斯伦贝谢分段压裂技术
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固井滑套分段压裂工艺简介1.固井滑套分段压裂简介该工艺技术是贝壳休斯公司在固井技术的基础上结合了开关式固井滑套而形成的多层分段压裂完井技术。
该技术利用可开关式固井滑套选择性的放置在油层位置,固井完成后,利用钻杆,油管或连续油管代开关工具将滑套打开,然后用同一趟管柱进行压裂作业。
该压裂完井体系可根据油藏产层情况,选择多个CM滑套,实现多层压裂投产或选择性压裂开采。
该完井体系中CM系列滑套内外表面进行了特殊镀层处理,保证了工具开关性能。
该技术可应用到任何利用压裂措施投产的井。
另外,根据以后生产的需要还可以调整油藏层间矛盾。
提高油藏的利用率。
2.作业步骤1)根据油藏产层情况,确定各CM滑套位置;2)按照确定的深度将滑套和套管管柱一趟下入井内,然后进行常规固井;3)下入压裂和滑套开关服务工具,有选择性地打开滑套进行压裂作业。
4)压裂完一层之后,通过上提下放管柱将压裂层位滑套关闭,随后打开下一层滑套进行压裂。
5)所有层位压裂完成之后,通过上提下放管柱将所有需要生产的层位的滑套打开,起出管柱,进行生产。
6)在生产过程中,如果出现产水层或者由于别的原因,需要将某个层位关闭,可下入滑套开关工具将其关闭。
如果还需打开,还可以下入开关工具将其打开。
3.优点:1)随套管一趟下入,无需射孔。
压裂作业一趟连续完成,节省了时间。
2)无需射孔,无需额外的封隔器卡层,节省了成本。
3)压裂完成之后套管内保持通径,方便了以后的修井作业。
4)滑套可以多次开关:根据生产需要,滑套可以随时关闭和打开,大大增强了其实用性。
5)在每一层压裂后,可以关闭滑套,保护地层不受污染。
4. 可用规格尺寸尺寸(in) 压力级别(psi) 温度级别(°F) 抗拉强度(lb) 抗扭力(ft-lb) 2 3/8 96,000 1,7822 7/8 140,000 3,5003 1/2 10,000 375 182,600 4,0004 7,500 291,900 5,700 4 1/2 8,200 325 270,000 6,000 5 7,300 315,000 5,5005 1/2 6,300 351,000 6,2007 7,000 300 628,000 8,7005. 图例CM 滑套示意图 CM 滑套进行特殊涂层处理之后,水泥固井图。
金正纵横信息咨询有限公司
1【钻采技术】斯伦贝谢UltraMARINE 海水基压裂液UltraMARINE 海水基压裂液针对海上压裂作业,优化在井筒工况的性能表现,该体系热力学稳定性佳,适用温度范围80-163℃。
通过控制工作液PH 值,该技术可以有效抑制液体结垢趋势,降低杂质沉降风险。
根据测试结果,该体系对高矿化度水源适应性很好,即使矿化度超过100000ppm,依然表现良好。
UltraMARINE 海水基压裂液降低了对淡水资源的依赖,有利于在淡水资源缺乏的条件下施工。
图17UltraMARINE 海水基压裂液在
140-250℉下的性能表现
图18145-300℉下,UltraMARINE
海水基压裂液与常规体系性能对比
(来源:金正纵横翻译事业部编译)。
水平井分段压裂完井技术调研报告现代完井工程水平井分段压裂完井技术调研报告目录1 研究目的及意义1 2 水平井分段压裂技术2 2.1 国外水平井分段压裂技术研究现状 2 2.1.1 斯伦贝谢公司Stage FRACTM系统3 2.1.2 哈里伯顿公司固井滑套分段压裂系统3 2.1.3 贝克·休斯公司Frac Piont System分段压裂系统4 2.2 国内水平井分段压裂技术研究现状5 2.2.1 水力喷射分段压裂技术5 2.2.2 双卡上提压裂多段技术5 2.2.3 分段环空压裂技术5 2.2.4 液体胶塞隔离分段压裂技术5 2.2.5 机械桥塞隔离分段压裂技术6 2.2.6 限流压裂技术6 2.3 本章小结6 3 水平井分段压裂数值模拟方法7 3.1 笛卡尔网格的加密法7 3.2 PEBI网格加密法9 3.3 表皮因子法9 3.4 直角网格加密法9 3.5 本章小结9 4 水平井完井技术10 4.1 筛管分段完井技术10 4.2 水平井砾石充填防砂技术10 4.3 鱼骨状水平分支井完井技术10 4.4 膨胀管完井技术11 4.5 套管射孔分段压裂完井技术11 4.6 裸眼分段压裂完井技术11 4.7 本章小结11 参考文献13 1 研究目的及意义所谓分段压裂技术,就是在井筒内沿着水平井眼的方向,根据油藏物性和储层特征,在储层物性较好的几个或更多水平段上,采用一定的技术措施严格控制射孔孔眼的数量、孔径和射孔相位,通过一次压裂施工同时压开几个或更多水平段油层的技术。
这是一套有效改造低渗透油气藏的水平井技术。
2008年全球非常规石油资源规模达449.5Gt[1]。
目前我国低渗透油气藏已探明储量近60亿吨,已经动用储量近30亿吨。
近50已探明的低渗透油气藏由于单井自然产能低、开采效益差难以动用。
水平井可以增加井筒与油层的接触面积,提高油气的产量和最终的采收率,但随着石油勘探开发时间的延长,中高渗等常规油田逐步减少,低渗透等非常规油气藏储量不断增加,低渗透油气藏的重要性便日益凸显。
成像测井技术目录1电成像测井 (2)1.1 地层微电阻率扫描成像测井技术[1] (2)1.2 阵列感应成像测井技术 (3)1.3方位电阻率成像测井技术 (4)2声波成像测井 (4)2.1超声波成像测井 (5)2.2偶极横波成像测井 (6)3核磁共振成像测井 (6)4成像测井技术的应用 (7)4.1岩性识别 (7)4.2沉积构造识别[4] (10)4.3沉积微相研究[5] (12)4.4裂缝系统的分析 (14)4.5地应力分析[11] (29)5成像测井的发展趋势 (32)参考文献 (33)成像测井技术测井起源于1927年的法国,当时只有测量视电阻率、自然电位、井温等仪器,经过近80年的发展,如今发展成为以电法测井仪、声波测井仪与核磁共振测井仪等系列的测井仪器。
回顾测井技术的发展历程,测井技术经历了从模拟测井到数字测井、数控测井、成像测井的发展历程。
成像测井技术是美国率先推出的具有三维特征的测井技术,是当今世界最新的测井技术。
它是在井下采用阵列传感器扫描测量或旋转扫描测量,沿井眼纵向、径向大量采集地层信息,利用遥传将采集到的地层信息从井下传到地面,通过图像处理技术得到井壁二维图像或井眼周围某一探测范围内的三维图像。
因此,成像测井图像比以往的曲线表达方式更精确、更直观、更方便。
传统的测井只能获取井下地层井眼周向和径向上单一的信息,它适用于简单的均质地层。
而实际上地层是非均质的,尤其是裂缝性油气层的非均质性最为明显,在地层的周向和径向上的非均质性也非常突出。
这促使人们开始利用非均质和非线性理论来设计测井仪器。
成像测井技术就是在此理论基础上发展起来的,它能获取井下地层井眼周向方位上和径向上多种丰富的信息,能够在更复杂、更隐蔽的油气藏勘探和开发方面有效的解决一系列问题:薄层、薄互层、裂缝储层、低孔隙低渗透层、复杂岩性储层评价;高含水油田开发中剩余油饱和度及其分布的确定;固井质量、压裂效果、套管井损坏等工程测井问题以及地层压力、地应力等力学参数的求取等等。
StageFRACSIMPLE, EFFICIENT, AND EFFECTIVEStageFRAC services enable multistage hydraulic fractures of an uncemented completion in one pumping treatment.Openhole packers are run on conventional casing to segment the reservoir with ball-activated sleeves placed between each set of openhole packers.During pumping, balls are dropped from the surface to shift each sliding sleeve open and isolate previously frac-tured stages.This mechanical diversion combined withSchlumberger advanced fracturing fluid systems allows for precise fluid placement, complete zonal coverage, and greater effective fracture conductivity.The StageFRAC service also offers a relatively simple completion: The production casing is not cemented,there are no perforating operations, no bridge plugs are required for isolation, no overflushing of the stimulation treatment is needed, and no intervention is required once stimulation is completed. Finally,the entire wellbore is fracture stimulated in one pumping operation, reducing cycle times from days to hours.The service permits selective opening and closing of the ports to shut off unwanted fluids, thus maxi-mazing well production life.FIELD-PROVEN TECHNOLOGYSince the first StageFRAC well was completed in June of 2002, the technology has been used to complete more than 2,750 stages in more than 1.25 million ft of open hole, and more thanAPPLICATIONSIHydraulically fractured horizontal,deviated, and vertical wells IOpenhole and some cased hole completionsIHigh-temperature, high-pressure,H 2S, and CO 2environments ISandstone, carbonate, shale, and coal formationsBENEFITSIMaximize reservoir productivity with up to 17 stimulation stages in one wellboreICut completion timesfrom days to hours and shorten time to marketIMaximize well longevity by shutting out unwanted fluids IReduce fracture fluid damage through immediate flowbackFEATURESIImproved access to natural fracturesIAbility to space sleeves at optimal distances as dictated by reservoir conditionsIPost-stimulation intervention not requiredI Single, continuous operation IMaximized stimulation coverage in horizontal wells I Reliable isolation in open hole IRigless operations during fracturingISleeves that can be shifted to assist with reservoir managementMaximize reservoir drainageThe StageFRAC*†multistage fracturing service provides effective reservoir drainage through multistage fracturing of open-hole wellbores and reduces completion times from days to hours.The mechanical openhole packer with tandem elements is rated to 68.9 MPa [10,000 psi] and 218 degC [425 degF]./reservoircontact†Incorporating Packers Plus ®technology*Mark of SchlumbergerCopyright © 2007 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 07-ST-028StageFRACThe Galaxie stimulation vessel mobilizing to treat the first StageFRAC job performed offshore West Africa.。
StageFRAC
SIMPLE, EFFICIENT, AND EFFECTIVE
StageFRAC services enable multistage hydraulic fractures of an uncemented completion in one pumping treatment.
Openhole packers are run on conventional casing to segment the reservoir with ball-activated sleeves placed between each set of openhole packers.During pumping, balls are dropped from the surface to shift each sliding sleeve open and isolate previously frac-tured stages.
This mechanical diversion combined with
Schlumberger advanced fracturing fluid systems allows for precise fluid placement, complete zonal coverage, and greater effective fracture conductivity.The StageFRAC service also offers a relatively simple completion: The production casing is not cemented,
there are no perforating operations, no bridge plugs are required for isolation, no overflushing of the stimulation treatment is needed, and no intervention is required once stimulation is completed. Finally,the entire wellbore is fracture stimulated in one pumping operation, reducing cycle times from days to hours.
The service permits selective opening and closing of the ports to shut off unwanted fluids, thus maxi-mazing well production life.
FIELD-PROVEN TECHNOLOGY
Since the first StageFRAC well was completed in June of 2002, the technology has been used to complete more than 2,750 stages in more than 1.25 million ft of open hole, and more than
APPLICATIONS
I
Hydraulically fractured horizontal,deviated, and vertical wells I
Openhole and some cased hole completions
I
High-temperature, high-pressure,H 2S, and CO 2environments I
Sandstone, carbonate, shale, and coal formations
BENEFITS
I
Maximize reservoir productivity with up to 17 stimulation stages in one wellbore
I
Cut completion times
from days to hours and shorten time to market
I
Maximize well longevity by shutting out unwanted fluids I
Reduce fracture fluid damage through immediate flowback
FEATURES
I
Improved access to natural fractures
I
Ability to space sleeves at optimal distances as dictated by reservoir conditions
I
Post-stimulation intervention not required
I Single, continuous operation I
Maximized stimulation coverage in horizontal wells I Reliable isolation in open hole I
Rigless operations during fracturing
I
Sleeves that can be shifted to assist with reservoir management
Maximize reservoir drainage
The StageFRAC*†multistage fracturing service provides effective reservoir drainage through multistage fracturing of open-
hole wellbores and reduces completion times from days to hours.
The mechanical openhole packer with tandem elements is rated to 68.9 MPa [10,000 psi] and 218 degC [425 degF].
/reservoircontact
†Incorporating Packers Plus ®
technology
*Mark of Schlumberger
Copyright © 2007 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 07-ST-028
StageFRAC
The Galaxie stimulation vessel mobilizing to treat the first StageFRAC job performed offshore West Africa.。