottom-up processing can be used as a corrective to “tunnel vision (seeing things only from our Reading own limited point of view)”. Strategy
Reading Strategy
Analyzing
Involving analyzing elements (words, syntax) of the new language to determine likeness and differences in comprehension with one’s native language Involving constructing a meaningful sentence or longer experience by putting together known elements in new way
Transferring
Inferring Translating
Using previously acquired knowledge to facilitate a new learning task
Guessing meanings of new items, predicting outcomes or filling in missing information using available information in the text. Using their own knowledge as basis for understanding what they read in the new language
Reading Strategy
2.4 The schema theory
Schema theory is one of the most important theories in the study of reading comprehension. According to schema theory, all knowledge is packaged into units. These units are schemata. Schema theory also holds the view that comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. Efficient reading requires the ability to relate the textual material to one’s own knowledge. The reader’s schemata assist him to make assumptions about the meaning of the incoming text. Meanwhile, the reader makes confirmations, rejections and mediations with more information coming out from the text.