牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B Unit 1知识点归纳一.(1)易错单词及重点单词.passed\ past; present\ parent; wife\ wives; realize; reduce; alone\ along; century;developed\ developing\ development; feel\ fall(2)复数：life—lives; wife—wives; knife—knives; loaf—loaves; leaf—leaves; shelf—shelves;wolf—wolves; thief—thieves(3)过去式, 过去分词：throw—threw—thrown; sew—sewed—sewn; blow—blew—blown; fall—fell-fallen;fell—felt—felt;二.重要单词用法.1.past: 1) n. in the past过去时; 2) adj. in the past few years现在完成时;3) prep. half past one4) adv. walk past sp.--- He was the first to pass the finishing line.He passed the finishing line.He was first past the finishing line.2.present: (n) the past, the present（现在）and the futureat present= right now= at the momentpresent= gift礼物present: (v) --- presentation (n) the presentation of cup and medalspresent sb with sth.--- sb be presented with sth.3.since: (prep) :自---以来; 既然:since 1984 ; since 3 years agosince＋过去的时间\过去的状语从句\ 一段时间＋ago--- How long has your uncle lived here? --- Since 1980.\two years ago.(conj)--- He has lived here since he was born.Since（既然）everyone is here , let’s begin the meeti ng.4.south (n)--- southern (adj) north--- northerneast—eastern west--- westernsouth\ north\ east\ west of--- The zoo is (to the ) north of the station.in the south of--- : Guangzhou is in the south of China.to the south of--- : Wuxi is(to the) south of Taizhou.on the south of--- : Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.5.till\ until: (prep) until midnight; at midnight--- The restaurant is open until midnight.(conj) She waited until her mother came back.Don’t get off the bus until it stops.till\ until (时间)；up to (数字)：直到---not--- until---: 直到---才--- （主将从现）6.marry (v)--- married (adj) --- marriage: (n)marry sb; get married (to---); marry A to B; be married (to---) celebrate their fifteen years of marriage--- They have been married for ten years.They got married two years ago.When did he get married?--------------- marry her?----------------get married to her?7.wife--- wives (复数)More than one wife is----: 不只一个妻子---(谓语动词用单数)8.turn (v)--- turning (n)拐角处take turns to do sth.; It’s one’s turn to do sth.turn to page 5 ; turn red\ greenturn right at the first crossing= take the first turning on the righte:\z\ ( v). --- use:\s\ (n.) --- useful\ useless: \s\ (adj)be in use= be in service ---- The railway station has been in service since 2002. use---to do-- --- We use wood to make paper.sth. be used to do --- Wood is used to make paper.use--- for doing --- We use wood for making paper.sth. be used for doing --- Wood is used for making paper.be\get used to doing: 习惯于做---used to do sth: 过去常常做某事--- My grandpa used to read newspapers after supper,but now he is used to going walking.10.waste: (n) a waste of time(浪费时间)；talk to him is a waste of timedump its waste into the river11.pollute: (v)--- pollution: (n)---polluted:( adj)pollute the river; polluted water; water\ air\ noise\light pollutiontake action to reduce the pollution12.open: (v)--- open: (adj) have\has been openclose: (v)--- closed: (adj) have\has been closedopen\ close the door; keep the door open\ closed--- The factory opened five years ago.--- The factory has been open for five years.13. (1) a little a little\ a bit\ a little bit hungry｛a bit ｝＋原级\比较级----------------------------easiera little bit(2) a bit of ＋不可数名词= a little---: a little\ a bit of water(3) not --- a bit= not at all: 一点儿也不（4）not--- a little= very: 非常14.lonely: (adj) 作表语\定语alone: (adv) 作表语\状语alone= on one’s own= by oneselffeel lonely; a lonely house; be alone; live alone--- He lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesn’t feel lonely.15.interview sb= have an interview with sb.16.luck: (n)--- lucky: (adj) --- luckily: (adv)---luckier—luckiest ---more luckily\ the most luckily good luck\ bad luck; wish you good luck; good luck to sb with sth.--- Luckily, he was not badly hurt.17.from time to time= at times= sometimes: 有时候at all times= all the time: 总是，一直18.用于现在完成时的词：ever\ never\ just\ before\ already\ yet\ since\ recently\over (in) the past(last) few years19.(1)develop (v): 培养develop the habit of doing---；develop the plants that can grow on Mars(2)developed (adj):发达的---- America is a developed country;less developed:欠发达的(3)developing (adj)发展中的---- China is a developing country(4)development (n) --- with the development of ---20.lend--- lent--- lentlend sb sth= lend sth to sb.borrow sth from sb--- You can borrow any book from the library, but you can’t lend it to others.21.relax: (v)--- relaxed : (adj)relaxing: 令人放松的--- The relaxing music makes me relaxed. 22.feel: (v)--- feeling: (n)feel—felt—felt; fall—fell—fallenhave the same feeling; create a feeling of harmonyfeel relaxed; hurt one’s feelings23. advantage – disadvantage (可数)the advantages of doing sth.24. recent adj.(指时间) in the recent photo(近照)recently adv.25. realize:(v)实现\意识到---realistic:(adj)现实的realize the importance of doing sth.realize one’s mistakeseg: I realized my dream.= My dream has been realized.=My dream has come true.26. with the development of science and technology:随着科学技术的发展27. Fathe r’s Day父亲节; Parent s’ meeting家长会:28. in:表示在内部；on:表示接壤；to:表示不包含不接壤29. What problems do they have to solve (solve)?---------------------------------- solving (solve）---?复习Page 8-11 , Page 21-22三.重点短语及句型.下象棋: play Chinese chess 在不同时代: at different times空地: open space 结婚:get married在某些方面:in some ways 在小学:be in primary school下棋: play chess 在---的南部:in the southern part of--- 变化很大:change a lot 时常，偶尔:from time to time单独:be alone=all by oneself 带来很多好处:bring many advantages 投入使用:be in service\use 过着现代化的生活:live a modern life 有同感:have the same feeling 引起许多问题:cause many problems 采取措施减少污染: take action to reduce the pollution变成一个新名胜:become a new interesting place将这个地方变成公园:turn the place into a park出国深造:go abroad for further study\education.四.词汇短语.1.marry: (vt\vi) marry sb; get married (to sb---);be married (to sb--); marry A to B ----He and she have got married.Jane’s going to marry John.He is married to a famous writer.2.turn: turn--- (from A ) into B--- Water turns into ice when it freezes.Now the school has turned into\become a supermarket.3.miss : (1) The post office is 100 metres along this road, you can’t miss it.(2）miss a meeting\ a class\ the train\ the chance＋to do sth.错过做---的机会(3)miss sb. miss sb very muchmiss doing sth= fail to do sth. 错过做---4.please : (v) pleased：（adj）指人pleasant: (adj)指物pleasure: (n)be pleased to do；be｛pleased\satisfied\ happy｝with ：对---满意sth please sb: 某物使人高兴---The news pleased us.\ made us pleased.---1) Thank you for your help. ---It’s a\my pleasure不用谢---2) Can you help me? ---With pleasure.很乐意---3) What pleasant weather it is!---4) (It is ＋adj＋to do sth.)It’s pleasant to do sth.= It’s a pleasure to do sth.5.pollute (v) –-- We must stop the｛river from being polluted.pollution to live a happy life.（表目的）pollution (n)--- air\ noise\ water pollution6.lonely\ alonea lonely village---He is alone, but he never feels lonely.Her mother doesn’t allow her to go out alone.7.although: (conj)--- Although he said they were married, I’m sure they aren’t.（注：although 不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用）--- Although he was only ten, (yet) he knew a lot.8.change :1)(n) a physical change:物理变化； a chemical change:化学变化2)(v) Our city has changed a lot.9.surprised: (adj) --- We’re all surprised to hear the news.surprising: (adj) --- a surprising result--- He was surprised at the surprising news.surprise: (v) . --- What he said surprised me.= made me surprised.surprise: (n) --- in surprise; in fear; in dangerto one’s surprise\ fear\ joy\ happiness\ sadness10.feeling: (n) a feeling of hunger\ joy\ danger---have no feeling of othersfeelings:(复数) hurt one’s feelings.11.cause: 1)vt. （cause sb to do sth. 使某人做---）--- The cold weather caused the plants to die.She’s always causing trouble\make trouble for people.My car has caused me a lot of trouble.2)n.原因the cause of stress（原因）= the reason for sth（理由）.;五．句型：1. not---any more--- I don’t want to play with y ou any more.--- People often ask me to spell my name and now I don’t want to spell my name any more2.I have known it since I was very young.I have heard of Liu Huan since I was very young.3.It ＋be＋adj ＋(for sb) to do sth.--- It has become very difficult to see my old friends.--- It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens.--- It’s good to drink a cup of water after you get up in the morning.4 .I’m happy that my mother has free time in the morning now.I’m happy that you have c ome.5.It used to be the home of many wild animals.He used to be a history teacher.He used to live in the country（农村）.There used to be a park near our school.六．写作.以The changes to my hometown为题写一篇短文.提示：1.对家乡的过去作简单2.谈谈家乡现在的变化3.畅想家乡的未来8B Unit2一.单词.symbol fantastic include:(v) including:(prep) speed excitement harm experience meaningful abroad endless二.短语.1.bring---with---: （反）take--- with---; carry --- with--2.go hiking; go jogging:慢跑（jog—jogged—jogged—jogging）3.see the beautiful view4.at the entrance to sp.5.at high speed:高速; at low speed:低速; at top speed:疾速;at full speed:全速at the speed of---:以---速度：6.through the whole ride7.such as8.in all总共9.scream with excitement10.all year round11.a meaningful experience12.travel abroad13.be excited about---14.have a bird’s-eye view of:鸟瞰15.cultural centre:文化中心三.句型.1. go on a trip to sp. go on holiday go to Japan for a holiday2. It must be fun.3. Can I join you?4. can’t stop doing:忍不住做---5. What do you think was the best part of that day?6. some time一段时间sometime某时some times几次sometimes有时侯四.复习单词表.（一）容易错的单词及重点单词：fantastic performer magic harmful\less hopeless endless conference(会议) (have a conference) culture marriage motorcycle experience meaningful(二) 重要单词的用法：1.symbol: (n) 象征--- The Great Wall is a symbol of China.A dove(鸽子)is a symbol of peace.2.fantastic: (adj) 极好的，美妙的have a fantastic\ great\ good\ nice\ wonderful time (doing sth.)过得愉快= enjoy oneself( in ) doing---3.(1) include: (vt) 包括--- Disneyland includes four different parks.(2)including: (prep)包括(常引起一个解释性的短语)(---, including him and me)--- Zhalong is the home of a lot of plants and animals, including different kinds of birds.4.enter: (vt)=come\go intoentrance :(n) the entrance to sp; the exit from sp.--- How many entrances does the cinema have?Take photos in front of the fountain at the entrance.5.speed: (n) 速度move at high\ full\ low\ top speed; at the speed of------The car goes\moves at a speed of 50 kilometres per hour.Space shuttles travel at half the speed of light.6.ride: (n) (乘车或骑车的)短途旅行Scream and laugh through the whole ride7.excite:--- excited\ exciting: (adj)---excitedly: (adv)--- excitement: (n)--- Are you excited to see the exciting match?--- He screamed excitedly\ with excitement.8.harm: (n)--- harmful\ harmless: (adj)do harm to---= be harmful to---; do no harm to---= be harmless to---does harm to--- Smoking｛is harmful to your health.is bad for--- Don’t be afraid, the snake is harmless.9.(1) endless: (adj) 无尽的--- The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless.I hate his endless talk.(2) ending: (n) 结尾have happy endings--- People don’t like the plays with sad endings.10.noise: (n)---noisy\ noiseless: (adj)--- noisily: (adv)noisy—noisier—noisiest--- The noisy students are making much noise in the classroom noisily.School is over and the whole school is noiseless.11.hope: (v\n)--- hopeful\ hopeless: (adj)--- hopefully: (adv)hope to do sth.; hope ﹢句子e: (v)--- useful\ useless: (adj)a useful suggestion; a useless dictionary13.clap—clapped—clapping: 鼓掌--- The teacher clapped his hands to make the students quiet.14.(1)experience: 经历(可数)--- He often tells me about his experiences as a young man.This is a happy experience I’ll never forget.(2)experience: 经验(不可数)--- He has much experience of teaching English,(3)experienced: (adj) 有经验的have experience in doing sth.\ of sth.an experienced teacher; be experienced in sth\doing15.mean :(v)--- meaning: (n)--- meaningful\ meaningless: (adj)16.marry: (v)--- marriage: (n) ( celebrate one’s fifteen years of marriage ) marry sb= get married to sb,结婚: get married: (瞬间) \ be married: (延续)--- They got married 2 years ago. It means they have been married for years.17.abroad: (adv) go\ travel\ be abroad18.culture: (n) 文化--- cultural: (adj)文化的The cultural centre of HongKongThe history of culture of China19.tie: (v)—tied—tied—tyingtie---to---: 把---绑在---上; tie a tie (n):系领带; wear a tie:戴领带tie it\ them up; tie one’s shoes20.sail: (v)--- sailing: (n) sailor: 水手去航海: go sailing--- Sailing is my favourite sport.五. 重点短语及句型.(1)汉译英1.带某人出去几天:take sb out for a few days2.参观中国园林:visit Chinese gardens3.向游客们挥手:wave to the visitors4.欣赏美丽的风景:enjoy the beautiful views5.观看游行:see the parades6.把所有的东西带在身边:take everything with sb.7.世界之窗:Window of the World8.给我堂弟买纪念品作为礼物:buy some souvenirs for my cousin9.开始计划这次特殊的法国之旅:start to plan the special trip to France10.忍不住拍了很多照片:can’t stop taking a lot of photos11.在我旅行的第二天:on the second day of my trip12.(人排成的)队伍:the line of people 13.下午晚些时候:later in the afternoon (2)重点词组及句型归纳及用法.1. nice and= very 非常--- My house is nice and large.The air today is nice and clean.2. can’t stop doing sth.= can’t help doing sth.: 忍不住做某事-- I couldn’t stop taking photos with them because they all looked so nice and cute.区别: 1) 迫不及待做某事: can’t wait to do sth.2) 等不及---: can’t wait for sth.3.Where are you going? --- I’m going on a trip to South Hill.4.It must be fun. Can I join you?5.I don’t think it’l l be a holiday for me.6.｛such as: 用来列举同类中的人或物, 后跟名词或名词短语for example: 用来列举整体中的一个例子.---I like many sports, such as running, swimming, playing basketball and so on.Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.7.疑问词﹢do you think ﹢陈述句语序?--- What do you think makes\ made him so sad?When do you think he bought a computer last year?What do you think was the best part of that day?8.seem(好象\似乎): 三种用法(1)seem﹢adj: (系表结构) (2)seem to do sth. (3)It seems (that) ﹢从句--- He seems angry.= He seems to be angry.= It seems (that) he is angry.--- It seems (that) he hasn’t come back yet.9.｛some time: 一段时间sometimes: 有时候sometime: 在某个时候some times: 几次--- I haven’t seen him for some timeHe’ll come to see me some time next time.He has played the computer games some times\ a few times.He sometimes plays the computer games.10.Spring is the best time｛for visiting Chinese gardens.to visit Chinese gardens.11.Do you have many ideas about what to do for May Day holiday?12.I hope to meet him there during this May Day holiday.13.all year round: 一年到头, 终年= the whole year--- We can go to the shopping centres in Shanghai all year round.14.可能有: there may be--- 一定有: there must be------ My watch doesn’t work. There may be something wrong with it.= Maybe\ Perhaps there is something wrong with my watch.--- The light in the classroom is on. There must be someone in it, isn’t there?15.in any season:在任何季节; at any time:在任何时候16.The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the parksinging and dancing all the way.17.The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favourite characters.18.It was really wonderful to have a bir d’s-eye view of Hong Kong.19.Hong Kong is a modern city of all tall buildings with lights shining in the evening.20.The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived.21.The castle looked shiny and beautiful under the fireworks.22.I can check it for you when I talk with your dad.23.It was fun to see so many elephants marching down the street.It’s fun to do sth; sb have\has fun doing24.some day: 将来有一天.25.Some of the souvenirs are in Chinese style.六. 语法: 现在完成时.1.现在完成时表示: 过去已经发生的动作, 行为或情况对现在的影响或造成的结果.时态特征有: just; already; still; recently; yet; ever; never,其中:just; already 用于肯定句yet; ever; never常用于疑问和否定句still; recently 三种句式都可以2.现在完成时: 表示从过去就开始一直延续到现在的行为, 动作和情况.常用的时态特征有: (1)for ﹢时间段; (2)since﹢时间点; (3)so far; (4)by now; (5)until now; (5) in\ during\ over the past\ last ﹢时间段; (6) over ﹢时间段. over the last\past century此类句子中, 谓语要用延续性动词, 不可用短暂性动词.3. ( 短暂性动词) (延续性动词)buy------------------------------ haveborrow\ lend- -- ---------------------- keepcome back\go back \return--------------------be backget to\ reach\ arrive at(in)\ come to\ go to------be inleave----------------------------- be awayleave sp.---------------------- be away from sp.join﹢组织\团体--------------- be in﹢组织\团体; be a member ofbecome---------------------------- bemove to ------------------------ be in\ live inget up ----------------------------- be upgo out ----------------------------- be outcatch a cold ------------------------- have a coldbegin------------------------------ be ondie--------------------------------- be deadget married (to sb)------------------ be married (to sb)get to know ---------------------- knowfall asleep ------------------------ be asleepwake up ---------------------------be awakeopen --------------------------- be openclose -------------------------- be closedbegin\ start to do sth ------------------ do sthhear from sb\ receive (get) a letter from sb-------- have a letter from sbstop\ end------------------------------ be over(注：get to do sth: 能做---)eg: (1) 我是两年前在这个学校学习的.--- I began to study in this school two years ago.= I have studied in this school for two years.｛since two years ago.(2) 这家商店已经开了五年了.--- The shop has been open for five years.= It is five years since the shop opened.= Five years has passed since the shop opened.(3) 判断下列句子的正误.Kitty has left Beijing for two days. ( ×)Kitty left Beijing two days ago. ( √ )Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days. ( √ )Kitty has bought the purse since last year. ( ×)Kitty bought the purse a year ago. ( √ )Kitty has had the purse for a year. ( √ ).归纳: 在现在完成时里, 延续性动词和for, since引导的一段时间连用, 表示过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在的情况;在一般过去时中, 短暂性动词和ago 连用, 表示过去某一时间发生的动作, 与现在没有什么联系.4. 区别: have\ has been to sp 与have\ has gone to sp.(1)have\has been to sp:去某处已回来(曾经去过但现在不在那里)(2)have\has gone to sp:去某处未回来(人可能在去的途中,也可能已经到达)Eg: 1. 我去过北京两次.--- I have been to Beijing twice.2. 你父亲在哪? 他去北京了.--- Where is your father? He has gone to Beijing.3. 你上哪里去了? 我去图书馆的.--- Where have you been? I have been to the library.4. 李平去哪了? 他去了邮局.--- Where has Li Ping gone? He has gone to the post office.5. 我们以前从未去过那里.--- We have never been there before.5. 区别与: have\has been in (at) sp.(1)他去上海一个星期了. He has been in Shanghai for a week.(2)你来这个学校多久了? How long have you been at this school?(3)他来这儿有多长时间了? How long has he been here?6. there be 的现在完成时:There have been ﹢复数; There has been ﹢单数Eg: (1) There has been a shop in front of our school.(2) There have been great changes in Taixing in the last 10 years.7. 归纳重点句型.(1)I’ve been there many times. (2)I hear you’ve been to Tailand.(3)I’ve been here in Hong Kong for two days. (4)Millie has been to South Hill many times.(5)Daniel and Sandy have never been to South Hill.(6)Kitty has gone to Hong Kong with her family.(7)Millie has been away from Beijing for two days.(8)Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.七. Writing.以: My best holiday为题, 写一篇短文.提示: 详细描述旅游地点, 经历和感受.。
