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牛津译林版英语八年级下册 Unit4 单元测试题

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牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 4 单元测试题（含答案）一、单项填空1. He is businesslike（认真的）and is often _______. I hope he will have more _______ at his business.A. success; successfulB. successful; successC. successfully; successfulD. successful; successful2. He always gets angry if he is kept _______ for five minutes.A. waitingB. waitC. to waitD. waitting3. They decided ________ after dinner.A. have a brokeB. have a breakC. to have a brokeD. to have a break4. The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there _______ more beautiful.A. making; lookB. to make; lookedC. and made; lookingD. and making; be looked5.—Dad, can I go to the movies tonight?—Sure, but you ________ come back home before 9 o’clo ck.A. canB. mustC. mayD. might6. We don’t know ________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li.A. what to doB. to do whatC. whether to doD. to do whether7. We can’t work out the physics problem. Can you tell us________?A. how to doB. what to do itC. how to do itD. what should to do8. —Can you come to have dinner with me this evening?—I’m afraid not. I _______ take care of my grandmother. She is ill.A. can’tB. have toC. mayD. could9. —Don’t give up, my children. Keep ________ and you will be successful.—Thank you, Mr. Wang. We’ll try our best.A. working onB. working offC. for workingD. to work10. —Lucy, let me help you fix your computer.—_______. I can manage it myself.A. That’s OKB. No, thanksC. Perhaps notD. Not at all二、完形填空Self reflection means stopping the mad rush of activity and calming yourself and your mind so your brain can evaluate (评价) the input it has already received. Some people prefer to do 11 self reflections mentally, while others keep a diary or written notes of some kind. Whether written or purely mental，the 12 is the same.School textbooks are often divided into units of study. This can make it 13 for someone who wants to begin the process of self reflection to get started. Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study in any of the 14 you are learning: math, science, art, or any other topic. Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is over 15 there is some kind of test. Use these natural breaks as chances to stop and reflect.16 a quiet place. This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something early and the other students are 17 working. If you are going to take notes, take out paper or your reflection diary. Write down some 18 on things that you learned in this unit that you did not know before you began. Let your mind ponder (思考) on the notes you have written and make some connections. Next, think about the things that you still wonder about. 19 , maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem, but you’re not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions will help you remember to 20 seeking answers the next time you are exposed(接触) to the same topic.Self reflection is an essential skill for a successful student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.11. A. our B. your C. their D. its12. A. promise B. profile C. program D. process13. A. easier B. slower C. busier D. tougher14. A. questions B. subjects C. certificates D. activities15. A. instead of B. because C. because of D. than16. A. Pass B. Lose C. Find D. Refuse17. A. still B. seldom C. almost D. never18. A. evidence B. answers C. mistakes D. notes19. A. On time B. For example C. Right now D. In all20. A. stop B. decide C. forget D. continue三、阅读理解AMr. Green once worked in a big company. He was quite busy so that he couldn’t do any reading. So he gave up his job and opened a bookshop in the center of the town. It wasn’t big but all the books were nice and most people liked to buy some there. When the shop was closed, he could read at home. He knew a lot and many learned people were glad to make friends with him.It was Sunday and it was cold outside. Mr. Green was very busy. At nine in the evening all the buyers left but a woman was still there. She was dressed up and seemed to be waiting for somebody there. Standing by the shelves, she looked over the books one after another, and made them in a terrible mess. Mr. Green came up to her and asked, “Excuse me, madam. What can I do for you?”“Your books are not interesting at all,” said the woman, “I want a delicious one.”“That’s easy,” Mr. Green smiled. He brought out a cookbook and said, “Here you are, madam.”21. Why did Mr. Green change his job? _________.A. He didn’t like readingB. He was too busy to read booksC. He liked the life in the center of the townD. He wanted to write a cookbook himself22. Most people liked to buy books in the shop because __________.A. the bookshop was in the center of the townB. all the books were nice cookbooksC. it was very largeD. the books there were all good for people23. Which is WRONG?A. Mr. Green liked to lend his books to the learned persons.B. When Mr. Green came back home from the bookshop, he often did some reading.C. Many learned people liked to make friends with Mr. Green.D. At nine on that Sunday evening all the buyers left the bookshop except a woman.24. From the story we know that “learned people” means _________.A. people who are freeB. people who are studying hardC. people who have much knowledgeD. people who have much money25. What’s the most suitable ending of the story?A. Mr. Green would make friends with the woman.B. Mr. Green would teach the woman how to cook delicious food.C. The woman left the bookshop without buying any books.D. The woman bought many books in order to be a learned person.BPresents For Childre n’s DayOn sale!Charles M. Schulz was born in 1922 in Minneapolis, the only child of a housewife and a barber. His interest in comics was encouraged by his father, who loved the funny pages. Charles M. Schulz sold seventeen cartoons to the Saturday Evening Post from 1948 to 1950 and Li’l Folks to the St. Paul Pioneer Press. Peanuts debuted(首次露面) on October 2, 1950, and ran without interruption(中止) for the next fifty years. Charles M. Schulz died in 2000.Come and visit our website at www.b or come to Ballantine Bookshop, you’ll have a big surprise.26. Why did young Charles become interested in comics?A. He wanted to sell cartoons.B. His mother encouraged him.C. Cartoons brought him great times and fun.D. His father’s love for the funny pages influenced him.27. When did Peanuts first appear in public?A. In 1922.B. In 1948.C. In 1950.D. In 2000.28. Who doesn’t belong to the Peanuts gang?A. Snoopy.B. Lucy.C. Charles M. Schulz.D. Peppermint Patty.29. Which of the following appeared last?A. Peanuts 2000.B. Li’l Folks.C. It’s a Dog’s Life, Snoopy.D. It’s a Big World, Charlie Brown.30. What do you think the passage is?A. A novel.B. A menu.C. A diary.D. An advertisement.四、填空A.根据句意及汉语意思完成单词。

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译林版牛津英语八年级下册单元复习测试题(Unit4)有答案

译林版牛津英语八年级下册单元复习测试题(Unit4)有答案

译林版牛津英语八年级下册单元复习测试题(Unit 4) 班级：姓名：I.用所给单词的适当形式填空1. He finds pleasure in (read).2. In her spare time she read books on (cook).3. He is always back in (German) at medical college.4. Two-thirds of the (French) are in favour of limiting foreign imports into Europe.5. Women can't refuse (answer) a ringing phone, no matter what she's doing.6. Hard work leads to (success).7. You really can't (translate) humor or jokes.8. The company is not for (sell).9. Take my (advice) and stay away from him!10.I prefer (class) music to pop music.II.将下列单词或词组填入空格。

每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次A. variousB. similarC. with careD. familiarE. in troubleToday I ’m going to talk about rainforests. Are you 1 with them? They’r e interesting and exciting places! Many kinds of the world ’s plants and animals live in the rainforests.However, rainforests are 2 now –t hey are disappearing very fast because they are cut down or burnt every day. As a result, 3 animals and plants are dying out.Maybe you have never been to a rainforest, so why should you protect them 4 ?Rainforests are important to everyone. They are important because the plants in the rainforests make oxygen. We need oxygen to breathe.III.翻译句子1. 成龙在昨天的会议上建议我们参加慈善活动。

2021年牛津译林版英语八年级下学期 Unit 4 A good read 单元测试卷(含答案)

2021年牛津译林版英语八年级下学期 Unit 4 A good read 单元测试卷(含答案)

Unit 4 A good read 单元测试卷总分：100分时间：60分钟成绩评定：一、单项选择。

(15分)1. -- you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.--Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Might2. We can't solve the maths problem. Can you tell us ?A. how to doB. what to do itC. how to do itD. what should to do3.-- Are you interested in novels and plays?-- Yes. Some of them really ____ me to tears while I am reading.A. encourageB. changeC. touchD. please4. --I swim here?--I'm sorry. Children _________ swim alone here. It's very dangerous.A. Must; can'tB. May; mustC. Can; mustn'tD. Can't; can5. Did the policeman give much _______ on how to protect personal information?A. noteB. tipC. adviceD. book6. Everyone has problems sometimes. The most important thing is that we need to learn what to __ them.A. deal withB. do withC. tellD. know7. My parents are busy all day. I stay at home to look after my brother at weekends.A. mustB. have toC. shouldD. could8. Elsa doesn't know about her worries.A. who to talkB. where to talk toC. who to talk toD. how to talk9. If you are careless, you may ________A. fall downB. fall overC. fall intoD. fall off10. He always doesn't know where to __________ for a vacation.A. goB. leadC. makeD. invite11. --Do you_________like reading the books on cooking, Mrs White?--No, and my husband doesn't like them, ____So we usually go out for meals on weekends.A. too; alsoB. also; eitherC. either; as wellD. as well；either12. --______________I hand in the report today?-- No, you needn't.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Could13. The film me. I'm in it.A. interesting; interestedB. interesting; interestingC. interests; interestedD. interested；interesting14. You'd better ________ these books _______ the library as soon as possible.A. give; backB. return; backC. return back; toD. return; to15. --What did your father say?--He asked us____________.A. how to fix up the bicyclesB. why we fix up the bicyclesC. that we fixed up the bicyclesD. where did we fix Up the bicycles二、完形填空。

新译林版英语八年级下册第四单元单元综合测试卷含答案

新译林版英语八年级下册第四单元单元综合测试卷含答案

8B Unit4 A good read 单元综合测试卷（C）班级：_______ 姓名：_______ 得分：_______一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）( )1. My parents are busy all day. I_______ at home to look after my sister at weekends.A. must stayB. have to stayC. should stayD. could stay( )2. Students at Green High School often_______ books from their school library and can_______ them for a week.A. keep; borrowB. lend; keepC. borrow; borrowD. borrow; keep( )3. –Must I hand in my composition tomorrow morning?-No, you_______.A. don't have toB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. A&C( )4. Are you interested in novels by Victor Hugo, _______ The Hunchback of Notre Dame?A. such asB. and so onC. for exampleD. all in all( )5. Elsa doesn't know_______ about her worries.A. who to talkB. where to talk toC. who to talk toD. how to talk( )6. -I'm afraid the class has begun.-Don't worry. It_______ until the bell_______.A. doesn't begin; ringsB. won't beg n; will ringC. won't begin; ringsD. doesn't begin; will ring( )7. John isn't fond of swimming. Evans isn't, _______.A. alsoB. tooC. eitherD. as well( )8. There are_______ interesting books in our library that I don't know _______ first.A. so many; what to readB. so much; which to readC. so many; which to readD. so much; what to read( ) 9. _______ is easy and convenient for us_______ some information online.A. It; to searchingB. That; to searchC. It; to searchD. That; to searching( )10. John doesn't listen to the teacher carefully in class and he doesn't hand in homework on time. _______, he isn't a hard-working student.A. In a wordB. As a resultC. Above allD. In fact( )11. Don't worry, Jim. After a week, you_______ get better.A, will can B. are able toC. will be able toD. could( )12. David always studies hard. _______, he got the first prize in class.A. In a wordB. As a resultC. Above allD. In fact( )13. Excuse me, could you please tell me_______ buy this kind of computer?A. what toB. where can IC. what I canD. where I can( )14. -Excuse me, would you please tell me_______ get to the No. 1 Middle School?-Sorry, I don't know.A. how can IB. how I couldC. when toD. how I can( )15. Last night, Johnson_______ an amazing invitation, but he_______ itA. accepted; didn't receiveB. received; acceptedC. received; didn't acceptD. accepted; received二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Reading is a very good hobby for all the students. You can know much about the world 1 all kinds of books. I'm sure everyone has a favourite subject. 2 . some are interested in animals, some in history, and some are interested in literature. 3 is science. I like it because it's fun and educational.My favourite 4 is Around the World in Eighty Days. It was written 5 Jules Verne, a 6 writer. Jules Verne was regarded as father of Modern Science Fiction because he devoted(奉献) 7 to literature and wrote several well-known scientific romances.The exciting story of Around the World in Eighty Days 8 us about an English gentleman whose name is Mr. Phileas Fogg, he travels around the world in eighty days. From the story, we can see the writer's love for the sea, travelling and adventure(冒险). 9 , they played an important role in his life. Thanks to the writer's imagination, language skills and scientific and geographical knowledge, we can feel 10 we were there when we read the story.( )1. A. with the help B. under the help ofC. with the help ofD. under the help( )2. A. For example B. In a word C. As a result D. At first( )3. A. My B. Me C. Myself D. Mine( )4. A. cartoon B. fiction C. novel D. magazine( )5. A. by B. with C. to D. from( )6. A. France B. Germany C. French D. America( )7. A. herself B. himself C. themselves D. itself( )8. A. talks B. says C. tells D. speaks( )9. A. At last B. In a word C. As a result D. In fact( )10. A. as that B. as though C. as if D. even though三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）AAn old man walked slowly into a restaurant with his cane(拐杖). His old jacket and shoes made him unusual that day.A young waitress named Mary watched him move towards a table by the window. She ran over to him, and said with a smile, "Here, sir. Let me give you a hand."Without saying a word, he gave her a smile. She pulled the chair away from the table andhelped him sit down. Then she put his cane against the table so that he could reach it. In a soft, clear voice, he said, "Thank you, miss.""You're welcome, sir," she replied. "I'll be back in a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me!"After he had finished a good meal, Mary brought him the change. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, "Come back and see us, sir!" The old man turned around and smiled.When Mary went to clean his table, she was shocked. Under the plate, she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note. The note said, "Dear Mary, I respect(尊重) you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness."In fact, the old man was the owner of the restaurant. That was the first time that she, or any of his waitresses, had seen him.( )1. The old man looked_______.A. youngB. handsomeC. unusualD. common( )2. As soon as the old man entered the restaurant, Mary greeted him_______.A. politelyB. slowlyC. sadlyD. angrily( )3. Mary told the old man to _______ when he needed something.A. ring the bellB. wave at herC. shout at herD. telephone her( )4. Mary was shocked when she found a business card, a 100-dollar bill and a note______.A. on the chairB. on the groundC. under the bowlD. under the plate( )5. The old man was_______.A. Mary's fatherB. Mary's neighbourC. the boss of the restaurantD. a waiter of the restaurantBReading is a good habit, but the problem is, there's too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good.Preview-if it's long and hard. Previewing is especially useful for getting a general idea of heavy reading like long magazine articles and business reports.Here's how to preview.●Read the first two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs carefully.●Then read only the first sentence of the other paragraphs. Previewing doesn't give you all the details. It keeps you from spending time on things you don't really want or need to read.Skim-if it's short and simple. Skimming is a good way to get a general idea of lightreading-like popular magazines or the sports and entertainment of your daily paper.Here's how to skim.●Get your eyes to move fast. Sweep them across each line.●Pick up only a few key words in each line.Everybody skims differently. You and I may not pick up the same words when we skim the same piece, but we'll get a similar idea of what it's all about.( )6. How many skills are recommended in this passage?_______.A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.( )7. My uncle is a businessman. He has to read many business reports every day. But he doesn't have enough time. Do you think which kind of reading way he should choose?A. Skimming.B. Speaking aloud.C. Previewing.D. Reading quietly.( )8. What should we NOT do when we read sports news in a daily paper according to the passage?A. Read the last two paragraphs carefully.B. Get our eyes to move fast.C. Sweep our eyes across each line.D. Pick up only a few key words in each line.( )9. If you only want to get a general idea of heavy reading like long magazine articles, what should you do?A. Read the first two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs carefully.B. Read all the paragraphs word for word, sentence for sentence.C. Read only the first sentence of the other paragraphs.D．A&C( )10. What is the best title for this passage?A. How to Read FasterB. What to ReadC. When to ReadD. Why We Should Read四、词汇检测（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或通过上下文，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。

牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 4《A good read》单元综合测试卷

牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 4《A good read》单元综合测试卷

牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 4《A good read》单元综合测试卷一、单项填空(20’)( ) 1.-I'm not sure what to get for my mother on Mother's Day. What about you? -Oh, I have no idea, _______.A. alsoB. eitherC. tooD. so( )2.I can't decide_______.A. what to do itB. how shall I doC. how to do itD. what shall I do it( )3.-My uncle goes swimming every Sunday.-Oh? But he_______ hate swimming,A. use toB. uses toC. is used toD. used to( )4. The sweaters are so beautiful. I don't know_______.A. will buy whichB. which to buyC. which buyD. to buy which ( )5. Can you feel him_______ on your back.A. knockingB. is knockingC. knockedD. to knock( )6. The family_______ stay at the hotel because it was raining hard.A. have toB. had toC. need toD. want to( )7. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I'll call Wendy to make sure_______.A. why to startB. which to startC. what to startD. when to start ( )8.I didn't find out the answer_______ the end of the story.A. inB. untilC. whenD. to( )9. We found the story very_______. All of us were_______ in it.A. interesting; interestedB. interested; interestedC. interested; interestingD. interesting; interesting( )10. Students at Green High School often _______ books from their school library and can_______ them for a week.A. borrow; keepB. lend; keepC. borrow; borrowD. keep; borrow ( )11. The horse can't run_______ it did years ago.A. as faster asB. so fast thanC. as fast asD. as fastest as ( )12. In our school library, there are many books like English, Chinese, maths_______.A. for exampleB. and so onC. such asD. also( )13. Mr Brown together with his family_______ Sanya for a few weeks.A. have been inB. ha ve been toC．has been in D．has left( )14.I_______ a gift from my penfriend Peter, but I didn't_______ it.A. received; acceptB. received; receiveC. accepted; acceptD. accepted; receive( )15. You must read the instructions carefully_______ you take the medicine （药）．A. whileB. afterC. soD. before( )16. You_______ jump onto the bus while it is moving. It's too dangerous.A. mayB. may notC. mustD. mustn't( )17. -Do you know_______ for help when we are in trouble at school?-Yes, our teachers and friends.A. who should we askB. what to askC. who to askD. how should we ask( )18.I must give the book back to Li Xiao. I_______ it for a week.A. have lentB. have keptC. have borrowedD. has had( )19. ----Let's go to the concert tonight, Michael!---Sorry, I_______.I have to help my mother with the housework.A. mustn'tB. may notC. needn'tD. can't( )20. -It's so hot here. Do you mind_______ the window?-_______. I will do it right now.A. to close; YesB. to open, NoC. opening; Of course notD. closing; I hope so二、完形填空(10%)Most students in America do housework after school. Parents often ask their children to do something 1 or interesting at home. Also, they 2 their children to do something hard or boring. Parents would like to give their children some pocket money for their 3 . And the children can 4 money by doing the housework.President Obama 5 that he gives his two daughters Sasha and Malia a dollar everyweek, 6 they often set the table, wash the dishes and clean up their 7 on weekends. One dollar is little for the housework, but the two 8 are very happy to make their pocket money. They buy their favourite books or food with 9 .Obama hopes his daughters can 10 some money-management skills.( )1. A. difficult B. easy C. busy D. bad( )2. A. want B. hope C. let D. take( )3.A. study B. party C. homework D. housework( )4. A. make B. enjoy C. find D. buy( )5. A. says B. thinks C. hopes D. hears( )6.A. and B. then C. because D. but( )7. A. office B. classroom C. bedroom D. library( )8.A. parents B. friends C. children D. students( )9.A. it B. him C. her D. them( )10.A. teach B. ask C. find D. learn三、阅读理解(20’)(A)Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads. Most of these people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they can't see or hear very well. Children are killed because they are not careful. They forgetto look and listen before they cross the roads.A car or a bus can't stop quickly. If a car is going very fast, it will travela few metres before it stops. Some people don't always understand this. They thinka car can stop in a few metres. It's difficult to know how fast a car is moving. The only way to cross the roads safely is to look both ways, right and left. Thenif the roads are empty, you can cross them.( ) 1. What kind of people are often killed when crossing the road?A. Young people.B. Older people.C. Little children.D. The old and the young.( )2. Old people are often killed in traffic accidents because_______.A. they are not able to seeB. they are not able to hearC. they walk slowlyD. they can't see or hear very well( )3. The children are killed in traffic accidents because_______.A. they like to cross the roadsB. they are carelessC. they are carefulD. they can't see or hear very well( )4. If a car is going very fast, it_______.A．will not stop B. will travel a few metres after it stopsC. will move several metres before it stopsD. will be easy to stop in a few minutes( )5. Which of the following is NOT right?A. None of the people know a traveling car can stop in a few metres.B. The only way to cross the roads safely is to look right and left of the ways.C. If the roads are busy, you can't cross the roads.D. It's not easy to know how fast a car is traveling.（B）Once there was a piano player in a bar (酒吧) . People came just to hear him play. But one night, a lady asked him to sing a so ng. "I don't sing," said the man.But the lady told the waiter, "I'm tired of listening to the piano. I want the playerto sing!" The waiter shouted across the room, "Hey, friend! If you want to get paid, sing a song!" So he did. He had never sung in public before. Now he was singingfor the very first time! Nobody had ever heard the song Mona Lisa sung so beautifully !He had talent (天赋) he was sitting on! He may have lived the rest of his lifeas a no-name piano player in a no-name bar. But once he found, by accident, thathe could sing well, he went on working hard and became one of the best-known singersin the US. His name was Nat King Cole.You, too, have skills and abilities. You may not feel that your talent is great,but it may be better than you think. With hard work, most skills can be improved. Besides, you may have no success at all if you just sit on your talent.( )6. The lady asked the player to sing a song because __________.A. she enjoyed his singingB. she knew him very wellC. she had paid him for thisD. she wanted to have a change( )7. Nat King Cole succeeded because ___________.A. he caught the chanceB. the lady helped him a lotC. he continued to play in the barD. he stopped playing the piano( )8. The words " sit on" in the passage probably mean "________________".A. try to developB. manage to showC. fail to realizeD. forget to use( )9. From the story we know i f you have some talent, you should _________.A. hide it and waitB. ask others for helpC. pay no attention to itD. work hard to improve yourself( )10. Which could be the best title for the passage?A. Find Your Hidden TalentB. Sing in the BarC. Achieve Success in LifeD. Never Lose Heart四、单词填空（11’）1.Do you like reading ____________(小说).2.I like reading books on _____________(科学).3.Who is _________(捆) those old books?4. A cow has four ________（胃）.5.It is necessary to eat _________(健康).6.They are __________(不能) to fly to Shanghai? It’s snowing hard.7.Do you know the ___________（设计者）names?8.This book has been __________(翻译) into about 70 languages.9.All the publishing houses _________(拒绝) to publish Harry Potter series.10.He is a __________(加拿大人), but he has lived in China since 1989.11.I will never forget the ____________(经历) in America.五、动词填空(10’)1.2.__________(travel) to Yunnan is a pleasant thing.3.It used to ________(be) the home of many wild animals.4.Remember __________(turn) off all the lights if you want to go out.5.I’m sorry I have ________(trouble) you. Have you got a moment?6.The old man told the policeman he saw the accident __________(happen) when hewas passing by.7.I can’t get into the room. I ___________(forget) to bring the key with me.8.I’m sorry for not __________(let) you know the good news earlier.9.The radio says the rain __________( not stop) until later on, doesn’t it?10.My father went to Japan last week. He _________(be) there for another two weeks.六、句型转换(5’)1. His bag is big and my bag is big too.（同义句转换）My bag is_______ _______ _______ as his bag.2．Jill is reading a book called Gulliver's Travels.（对画线部分提问）_______ is Jill reading?3．Gulliver talked with those small men.（对画线部分提问）_______ did Gulliver_______ with?4. That man was tiny and ugly. （对画线部分提问）_______ _______ that man?5. I found I could not move.I found _______ _______ for me to move.（同义句转换）七、句子翻译(14’)1.我尽量快地游泳，但是我还是输了。