下载文档原格式
ANSI/AGMA 1106-A97ANSI/AGMA 1006-A97米制单位版美国国家标准塑料齿轮齿形尺寸AGMA标准美国国家标准塑料齿轮齿形尺寸ANSI/AGMA 1106-A97（ANSI/AGMA 1006-A97 米制单位版）美国国家标准的批准，需要由美国全国标准学会审核，查明标准编制部门业已达到应履行的程序、一致同意和其他审批准则的要求。
当根据美国全国标准学会标准评审委员会的裁决，涉及直接利害和物质利害关系方业已达成相当多数同意时，一致同意即告成立。
相当多数同意表示比简单多数要多得多，但不一定无异议。
一致同意要求一切观点和异议均加以考虑，并协同努力达成彼此的消解。
美国国家标准的采用纯属志愿性的；不拘是否赞同该标准，国家标准的实行毫不妨碍任何人不遵照它开展制造、营销、采购，或运用产品、方法或程序等活动。
美国全国标准学会不制订标准，也决不对任何美国国家标准作解释。
此外，无人有权或被授权以美国全国标准学会的名义，发表对美国国家标准的解释。
有关对本标准解释的要求，应该发送给美国齿轮制造商协会。
指示：AGMA（美国齿轮制造商协会）技术出版物依发展经历而定，持续进行改进、修订或撤销。
一切参阅任何AGMA技术出版物的人员，应该查明该出版物应是能从该协会取得的该论题最新版本。
[可以引用或摘录表格或其他内容独立的段落。
应注明文献出处，格式如下：承出版者美国齿轮制造商协会（the American Gear Manufacturers Association,1500 King Street ,Suite 201,Alexandria,Virginia 22314）许可，摘录自ANSI/AGMA 1106-A97“塑料齿轮齿形尺寸”（Tooth Proportions for Plastic Gears）]批准日期1997年8月7日摘要本标准介绍一种新版基本齿条AGMA PT，此新版基本齿条采取全圆型齿根圆角，可以在塑料制齿轮的许多应用场合优先选用。
数学建模中的图论方法一、引言我们知道，数学建模竞赛中有问题A和问题B。
一般而言，问题A是连续系统中的问题，问题B是离散系统中的问题。
由于我们在大学数学教育内容中，连续系统方面的知识的比例较大，而离散数学比例较小。
因此很多人有这样的感觉，A题入手快，而B题不好下手。
另外，在有限元素的离散系统中，相应的数学模型又可以划分为两类，一类是存在有效算法的所谓P类问题，即多项式时间内可以解决的问题。
但是这类问题在MCM中非常少见，事实上，由于竞赛是开卷的，参考相关文献，使用现成的算法解决一个P类问题，不能显示参赛者的建模及解决实际问题能力之大小；还有一类所谓的NP问题，这种问题每一个都尚未建立有效的算法，也许真的就不可能有有效算法来解决。
命题往往以这种NPC问题为数学背景，找一个具体的实际模型来考验参赛者。
这样增加了建立数学模型的难度。
但是这也并不是说无法求解。
一般来说，由于问题是具体的实例，我们可以找到特殊的解法，或者可以给出一个近似解。
图论作为离散数学的一个重要分支，在工程技术、自然科学和经济管理中的许多方面都能提供有力的数学模型来解决实际问题，所以吸引了很多研究人员去研究图论中的方法和算法。
应该说，我们对图论中的经典例子或多或少还是有一些了解的，比如，哥尼斯堡七桥问题、中国邮递员问题、四色定理等等。
图论方法已经成为数学模型中的重要方法。
许多难题由于归结为图论问题被巧妙地解决。
而且，从历年的数学建模竞赛看，出现图论模型的频率极大，比如：AMCM90B－扫雪问题；AMCM91B－寻找最优Steiner树；AMCM92B－紧急修复系统的研制(最小生成树)AMCM94B－计算机传输数据的最小时间(边染色问题)CMCM93B－足球队排名(特征向量法)CMCM94B－锁具装箱问题(最大独立顶点集、最小覆盖等用来证明最优性)CMCM98B－灾情巡视路线(最优回路)等等。
这里面都直接或是间接用到图论方面的知识。
要说明的是，这里图论只是解决问题的一种方法，而不是唯一的方法。
) dye penetrant inspection process. All Met-L-Chek penetrants are qualified to AMS-2644 and are sold under the Met-L-Chek ® and Pen-Chek ® trademarks.FP-97A(M) is approved to AMS-2644 as a fluorescent (Type 1); Methods “B”, “C”, and “D”; sensitivity level 4 post emulsifiable inspection penetrant . It is approved with Method “B” emulsifier E-57 and Method “D” emulsifier E-58D. For Method “C” applications it is used with E-59, E-59A, R-503, and R-504. FP-97A(M) is applied by immersion, spray, or wipe on. FP-97A(M) meets requirements for high sensitivity aerospace applications.FP-97A(M) is listed on the Qualified Products List for AMS-2644. It meets the requirements of AMS-2647, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V , ASTM E-165, and ASTM E-1417, for penetrant inspectionmaterials. It is low in sulfur and halogens and is safe for use on all metal surfaces.Fluorescent Penetrant Guide to METHOD “B ” (lipophilic) processing per ASTM E-14171.Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚-52˚C (40˚-125˚F) before penetrant is applied.2.Apply FP-97A(M) using spray, immersion, or wipe on.3.Wait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F).4.Immerse part in and out of E-57 emulsifier, or flow on emulsi -fier; drain time < 3 minutes.5.Wash part; water temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F). Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi); if a hydro-air nozzle is used limit pressure to < 172kPa (<25 psi). Distance >30cm (>12 inches). Wash time- only long enough to remove surface fluorescence un -der UV-A .6*. Dry part; temperature not to exceed 71˚C (160˚F), time - only long enough to dry surface.7.Apply dry powder developer, form “a” (D-72A ), by dusting, or non aqueous developer, form “d”(D-70), by spraying.7A*. If water based developers forms “b “(D-76B ) or “c”(D-78B )are used they are applied by immersion or spray, prior to step 6 drying.8.Wait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for form “d ” (non aqueous), maximum 2 hours for forms “b & c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and e UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm 2 @ 15inches (38.1 cm)in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).Fluorescent Penetrant Indications Type 1 (FP-97A(M ), Method D (E-58D ), Level 3, form “a”(D-72A).Guide to METHOD “D” (hydrophilic) processing per ASTM E-14171.Part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4.4˚-52˚C (40˚-125˚F) before penetrant is applied.2. Apply FP-97A(M) penetrant using spray, immersion, or wipe on 3.Wait a minimum of 10 minutes; 20 minutes if temperature is 4.4˚-10˚C (40-50˚F). 4.Pre-rinse part with water. Water temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100˚F). Water pressure < 275kPa (< 40 psi);only long enough to remove bulk of surface penetrant. This step may be skipped when emulsifier is applied by spray.5.Immerse part in gently agitated E-58D emulsifier dilut -ed to 17-20%. for 30 seconds to 2 minutes depending upon part roughness For spray applications emulsifier concentra -tion should be 1-5% and spray contact for less than 2 minutes.6.Wash part; water temperature 10˚-38˚C (50˚-100 ˚F). Water pres -sure < 275kPa (< 40 psi); if a hydro-air nozzle is used limit pressure to < 172kPa (<25 psi). Distance >30cm (>12 inches). Wash time- only long enough to remove surface fluorescence under UV-A .7*. Dry part; temperature not to exceed 71˚C (160˚F), time - only long enough to dry surface.8.Apply dry powder developer, form “a” (D-72A ), by dusting, or non aqueous developer, form “d”(D-70), by spraying.8A*. If water based developers forms “b” (D-76B ) or “c”(D-78B )are used they are applied by immersion or spray, prior to step 6 drying.9.Wait a minimum of 10 minutes before inspection. Maximum time is 1 hour for form “d ” (non aqueous), maximum 2 hours for forms “b & c” (aqueous), and maximum 4 hours for form “a” (dry powder). If times are exceeded, clean part and e UV-A illumination of >1000 µw/cm 2 @ 15inches (38.1cm)in a darkened area of <21 lux visible light (<2 foot candles).Product AvailabilityTypical Physical Properties Fluorescent PenetrantUnited States McGean Phone: +1-216-441-4900Fax: +1-216-441-1377United Kingdom M cGean UK Phone: +44-1902-456563Fax: +44-1902-457443Singapore McGean Singapore Phone: +65-6863-2296Fax: +65-6863-2297BEFORE USING ANY OF THESE PRODUCTS, YOU MUST BECOME COMPLETELY FAMILIAR WITH THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN MCGEAN’S SAFETY DATA SHEETS. All information contained therein or in this document regarding handling, personal protection, and other safety measures must be followed during use. McGean presents the information herein without warranty and disclaims any liability, including any consequential, special, or indirect damages, arising from its use and misuse. Because the use, the conditions of use, product or product composition, and/or applicable laws may differ from one location to another and/or may change with time, the purchaser and/or user is solely responsible for determining whether the product is appropriate for use. McGean recommends use of this product solely in commercial processes which are specified by McGean and which do not violate any third-party patent rights or any laws or regulations or otherwise adversely impact human health and the environment. Users must make their own investigations and determine the suitability of the product for their particular purposes. McGean does not guarantee the accuracy of any data provided by its suppliers. MCGEAN MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THE SELLER’S SALES CONTRACT OR SALES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM. USE OF ANY MCGEAN PRODUCT IS AT THE USER’S RISK. Contact UsForm: yellow green liquid Density: 964 g/L Flash Point: > 93˚C (> 200˚F)Viscosity 8.9 mm 2/s Fluorescent Brightness: (AMS-2644 requirement > 90%): 107.5 % Corrosion of aluminum: none Corrosion of carbon steel: none Corrosion of magnesium: none Corrosion of stainless steel: none Corrosion of titanium: none Chloride content: < 100 ppm (0.01%)Fluoride content: < 50 ppm (0.005%)Sodium content: < 100 ppm (0.01%)Sulfur content: < 100 ppm (0.01%)Mercury: none VOC’s: 0 g/L Ozone layer depleting substances: none PCB’s: noneSpecificationsISO-3452AMS-2644 AMS-2647 ASTM E-165 ASTM E-1417RR RPS-702-7 R-R Omat # 651D BAC 5423 HONEYWELL EMS 52309P&W PMC #4353Snecma sensibilité S3ASME B & PV code Sec V6 x 1 pint (0.4L) can with dauber 1 gallon (3.7L) plastic bottle 5 gallon (18.9L) plastic jug with our spout 55 gallon (208L) plastic drum。
