新西兰New Zealand(英文)

新西兰介绍英文带翻译Introduction to New Zealand。

New Zealand is a country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of two main islands, the North Island and the South Island, as well as numerous smaller islands. The country has a diverse landscape, ranging from snow-capped mountains to sandy beaches, and is known forits stunning natural beauty.新西兰介绍。

新西兰位于太平洋西南部，由两个主要岛屿——北岛和南岛以及许多小岛组成。

该国拥有多样化的地形，从雪山到沙滩，以其惊人的自然美景而闻名。

Geography。

New Zealand is located in the southern hemisphere and is situated approximately 1,500 kilometers east ofAustralia. The country has a total land area of 268,021 square kilometers, with a coastline that stretches for15,134 kilometers. The North Island is the smaller of the two main islands, with a land area of 113,729 square kilometers, while the South Island is larger, with a land area of 151,215 square kilometers.地理。

第六部分新西兰 Part Six New ZealandChapter33.New Zealand(capital: Wellington)惠灵顿1)新西兰的地理位置New Zealand’s geography:新西兰地处南太平洋，位于赤道和南极之间New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.新西兰的面积与英国和日本相近。

它有2个主要的岛，北岛和南岛The size of the country is similar to Britain or Japan.It has two main islands:North Island and South Island新西兰位于国际日期变更线以西，所以它是世界上第一个迎接新一天到来的国家。

New Zealand is just west of the Internationnal Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day.最高的山峰是库克山，海拔3764米。

陶波湖是新西兰最大的湖。

The highest peak is Mt Cook,3764M. Lake Taupo is the largest lake in New Zealand 南岛最大的河流是克鲁沙河，北岛最大的河流有2个，是怀卡托河和黄加雷河。

The largest rivers in South Island is the Clutha,and in the North Island is the Waikato and the wanganui.地震和火山是新西兰最严重的自然灾害。

Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters.2)气候特征Characteristics of New Zealand’s climate;①气候温和generally temperates.②多样，最北端是亚热带气候，南岛一些山区则是亚寒带气候varied climate: In the far north it is subtropical and in some mountainous areas of South Island it is subarctic③.常年下雨Rain falls all year round新西兰阳光最充足的城镇是纳尔逊，西海岸的降雨量最大。

新西兰英文简介New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The countrygeographically comprises two main landmasses ? that of the Northand SouthIslands ? and numerous smaller islands. New Zealand issituated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of thePacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.Polynesians settled New Zealand in 1250–1300 CE and developed a distinctive Māoriculture, and Europeans first made contact in 1642 CE. The introduction of potatoes and muskets triggered upheaval among Māori early during the 19th century, which ledto the inter-tribal Musket War s. In 1840 the British and Māori signed a treatymakingNew Zealand a colony of the British Empire. Immigrant numbers increased sharply and conflicts escalated into the New Zealand Wars, which resulted in much Māoriland being confiscatedin the mid North Island. Economic depressions were followed by periods of political reform, with women gaining the vote during the 1890s, and a welfare state being established from the 1930s. After World War II, New Zealand joined Australia and the UnitedStates in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States later, until 2010, suspended the treaty after New Zealand banned nuclear weapons. New Zealand is part of the intelligence sharing among the Anglosphere countries, the UKUSA Agreement. New Zealanders enjoyed one of thehighest standards of living in the world in the 1950s, but the 1970s saw a deep recession, worsened by oil shocks and the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community. The country underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free tradeeconomy. Markets for New Zealand's agricultural exports have diversified greatly since the 1970s, with once-dominant exports of wool being overtaken by dairy products, meat, and recently wine.During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.The majority of New Zealand's population is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and non-Māori Polynesians.English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominant. Much of New Zealand's culture is derived from Māori and earlyBritish settlers. Early European art was dominated by landscapes and to a lesser extent portraits of Māori. A recent resurgence of Māori culture has seen their traditional arts of carving, weaving andtattooing become more mainstream. Many artists now combine Māori and Western techniques to create unique art forms. The country's culture has also been broadened by globalisation and increased immigration from the Pacific Islands and Asia. New Zealand's diverse landscape provides manyopportunities for outdoor pursuits and has provided the backdrop for a number of bigbudget movies.。

About New ZealandLocationNew Zealand (Aotearoa) is a South Pacific country located midway between the Equator and the South Pole, and is approximately 1600 kilometres (994 miles) east of Australia.New Zealand is made up of two main islands, the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller offshore islands.The total area is 268,680 sq. km (103,740 sq. miles). It is approximately two-thirds the size of California, and is equivalent in size to Japan, Colorado or Great Britain.The coastline is 15,135 km (9,405 miles).PeopleThe population of just over 4 million is predominantly of European (mainly British) and Polynesian descent. The indigenous Maori (tangata whenua) population is around 15% of the total.Eighty-five percent of the population lives in urban areas.New Zealand is home to a diversity of cultures including Polynesian, Maori, ethnic Asian, and black African. These coexist alongside a number of European cultures including Italian, Greek and Eastern European.LanguageEnglish, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, although English is the common language of everyday use.GovernmentNew Zealand is an independent parliamentary democracy within the British Commonwealth. The capital city and seat of government is Wellington.Time ZonesNew Zealand is one of the first countries in the world to greet the new day, because the International Date Line lies to its east. The entire country operates within a single time zone, UTC/GMT+12 hours.Subject to daylight saving, New Zealand is:∙20 hours ahead of Los Angeles∙17 hours ahead of New York∙12 hours ahead of London∙ 2 hours ahead of SydneyDaylight SavingDaylight saving in New Zealand runs from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April.New Zealand time adjusted for daylight saving time is GMT+ 13 hours.The time in New Zealand right now is displayed at the top right of this page.Public HolidaysNew Zealand observes 11 public (or statutory) holidays. Waitangi Day and Anzac Day are fixed dates, and the holiday entitlement attached to them never transfers to another day. Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day and the day after New Year's Day, though their dates are fixed, transfer their holiday entitlement to the first available weekday when those days fall on a weekend.Statutory Holiday 2011 Observance 2012 ObservanceNew Year's Day 1 January Saturday 1 January orMonday 3 JanuarySunday 1 January orTuesday 3 JanuaryDay after New Year's Day 2 January Sunday 2 January orTuesday 4 JanuaryMonday 2 JanuaryWaitangi Day Sunday 6 February Monday 6 February Good Friday Friday 22 April Friday 6 April Easter Monday Monday 25 April Monday 9 April ANZAC Day Monday 25 April Wednesday 25 April Queen's Birthday Monday 6 June Monday 4 June Labour Day Monday 24 October Monday 22 OctoberChristmas Day 25 December Saturday 25 December orTuesday 27 DecemberTuesday 25 DecemberBoxing Day 26DecemberMonday 26 December Wednesday 26 DecemberThe 11th statutory holiday is the Provincial Anniversary Day of the province in which an employee works. Provincial Anniversary Days areusually observed on the Monday nearest the actual day, and are observed only within that province. For actual dates/observances for Provincial Anniversary holidays, visit the Department of Labour's website: .There is no legal requirement for producers and contractors to observe statutory public holidays, although it is common practice to observe Christmas Day, New Year's Day, Waitangi Day, Easter Friday, Easter Monday and Labour Day by scheduling these days off or negotiating penalty payments for work on these days.Primary and Secondary School HolidaysThe school year is divided into 4 terms (semesters) with the major school holiday break of 6 weeks during the summer months of December and January. The other three school holiday breaks are of 2 weeks each, and are scheduled around:∙mid April∙early July∙late September/early October.For precise dates for school terms and school holidays, visit the Ministry of Education’s website.Film Friendly New ZealandOur Government and local bodies support filmmakers in New Zealand by ensuring a co-ordinated and straightforward approach to compliance issues like permitting, immigration and taxation. This means compliance is not a significant budget item.With the proliferation of filming in New Zealand, local regional authorities and district councils offer their full support to the film industry and many have implemented film friendly policies in conjunction with Film New Zealand.What exactly is Film Friendly?Gaining Film Friendly status is formal recognition that local authorities have the necessary processes and policies in place to meet screen production industry needs as they arise, without compromising the councils' statutory obligations.Requirements from councils and the screen production industry are detailed in the Local Government Filming Protocol (PDF, 1.03MB). Councils may respond to meeting Film Friendly requirements in different ways depending on the scale and relevant importance of screenproduction activity in that location.Film Friendly also means working collectively to provide a supportive environment for the screen production sector.What are its benefits, for both councils and production companies?Screen production activity is recognised as a significant economic contributor in many regions of New Zealand. In fact, many projects may involve activity over multiple council boundaries. The ability to have consistent and transparent treatment for screen production activity throughout the country is considered desirable for promoting the continued growth of this industry in New Zealand.By practicing Film Friendly, councils benefit from repeat economic activity, higher profile as a desirable production location, ease of consent and permission processing, and the ability to leverage off successful films shot in that location.For production companies, Film Friendly provides an easy point of contact in the area to help facilitate requirements within councils' jurisdiction and a greater degree of certainty regarding the companies' obligations.How do councils sign up to it?To become Film Friendly a council will need to demonstrate that it understands and agrees to progress in adopting film friendly processes and policies as outlined in the Protocol. The signing of a simple agreement between the council and Film New Zealand on behalf of the screen production industry recognises each party's commitment to film friendly requirements. Film New Zealand then issues a certificate of film friendliness and publishes the council's name with a web link below.Local Government New Zealand can provide the necessary guidance and contact point to gaining Film Friendly status.Does it cost councils to become Film Friendly?There is no fee associated with becoming or remaining Film Friendly. Internal costs associated with adopting and supporting film friendly activity will need to assessed by each council.For more information about becoming film friendly please contact Carla Kregcisz at Local Government New Zealand.Film Friendly Councils∙Auckland City Council∙Buller District Council∙Carterton District Council∙Central Otago District Council∙Christchurch City Council∙Dunedin City Council∙Far North District Council∙Franklin District Council∙Hamilton City Council∙Hastings District Council∙Hauraki District Council∙Horowhenua District Council∙Hutt City Council∙Manukau City Council∙Masterton District Council∙Napier City Council∙New Plymouth District Council∙North Shore City Council∙Palmerston North City Council∙Papakura District Council∙Porirua City Council∙Queenstown Lakes District Council∙Rotorua District Council∙Rodney District Council∙Ruapehu District Council∙Selwyn District Council∙South Taranaki District Council∙South Wairarapa District Council∙Stratford District Council∙Taupo District Council∙Timaru District Council∙Upper Hutt City Council∙Wairoa District Council∙Waitakere City Council∙Waitaki District Council∙Wanganui District Council∙Wellington City CouncilFor a full list of local and regional council contacts, visit Local Government New Zealand.Film Industry HistoryThe American Film Institute has called the New Zealand film industry "one of the wonders of the world... an unparalleled success story". Certainly the number of New Zealand filmmakers who have gained the world's attention is well beyond what the country's small population and distance from major metropolitan cultural centres might be expected to have delivered.Their successes have been founded on the tradition of versatility and innovation which has shaped the industry from its earliest days. Those industry values have been maintained, not merely out of necessity, but because of the strong value New Zealanders place on working that way.BeginningsThe first films were shown in New Zealand as early as 1896, but the industry’s first phase began in 1913 when three films based on Maori stories, and directed by Gaston Melies, appeared –Loved by a Maori Chieftainess, Hinemoa and How Chief Te Ponga Won His Bride. In the following 30 years some 28 films were produced, including The Birth of New Zealand (1922), Rewi’s Last Stand(1925) and Down on the Farm(1935). The end of the silent period saw a fall-off in feature production, and the industry’s next phase was launched with the establishment of the National Film Unit in 1941. The government-founded unit specialised in documentaries about New Zealand. Perhaps more importantly, as a location of training and experiment, the unit became a significant factor in the technical advancement of New Zealand filmmaking. Though the next 30 years would see only three local features made, the unit would spawn a number of independent production companies and, as a major training ground for new filmmakers, it set and maintained high-quality production standards.To the Present DayThe current phase in New Zealand’s filmmaking began in the 1970s with a revolution in film production. In the 30 years since Roger Donaldson’s Sleeping Dogs (1977) more than 350 feature films have been produced.Donaldson was one of the first to begin working on Hollywood features after the success of his second film Smash Palace (1982). His most recent New Zealand-made film, The World’s Fastest Indian, was released in 2005. Vincent Ward, who was the first New Zealander to win selection for theCannes Film Festival competition with Vigil(1984) and then The Navigator (1988), has worked in the US. His two most recent films, River Queen (2005) and Rain of the Children (2008), are a return to New Zealand subject matter.Geoff Murphy –Utu(1983), The Quiet Earth (1984) –has spent many years working in the US but has also returned to New Zealand with Spooked (2004). N ew Zealander Jane Campion shared the 1993 Palme d’Or at Cannes for The Piano,which went on to bring in three Academy Awards™ – the first New Zealand film to be so honoured. Lee Tamahori’s Once Were Warriors(1994) introduced the world to the grittier life of urban New Zealand and launched Tamahori's career as an international director.New Zealand continued to produce successful directors including Christine Jeffs with Rain (2001) followed by Sylvia(2003), and Niki Caro with Whale Rider (2002) and North Country (2005).Perhaps the highpoint of the industry’s production came with Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001-2003). Those three films, with state-of-the-art film and effects technology realised at Jackson’s facilities in Wellington, wer e the ultimate proof of New Zealand film’s technical and production capacity at every level.In this decade new young New Zealand filmmakers are establishing reputations, pursuing a broad range of themes and genres.Some like Jonathan King with Black Sheep (2007), Chris Graham with The Ferryman (2007) and Peter Burger with The Tattooist (2007) have enthusiastically embraced supernatural horror. Science fiction and horror also combined in Glenn Standring's Perfect Creature (2007), a highly original retelling of the vampire myth set in an alternate version of the 1960s.Others like Taika Waititi (nominated for a best short film Oscar™ in 2005 for Two Cars,One Night) have delighted in a Kiwi kind of quirkiness presented in the darkly charming Eagle vs Shark (2007). Meanwhile, Toa Fraser and Chris Graham, with No. 2 (2006)and Sione’s Wedding (2006) respectively, have explored Pacific themes with a real passion. And Robert Sarkies explored a tragic episode in New Zealand's history with Out of the Blue (2006).The New Zealand film industry has also provided a showcase for New Zealand actors, many of whom have become sought after internationally. Sam Neill's career was launched with Sleeping Dogs,and he has become one of New Zealand's most successful actors. Anna Paquin was the first New Zealandactor to win an Oscar™ for her performance in The Piano, and Keisha Castle-Hughes was nominated for Whale Rider.Cliff Curtis, Rena Owen and Temuera Morrison have all had strong international careers since Once Were Warriors. More recently Melanie Lynskey, Martin Henderson, Daniel Gillies, Karl Urban, Lucy Lawless and Martin Csokas are among those to work throughout the world.International Film ProductionThe people who have created the dynamic New Zealand industry also introduced world filmmakers to one of the country's most persistent characters – New Zealand's land and scenery.Ron Howard was one of the first Hollywood directors since the silent period to discover New Zealand as a location when he shot Willow (1988) in the Southern Alps. Expatriate New Zealanders, Lloyd Phillips and Martin Campbell, also shot their spectacular mountaineering film Vertical Limit in 1999 in the Southern Alps.New Zealand proved to be the perfect Middle-earth in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. In The Last Samurai (2004) Ed Zwick found the North Island provided scenery ideal for his vision of 19th century Japan. Three years later, in Akihiko Shiota's Dororo (2007), the setting was a fantasy land that culturally resembles old Japan but is in fact the wilder parts of New Zealand's South Island.In 2003 Without a Paddle filmed throughout the lower North Island; and in 2004–05 LA-based expatriate Andrew Adamson returned to New Zealand with The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, using the spectacular backdrop of the Southern Alps to bring the film alive. At the same time, Peter Jackson created King Kong, his jungle and 1930s New York in and around the city of Wellington.In 2006 Roland Emmerich filmed part of the epic tale 10,000 BC (2008) in Wanaka; and New Zealand doubled as Alaska in the vampire saga 30 Days of Night (2007),directed by David Slade.Increasingly, fable, fantasy and fabulous effects have entered the filmmaking landscape in New Zealand, and the children's fantasies Bridge to Terabithia (Gabor Csupo) and The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep (Jay Russell) were both made in New Zealand for release in 2007.New Zealand visual and physical effects production companies have also worked on an increasing number of international productions, including Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, Kingdom of Heaven, VanHelsing, Peter Pan,I Robot, The Legend of Zorro, X-Men 3, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, Eragon and An Inconvenient Truth.TelevisionMost television production companies in New Zealand have their own team of producers, writers, directors and production managers, and their experience covers a wide range of programme genres including drama and factual series, comedy, light entertainment and documentaries. New Zealand has experienced line producers, UPMs, supervising producers, service producers and production managers who have illustrious careers in servicing domestic and international drama and non-drama (film and television) projects.New Zealand's first television production companies were set up in the late 1970s, and today production facilities include suites offering fully digital multi-media, computer animation and film/video post production. New Zealand television programmes sell in over 100 countries worldwide, and the country's television production companies have exported entertainment, lifestyle and sport series and formats abroad. A number of production companies have also co-produced major television drama series with partners based in Canada, Britain, Australia and Sweden, to name but a few.Currently with Film Australia, December Films and Ferns TV, New Zealand production company South Pacific Pictures is producing Cook, a major documentary series based on Vanessa Collingridge's book Cook –Obsession and Betrayal in the New World. The international co-production, which has been shot in the UK, Canada, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand, will open up the world of 18th-century sea travel for viewers throughstate-of-the-art CGI and dramatic reconstruction.A standout star in documentary production is Natural History New Zealand (NHNZ), which has filmed above and below every ocean and every continent. With offices in Dunedin, Beijing and Washington DC, NHNZ works closely alongside Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Discovery Health, TLC, National Geographic Channel, PBS (US), NHK (Japan), France 5 and NDR (Germany). A special area of expertise is Antarctica, where NHNZ has been making documentaries for more than 20 years.AnimationGreat animation to tell great stories has been one of the most significant aspects in the history of New Zealand film and television in the past decade. A huge level of investment combined with extraordinary creativityhas resulted in the development, production and distribution of quality animated content.New Zealand's primetime animated show, bro'Town(Firehorse Films), first appeared on television screens in September 2004. Irreverent, and capturing the energy, humour and enthusiasm inherent in the best portrayals of New Zealand's multi-cultural society, it was an instant success, wowing thousands of local and international fans, winning multiple awards and receiving impressive critical acclaim.Auckland-based Flux Animation Studio worked on the feature film An Inconvenient Truth, a box-office favourite and winner of best documentary at the 2007 Academy Awards™. Flux Animation Studio directed two animated sequences in the 90-minute film, sequences which have screened as a backdrop to environmental campaigner Al Gore on stages throughout the world. At home Flux Animation also produced several television series for Television New Zealand, including Tamatoa, Artoonz, Puzzle Inc and The Adventures of Massey Ferguson.2006 saw Weta Productions' first foray into children's television production with Jane and the Dragon. The Weta Productions team brought the same creativity and eye for detail to the world of Jane that was used in the creation of The Lord of the Rings trilogy. Their work combined with the latest digital effects technology to deliver a beautiful and stunning new aesthetic for animated television.Auckland-based Huhu Studios created The Ten Commandments, released by Promenade Pictures in October 2007 and starring Sir Ben Kingsley as the narrator, Christian Slater as Moses, Alfred Molina as Ramses and Elliott Gould as God. The Flood would follow.Commercial productionNew Zealand has a robust and healthy television and cinema commercial industry that has a long and distinguished history of working with many different overseas production companies and advertising agencies.The same qualities that have appealed to feature filmmakers have also attracted makers of television commercials. Productions from countries as diverse as Poland, Japan, Korea, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States have been shot in New Zealand.The varied landscape and climate enable the country to stand in for a large range of locations in close proximity to each other, and the SouthernHemisphere advantage of reverse seasons to the Northern Hemisphere is valuable for production timelines.Equally, international companies are also choosing New Zealand topost-produce their television commercials. The expectations of even the most demanding clients are being fulfilled by large and smaller boutique facilities, whose expertise in editing and leading-edge digital innovation is second to none.Advertising photography/stillsEvery region in New Zealand has a distinct character. There are literally hundreds of locations with their own special magic, and none is overexposed. New Zealand is a photographer's paradise.A small but elite group of companies and individuals offer line-production services for international advertising photography or stills shoots. They know the country's locations and resources. They appreciate issues around accessibility, staging areas, lighting angles and any length of red tape to be unravelled. They know about eliminating 'surprise' additional costs by considering projects from all angles at cost-estimating stage. They work to systems guaranteed to eliminate risk and deliver results. And, like their colleagues in film and television, they have worked extensively with some of the best in the business worldwide.Production services also include casting and engaging crew, including photographic assistants, stylists, prop makers, set builders and safety. Flash, lighting equipment, digital cameras and operators are all available. New Zealand stills crews are highly trained, flexible and cost competitive. Specialist crew such as helicopter pilots, underwater crew, and equipment and extreme sports guides are also available.New mediaOver the past decade New Zealand has witnessed the rise of the new media companies. These are backed by a collection of New Zealand-based new media research laboratories, and fed in part by graduates from media design schools who have trained in 3D animation, visualisation, game development, visual effects and digital media. The schools attract students from more than 35 countries, drawn to New Zealand by our reputation in high-end computer graphics and technical innovation.These new media companies are home to creators of visually compelling interactive digital content delivered across a range of channels anddevices, including mobile phones, PSP, internet and kiosks, game consoles and other portable devices.On offer are tactile tabletops, interactive wallpaper and floor-based sports games. Writers, designers and producers are installing original and intelligent exhibitions and experiences for museums and tourist sites in New Zealand and overseas. Two-minute television dramas are being produced for viewing on G3 mobiles. Increasingly it's interactive marketing of entertainment and games that young audiences are finding so compelling.These new media companies work across a broad range of technologies and media –frequently w ith a ‘pick and mix’ approach to media options that results in exceptionally innovative and exciting solutions in entertainment and education, and for business.。