北京市海淀区教师进修学校2020届高三考前复习备考策略(共29张PPT)
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海淀区2020届高三“三角函数”专题的复习分析与指导北京市第一0一中学 田媛 2019.0524一、“三角函数”专题内容分析(一)“三角函数”专题知识体系的梳理 1、地位与价值在教学中,三角函数是描述周期现象的重要数学模型,它具有十分重要的地位,由于其思考性、方法性、技巧性和目的性都较强,对于提高学生数学素养,培养学生思维能力都有很重要的作用。
从三角函数的起源来看,三角函数起源于生活中的天文学,被广泛应用于解决航海通商问题,此后在自动控制、电子领域、工程领域等都有重要意义。
从历年高考的情况来看,三角恒等变换、三角函数的图像和性质、正余弦定理与解三角形等都是高考的热点问题,并常与其他交汇以解答题的形式考查,难度适中。
2、知识网络图 3、核心知识①研究三角函数的概念、图像和性质,其突出特征是具有周期性的函数,尤其是正、余弦函数具有边界和零点;难点是函数()()sin +f x A x k ωϕ=+的图像变换,落实“五点法”画图技能.A 的确定:()()max min =2f x f x A - ;k 的确定:()()max min k=2f x f x +;ω的确定:()20T πωω=> ;ϕ的确定:初始角=ϕω-,与平移单位有关.②三角恒等变换的综合应用,主要应用于两个方面:一是化简函数与三角函数的性质相结合;二是解三角形与正弦定理和余弦定理结合在平面几何图形中求解相关的几何量,解三角形就是有条件的恒等变换.(二)“三角函数”专题中研究的核心问题 1、问题类型①三角函数的图像和性质综合问题,常涉及三角恒等变换、图像变换、周期性、单调性、对称性和最值等;②解三角形问题,只要涉及两角和与差的正、余弦公式、二倍角公式、正弦定理和余弦定理等; ③三角函数性质与解三角形的综合问题,其本质是解决有条件的三角恒等变换问题,因此注意角的范围对变形过程的影响. 2、问题研究与解决①三角函数求值与化简的常用方法:弦切互化:包括“切割化弦”、“齐次式化切”等; 和积互化:包括“平方关系”、“降幂公式”和利用()2sin cos 12sin cos x x x x ±=± 进行变形转化;巧用“1”的变换:22221sin cos sec tan tan (4)πθθθθ=+=-==②转化为与三角函数有关的基本类型:sin y a x b =+ 设sin t x =,[]1,1t ∈- 转化为一次函数;sin cos y a x b x c =++ 借助辅助角公式转化为)y x c ϕ=++; 2sin sin y a x b x c =++ 设sin t x =,[]1,1t ∈- 转化为二次函数(闭区间内);sin cos (sin cos )y a x x b x x c =+±+ 设sin cos t x x =±,t ⎡∈⎣则21sin cos =2t x x -±,转化为二次函数;tan cot y a x b x =+,设tan t x =,当0a b >g 时可用均值定理;③函数()()sin f x A x ωϕ=+的奇偶性、对称性及图像变换对称轴一定经过图像的最高点或最低点,对称中心一定与函数零点有关;由()sin f x x =的图像通过变换得到()()sin f x A x ωϕ=+的图像有两种途径:“先平移后伸缩”或“先伸缩后平移”,可用“五点法”作为突破口.④通过三角恒等变换解决三角求值问题,做到三变:“变角——变名——变式” 给角求值:关键是转化成特殊角或消去非特殊角; 给值求值:现变同角再求值;给值求角:转化为“给值求值”,注意角的范围. ⑤利用正、余弦定理解三角形的两种途径:“化边为角”通过三角恒等变换得出三角形内角之间的关系; “化角为边”通过解方程求边;都要注意三角函数值的符号与角的范围,防止出现增解、漏解.(三)“三角函数”专题蕴含的核心观点、思想和方法 1、学生学习三角函数的主要困难 2、三角函数知识的核心观点张景中院士认为,在数学课程中三角函数至关重要,它是几何与代数的一座桥梁,沟通初等数学与高等数学的一条通道,函数、向量、坐标、复数等许多重要数学知识与三角有关,大量实际问题的解决要用到三角知识.① 强调三角函数中的函数思想,三角函数已经不仅仅是解三角形的工具,而是一个重要的函数模型; ② 数形结合解决三角函数的图形变换;③ 加强三角函数的应用意识,特别是用于解三角形问题. 3、核心思想方法与核心技能“三种思想”+“三个技能”:函数与方程的思想、化归与转化的思想、数形结合思想;运算技能:对三角函数解析式的恒等变形以及转化为sin()y A x ωϕ=+型函数的运算,正余弦定理公式的合理选择和化简运算等;作图技能:根据任务需求绘制相应要求精度的三角函数图象,五点法画图等;推理技能:依据三角函数解析式的结构进行推理判断运算方向,以及对三角形形状的判断.二、“三角函数”高考的典型考题结构第15题:正弦型函数性质(周期、最值)试题特点:试题总体比较平稳,不管是位置还是考查的知识点和难度都是比较稳定的,高考降低了复杂的三角恒等变形公式的考查,回归到双基和通性通法的考查上,文科基本小题考解三角形,大题就是用三角公式变形为正弦型函数,再讨论它的性质(特殊值、周期、值域)。
高三一轮总复习——《平面向量》、《不等式》、《复数》前言对高三一轮复习的认识一、复习课的目的(梳理知识、训练技能、发展思维)1、高三复习课的意义和价值2、高三复习的特点3、复习课要有效率二、课程设计策略1、梳理知识网络,整体把握知识体系,提高学生的归纳概括能力2、沟通知识间联系,加深学生对知识本质的理解,对知识运用的综合3、精选、巧编问题,为复习的教学目标选好载体三、给出的参考题目建议从以下几个方面来选择使用能够从知识点的考查内容上来运用、从知识点的考查要求上来选择、能够从知识的整合的程度上来连接、能够用联系的观点来指导学生解题、能够用发展的眼光来选择习题帮助学生.四、要对复习课的教学效果进行反思对照考纲,逐条反思教学效果.反思主要方式可以通过课堂观察,作业问题,答疑情况,考试分析等调查了解,整体定位,为下一阶段复习做好学情总结,做好教法思考.第一部分《平面向量》一、对《平面向量》课标精神、高考要求的理解及一轮复习的基础和目标(一)平面向量问题解决能力提高的几条有效途径1、确认学生残缺的知识体系,进而有针对性的完善知识结构(而不是一味的给出复杂的知识体系表)2、关注学生解决向量问题的数学语言习惯,规范或引导学生找寻适合问题解决的语言表达“图形——符号——坐标”三种数学表示是向量问题解决的基本语言,既要强调问题解决的向量语言的适用性,也要关注多种语言间问题解决的一致性(验证结果).3、接受学生类比推广实数运算律的思维习惯,通过对向量运算法则的理解来抵消死记硬背符号运算律的消极影响(而不是通过大量的、反复练习来固化向量中的运算规律)(二)一轮复习的基本前提和切实目标1、理解和准确记忆向量的有关概念2、理解和掌握向量的加减法、数乘和数量积运算是向量的重要运算,理解与实数相应运算律的区别和联系3、在向量的运算中提高基本技能,在向量的运算中培养数形结合的思想和方程思想(三)两个附表1、向量三种语言表述下的运算知识表2、2020年北京卷中与平面向量有关的高考题二、《平面向量》一轮复习的内容和要点(一)《平面向量》知识内容的归纳整理(二)建议课时(6-7课时)1、知识内容结构(1 课时)2、平面向量的概念(1 课时)3、平面向量的运算 ①向量的加减法和实数与向量的积(1-2 课时) ②向量的数量积(1课时)4、向量的应用(1课时)5、综合练习反馈(1课时) (三)知识点解读1、向量概念及表示(1)向量的概念:向量定义、模、零向量、单位向量、平行(共线向量)、相等向量、相反向量(2)向量的表示:几何表示法——有向线段AB u u u r或a ; 坐标表示法——(,)x y a = 2、向量的三种运算及运算的三种形式 向量的加减法,实数与向量的乘积,两个向量的数量积都称为向量的线性运算,前两者的结果是向量,两个向量数量积的结果是数量.每一种运算都可以有三种表现形式:图形语言、符号语言、坐标语言. (1)向量运算知识表(附表1)(2)与运算有关的三个基本图形(几何意义)①向量加、减法法则(几何意义)——三角形或平行四边形; ②实数与向量乘积(几何意义)——共线;③平面向量基本定理的特殊情形的几何意义(定比分点基本图形)——起点相同的三个向量终点 共线.3、平面向量基本定理如果1e →、2e →是同一平面内的两个不共线向量,那么对于该平面内任一向量a →,有且只有一对实数λ1,λ2,满足a →=λ11e →+λ22e →,称λ11e →+λ22e →为1e →,2e →的线性组合.(1)向量与坐标根据平面向量基本定理,任一向量a →与有序数对(λ1,λ2)一一对应,称(λ1,λ2)为a →在基底{1e →,2e →}下的坐标;当取{1e →,2e →}为单位正交基底{i →,j →}时,定义(λ1,λ2)为向量a →的平面直角坐标.(2)向量坐标与点坐标的关系当向量起点在原点时,定义向量坐标为终点坐标,即若(,)A x y ,则(,)OA x y =u u u r;当向量起点不在原点时,向量AB --→坐标为终点坐标减去起点坐标,即若(,)A A A x y ,(,)B B B x y , 则(,)B A B A AB x x y y =--u u u r4、一个夹角公式、两个充要条件(刻画两个向量相对位置的数量) (1)向量的模与相等向量的数量积的关系公式:设(,)a x y =r ,则||a r (2)两个向量的夹角公式符号语言:cos ,||||a ba b a b ⋅<>=r rr r r r坐标语言:设11(,)a x y →=,22(,)b x y →=,则cos ,a b <>=r r (3)平行和垂直① 两个向量平行的充要条件符号语言:若a →∥b →,a →≠0→,则a →=λb →坐标语言:设11(,)a x y →=,22(,)b x y →=,则a →∥b →⇔1221x y x y =或1122(,)(,)x y x y λ=② 两个向量垂直的充要条件符号语言:a →⊥b →⇔a →·b →=0坐标语言:设11(,)a x y →=,22(,)b x y →=,则a →⊥b →⇔12120x x y y +=5、向量的应用 三、《平面向量》参考题目 (一)与概念有关1. 下列命题正确的是 ( )D (A )单位向量都相等 (B )任一向量与它的相反向量不相等 (C )平行向量不一定是共线向量 (D )模为0的向量与任意向量共线 2. 下列命题正确的是( )D(A )若||0a =r ,则0a =r (B )若||||a b =r r ,则a b =r r 或a b =-r r(C )若//a b r r ,则||||a b =r r (D )若0a =r r ,则0a -=r r3.下列说法正确的是( ) C (A )任何一个非零实数与向量的积都是一个非零向量 (B )零与任何一个向量的积都是零(C )对于任何一个非零向量a r ,a λr (λ∈R )可以表示所有与a r共线的向量(D )非零向量a r 的单位向量为||aa ±rr4.(2020辽宁)已知点()()1,3,4,1A B - ,则与向量AB u u u r同方向的单位向量为( )A (A )3455⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,- (B )4355⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,-(C )3455⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭, (D )4355⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,5. 已知下列命题:(1)对任意向量,a b r r ,都有a b a b -<+r r r r;(2)若1()2AD AB AC =+u u u r u u u r u u u r,则点D 是线段AB 的中点;(3)在四边形ABCD 中,若0AB AC BD BA -+-=u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r r,则ABCD 为平行四边形;(4)在ABC ∆中,若AB AC AB AC +=-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r ,则AB AC =u u u r u u u r.其中真命题的序号是 .(写出所有真命题的序号)(2)(3)6.(2020浙江理5)设a ,b 是两个非零向量, 下列命题正确的是( )C(A )若|a +b |=|a |-|b |,则a ⊥b (B )若a ⊥b ,则|a +b |=|a |-|b | (C )若| a +b |=|a |-|b |,则存在实数λ,使得a =λb (D )若存在实数λ,使得a =λb ,则|a +b |=|a |-|b | (二)与线性运算有关 1.(2020陕西)关于平面向量,,a b c .有下列三个命题:①若g g a b =a c ,则=b c②若a 与b -c 都是非零向量且“a ⋅b =a ⋅c ”则“a (⊥b -c )”③非零向量a 和b 满足||||||==-a b a b ,则a 与+a b 的夹角为60︒ 其中真命题的序号为 .②(写出所有真命题的序号)2.(2020广东文)设r a 是已知的平面向量且≠0r r a ,关于向量ra 的分解,有如下四个命题:① 给定向量r b ,总存在向量r c ,使=+r r ra b c ;② 给定向量r b 和r c ,总存在实数λ和μ,使λμ=+r r ra b c ;③ 给定单位向量r b 和正数μ,总存在单位向量r c 和实数λ,使λμ=+r r ra b c ;④ 给定正数λ和μ,总存在单位向量r b 和单位向量r c ,使λμ=+r r ra b c .上述命题中的向量r b ,r c 和ra A .1B .2C .3D .4▲3.已知向量AC ,AD 和AB 在正方形网格中的位置如图所示,若μλ+=,则=+μλ( ) AA . 2B . 2-C . 3D . 3-CDB AABP M O 4.(12东城一模文12)在△ABC 中,,D E 分别为,BC AC 的中点,F 为AB 上的点,且1||||4AF AB =.若AD AF AE λμ=+u u u r u u u r u u u r(,λμ∈R ),则λμ+= . 35.(2020福建) 在下列向量组中,可以把向量a =(3,2)表示出来的是( )B(A ) e 1=(0,0),e 2=(1,2) (B ) e 1=(-1,2),e 2=(5,-2) (C ) e 1=(3,5),e 2=(6,10) (D ) e 1=(2,-3),e 2=(-2,3)6. 化简:CE AC DE AD +--u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r =__________.0r7. (2020广东文3)已知向量()1,2a =r ,()3,1b =r ,则b a -=r r( )B(A )()2,1- (B )()2,1- (C )()2,0 (D )()4,38. 已知点()()1,1,5,3A B ,向量AB u u u r 绕点A 逆时针旋转32π到AC u u u r 的位置,那么点C 的坐标是 . (3,3)-9. 如图,正方形ABCD 中,点E 是DC 的中点,点F 是BC 的一个三等分点,那么=EF u u u r( )D(A )1123AB AD u u u r u u u r - (B )1142AB AD u u u r u u u r + (C )1132AB DA u u u r u u u r + (D )1223AB AD u u ur u u u r -10. (2020四川文6)设点M 是线段BC 的中点,点A 在直线BC 外,216BC =u u u r , AB AC AB AC +=-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r ,则AM u u u u r=( ) C(A )8 (B )4 (C )2 (D )11.如图,设O 为ABC ∆内一点,PQ //BC ,且PQt BC=,OA =u u u r a ,OB =u u u r b ,OC =u u u r c ,试用a ,b ,c 表示,OP OQ u u u r u u u r.答案: OP u u u r=(1)t t -+a b , OQ u u u r =(1)t t -+a c▲12.(2020北京文14)已知点()11A -,,()30B ,,()21C ,.若平面区域D 由所有满足AP AB AC λμ=+u u u r u u u r u u u r()1201λμ≤≤,≤≤的点P 组成,则D 的面积为 .3▲13. 如图:OM//AB,点P 在由射线OM 、线段OB 以及AB 的延长线围成的区域内(不含边界)运动,且OP xOA yOB =+u u u r u u u r u u u r,则x 的取值范围是 ;当12x =-时,y 的取值范围是 . 13(,0);(,)22x y ∈-∞∈ 14.(1)设M ,N ,P 分别是ABC ∆三边BC ,AC ,AB 上的点,且14BM BC =,14CN CA =,14AP AB =,设AB a =u u u r r ,AC b =u u u r r,试用,a b r r 表示,,MN MP PN u u u u r u u u r u u u r . (1344PN a b →→→=-+,1331()4442MN CN CM b a b a b →→→→→→→→=-=---=-+,1124MP MN NP MN PN a b →→→→→→→=+=-=--)(2)在四面体O ABC -中,OA =u u u r a ,OB =u u u r b ,OC =u u u r c ,D 为BC 的中点,E 为AD 的中点,则OE =u u u r(用,,a b c 表示). 答案 111244++a b c ▲15.(2020湖南理6)若,a b 是单位向量,0⋅=a b . 若向量c 满足1--=|c a b |,则|c |的取值范围是( )A(A )2-1,2+1⎡⎤⎣⎦, (B )2-1,2+2⎡⎤⎣⎦, (C ) 1,2+1⎡⎤⎣⎦, (D )1,2+2⎡⎤⎣⎦,EDBACB A 5P 6P 4P 7P 2P 3P1P (三)与向量的数量积有关 1.(14西城文理5)设平面向量a ,b ,c 均为非零向量,则“()0⋅-=a b c ”是“=b c ”的( )B (A )充分而不必要条件 (B )必要而不充分条件 (C )充分必要条件 (D )既不充分也不必要条件 2. 设a →,b →,c →为非零向量,且相互不共线,下列命题( )D ① (a →·b →)c →=(c →·a →)b →=0② |a →|-|b →|<|a →-b →|③ (b →·c →)a →-(c →·a →)b →不与c →垂直 ④ (3a →+2b →)·(3a →-2b →)=9|a →|2-4|b →|2其中真命题是:(A )①② (B )②③ (C )③④ (D )②④ 3. 下列结论正确的是( )D(A )a b a b =r r r r g (B )a b a b -<-r r r r(C )若()()0a b c c a b -=r r r r r r g g (D )若a r 与b r 都是非零向量,则a b ⊥r r 的充要条件为a b a b +=-r r r r4.(2020辽宁) 设a ,b ,c 是非零向量,已知命题p :若a ·b =0,b ·c =0,则a ·c =0,命题q :若a ∥b ,b ∥c ,则a ∥c ,则下列命题中真命题是( ) A(A )p ∨q (B )p ∧q (C ) (⌝p )∧(⌝q ) (D )p ∨(⌝q )5. (2020山东文理12)定义平面向量之间的一种运算“⊙”如下,对任意的(,),(,)a m u b p q ==r r,另a b mq np =-r re ,下面的说法错误的是( )B(A )若a r 与b r 共线,则0a b =r r e (B )a b a b =r r r re e(C )对任意的λ∈R ,有()()a b a b λλ=r r r r e e (D )2222()()||||a b a b a b ==r r r r r r e g 6. 如果向量a r 与b r ,c r 的夹角都是60︒,而b c ⊥r r,且||||||1a b c ===r r r ,求(2)()a c b c -+r r r r g 的值.-1 ▲7. (06四川)如图,已知正六边形123456PP P P P P ,下列向量的数量积中最大的是( )A(A )1213PP PP u u u u r u u u u r g (B )1214PP PP u u u u r u u u u u rg(C )1215PP PP u u u u r u u u u r g (D )1216PP PP u u u u r u u u u rg▲8. (2020上海文17题)如图,四个边长为1的正方形排成一个大正方形,AB是在正方形的一条边,(1,2,,7)i P i =L 是小正方形的其余各个顶点,则(1,2,,7)i AB AP i ⋅=u u u r u u u rL 的不同值的个数为 个. 3▲9.(2020浙江) 设θ为两个非零向量a ,b 的夹角.已知对任意实数t ,|b +t a |的最小值为1( ) B(A )若θ确定,则|a |唯一确定 (B )若θ确定,则|b |唯一确定 (C )若|a |确定,则θ唯一确定 (D )若|b |确定,则θ唯一确定10.(1)(2020新课标Ⅰ文)已知两个单位向量a ,b 的夹角为60o,(1)=+-c ta t b ,若0⋅=b c ,则t =___.2(2)已知向量a 和b 的夹角为60°,|a | = 3,|b | = 4,则(2a –b )·a 等于 12(3)若||2=a ,||2=b 且()-⊥a b a ,则a 与b 的夹角是 4π (4 )(11全国Ⅱ理12)设向量a ,b ,c 满足|||1=a |b =,12⋅=-a b ,60--=︒<a c,b c >,则||c 的最大值 .2▲11. (12东城理6)如图,在△ABC 中,1AB =,3AC =,D 是BC 的中点,则 AD BC ⋅=u u u r u u u r( ) BD AB C(A )3 (B )4(C )5 (D )不能确定▲12. (2020天津理15)如图,在ABC ∆中,AD AB ⊥,3BC BD =u u u r u u u r ,1AD =u u u r,则AC AD ⋅=u u u r u u u r .313.(2020·江苏)如图13所示,在平行四边形ABCD 中,已知AB =8,AD =5,CP →=3PD →,AP →·BP →=2,则AB →·AD →的值是________.22▲14.(2020福建理9文12)设→a ,→b ,→c 为同一平面内具有相同起点的任意三个非零向量,且满足→a 与→b 不共线,→a ⊥→c ,∣→a ∣=∣→c ∣,则∣→b •→c ∣的值一定等于( )B(A )以→a ,→b 为邻边的平行四边形的面积 (B ) 以→b ,→c 为两边的三角形面积(C )→a ,→b 为两边的三角形面积 (D ) 以→b ,→c 为邻边的平行四边形的面积 ▲15.(14海淀理14)已知向量序列:123,,,,,n a a a a L L 满足如下条件:1||4||2==a d ,121⋅=-a d 且1n n --=a a d (2,3,4,n =L ).若10k ⋅=a a ,则k =_9___;123||,||,||,,||,n a a a a L L 中第______项最小. 3 (四)与平行与垂直有关 1.(1)已知A (-1,-3),B (1,1),C (x ,3)三点共线,则x =________. x =2(2)已知向量b a m b m a 与若),4,2(),2,(==反向,则m =_____. -12.(1)已知12,e e u r u u r 为不共线向量,122a e e =-r u r u u r ,123b e e =+r u r u u r ,使2a b +r r 与2a b λ-r r 共线的实数λ为 .14λ=-(2)设,,a b c r r r 为非零向量,其中任意两向量不共线,已知a b +r r 与c r 共线,且b c +r r 与a r 共线,则b a c ++r r r= 3.设,a b r r 是平面内两不共线向量,AB a kb =+u u u r r r ,AC ma b =+u u u r r r (k ,m ∈R ),则A ,B ,C 三点共线的充要条 件是 ( ) D(A )k+m=0 (B )k =m (C )km +1=0 (D )km=1 4.(2020陕西文)已知向量a =(2,-1),b =(-1,m ),c =(-1,2)若(a +b )∥c ,则m =.-15. 已知向量3,(1,2)a b ==r r ,且a b ⊥r r ,则a r的坐标______.(655,—355),(—655,355)6.(2020·重庆卷)已知向量a =(k ,3),b =(1,4),c =(2,1),且(2a -3b )⊥c ,则实数k = . 3 7.(2020湖北) 设向量a =(3,3),b =(1,-1).若(a +λb )⊥(a -λb ),则实数λ=________.±3 8.(2020浙江)已知向量(1,2)=a ,(2,3)=-b .若向量c 满足()//+c a b ,()⊥+c a b ,则c =()DA .77(,)93B .77(,)39--C .77(,)39D .77(,)93--(五)综合应用1. (09福建)一质点受到平面上的三个力123,,F F F (单位:牛顿)的作用而处于平衡状态.已知1F ,2F 成060角,且1F ,2F 的大小分别为2和4,则3F 的大小为( ) D(A ) 6 (B ) 2 (C ) 25(D ) 72. 在四边形ABCD 中,)2,1(=,)2,4(-=,则该四边形的面积为( )C(A )5 (B )52 (C ) 5 (D )103.(2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)已知A ,B ,C 为圆O 上的三点,若1()2AO AB AC =+u u u r u u u r u u u r,则AB u u u r 与AC u u u r 的夹角为________.90°4.(1)已知△ABC 满足2AB AB AC BA BC CA CB =⋅+⋅+⋅u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r,则△ABC 是 ( )C(A )等边三角形 (B )锐角三角形 (C )直角三角形 (D )钝角三角形(2)已知△ABC 中,AB u u u r=a , AC u u u r =b ,a ⋅b 1504ABC S ∆<,=,|a |=3,|b |=5,则BAC ∠等于( ) C(A )30° (B )-150° (C )150° (D )30°或150°5.(1)(09宁夏海南理)已知O ,N ,P 在ABC ∆所在平面内,且||||||OA OB OC ==u u u r u u u r u u u r ,0NA NB NC ++=u u u r u u u r u u u r r,PA PB PB PC PC PA ⋅=⋅=⋅u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r,则点O ,N ,P 依次是ABC ∆的 ( ) C (A )重心 外心 垂心 (B )重心 外心 内心 (C )外心 重心 垂心 (D )外心 重心 内心(2)若AP =u u u r ()(0)||||AC AB AB AC λλ+≠u u u r u u u r uu u r u u u r ,则点P 所在直线过ABC ∆的_______心(内心)第二部分 《不等式》一、知识结构图及考试说明要求二、问题与对策(1)不等式复习常见障碍 (2)不等式高效复习的策略三、把脉高考——梳理题型——思考障碍——高效教学掌握知识构成及考察要求层级,挖掘高考题目中的基本成分,完成一轮教学的根本任务。
解析几何一轮复习一、高三复习备考,既要研究学科特点,也要研究考试规律● 北京高考题1.【2020理科11】设双曲线C 经过点(2,2),且与2214y x -=具有相同渐近线,则C 的方程为 ;渐近线方程为 .2. 【2020文科10】设双曲线C 的两个焦点为(0),0),一个顶点是(1,0),则C 的方程为 .3.【2020理科13】在ABC △中,点,M N 满足2AM MC −−→−−→=,BN NC−−→−−→=.若MN x AB y AC −−→−−→−−→=+,则x =_______;y =_______4. 【2020理5】设{}n a 是公比为q 的等比数列,则"1"q >是"{}"n a 为递增数列的.A 充分且不必要条件 .B 必要且不充分条件.C 充分必要条件 .D 既不充分也不必要条件5.【2020文科6】设,a b 是非零向量.“||||⋅=a b a b ”是“∥a b ”的(A )充分而不必要条件 (B )必要而不充分条件(C )充分必要条件 (D )既不充分也不必要条件 得分率0.44, 全卷最低● 北京高考中解析几何解答题的特点——需思考,要运算6. 【2020北京理】已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b+=>>的离心率为2,点(0,1)P 和点(,)A m n (0)m ≠都在椭圆C 上,直线PA 交x 轴于点M .(Ⅰ)求椭圆C 的方程,并求点M 的坐标(用,m n 表示);(Ⅱ)设O 为原点,点B 与点A 关于x 轴对称,直线PB 交x 轴于点N .问:y 轴上是否存在点Q ,使得OQM ONQ ∠=∠?若存在,求点Q 的坐标;若不存在,说明理由.7. 【2020北京理】已知椭圆22:24C x y +=.(Ⅱ)设O 为原点.若点A 在椭圆C 上,点B 在直线2y =上,且OA OB ⊥,试判断直线AB 与圆222x y +=的位置关系,并证明你的结论.8. (2020北京理)已知曲线C :2228x y +=()m ∈R .(Ⅱ)曲线C 与y 轴的交点为A 、B (点A 位于点B 的上方),直线4y kx =+ 与曲线C 交于不同的两点M 、N ,直线1y =与直线BM 交于点G .求证:,,A G N 三点共线.● 解析几何的学科特色● 高考中的解析几何从近几年北京高考题对解析几何知识点的考查看解析几何复习方向:1、圆的方程、圆锥曲线的方程和简单的几何性质是最基础知识点,在试卷中会出一道选择或填空题,试题难度为容易题或中档题。
2020届北京市海淀区教师进修学校附属实验学校高三生物下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 将紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮分别放入清水、蔗糖溶液、硝酸钾溶液、甘油溶液中进行细胞质壁分离和复原的实验。
在处理时间相同的前提下,相关叙述正确的是()A. 放入适量的清水中,细胞的原生质体逐渐变小B. 放入适宜浓度的蔗糖溶液中,细胞中液泡的颜色先加深后变浅C. 放入适宜浓度的硝酸钾溶液中,细胞的原生质体先减小后增大D. 放入适宜浓度的甘油溶液中,细胞的吸水能力逐渐减小2. 香豌豆的花色有紫花和白花2种,显性基因C和P同时存在时开紫花。
2个纯合白花品种杂交,F1开紫花;F1自交,F2的性状分离比为紫花∶白花=9∶7。
下列分析错误的是()A.2个白花亲本的基因型为CCpp与ccPPB.F1测交后代中紫花与白花的比例为1∶1C.F2紫花中纯合子的比例为1/9D.F2中白花的基因型有5种3. 图是细胞核的结构模式图,下列叙述正确的是A. 结构∶不能与细胞膜在结构上直接相连B. 人体细胞中的结构∶都附着在结构∶上C. 结构∶上的是小型环状的DNA分子D. 结构∶∶都能有选择性地控制物质进出4. 决定小鼠毛色为黑(B)褐(b)色、有(s)/无(S)白斑的两对等位基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。
基因型为BbSs的小鼠间相互交配,后代中出现黑色有白斑小鼠的比例是()A. 1/16B. 3/16C. 7/16D. 9/165. 新型冠状病毒具有高传染性,其遗传物质为单股正链RNA(+RNA),增殖过程如下图。
下列有关新型冠状病毒叙述正确的是()A.新型冠状病毒特有的碱基为胸腺嘧啶B.新型冠状病毒能够利用自身的核糖体合成蛋白质C.以“-RNA”为模板合成“+RNA”也需要RNA聚合酶D.新型冠状病毒可用含有碳源、氮源等营养物质的培养基培养6. 某药物H3Z是一种多肽类的激素,能使人对陌生人产生信赖感,有助于治疗孤独症等病症。
2020年北京市海淀区教师进修附属实验学校高三英语三模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening;simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BIn order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.One in threeUKconsumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date, but 60% of the £12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat.The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”, they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless, so they don’t damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile devices, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although they’re designed tokeep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They don’t always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.”“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.”The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing, like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality, and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.4. What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A. To improve the taste of foods.B. To improve the service of stores.C. To help supermarkets store foods.D. To help people test food freshness.5. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A. It acts as an electronic nose.B. It reads the data collected by PEGS.C. It helps print the gas sensors onto paper.D. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods.6. What does Dr. Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A. They are not completely reliable.B. They can help reduce food waste.C. They are based on scientific research.D. They are not accepted by the consumers.7. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. The process of researching spoilage sensors.B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.D. The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and consumers.CIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleasedand annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).8. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.9. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.10. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.11. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.DWhat will future schools look like in 100 years? Imagine future schools in which students are totally engaged in a class. They are concentrating on working together to solve real-world problems. They are self-driven and are coming up withamazing ideas on the spot. They are concerned with each other’s well-being as part of a team. Their concerns reach far beyond the classroom to others all over the globe.The school of the future will be an amazing melting pot of different peoples coming together to solve real-world problems.Will they even be called “schools” in the future?The teacher-student relationship is changing. Teachers are acting more as helpers rather than keepers of all knowledge. Students are driving their own education to the path that they feel best fits them. In the future, employers may not be as concerned with a diploma. They’ll look more at cases and examples of how students contribute to solving real-world problems. They’ll want to know how well they work in a team.What will problem-solving look like in the future?Information from the Internet is accessible everywhere and at unimaginable speeds. Kids are connected to news around the world in real time. Imagine someone could put out a request to the global community to help solve an issue in their own community! Classes can adopt an issue and work with other classes around the world in real time to create solutions.What will information look like in the future?It’s already everywhere. Users can get flooded by the constant flow of information. The need to understand what is true and what is not is important. The flipped classroom (翻转课堂) has already completely changed lecture-based lessons. It presents interesting content to students before they even come to class. They can access the Internet as many times as they want to review the lessons.12. What is the key message of the first paragraph?A. The things students will do in the future school.B. The situation where students will be in the future.C. The attention students will pay to in the classroom.D. The methods students will use to study in the classroom.13. What will be thought highly of when students solve real-world problems?A. Respect.B. Patience.C. Teamwork.D. Concern.14. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?A. Teachers encourage students to develop leadership.B Students are really relaxed with their heavy study.C. The employers value students’ diplomas most.D. Students have the right to choose the most suitable lessons.15. What’s the purpose of the flipped classroom?A. To help students to improve the problem-solving ability.B. To provide the lessons for students to study before or after class.C. To help students to keep in contact with the outside world.D. To help students to understand the most difficult content.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京市海淀区教师进修学校附属实验学校高三生物期末考试试题及参考答案一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 酶和A TP是细胞代谢过程中所需的两种重要的化合物,而细胞内还有与ATP结构类似的GTP、CTP和UTP等高能磷酸化合物,但A TP用途较为广泛。
下列有关叙述中错误的是A. A TP的合成常伴随放能反应,而吸能反应通常伴随A TP的水解B. UTP分子中高能磷酸键全部断裂后的产物中有某些酶的基本组成单位C. 叶肉细胞细胞质中消耗的A TP均来源于线粒体和叶绿体D. 唾液腺细胞分泌唾液淀粉酶的过程可使得ATP转化为ADP的速率加快2. 关于蛋白质分子结构和功能的叙述,正确的是()A. 氨基酸的种类由R基决定,非必需氨基酸需从外界环境中获取B. 氨基酸之间通过脱水缩合形成多肽,脱去水分子中的氢仅来自氨基C. 由氨基酸种类、数量和排列顺序都相同的肽链形成的蛋白质不一定相同D. 蛋白质的功能具有多样性,如催化、运输、储存遗传信息、传递信息等功能3. 下列关于生态系统相关的说法,正确的有几项()①食物网中某生物的位置不能被其他生物取代①当天气干旱时,草原生态系统中的动植物种类和数量一般不会有太大变化,这一事例属于恢复力稳定性①组成生物体的C、H、O、N、P、S等元素,不断在无机环境和生物群落之间进行循环的过程,叫生态系统物质循环①任何生态系统都需要不断得到来自系统外的能量补充,以便维持生态系统的正常功能①植物生长素对植物生长的调节属于生态系统的信息传递中的化学信息①信息传递对于个体、种群、群落、生态系统的稳定都有重要作用A. 一项B. 两项C. 三项D. 四项4. 人体白细胞吞噬细菌的方式属于A. 自由扩散B. 协助扩散C. 胞吞D. 胞吐5. 根据题干提供的实验材料,回答下列有关问题:(1)胡萝卜可生吃,可炖煮,还可以制作成泡菜,泡菜发酵过程中会产生亚硝酸盐,因此食用前需要检测泡菜中亚硝酸盐的含量而避免中毒,测定亚硝酸盐含量的常用方法是______________。