(04-12)华中师范大学语言学_真题

华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题目录华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题 (1)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题 (1)华中师范大学2004年语言学真题 (2)华中师范大学2004年研究生入学考试试题 (4)华中师范大学2005年语言学真题 (5)华中师范大学2005年研究生入学考试试题 (7)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (8)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (10)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (11)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (12)华中师范大学2008年研究生入学考试试题 (14)华中师范大学2009年研究生入学考试试题 (17)华中师范大学2010年研究生入学考试试题 (19)华中师范大学2011年研究生入学考试试题 (22)2012年华中师范大学文学院大综合真题试卷 (24)2013年华中师范大学考研真题 (27)2014年考研华中师范大学文学院真题 (28)2014年考研华中师范大学语言所真题 (30)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题一、填空（30分）1、语言主要属性包括---------性、---------性、---------性和---------性。

2、语言学的研究可以分为三类：---------、---------和---------。

3、非音质音位是以---------、---------、---------为语音形式的音位。

4、“语用学”这一术语是由美国哲学家---------提出来的；语言行为理论是由英国哲学家---------提出来的；合作原则是由美国哲学家---------提出来的。

5、语言发展的原因可以从---------、---------和---------三个方面来考察。

6、本世纪30年代，在欧洲的丹麦形成了以---------为代表的学派。

他们试图建立一门新型的语言学：---------。

7、语汇系统包括三种不同层级的语汇单位：---------、---------和---------。

华中师范大学大一汉语言文学专业试卷一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1.下列句中，加着重号的词意义解释正确的一句是（）A.小人懷璧，不可以越．鄉。

（越：超越）B.大道之行也，天下為公，選賢與．能，講信修睦。

（與：推举）C.舉儉力孝弟，罰偷窺，而惰民惡之；決獄．不避，貴強惡之。

（獄：监狱）D.好仁者，無以尚．之。

（尚：时尚）2.下列句中，画线部分省略主语的一句是（）A.初，鄭武公娶於申，曰武姜。

生莊公及共叔段。

B.人皆有兄弟，我獨無。

C.豎子不足與謀！D.子常奔鄭，昭王奔隨。

3.下列各组字，属于变换构字成分而形成异体字的一组是（）A.碾——服B.雕——彤C.猿——猥D.雅——裸4.下列各组字，全部是象形字的一组是（）A.亦血高B.朱刃息C.果弓又D.上月矢5.下列句中，加着重号的词语意义解释正确的一句是（）A.河内凶．，則移其民於河東。

（凶恶）B.慎思之，明辨之，篤．行之。

（专一）C.男有分，女有歸．。

（返回）D.稱．解狐，其雠也。

（赞扬）6.以下对汉字结构的分析完全正确的一项是（）A.捨，从手而舍，会意B.餓，从我从食，会意。

C.產，从生，产声，形声。

D.吹，从口从欠，会意。

7.下列句中，加着重号的词古今词义不同的一句是（）A.丈夫亦憐．愛其少子乎?B.文起八代之衰，而道濟．天下之溺。

C.察．鄰國之政，無如寡人之用心者。

D.尤而效．之，罪又甚焉。

8.下列句中，括号中的词古今意义变化属于广度宽窄差异的一句是（）A.舉世而譽之而不加（勸）。

B.以爾車來，以我（賄）遷。

C.子爲父死亡所（恨）。

D.同心之言，其（臭）如蘭。

9.在“先生之風，山高水長”句中，“山”、“水”充当的语法成分是（）A.作主语B.在主谓谓语中作小主语C.作状语D.作定语10.下列句子含有数词作谓语的是（）A.范增數目項王，舉所佩玉玦以示之者三。

B.吾日三省吾身。

《语言学概论》在线作业-0003词汇变化比语音语法快，这体现了语言发展的（）A:渐变性B:稳固性C:相关性D:不平衡性正确选项：D“桃李不言，下自成蹊”中“言”属于（）A:语言系统B:言语行为C:言语作品D:内部语言正确选项：B语言符号的基本形式是A:词汇B:语音C:文字D:语法正确选项：B世界语是（）A:一种自然混合语B:一种临时混合语C:一种国际辅助语D:全世界的共同语正确选项：C从古到今，汉语语音系统的简化，导致汉语词汇的双音节化，这反映了语言发展的____。

A:渐变性B:相关性C:不平衡性D:规律性正确选项：B人类语言和动物的交际工具A:在本质上是一致的B:有根本区别C:区别不大D:基本一样正确选项：B转换生成语言学的代表人物是____。

A:乔姆斯基B:菲尔默C:皮亚杰D:韩礼德正确选项：A英语中“fAther”有父亲、神父等意思，而汉语中“父亲”没有神父的意思，这反映了语言的____。

A:符号性B:系统性C:民族性D:生成性正确选项：C“伟大、美好、性急、霜降”等词的构造方式是( )A:都是陈述式B:都是并列式C:前两个是陈述式，后两个是并列式D:前两个是并列式，后两个是陈述式正确选项：D满清放弃满语该说汉语，这属于____。

A:强迫同化B:非强迫同化C:语言接触D:语言混合正确选项：B“他非常喜欢京剧”中“非常”和“京剧”是____关系。

A:聚合B:组合C:既是聚合又是组合D:既非聚合又非组合正确选项：D下列关于语汇的表述中，正确的一项是A:语汇是有意义的能独立使用的语言单位B:语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位C:语汇是固定词组和熟语的总汇D:语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和。

华中师范大学文学院各专业2005——2006第一学期期末考试试卷参考答案（A卷）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1、语言有广义和狭义之分，广义的语言包括语言系统、言语活动和言语作品，狭义的语言只指语言系统，而言语则包括言语活动和言语作品。

当语言与言语对举时，语言一般是指语言系统。

而在其他情况下，语言一般用于广义。

语言系统由语汇材料和语法规则构成，而语汇材料和语法规则又都有语音和语义两个方面。

语音、语义和语汇、语法都自成系统。

所以语言系统包括上述四个子系统。

言语活动就是运用语汇材料和语法规则交流思想的活动，简言之就是说话。

而言语作品则是言语活动的结果，也就是说出来的话。

言语活动和言语作品都包括口头的和书面的两种形式。

语言与言语既有一系列区别，又有密切联系。

主要区别在于：1．语言是抽象的，言语是具体的。

2．语言是社会的，言语是个人的。

3．语言是现成的，言语是临时的。

4．语言是有限的，言语是无限的。

5．语言是稳定的，言语是多变的。

语言与言语又有密切联系，二者互相依存。

一方面，语言来自言语，依存于言语。

语言系统是从具体的言语活动和言语作品中抽象概括出来的。

另一方面，语言又制约着言语，指导人们进行言语实践。

2、语法范畴——语法范畴有广义和狭义之分，广义的语法范畴是各种语法形式表示的语法意义的概括。

广义语法范畴，从语法形式上看，包括所有显性形式和隐性形式，从语法意义上看，包括所有结构意义、功能意义和表述意义。

狭义的语法范畴是由词的形态变化表示的语法意义的概括，又称为形态语法范畴或形态范畴。

3条件变体——音位的条件变体是指那些出现条件受环境限制的音位变体，即一个音位的各个变体从不在相同的语音环境中出现，只出现在不同的语音环境下，处于互补分布的状态。

例如英语的/p/、/t/、/k/三个辅音音位，当它们出现在词首时是送气的：top[t’ p]（顶部）、pool[p’u:l]（水池）、kill[k’il]（杀死），而出现在/s/后就变为不送气的了：spool[spu:l]（线轴）、stop[st p]（停止）、skill[skil]（技巧）。

华中师范大学二〇〇〇年研究生入学考试试题专业：语言类各专业科目:古代汉语方向：语言类各专业方向注意：1、第一大题为所有考生必做题。

2、第二大题为汉语史方向考生必做题。

3、第三大题为其他各方向考生必做题。

一、语言专业各方向考生必做题。

〔一〕解释以下成语或古诗文中加着重号的词语或词组的意义或用法〔20分〕1．言简意赅赴汤蹈火感谢涕零动而见尤池塘生春草云半偏新睡觉颜色憔悴未尝不汉息痛恨于桓灵也〔8分〕2．星罗棋布车载斗量打草惊蛇日积月累昭王南征而不复，寡人是问先君之好是继〔12分〕〔二〕简答题〔24分〕1．?说文解字?是一部分什么书？有何学术价值？清代研究?说文?最著名听是哪四个人？各自代表是什么？〔14分〕2．什么是词义的扩大、缩小、转移？请举例说明〔10分〕〔三〕将下面一段文字译成现代汉语。

〔16分〕孟子日：“今有无名之指，屈而不信，非疾痛害事也。

如有能信之者，那么不秦楚之路，为指之不假设人也。

指不假设人，那么知恶之：心不假设人，那么不知恶，此之谓不知类也。

〞二、汉语史方向考生必做题。

(40分)(一) 中国音四声和现代汉语普遍话四声在调类方面有何异同？(12分)(二) 本议和引申义之间的意义关系有哪几种类型？(15分)(三) 解释以下的固定格式。

(13分)1．“如……何“例：以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太形王屋何？〔?列子·汤问?〕2．“……孰与……〞例：吾孰与城北徐公美？(战国策·齐策一)3．“无乃……与〞例：孔子曰：“求!，无乃尔是过与？〞(论语·委氏)三、非衙史方向考生必做题(40分)(一) 联络汉语史，谈谈“繁荣市场〞、“丰富生活〞之类动宾构造的特点。

(15分)(二) “张〞字的声母，现代有些方言中读为d，请联络汉语语音史对此类现象试作阐释。

(13分)(三) 解释以下句子中的“之〞字的意义和用法(12分)1．不虞君之涉吾地也。

2．姜氏欲之，焉辟害？3．其是之谓乎？4．邑丈人有之市而醉归者。

《语言学》答疑库及答案1. Explain the following definition of linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of language.Key: Linguistics investigates not any particular language, but languages in general. Linguistic study is scientific because it is based on the systematic investigation of authentic language data. No serious linguistic conclusion is reached until after the linguist has done the following three things: observing the way language is actually used, formulating some hypotheses, and testing these hypotheses against linguistic facts to prove their validity.2. Is modern linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? Why?Key: Modern linguistics is mainly synchronic, focusing on the present-day language. Unless the various states of a language are successfully studied, it will not be possible to describe language from a diachronic point of view.3. How is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?Key: Both Saussure and Chomsky make the distinction between the abstract language system and the actual use of language. Their purpose is to single out the language system for serious study.4. What features of human language have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from any animal communication system?Key: Arbitrariness--- a sign of sophistication only humans are capable of Creativity--- animals are quite limited in the messages they are able to sendDuality--- a feature totally lacking in any animal communicationDisplacement--- No animal can “talk” about things removed from the immediate situationCultural transmisson--- Details of human language system are taught and learned while animals are born with capacity to send out certain signals as a means of limited communication5 What are the two major media of communication? Of the two, which one is primary and why?Key: Speech and writing. Speech is considered primary over writing. The reason are: speech is prior to writing in language evolution, speech plays a greater role in daily communication, and speech is the way in which people acquire their native language.6 What are the three branches of phonetics? How do they contribute to the study of speech sounds?Key: Articulatory, auditory, and acoustic phonetics.Articulatory phonetics describes the way our speech sounds and how they differ. Auditory phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds, and reaches theimportant conclusion that phonetic identity is only a theoretical ideal.Acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds, the way sounds travel from the speaker to the hear.7 What is voicing and how is it caused?Key: An articulatory dimension of speech sound production. It distinguishes meaning in many languages such as English; therefore it is a phonological feature. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.8 Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ? Key: Broad transcription---one letter symbol for one soundNarrow transcription---diacritics are added to the one-letter symbols to show the finer differences between sounds.9 How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?Key: Phonetics: description of all speech sounds and their fine differences.Phonology: description of sound systems of particular languages and how sounds function to distinguish meaning.10What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme?Key: Phone--- a speech sound, a phonetic unit.Phonology---a collection of abstract sound features, a phonological unit.Allophones---actual realizations of a phoneme in different phonetic contexts.11 What is a minimal pair and what is a minimal set? Why is it important to identify the minimal set in a language?Key: Minimal pair---Two sound combination identical in every way except in one sound element that occurs in the same position.Minimal set---A group of sound combinations with the above feature.By identifying the minimal pairs or the minimal set of a language, a phonologist can identify its phonemes.12 What are suprasegmental feature? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?Key: Suprasengmental features---phonological features above the sound segment level.The major suprasegmental features in English---word stress, sentence stress, intonation.13 What are the main features of the English compounds?Key: Orthographically a compound can be written as one word, two separate words with or without a hyphen in between.Syntactically, the meaning of a compound is idiomatic, not calculable from themeanings of all its components.Phonetically, the word stress of a compound usually falls on the first element.14 Morpheme is defined as the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content. Then is morpheme a grammatical concept or a semantic one? What is its relation to phoneme? Can a morpheme and a phoneme form an organic whole?Key: Since morpheme is defined as the smallest unit interms of relationship between expression and content, it at the same time covers the grammatical and the semantic aspect of linguistic unit. A morpheme may overlap with a phoneme, such as I , but usually not, as in pig, in which the morpheme is the whole word, i.e. an independent, free morpheme, but the phonemes are/p/, /I /, and /g/.15 Why is it important to know the relationships a sign has with others, such as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations?Key: As the relation between a signifier and its signified is arbitrary, the value of a sign cannot be determined by itself. To know the identity of a sign, the linguist will have to know the signs it is used together with and those it is substitutable for. The former relation is known as syntagmatic and the latter paradigmatic.16 How can the surface structure become the sole responsible structure for semantic interpretation?Key: This is mainly achieved by the introduction of trace theory. That is, after the movement of any element, there will be a trace left in the original position, which is represented by the better in the tree diagram. And the deep structure information concerning the underlying syntactic relations between words, such as the subject in the passive is the logical object, will be captured by the trace in the surface structure.17 What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?Key: Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, which is a collection of semantic meanings, abstract and decontextualized. Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.18 Explain with examples “homonymy,”, “polysemy”, and “hyponymy”.Key: Homonymy---identical in form (either in sound or in spellin, or in both) but different in meaning, e.g. night-knight, lead v.-lead n., bank (a financial institution)-bank (side of a river)Polysemy---one form having more than one meaning, e.g. earth our planet, the soil on its surfaceHyponymy---relation of semantic inclusion between a word which is more general and a word which is more specific, e.g. furniture- table.19 In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes intodistinctive features?Key: In the light of componential analysis, the meaning of a word consists of a number distinctive meaning features; the analysis breaks down the meaning of the word into these features; it is these different features that distinguish word meaning. Similarly, a phoneme is considered as a collection of distinctive sound features; a phoneme can be broken down into these distinctive sound features and it is these sound features that distinguish different sounds.20What is grammaticality? What might make a grammatically meaningful sentence semantically meaningless?Key: Grammaticality---the grammatical well-formedness of a sentence. A sentence may be well-formed grammatically, i.e. it conforms to the grammatical rules of the language, but it is not necessarily semantically well-formed, i.e., it may not make sense at all.21What does pragmatics study? How does it differ from traditional semantics? Key: Pragmatics studies how meaning is conveyed in the process of communication. The basic difference between pragmatics and traditional semantics is that pragmatics considers meaning in context and traditionally semantics studies meaning in isolation from the context of use.22 How is the notion of context interpreted?Key: Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.23How are sentence meaning and utterance meaning related, and how do they differ? Key: Utterance-meaning is based on sentence-meaning; the former is concrete and context-dependent and the latter is abstract and decontextualized.24 According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance. Give an example.Key: Locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act.Example omitted.25 What are the five types of illocutionary speech acts Searle has specified? What is the illocutionary point of each type?Key: Representative---stating what the speaker believes to be trueDirective---trying to get the hearer to do somethingCommissive—committing the speaker himself to some future actionExpressive---expressing feelings or attitude towards an existing stateDeclaration---bringing about immediate changes by saying something26 What are the four maxims of the CP? How does the violation of these maxims give rise to conversational implicatures?Key: Maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, maxim of manner. Examples omitted.27. Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.Key: In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example, the phrase " the old men and women" may have two interpretations, i.e. the adjective "old” may modify the noun "men", or the following two nouns "men and women". Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous. Whereas, the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear. So, we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.NP NPNP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women28 Characterize the nature of language change.Key: All living languages change with time. Language change is not only universal and inevitable, but also systematic, extensive, ongoing, and gradual. Language change is a rule-governed behavior, involving all components of the grammar.29 Explain the purpose o reconstruction in historical linguistics and the method employed by historical linguists.Key: Historical linguists aim at establishing, through the method of somparative reconstruction, the genetic relationship between and among various languages based on the evidence of systematic form-meaning resemblance in cognate items, and thereby to reconstruct the protolanguage of a language family.30What distinction, if any, can you draw between bilingualism and diglossia?Key: Bilingualism refers to a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used in a speech community; whereas in a diglossic community, two varieties of language are used for different situations, one being more standard and higher, and used for more formal matters, and the other less prestigious, and used for colloquial situations.31Describe three features of Black English, including at least one phonological and one syntactic characteristics.Key: 1) One of the phonological features of Black English is the simplification of a consonant cluster at the end of a word by dropping the word-final phoneme. As a result, for example, “pass”, “past” and “passed”, are all pronounced the way as “pass” is.2) One of the syntactic features of Black English is the constant absence of the copula, such in “ That mine” and “The coffee cold.”3) Another syntactic feature that characterizes Black English is the double negation construction with sentences like “ I don’t know nobody” and “ He don’t go nowh ere.”。

华中师范大学语言学类考研必备理论语言学
真题及答案
语言学概论：
华中师范大学网络课程《语言学概论》（吴振国、刘云）及相关音频课堂练习、期末试题及题库
汉语语言学
真题及答案
现代汉语：
《现代汉语辅导及习题集》
期末试题及题库
古代汉语：
郭锡良版《古代汉语习题集》
期末试题及题库
华中师范大学古代汉语习题库
语言学论著选读：
邢福义《汉语语法学》
邢福义《汉语语法三百问》
邢福义《语法问题思索集》
邢福义《汉语复句研究》
邢福义《邢福义学术论著选》
《20世纪现代汉语语法八大家—邢福义选集》
邢福义《词类辨难》
陆俭明沈阳《汉语与汉语研究十五讲》
符淮青《现代汉语词汇》
名家语法论文目录
陆俭明：词语句法、语义的多功能性与句法、语义的动态性
刘丹青：语义优先还是语用优先——汉语语法学体系建设断想
周国光：汉语配价语法论略
沈阳：领属范畴及领属性名词短语的句法作用
邢福义：否定形式和语境对否定度量的规约
姚振武：汉语谓词性成分名词化的原因及规律
陈光磊：汉语功能词类说
李宇明：论词语重叠的意义
蔺璜：汉语语法体系的嬗变
张世年：关于汉语句法组合的制约因素
石毓智：时间的一维性对介词衍生的影响
沈阳：数量词在名词短语移位结构中的作用与特点
袁毓林：词类范畴的家族相似性
邢福义：汉语语法结构的兼容性和趋简性
眸子：语法研究中的“两个三角”和“三个平面”。

华中师范大学文学院各专业2005——2006第一学期期末考试试卷参考答案（A卷）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1、语言有广义和狭义之分，广义的语言包括语言系统、言语活动和言语作品，狭义的语言只指语言系统，而言语则包括言语活动和言语作品。

当语言与言语对举时，语言一般是指语言系统。

而在其他情况下，语言一般用于广义。

语言系统由语汇材料和语法规则构成，而语汇材料和语法规则又都有语音和语义两个方面。

语音、语义和语汇、语法都自成系统。

所以语言系统包括上述四个子系统。

言语活动就是运用语汇材料和语法规则交流思想的活动，简言之就是说话。

而言语作品则是言语活动的结果，也就是说出来的话。

言语活动和言语作品都包括口头的和书面的两种形式。

语言与言语既有一系列区别，又有密切联系。

主要区别在于：1．语言是抽象的，言语是具体的。

2．语言是社会的，言语是个人的。

3．语言是现成的，言语是临时的。

4．语言是有限的，言语是无限的。

5．语言是稳定的，言语是多变的。

语言与言语又有密切联系，二者互相依存。

一方面，语言来自言语，依存于言语。

语言系统是从具体的言语活动和言语作品中抽象概括出来的。

另一方面，语言又制约着言语，指导人们进行言语实践。

2、语法范畴——语法范畴有广义和狭义之分，广义的语法范畴是各种语法形式表示的语法意义的概括。

广义语法范畴，从语法形式上看，包括所有显性形式和隐性形式，从语法意义上看，包括所有结构意义、功能意义和表述意义。

狭义的语法范畴是由词的形态变化表示的语法意义的概括，又称为形态语法范畴或形态范畴。

3条件变体——音位的条件变体是指那些出现条件受环境限制的音位变体，即一个音位的各个变体从不在相同的语音环境中出现，只出现在不同的语音环境下，处于互补分布的状态。

例如英语的/p/、/t/、/k/三个辅音音位，当它们出现在词首时是送气的：top[t’ p]（顶部）、pool[p’u:l]（水池）、kill[k’il]（杀死），而出现在/s/后就变为不送气的了：spool[spu:l]（线轴）、stop[st p]（停止）、skill[skil]（技巧）。

华中师范大学2011年汉语语言学考研真题一、名词1、平话2、部首3、平仄4、单纯词5、前提触发语二、分析1 分析下列音素的发音条件【p】【u】2、用层次分析法划分下面复杂句子的结构层次：松鼠通常一胎生三四个三、简述1、现行汉字规范化的具体要求2、辨析同义词“繁华”和“繁荣”3、简述短语与单句的联系和区别4、谈下面两个句子在句式使用上的特点及修辞效果（1）漓江的水真静啊，静得让你感觉不到它在流动；漓江的水真清啊，清得可以看见江底的沙石；漓江的水真绿啊，绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕的翡翠。

——《桂林山水》（2）到了正午，天安门广场已经成了人的海洋，红旗翻动，像海上的波浪。

——《开国大典》四、思辨从下面两段材料中，找出一个值得研究的语言现象，谈谈你的看法。

（200字左右）（1）爱社见来者不善，不等他们开口就先笑着开口，说咋有空来玩？说着就撂过来几盒好烟，撂到几个人面前地下，要是有五个人撂过来四盒，要是四个人撂过来三盒，人们就疯了爬到地上去争去夺，争得不要命了。

《香与香》（2）其实乐满仓想错了,乐小勇的真实想法是,不管乐满仓找刘凤琴或者李凤琴张凤琴乃至猪凤琴狗凤琴结婚,他都不会干涉,他从心里愿意给父亲找个老伴儿。

《老乐的执迷不悟》贰古代汉语五、“更，从攴，丙声”；“奸，从女，干声”，“丙”与“更”声母没有关系，只有韵母有关系。

“干”与“奸”情况怎样，请就“干”与“奸”语音关系谈谈你的见解。

六、“是乃仁術1”《孟子?梁惠王上》，“园囿術2路”《汉书?刑法志》。

“術1”和“術2”的词汇意义，指出本义和引申义，并说明理由。

七、解释加点字的意义（这个上面我加不了点，就把字体加粗，大家将就看看）1、城门失火，殃及池鱼2、污池渊沼川泽3、擐甲执兵，固即死也4、即山铸钱，煮海水为盐5、可怜光彩生门户6、百花高楼更可怜7、可怜陌上离离草，一种逢春各短长8、洛阳相君忠孝家，可怜亦进姚黄花9、先王之制，大都不过三国之一10广汉竟坐要斩11 诗好几时见，书成无信将12 帝乃除超为兰台令史13 父母闻之，清宫除道14 空谷传响15 五谷皆熟，为有年也16 览斯宇之所处兮，实显敞而寡仇17 士卒仅万人, 城中居人户亦且数万,巡因一见问姓名,其后无不识者。