研究生英语阅读Unit12课后答案

1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.A. was distressed（悲痛）B. was distributed（分散，分布）C. was defeated（击败，战胜）D. was diminished（使减少，减小）译文：全国哀悼他们的总统约翰·肯尼迪的逝世。

2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.A. countered（）B. conflicted（冲突，矛盾）C. corresponded（符合，一致）D. contested（争辩，质疑）译文：中央政府在工业计划上与市议会发生冲突。

3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.A. originates（发源，发生）B. suffers（经历，遭受）C. vanishes（小时）D. transmits（传输，发射）译文：老师对学生有一种潜移默化的影响。

4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for theirfavorite movie stars.A. delusion（迷惑；欺骗；错觉）B. passion（激情，热情；酷爱）C. miracle（奇迹；惊人的事）D. inflation（膨胀；夸张；自命不凡）译文：在新闻发布会上，这些疯狂的青少年充分展示了他们对喜爱的电影明星的迷恋。

5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.A. spiritual（精神的；心灵的）B. earthly（尘世的；地球的）C. holy（神圣的）D. secular（世俗的）译文：寺庙、清真寺、教堂和犹太教堂都是神圣的建筑。

第十二课
1、对绝大多数美国人而言，苏格兰人的生活可称得上清贫，其收入大约仅为美国人的一半。

在圣安德鲁斯附近的法夫地区40%的家庭没有汽车，我们也从未遇见过哪个家庭拥有两辆汽车。

那个时候，在这个离冰岛南部不远的地方，中央暖气系统仍是一种奢侈品。

2、我们听到了人们对玛格丽特.撒切尔夫人的抱怨，但却从未听到有人抱怨工资太低或没有
能力购买想要的东西。

虽然钱比美国人挣得少一些，但对生活的满足、对人的热情、朋友相聚的愉悦却一点儿都不比美国人少。

3、如此看来，财富好比健康：虽然赤贫会导致悲惨，但有钱并不能保证幸福。

幸福，与其
说是得到我们想要的东西，不如说是想要我们拥有的东西。

4、今天25岁的年轻人会比75岁的祖父母更多地回想起生活中那段消沉、绝望的日子，尽
管祖父母曾在更长的岁月中经受过各种各样的痛苦，从腿部骨折到经济萧条所带来的极度痛苦。

5、从来没有哪个文化曾经经历过物质的舒适与精神的悲苦如此交织在一起的情景。

我们也
从来未感到像现在这样自由，然而我们的监狱却从未像现在这样人满为患，我们对快乐的理解也从来未像现在这样精深，然而我们却更有可能承受着破裂的人际关系所带来的痛苦。

Unit 11. permanent2. had assembled3. discharging4. meekly5. apprentice6. partiality7. obscure8.exalted9.intruding 10. cordially11. ambition 12. gallantly1. transient2. faded out3. blew up4. ruthless5. trivial6. in a twinkling7. under way8. tranquil9. gorgeous 10. for the time being11. conspicuous 12. exalted1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3.Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.A l. A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5. B 6.C 7. C 8. CB l.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. BUnit 2i1. advocated 2. extravagant 3. vulnerable4. guru5. potential6. dispel7. shunned8. acclaimed9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 11. attendant 12. venturedii.1. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obsolete4. disproved5. foster6. ludicrous7. apparent8. avert9. displaced patriots 11.endeavors 12. hailedIV. Translation1. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.5.Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. Reading:cdabcaUnit 4i 1.Physical 2.accumulation 3.diversity4.precipitated5.muscular6.pathological7.symptomatic8.vigorous9.psychologically10.Anxiety11.restored 12.refreshedii1.manifestations 2.resume 3.precipitate4.consequence5.diverse6.a skimpy7.taxing8.prolong9.overlooked10.vigor 11.enhanced 12.relapse1. I find that walking along the quiet lake in the evening can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but sleep and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation.Unit 5i1.uniform2.distinguish/recognize3.ascer tained4.recognized5.unique6.outlet7.tactile8.rigid9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundationii1.determined 2.cumulative 3.innate4.warped5.train6.underlie7.zest8.imposed9.precept10.a marked 11.forbidding 12. consistencySupplementary ReadingsA 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.CB 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B9.B 10.A1.It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2.Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where sheis also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.3.It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.4.This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.5.Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.6.Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.Unit 6i.1. as a matter of fact 2. are plagued3.versus4. have been reflecting on5. positive6. is implementing7. will enroll8. has been enriched9. aspiration10. academic 11. well-informed12. commitment toii. 1. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. reflected 6. otherwise7. aspirations8. rated 9. strenthened 10.has been decliningKey to Supplementary ReadingsA 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B7.A 8.DB 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T10.T1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2.The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.3.Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money.4.The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5.An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.6.Mary’s pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she’s certain to get a university place this year.Unit 7i1.downsized 2.dynamic 3.yield4.hadguaranteed5.inflict6.budget7.priority8.accelerating9.shirk10.vitally 11.jaopardize 12.criteriaii 1.aggregate 2.excessive 3.scrutiny 4.reap 5.opined 6.casualties 7.inception 8.prosperity 9.paradox10.tangible 11.life expectancy 12.vistasKey to Supplementary ReadingA 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D6.BB 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T6.T1.Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2.The government officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short-term projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.3.The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, as a result of which there was a serious talent drain.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof. If any of you would like to make a contribution, we shall be most grateful.5.The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments, in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.6.The speech that the chairman delivered at the conference made much sense to regain the employees’confidence.Unit 8i 1. acid 2. shaded 3. knock-on 4. Drain 5. banks 6. spacing 7. band 8. needles9.filter10. altitudes 11. variables 12. organismIi 1.assessment 2. variations 3. likely 4.Formally 5.subsequent 6.felled 7.virtually 8.numerous 9.stable 10.fertile 11.that decade 12.counterpartKey to Supplementary ReadingA 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D7.A 8.AB 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D7.D 8.B1.Mexico City is one of the most populated cities in the world.2.The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.3.I either left my credit card at home or in the car – I can’t remember which.4.We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they’re decided to remain silent.5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the price levers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.6.It is assumed that in the next 20 years, the most surprising development will take place in the space flight. Now space shuttles are being developed and they can be used many times instead of only once.Unit 9II. Vocabulary Studyi1.applied2.repentance 3.penetrated 4.monkey-like 5.contrast 6.impressed 7.passionate 8.awakened9.succeeded10.blossoms 11.expectant 12.oppotunityii 1.tussle 2.gushed 3.quivering 4.lingered 5.attempts 6.grope 7.fragrance 8.persisted in 9.flushed 10.vaguely 11.confounded 12.approaching1.On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the EntranceExamination, my heart was filled with wonder. I wondered what the future held for me, of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.2.The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her, crying for more candies and drinks. But the mother persisted that they had bought enough.3.His wife was sent into the operating room. He walked to and fro in the corridor, smoking one cigarette after another. When he saw the door opened, he felt a thrill of tenseness.4.Under the gaze of his colleagues, He flushed with embarrassment and bowed his head. He casually took up a newspaper and hid his face behind it, pretending to be reading it.5.They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand. They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart, they would succeed in these experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left her. In despair, she shut herself and the infant in a room, claiming that they would perish together. Thank to the policemen who came in time, the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath.Unit 12Vocabulary Study:1.proactive2.disseminate3.incentive4.leverage5.facilitate6.precedent7.demonstratedpensation9.justify 10.implement 11.initiative 12.preventive Key to Supplementary Readings DACCBTranslation:1.Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages,files,data and images.2.The only way to differentiate yourself form the competition is through service.3.The less there is to justify atraditional custom,the harder it is to get rid of it.4.In high school,students should build on their prior knowledge,learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.5.You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.6.A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’sworle. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individoual.Unit 14i 1. recognized 2. credited 3. features 4. expertise5. considerable6. supervision7. flaw8. recruit9. twist 10. strain 11. devastate12. budgeti i 1. let alone 2. spot 3. are supposed to 4. came to light5. looking into6. pass on7. replaced with8. call on9. Odd 10. appalling 11. submitted 12. AcuteKey to Supplementary ReadingsA 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C6.D7.D8.CB 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F6.T7.T8.F1.All the employees in the company are confident that before too long we will make a wise decision on this.2.Twenty years ago, because of his unemployment, he couldn’t afford to buy a bicycle, let alone a car.3.Despite the fact there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy, the search party still went on looking.4.Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this reward on his behalf.5.Currently, the individuals who might have caused the accident are under investigation.6. It was suggested that as the largest non-public high-tech industry in China, they should devote themselves to the development of their own products instead of simply assembling for foreign companies.。

Unit 12Film and DramaLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.Have a general knowledge about film and drama;2.know about the well-known figures in films such as Charlie Chaplin, Tomhanks, etc:3.talk about their favorite film genre;4.master the words and expressions concerning film and drama.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions: Below are three famous film stars and their works of art. Match the film stars and their films.1.Charlie Chaplin2. Vivien Leigh3. Tom HanksA.Forrest GumpB. Modern TimesC. Gone with the WindB Directions: The following are the posters of three famous plays. Read theintroductions and fill in the missing information with the words given in the chart.A B CFrench American British a dventure fantasy musical1. The Harry Potter film series is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by the British author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone(2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). It is the highest-grossing film series of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Each film is in the list of fifty highest-grossing films of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars and is a critical success.2. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. It is considered by many to be the most successful musical of all time and is also the longest running show in Broadway history.3. Ice Age is a 2002 American computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film created by Blue Sky Studios and released by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and Chris Wedge from a story by Michael J. Wilson. The film was nominated at the 75th Academy Awards for best animated feature. The film was met with mostly positive reviews and was a box office success, starting a series with three sequels, Ice Age: The Meltdown, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, and Ice Age: Continental Drift.Useful Words and Expressionsmotion picture 电影trailer 预告片visual effect 视觉效果film studio 电影制片厂dubbing 配音subtitles 字幕Broadway 百老汇props 道具medium 媒体protagonist 主角costumes 戏装antagonist 反面主角score 配乐tragic hero 悲剧英雄a reel of film 一卷胶片chorus 合唱团film adaptation 电影改编(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场（剧）scenario 剧本climax 戏剧高潮soundtrack 电影原声音乐musical 音乐剧box office 票房playwright 剧作家premier 电影首映式stuntman 特技演员blockbuster 商业大片stand-in 替身talent scout 星探sorcerer 巫师Part II Listening1. BFM International Film FestivalDirections:L isten to a dialogue between Yvonne and William and then answer the following questions.1) What does the BFM Festival stand for?I t’s the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival.2) What is the meaning of “stereotype” according to William?It means a very strong, fixed idea about how people will behave.3) What is the purpose of the BFM Festival?It is to showcase the stories of groups and communities which otherwise would go unnoticed.4) How long is the shortest film ever made?One second.Tapescript:Yvonne: Hello, I’m Yvonne Archer - and thanks to William Kremer for joining me today.William: Hello – it's a pleasure!Yvonne: For fifty-two years, the Times BFI - British Film Institute’s London Film Festival has shown the best new films from around the world. And for thefirst time, the BFM International Film Festival has also been based at the BFI.William, do you know about the BFM Festival?William: Umm – I know that it's the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival. Yvonne: That's right and to celebrate its tenth anniversary, the emphasis of the 2008 BFM has been on films made by Black people - who are based here inBritain. Well, I was lucky enough to get an invitation to the BFM ShortsAwards - but before we find out which short film won the award and aboutthe idea behind this festival –I've a question for you. Yes, are you readyWilliam?William: Yes.Yvonne: How long is the shortest film that was ever made? Was ita) one secondb) one minute ORc) five minutesWilliam: I’m gonna go for a) – one second because even though that sounds too short, sounds very silly, I think the silly answers are usually correct. That's mytactic so I'm gonna go for one second.Yvonne: And we’ll find out whether William was right or wrong later on. Now in today’s interview we’ll come across the word ‘stereotyped’. William, whatdoes it mean?William: Well if someone is ‘stereotyped’, other people who don't know them have a very strong, fixed idea about how they will behave. They’re ‘stereotyped’perhaps because of the country they come from, or (from) the colour of theirskin or their religion, for example.Yvonne: And what are ‘platforms for expression’?William: ‘Platforms for expression’ in this case, refers to ways and places that artistic people can use to share their work and messages. So for example, a cinemascreen or a novel are ‘platforms for expression’.Yvonne: Great! Now as we hear from Nadia Denton, the Director of the BFM International Film Festival, try to catch the verb she uses to mean ‘highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’. I asked Nadia: why is there a separate section forBlack film makers within the London Film Festival each year?NADIA DENTONBecause it’s important for us to showcase the stories of groups andcommunities which otherwise would go unnoticed, which don't get thecorrect representation in the mainstream, who perhaps are stereotyped, whoperhaps don't have many other platforms for expression.Yvonne: William, which verb did Nadia use to mean ‘to highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’?William: ‘To showcase’– Nadia explained that it's important ‘to showcase’ the stories of communities and groups which we don't usually see or hear.Yvonne: So the BFM Festival is a chance for people who are often stereotyped and not considered or noticed by mainstream cinema to have their work seen.Now at the BFM Shorts Awards, we saw five new films and voted for thebest one. And the winner was “Win, Lose or Draw”directed by LawrenceCoke. It was a wonderful blend of story-telling and interviews withCaribbean people who’d arrived in Britain from the 1950s, like my ownfather. And after the awards, Lawrence explained just how important makingthe film had been to him...LAWRENCE COKEThe whole thing was a very cathartic experience on one level because, Ialways say that the young people of today don't understand that they'restanding on the shoulders of giants.Yvonne: Making “Win, Lose or Draw” was very cathartic for Lawrence – it allowed him to express some really deep emotions. But it was cathartic for many ofus in the audience too – and educational.William: And hopefully lots of young people will see the film because Lawrence sees it as a way to help them understand that they and their parents are animportant part of Britain's history.Yvonne: Yes – and Lawrence describes our grandparents and parents as 'giants'. Their lives were really difficult but they still tried to help England and make thingseasy for us and their families back in the Caribbean.LAWRENCE COKEThey were children themselves and they came over to help the mothercountry because they felt it was the right thing to do –leaving childrenbehind, wives, and… I just…I'm in awe of that.William: Yes, they were an awesome- amazing group of young people.Yvonne: They certainly were. My father travelled to England – at the time, known by Caribbean people as 'the mother country' – and he came here at the age oftwenty-one. And like many others from the Caribbean, my father simplywanted to work hard and earn money. He wanted his parents to have whatthey needed and he especially wanted his younger brothers and sisters to goto school.William: So education was really important to them.Yvonne: Definitely because most of them left school and started work when they were fourteen years old. But now, it's time for you to educate us, William! William: Surely not!Yvonne: Yes! What was your answer to today's question: how long is the shortest film that was ever made?William: I went for the silly one which was one second.Yvonne: And you were correct to be silly because you were absolutely right!2. "The Back-Up Plan"A Directions：In this section you will hear a news report about the 2010 film TheBack-Up Plan. Listen and answer the following questions.1)What does a “back-up plan” mean for Zoe?It means to become a single mother with the help of modern science.2)Why did Jennifer Lopez say that “We used a lot of the stuff from real life”?Because she gave birth to twins a couple of years ago.3) According to the director Alan Poul, what was his challenge in making this movie? His challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following descriptions are true for Zoe or Stan. Write Z for Zoe, S for Stan and N for Neither if the description describes neither of them.1) Z running a pet store 2) Z having an extended family3) S a dairy farmer 4) N scared by the coming parenthood5) N giving birth to twins 6) Z having insatiable hunger7) S strong and muscular 8) N a single parentTapescript:New Yorker Zoe is successful in business running her thriving pet store. She also has good friends and a loving extended family; but she has not had the best of luck in the romance department and, with her biological clock ticking away, she has decided the "right guy" may never show up. So "The Back-Up Plan" is to become a single mother with the help of modern science. Naturally, the very day she undergoes the in-vitro fertilization procedure, she meets the "right guy."His name is Stan and he, too, is a successful entrepreneur: a farmer who makes cheese that he sells at farmer's markets around New York. At about the same time she realizes she is pregnant with twins, Zoe also figures out that she's falling in love with Stan. Will he be scared away by the impending parenthood if she tells him? How long can she keep it a secret, anyway?Jennifer Lopez gave birth to twins a couple of years ago and drew on her own experiences to play Zoe."So many of the things in this movie were art imitating life for me," she said. "Because I had just gone through the pregnancy it was really fresh in my mind. We used a lot of the stuff from real life."That insight into the funnier side of pregnancy includes the sudden and insatiable hunger that, in the film, strikes Zoe when she spies a pot of stew bubbling on the stove in Stan's kitchen. With no utensils in sight, she resorts to scooping it up (and scarfing it down) directly from the pot with hunks of bread."You feel so hungry, it's crazy; and you feel so sleepy in a way that you never have before," Lopez said. "Because I had just gone through it, I knew how that was going to ring true for so many women."The pregnancy humor may be drawn from real life, but the romantic storyline is pure Hollywood. For instance, Stan is shirtless and ripples with muscles as he tends the goats on his dairy farm. As the love interest, Alex O'Loughlin joins a growing legion of hunky stars from Australia making it big on American screens."Look, I don't know mate … maybe it's something in the water back home; but I did get kind of fit for the film because every cheese farmer is ripped and buff … and I wanted to be true to character because I'm [a] 'method' [actor]," he said."The Back-Up Plan" marks the feature film directing debut of Alan Poul, an award -winning television producer and director on shows including "Six Feet Under," "Rome" and "Big Love." Poul says his challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre."Because it is a romantic comedy and you know how it is going to end up, so on a certain level the story has to be predictable because you know they are going to end up together," he said. "So it is within that general framework of a romantic comedy that is going to end happily, we create the little moments that catch people by surprise."3. Drive-in Theaters in USAand answer the following questions.1) When did the first drive-in theater open in USA?On June 6, 1933.2) Why did the teenagers like drive-in theaters at that time?They adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile3) What kept people home despite the attraction of drive-in theaters?The advent of color television and video rentals.Directions: Listen to the passage again and try to summarize the whole report in no more than 5 sentences.The first drive-in movie theater was opened On June 6, 1933 I new York. By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. people could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone and teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile. The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well. It brings people a nostalgic feeling.TapescriptNext Monday would mark a nostalgic anniversary. On June 6, 1933, the world’s first drive-in movie theater opened in Camden, New Jersey.By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. Only a couple hundred survive.At the drive-in - or what some of us called “the drive-in picture show” to distinguish it from drive-in restaurants - instead of wedging yourself into a theater seat next to talkative strangers, crying babies and large people blocking your view, you watched a movie on a huge screen from the comfort of your car, side by side with dozens of other autos in a sprawling parking lot.You could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone. Teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile, to the point that some media referred to drive-ins as “passion pits.”The movies themselves mostly ranged from family fare to second-rate monster science-fiction, and action thrillers. The sound that squawked out of the little speaker that you attached to your car window was tinny at best.But the concession stand at the “Starlite” or “Hi-Way” or “Sunset” Drive-In did offer a full and fattening menu of fried food, popcorn and sodas. A lot of people smuggled in stronger drinks as well, and it wasn’t unheard of to sneak in a person or two in the trunk, to avoid paying for more tickets.The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance, since dusk came late on balmy summer nights and the movie couldn’t start until 9 p.m. or later. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well.When some drive-in owners sought to boost revenue by showing risquémovies, neighbors, parents and police drove them out of business. Other owners sold out to housing and shopping-center developers.Many U.S. cities have tried to recapture the nostalgic feeling of outdoor movies by showing films in parks and pedestrian malls. But patrons sit on blankets, not in their ’54 Chevys.And no one’s writing tunes like the Beach Boys’ "Drive-In" song, which goes, in part: Every time I have a date there's only one place to goThat's to the drive-inIt's such a groovy place to talk and maybe watch a show4. Award-Winning Film Explores Meaning of LifeA Directions: You will hear a report about an award-winning movie. While listeningto it for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following statementsare true or false.1) The filmmaker of The Tree of Life, the award-winning film at Cannes, is a formerprofessor of history. ( F ) 2) The father in the movie was proud and oppressive since he has not succeeded in theworld. ( T )3) Jack, the boy in the family, admires his father and loves him. ( F )4) The mother in the film, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies many virtues likegrace, kindness, and altruism. ( T ) 5) In searching the meaning of life, this movie is like all the other movies TerrenceMalick made before. ( F ) Tapescript:The Tree of Life is about the quest to find balance between one's spiritual self and human nature.Filmmaker Terrence Malick, a former professor of philosophy, presents this innate struggle through characters in a suburban American household of the 1950s. The father is proud and oppressive. He struggles inwardly because he has not succeeded in the world. Because of his feelings of inadequacy, he tries to mold his sons to his ideal.Jack is still a boy, but he carries the world on his shoulders. He admires his father but also resents him.For Terrence Malick, the struggle between father and son reflects both the cruelty and beauty of nature. In a twenty minute sequence, the director offers shots of the universe at work, an awesome struggle among natural forces.But there is also grace, kindness and altruism. The mother in the story, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies them.The boy grows up to be a successful, but also conflicted man played by Sean Penn. He struggles as he deals with the loss of his younger brother and the loss of innocence.Brad Pitt's performance is a tour de force. At the Cannes Film Festival, he spoke of the film's spiritual message."And then there is the bigger questions of the impermanence of life that I think we all go through," said Pitt. "I grew up being told that God's going to take care of everything and it doesn't always work out that way, and when it doesn't work out that way then we're told it's God's will. "Religion aside, the film is a treatise on the meaning of life. Its extraordinary visuals, minimal dialogue and meditative music have a subliminal impact on the viewer and allow the audience to search and come to its own conclusion.Some critics have spoken against the film's drawn-out sequences on the evolution of the universe. But Tree of Life won the Palme D'Or at Cannes for good reason. It offers daring cinematography and an excellent cast. And although it carries Terrence Malick's signature, it's unlike anything we've seen before.Part III WatchingDirection: The extract is taken from the 1997 movie Titanic. Watch the video clip and answer the questions.1) Why did Mr. Andrews refuse to make a try to leave the sinking Titanic?Because he felt sorry for he didn’t build a stronger ship.2) Why did Mr. Guggenheim refuse to take the life jacket?Because he was determined to go down as gentlemen clothed in full dress.3) What can you say about the orchestra who played music while others passengers struggled for their lives?The orchestra members played music, intending to calm the passengers, for as long as they possibly could until all went down with the ship. They should be memorized for their heroism.Videoscript—Wait, wait, wait. Mr. Andrews...—Rose.—Won't you even make a try for it?—I’m sorry that l didn't build you a stronger ship, young Rose.—Lt’s going fast. We have to move.—Wait. Good luck to you, Rose.—And to you.—Mr. Guggenheim...These are for you, Mr. Guggenheim.—No, thank you. We are dressed in our best and are prepared to go down as gentlemen. But we would like a brandy.—Capitan. Capitan, where should l go? Please...—(Crewman) Captain!—Captain... Sir.(Orchestra still playing)—Right... That's it, then.—Goodbye, Wally. Good luck.—So long, old chap.(Starts playing “Nearer My God to Thee”)—And so they lived happily together for 300 years in the land of Tir Na Nog. Land of eternal youth and beauty.—There's no t ime! Cut those falls! Cut ’em! Cut ’em if you have to!—I need a knife! I need a knife!—Cut her loose!—Cut those bloody falls!—Gentlemen, it has been a privilege playing with you tonight.Part IV Oral PracticePair workDirections: What kind of movie would you expect to watch in your spare time? What do you want to get from watching such a movie? Work with your partner to talk about your favorite type of movie and offer some examples to illustrate your point. You may follow the dialogue given below or you may just make your own dialogue.Film GenresAction adventure comedy crime historical documentary horror thriller musical sci-fiWar western romance disaster sportsA: Did you watch Saw last night? It was just awesome! I couldn’t help walking into the cinema when I first saw its poster.B: You mean you like that trash? I hate thrillers. They make my hair stand on end all the time. I like romantic movies, especially those with beautiful girls and handsome boys.A: Romances are just silly. I can’t stand those stock love stories…Enrichment readingHollywoodIf a single place-name encapsulates theLA dream of glamour, money andovernight success, it's Hollywood.Millions of tourists arrive on pilgrimages;millions more flock here in pursuit ofriches and glory. Hollywood is a weirdcombination of insatiable optimism andtotal despair. It really does blur the edgesof fact and fiction, simply because somuch seems possible - and yet so little, for most people, actually is. Those who do strike it rich here get out as soon as they can, just as they always have; the big film companies, too, long ago relocated well away, leaving Hollywood in isolation, with prostitution, drug dealing and seedy bookstores as the reality behind the fantasy.The myths, magic, fable and fantasy splattered throughout the few short blocks of Central Hollywood would put a medieval fairytale to shame. A rich sense of nostalgia pervades the area, giving it an appeal no measure of tourists or souvenir postcard stands can diminish. Although you're much more likely to find a porno theater than spot a real star, the decline which blighted Hollywood from the early 1960s is fast receding. Nevertheless the place still gets hairy after dark, withadolescents cruising Hollywood Boulevard in customized cars and occasional petty criminals on the prowl for the odd pocketbook.The natural place to begin exploring Hollywood Boulevard is the junction of Hollywood and Vine - the classic location for budding stars to be “spotted” by big-shot directors and whisked off to fame and fortune. At 6608 Hollywood Blvd., the purple and pink Frederick's of Hollywood has been (under-) clothing Hollywood's sex goddesses since 1947, as well as mortal bodies all over the world via mail order. Inside, the lingerie museum (free) displays some of the company's best corsets, bras and panties, donated by happy big-name wearers ranging from Lana Turner to Cher.A little further on, the Egyptian Theater at No. 6708 was financed by impresario Sid Grauman, in a modest attempt to re-create the Temple of Thebes. The very first Hollywood premiere (Robin Hood) took place here in 1922. Now owned by the city, Grauman's Thebes is currently closed for renovations as part of a three-year plan to restore the fake mummies and hieroglyphics of this temple of cinema to their former glory and remake the theater into a center for film study. No Hollywood visitor will want to miss the mundane yet magical foot and hand prints in the concrete concourse of the 1927 Chinese Theatre at 6925 Hollywood Blvd. Actress Norma Talmadge (supposedly by accident) trod in wet cement while visiting the construction site, and the practice has continued ever since, starting with Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks Sr., at the opening of King of Kings, and recently involving stars such as Al Pacino. Through the halcyon decades, this was the spot for movie first-nights. As for the building, it's an odd western version of a classical Chinese temple, replete with dodgy Chinese motifs and upturned dragon tail flanks.The Roosevelt Hotel opposite was movieland's first luxury hotel, its Cinegrill restaurant hosting the likes of W. C. Fields and F. Scott Fitzgerald, not to mention hangers-on like Ronald Reagan. In 1929 the first Oscars were presented here, beginning the long tradition of Hollywood rewarding itself in the absence of honors from elsewhere.。

Key to Comprehension1.The author means that the believers of the old idea and the believers of the new idea are the same in essence (i.e., both want to stop trade with the developing countries) but different in argument(i.e., the former set forth the argument that the trade with the poor countries would deepen these countries' poverty while the latter brings forward the argument that trade with the poor countries will impoverish today's rich countries).2.Because the focus in the past was on what would help poor countries. Now it is on how it will effect rich countries. If the rich become more protective, the poor countries will suffer even more.Because he believes that supporters of the new idea can easily persuade the rich countries to accept the idea that only by breaking up the links with the third world countries can they protect their own interests.3.a. Nearly all countries in the world are richer than before.b. Growth provides mutual economic development for both rich and poor countries.c. International economic interaction has not been the cause of low living standardsin some poor countries.4.A5.To illustrate the adaptive power of market economy, the author gives examples that people can get jobs in newly-established industries and better their living standards. This happened when farm employment in the industrial countries almost disappeared and even now when manufacturing employment in America remains at only 15% of the labor force.6.As a consequence of the intense competition in the third world countries, people in the developed countries will get lower wages and may not even find jobs. This will lead to great social distress as American society no longer has strong family and religious ties to help withstand the strains.7.By saying "in other respects", the author means in the respects of natural resources and human resources.8.a. Make more investments and increase their efficiency.b. Expand markets for exports and reap new economies of scale.c. Enjoy higher real incomes and higher living standards.9.Lower-skilled workers in rich countries who get lower wages and who have lost their jobs.10.Because the author wants to show that those who argue against the trade with poorcountries are illogical. He holds the opinion that the economic integration, like new technology, shouldn't be resisted because it brings more benefits than costs.ernments can protect the losers by providing a welfare system that pays a subsistence income to the unemployed, helping workers acquire the skills they need to change jobs, expanding programs of adult education, establishing more employment agencies, giving more money and help to those who need to move to find work and providing explicit subsidies for some low-wage employment.12.To qualify the wrong idea some economists have, the author uses such words as "worry", "fear", "scare", "prejudice", "error", "fallacy", etc. The author calls these economists "alarmists".13.The author writes this essay with the purpose of refuting the wrong ideas of some economists and arguing for the economic interaction between rich and poor countries.14.These are two ideas that argue against economic interaction between poor and rich countries. The author believes both are fallacious. He states that "the economic benefits to the North from faster growth in the third world seen certain to outweigh the costs," and "the gains to the world's poor countries and the global benefit are immense." Though there appear some "losers" in rich countries, the governments there shouldn't deny the benefits to the whole population. Instead, they can take effective measures to protect the losers and promote economic integration. Only by doing so can they protect their own interests and help poor countries get rid of poverty.Key to Vocabulary and StructureA.1. hysterical2. conviction3. obsolete4. suffice5. distress6. outweigh7. oversight 8. misery9. innovation 10. explicitB.1. a. jeopardy b. jeopardized2. a. prohibiting b. prohibition3. a. subsidized b. subsidies4. a. adaptability b. adapt5. a. impoverishment b. impoverished6. a. innovative b. innovators7. a. affirmations b. affirmative8. a. integrated b. integration9. a. subsistence b. subsistence10. a. plausible b. plausiblyC.1. go round2. part and parcel of3. in excess of4. at the expense of5. at a disadvantage6. given way to7. rests on 8. at length9. gain ground 10. in aggregateD.1. was originated--originated2. them--it3. sustaining--sustained4. steady--steadily5. freely--free6. on--in7. With--Without 8. made--make9. qualified--quality 10. if--unlessE.1. industrialized2. dependent3. core4. providing5. claim6. simultaneously7. financed 8. poorer9. last 10. relationship11. exploit 12. essence13. maintain 14. theorists15. primarilyKey to the translation from English to ChineseA.尽管在学科目标和所达到的理论发展水平之间存在着差异，但理论在经济、地理和经济地理领域里起着相同的作用。

Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。

Unit 12You cannot burn the candle at both ends.P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people‟s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospects of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people‟s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people‟s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.[B] Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.[C] The industrial age may now be coming to an end.[D] Efforts and resources should be devoted to helping people to take other forms of work.2. According to the author, what should we do to cope with high unemployment?[A] Create situation in which people work for themselves.[B] Continue to treat employment as the norm.[C] Endeavor to revive the factory and the office as centers of production.[D] Encourage people to work in normal working conditions.3. The word “daunting”(Line 3,Para. 3) most probably means[A] shocking. [B] interesting.[C] confusing. [D] stimulating.4. Which of the followings is a factor contributing to the spread of employment?[A] The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.[B] The development of work patterns.[C] Relief from housework on the part of women.[D] The development of economic freedom.5. What can be inferred from the text?[A] Most people polled believe that we should pay attention to the high unemployment.[B] Many farmers lost their land when new facilities were being constructed.[C] In pre-industrial societies, housework was mainly carried out by women.[D] Some of the changes in work pattern have been reversed.Text 2Getting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1997 meant a few trips to the mall and the stationery aisle and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many parents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher‟s e-mail address, the school‟s website and which night online homework-help chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one where the majority of parents really feel the Internet‟s influence on their children‟s education at the everyday level,”says Jonathan Carson, chairman and CEO of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendars and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired,”says Carson. “A majority of parents now have acces s and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class trip to Europe, through their home computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Harry Ash, father of16-year-old traveler Brian, found it reassuring to see his son‟s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had checked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it‟s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parent and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca‟s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better.” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to be less involved.”Ithaca high school physics teacher Stever Wirt gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from moms and dads he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using software called Blackboard CourseInfo, Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted—and in fact dependent upon their schools‟ technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have been there,” says Carson. “And now parents are finding it‟s tough to get by without it”6.Many parents now remember the teacher‟s e-mail address and the school‟s website because[A] by doing so they needn‟t go to the store to buy stationery for their children.[B] they can get the information of their children‟s school and the teachers.[C] the e-mail and the website can help them find out what their children do.[D] they can observe how the Internet affect their children‟s education every day.7.The sentence “A majority of…”(Line4, Para. 2) means that[A] the schools and parents are connected by the Internet so that teachers will leave school.[B] parents can find out what happens with their children in school by visiting Internet and so will the teachers.[C] parents and educators may discover that schools are strange by using computers.[D] parents now can teach their children and the teachers are to go.8.According to the text, what will be changed most?[A] The relationship between teachers and schools.[B] The connection between students and schools.[C] The relationship between parents and schools.[D] The association between websites and schools.9. The example of Ithaca high school is used to show[A] how important the school website is for parents to be involved in education.[B] that the school online can reassure the parents about what their children do.[C] how the parents of the students get to be part of a class trip to Europe.[D] it is more likely for parents to send teachers e-mails than to phone them.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Get Ready to Go to School.[B] Spread School Online Technology.[C] Start School with a Click.[D] Become School Webmaster.Text 3The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The hosts of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.11. We may simply define science as[A] the study of unrelated subjects.[B] an attempt to explain natural phenomena.[C] the study of related fields.[D] labelled knowledge.12. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach[A] applied science.[B] agriculture science.[C] pure science.[D] environmental science.13. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope,[A] may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results.[B] necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell.[C] is not always as pure as we suppose.[D] necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell.14. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.[B] Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.[C] In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.[D] Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Nature of Science and Scientists[B] Biology and the Science and Scientist[C] Hypotheses and Theories[D] On Distinguishing Fact from FictionText 4The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in English-Canadian universities. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist‟s intellectual preparation for his or her career.But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Polities or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only from a well-grounded understandingof the legal system.16. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by .[A] making a few comments. [B] illustrating his opinion.[C] explaining a phenomenon. [D] making several contrast.17. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] law education is intended primarily for journalists.[B] journalists will comment on the news from the perspective of justice.[C] journalists have more opportunities to reflect on democracy and freedom.[D] the study of law will encourage journalists to concentrate on the facts.18. According to the text, sound journalistic judgment[A] represents good production in courts of law.[B] depends exclusively on evidence and fact.[C] feeds off a profound understanding of law.[D] constitutes an essential part of a professional‟s career19. According to the author, which of the following is the least desirable to a journalist?[A] the study of law. [B] the conventions of the news media.[C] the way the state works. [D] the lawyer‟s interpretations of law.20.The text intends to tell us[A] the importance of legal learning to journalists.[B] the establishment of legal education in Canadian universities.[C] the aims and methods of law education[D] t he components of a journalist‟s intellectual preparationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 21-25,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list [A]—[G] to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes.[A] The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of another mistaken expectation.“He was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,”said his U.S.manager. “But in our company, we‟re all expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. He‟s made the adjustment now, but he‟d be humiliated if I told you his name, that‟s another cultural difference.”[B] Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, butwere ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management.“Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they‟re finally looking at culture”, says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. “Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don‟t think …yes‟means …yes‟,”advise U. S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of firms and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social “dos”and “don‟ts”is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.[C] For example, the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling hisJapanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers received higher salary than others, there were complaints. “You told us you‟d be fair, and you lied to us,” accused one salesman. “It took me a year and a half”, s ighed the American, “to realize that …fair‟, to my staff, meant being treated equally.”[D] In this increasingly global business world, many corporations are finding the subject of“managing cultural differences”, an area of priority for their diverse expa triate staff. A U.S.executive tells his staff he‟s going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. [E] That‟s why Intel, with the help of consultant Clarke, began an intercultural training programthis spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time, now lost in making sure that the Americans and the Japanese understand each other.[F] The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion couldn‟t bring himself to usethe more direct language needed to communicate with his Boston-based superiors. “I used to think all this talk about cu ltural communication was a log of baloney,” says Eugene J. Flash, president of Intel Japan Ltd., a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. “Now, I can see it‟s a real problem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our ho me office.”[G] If you work in a global corporation with a wide reach, you have colleagues with extraordinarytalents. And the success of Shell is the ability to have these people work in teams to help each other bridge the various “cultural gaps”. These g aps could be language, ethnic or gender based.The fundamental need is to be able to find a common ground on which progress can be launched. And the most important knowledge here is “tactic”—to have the ability to recognize what is relevant and to be able to deliver it effectively for positive results.Order:D →21. →22. →23. →24. →25. →GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. 26)You either have science or you don‟t and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. 27)It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. 28)It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignoredthe problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. 29)It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can‟t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. 30)To be sure, there may well be questions we can‟t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.做题点拨与全文翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.poll n.民意调查；选举投票2.norm n.标准，规范3.revive v.使复苏；恢复精力4.daunting a.恐怖的5.enclosure n.圈地；附件6.deprive vt.剥夺，使丧失mute v.每天往返上班；定期往返于两地间n.上下班交通8.assume v.假定；设想9.switch vt.转换，转变n.开关难句突破1.Employment became widespread [when the enclosures (of the 17th and 18th centuries) made many people dependent on paid work [by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves]].【分析】复合句。

Unit 2Vocabulary Study：1.advocated2.extravagant3.vulnerable4.guru5.potential6.dispel7.shunned8.acclaimed9.enthusiasts 10.stave off 11.attendant 12 eventuredCLOZE: CBDAD CDBAC BBCCD ABCAC.Translation:1.有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。

Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat several of inequality.2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但它却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。

Although, the internet can undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means caused by the failure of different people to understand each other adequately.3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。

The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online genuinely replaces real-world activities.4.穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是心为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。