QueenVictoria

英国女王维多利亚与大英帝国英国女王维多利亚（Queen Victoria）是英国历史上最有影响力和最长治的君主之一。

她的统治时期被称为维多利亚时代（Victorian Era），从1837年至1901年，在她的统治下，英国经历了巨大的变革和成就，建立起大英帝国（British Empire）的荣耀。

一、维多利亚女王的登基维多利亚女王于1837年6月20日登基，时年18岁。

她是英国国王威廉四世（William IV）的侄女，继承王位后成为英国历史上第二位女王，也是维多利亚时代的开端。

二、维多利亚时代的变革1. 工业革命：维多利亚时代是英国工业革命的全盛时期。

工业技术的进步带来了机械化生产、铁路交通和大规模城市化。

2. 帝国扩张：英国在维多利亚女王统治下开始大力推行帝国扩张政策。

殖民地的建立和对外贸易的迅速发展使得大英帝国成为当时世界上最强大的帝国之一。

3. 社会改革：维多利亚女王重视社会改革，推动各种改革措施，包括教育、劳动法、妇女权益和贫穷阶层福利等方面的改革。

三、女王的个人生活1. 皇室婚姻：维多利亚女王与德国亲王阿尔伯特（Prince Albert）在1840年结婚，这场皇室婚姻是爱情婚姻的典范，夫妻俩共同育有九个孩子。

2. 丧偶与忧郁：1861年，阿尔伯特亲王去世，这对女王打击极大，她一直陷入长期的悲痛和忧郁之中，对朝政产生了一定的消极影响。

四、大英帝国的辉煌1. 扩张与殖民地：维多利亚女王的统治下，大英帝国在世界各地建立了大量的殖民地，包括印度、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非等地。

2. 文化繁荣：维多利亚时代也是英国文化的繁荣期，许多伟大的作家、艺术家和科学家在这个时期涌现出来，如狄更斯(Charles Dickens)、达尔文(Charles Darwin)、莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)等。

3. 工业与科技：维多利亚时代见证了工业技术的飞速发展，如蒸汽机、电力、电话和摄影等科技的出现对人类社会产生了深远影响。

维多利亚女王大英帝国的女王维多利亚女王：大英帝国的女王维多利亚女王（Queen Victoria）是英国历史上最长治的女王，也是维多利亚时代最为标志性的人物之一。

她的统治时期从1837年至1901年，是英国历史上一个重要的时代，被誉为“不沾染政治”的“万国压岁钱”。

一、维多利亚女王的早年生活维多利亚女王于1819年5月24日出生在肯辛顿宫。

她是父亲爱德华四世的唯一合法继承人，因此自小就备受特殊的教育。

她接受了良好的家教，在语言、音乐、绘画等方面都有很高的造诣。

二、维多利亚女王的即位历程1837年6月20日，当时18岁的维多利亚女王继承了王位，成为大英帝国的女王。

她的即位标志着维多利亚时代的开始，也是工业革命时期的重要节点。

维多利亚女王在其统治期间经历了英国工业化的高速发展，也见证了帝国的海外殖民扩张。

三、维多利亚女王的统治风格维多利亚女王统治时期相对稳定，她对政治干预并不多，因此被冠以“不沾染政治”的美誉。

她通过君主制推动了国家的稳定发展，并为大英帝国的扩张作出了积极贡献。

四、维多利亚女王的对外政策维多利亚女王时代，大英帝国经历了大规模的殖民扩张。

她积极推动英国的帝国主义政策，通过保护贸易利益、建立殖民地和扩大势力范围来加强英国在全球的影响力。

五、维多利亚女王的家庭生活维多利亚女王与德意志帝国皇帝弗里德里希三世结婚，并育有9名孩子。

她在家庭生活中扮演了温柔的母亲和贤淑的妻子的角色，对家人十分关爱。

六、维多利亚女王的文化影响维多利亚女王时代的文化繁荣，涌现出了许多重要的文学、艺术和音乐作品。

她本人也对文化艺术有着极高的兴趣，并给予了文化创作者很多的支持和鼓励。

七、维多利亚女王的晚年和影响维多利亚女王的统治持续了63年，是历史上最长时间的一个统治时期。

在她晚年时，她开始逐渐远离政治，并在1901年1月22日去世。

她的逝世标志着大英帝国维多利亚时代的结束。

维多利亚女王的统治期间，英国发生了巨大的变革，国家经济实力大幅增长，科技、文化等各个领域取得了重大进展，也为英国在世界舞台上赢得了辉煌。

创造苏格兰：作家维多利亚女王和她的如画帝国作者：陈智颖来源：《中国图书评论》2020年第07期Queen Victoria，Victoria in the Highlands： The Personal Journal of Her Majesty Queen Vic-toria， ed. David Duff. London： Frederick Muller， 1968[导读]这一有针对性的裁剪却是日记编辑亚瑟，赫尔普斯与麦格雷戈小姐的有意为之。

除检查语法、通顺语言外，删减日记中频繁出现的女王对政事处理的记载与评论以突出重点——在苏格兰惬意生活的王室一家以及与高地民众其乐融融的相处日常——正是写作者与编辑对日记内容去政治化的意图所在。

[导言] 曾经具有强烈政治含义的传统服饰与武器装备被去政治化地消解为了不再具威胁性的如画风光与引发浪漫想象可入画的高地配饰，一个深得民心的王室在苏格兰诗意生活的高地神话就此形成。

在1861年阿尔伯特亲王过世后，痛失爱夫的维多利亚女王逐渐淡出了公众视野。

7年之后，为纪念爱人，维多利亚出版了记录夫妇二人1842-1861年生活点滴的《日记留影——我们的苏格兰高地生活》（Leaves from the Journal of our Life inthe Highlands）。

女王携其私人日记的“回归”无疑给猎奇的英国民众带来了不小的惊喜。

首版的两万册在两周内便被抢购一空，[1]而加印的十万册热度亦是有增无减。

[2]110随后，维多利亚女王这位备受鼓舞的新晋作家在1883年出版的记录其1862-1882年孀居生活的《日记留影——苏格兰高地生活续篇》（MoreLeaves from the Journal of a Life in theHighlands），再次成为街头巷尾传阅的畅销之作。

使王室生活走下神坛的高地日记在民间备受热捧，而因为同样的理由却在宫廷惨遭冷遇。

沙夫茨伯里伯爵安东尼·库珀（Antony Coop-er）每逢机会便对其公开诋毁;埃尔芬斯通爵士（Howard Elphinstone）挖苦发行的首版应为简装本以讨好女王的中产阶级读者;[2]111女王的长子爱德华七世也抱怨这一举动“极不慎重”[2]ⅪV”。

维多利亚女王的故事1819年5月24日，维多利亚降生在伦敦的肯辛顿宫。

为了让孩子在英国出生，她的父母专程从巴伐利亚长途跋涉回国。

父亲爱德华王子，肯特和斯特拉森的公爵(Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1767.11.2-1820.1.23)是英王乔治三世(King George III, 1738.6.4-1820.1.29)的第四子，他对这个结实健康的头生女的降生欣喜若狂，而对母亲来说，这个女婴是个特别的孩子。

爱德华公爵的妻子是德国萨克森-科堡-萨尔费尔德的维多利亚公主(Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, 1786.8.17-1861.3.16) ，她的第一次婚姻留下两个孩子，但只有这个小女婴未来才有可能登上大英帝国的王位。

父母为她取名费尽了心机，最后定名亚历山德琳娜·维多利亚，一是表示对孩子的的俄国教父——亚历山大一世的尊敬，二是为了纪念她的母亲。

维多利亚的童年远称不上无忧无虑。

她只有8个月大时，一向健壮的父亲突患肺炎去世。

在他死前不久，一个星相家曾对他说，王室中很快会有两个人死去。

爱德华做梦也没有想到厄运会降临到自己头上。

在一次打猎中他受了风寒，从此一病不起，不久便撒手人寰，留给妻儿的只是沉重的债务。

从此家里开始节俭度日。

小维多利亚总是穿同一套衣服。

从小她就被灌输这样一种观念：女人频繁变换服饰不仅是挥霍浪费，而且是一种不良的品行。

继位为女王后，她在服饰上也一直很俭朴，王冠上价值连城的珠宝仅仅是为了显示对王权的尊重。

11岁那年，维多利亚第一次知道了怎样的辉煌前途在等待着她。

她开始学习冗长繁琐的宫廷礼仪和许许多多的行为禁忌：不许和陌生人交谈，不能在外人面前流露情感，不得破坏规矩，不许按照自己的好恶选读书籍，不许吃定量外的甜品，等等。

在她成年之前一直被迫与母亲住同一个房间，她母亲把她看管得很严，不允许接触其他的异性或者女性朋友，所以她的童年和青春期比较孤单乏味的。

维多利亚女王英语作文Queen Victoria, also known as the Empress of India, was the longest reigning monarch in British history. She ruled from 1837 until her death in 1901, a period known as the Victorian era. She was known for her strong sense of duty, her strict moral code, and her dedication to her role as queen.During her reign, Queen Victoria oversaw a period of great change and innovation in Britain. The Industrial Revolution transformed the country, leading to rapid urbanization and technological advancements. Victoria supported many of these changes, but also sought to maintain traditional values and institutions.One of Queen Victoria's most enduring legacies is the British Empire. Under her rule, the empire expanded to its greatest extent, with colonies and territories around the world. Victoria was crowned Empress of India in 1876, cementing Britain's control over the subcontinent.Despite her powerful position, Queen Victoria also faced personal challenges. She experienced great sorrow when herbeloved husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861. Victoria went into a period of deep mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. Despite this loss, she continued to fulfill her duties as queen and remained a respected figure in British society.Queen Victoria's reign was marked by both triumphs and tragedies, but she is remembered as a strong andinfluential leader who helped shape the modern world. Her legacy lives on in the many institutions and traditionsthat bear her name, and she remains a symbol of British strength and endurance.维多利亚女王，又称印度女皇，是英国历史上统治时间最长的君主。

第三大题Chapter?21.WhatwereQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustria lization,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowthoftradeandcommerce.Duringherreign,Britaindevelopedin toanempireincluding aboutaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.2.WhatwerethetwocampsinWorldWarⅠ?InWorldⅠthetwocampsweretheCentralPowers-mainlyGermany,Austria-Hungary,TurkeyandtheAllie s-mainlyFrance,GreatBritain,Russia,Italyandfrom1917,theUnitedStates.3.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?BritaincooperatedcloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡsincetheywerealliedduringWorldWa rⅡandsharedthesameconcernsabouttheSovietUnion.Chapter?51.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?Grammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,w hereasvocationalschoolsweretohelpthelesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.2.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritishcomprehensiveschoolsprovide?Britishcomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliterature andscience,andmorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.3.InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhi chstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.4.WhatroledoesthemediaplayinBritishleisureculture?ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritainleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determ inepeop le’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment. Chapter?101.What?are?the?two?characteristics?of?the?U.S.?constitution???One?is?“checks?and?balances”,?the?other?is?that?the?power?of?the?federal?government?and?of the?state?governments?are?specifiedintheConstitution.??2.What?are?the?qualifications?for?a?senator?and?a?representative?respectively???A?senator?must?be?over?30?years?old,a?U.S.?citizen?for?at?least?nine?years,?and?a?resident?in?the?state?which?they?represent?.?A?representative?should?be?at?least?25?years?old?and?a?U.S.?citizen?for?no?less?than?seven?years.??3.What?are?the?major?powers?of?the?supreme??court???a)to?interpret?lawsb)?to?hear?appeals?from?any?federal?court?cases;?c)to?hear?appeals?from?state?court?cases?that?involve?the?constitution?or?national?laws??d)maydeclare?a?law?unconstitutional??e)?may?declare?a?presidential?act?unconstitutional.??4.What?is?the?difference?between?the?democrats?and?the?republicans?in?terms?of?political?opinions?Generally?speaking,theDemocratsPartyhasaliberalideology,whiletheRepublicansPartyismorecons ervative.The?democrats?want?the?government?to?play?an?important?role?in?the?economy?and?emphasize?full?employment?as?a?matter?of?national?concern??they?favor?civil?rights?laws?,?a?s trong?social?security??system?which?gives?enterprises?a?greater?freedom?and?demand?that?the ?government?control?inflation.?They?stress?the?need?for?law?and?order,?and?oppose?complete?government?social?programs?and?free?choice?of?abortion??they?also?favor?a??strong??military?posture?and?assertive?stand?in?international?relations.?Chapter?11?1.What?industry?developments?took?place?during?the?colonial?period?of?America??During?the?colonial?period?,the?secondary?industries?developed?as?the?colonies?grew?.?a?va riety?of?specialized?sawmills?and?gristmills?appeared.?Colonists?established?shipyards?to?build?f ishing?fleets?and?trading?vessels?.?they?also?built?small?iron?forges?.?by?the?18th?century?,?re gional?patterns?of?development?in?America?had?become?clear.??2.How?did?the?civil?war?affect?the?American?economy???After?the?civil?war?,?the?large?southern?cotton?plantations?became?much?less?profitable?.?no rthern?industries?,?which?had?expanded?rapidly?because?of?the?demands?of?the?war?,surged?a head.??3.Why?does?America?try?to?reduce?trade?barriers???Because?the?united?states?has?increasingly?realized?that?open?bilateral?trade?will?not?only?ad vance?its?own?economic?interests,?but?also?enhance?domestic?stability?and?its?peaceful?relations hip?with?other?nations.?Chapter?12??1.How?does?an?American?university?choose?its?applicants???a)their?high?school?records;?b)?recommendations?from?their?high?school?teachers;?c)?the?impression?they?make?during?interviews?at?the?university;d)?their?scores?on?the?SAT.???2.What?functions?do?American?higher?education?institutions?perform???Higher?education?institutions?in?the?united?states?have?three?functions:?teaching?,?research?and?public?service?,?and?each?has?its?own?emphasis?with?regard?to?its?function?.??3.What?similarities?do?four?famous?university?share???They?all?have?a?long?history?,?they?all?have?an?excellent?faculty?,?a?large?number?of?studen ts?and?have?made?extensive?academic?achievements.?Some?of?their?graduates?are?very?success ful?or?influential?in?some?areas?such?as?politics,?arts?and?business.?4.What?are?the?origins?of?thanksgiving?day???Thanksgiving?is?associated?with?the?time?when?Europeans?first?came?to?the?new?world?,?in?1620,the?mayflower?arrived?and?brought?about?150?pilgrims.?Life?at?the?beginning?was?very?h ard?and?there?was?not?enough?food?,?so?many?of?them?died.?During?the?following?summer?t he?native?America?helped?them?and?then?they?had?a?bountiful?harvest.?So?they?held?a?big?ce lebration?to?thank?god?and?the?native?Americans.???第四大题Chapter?21.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,itsindustrialproductivityincreaseddramati cally.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Ma nynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesinthesocialclassstructure.Thecapitalistclassbecamet hemostimportantforceinthecountryandtheproletariatclassemerged.2.ExplaintheriseandfalloftheBritishEmpire.ColonizationofNewfoundlandin1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,Britainhadbe enanempirewhichincludethecoloniesinCanada,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Duringthe mid-19th century,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.Bytheendofthe19th century,theBritishEmpireincludedaboutaquarterofthegl obalpopulationandaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.BeforeWorldWarⅠ,Britainwasthelargestcoloniale mpireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedagreatlossofitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhauste ditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scolonies gainedindependenceasares ultofWorldWarⅡ,whichinevitablyledtofalloftheBritishEmpire.Chapter?51.WhatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritain’sindependentschools?Britain’sindependentschoolsrequirefeesfromstudents.AlthoughtheNationalCurriculumisoptionalint heindependentsystem,mostindependentschoolsteachwhatthecurriculumdemands.Independentschoo lsgettheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectoraswellastuitionfees,withminimalgovernmentassistance.Sinc ethearegenerallybetterfundedthanmoststateschools,theyarelikelytorecruitthebestteachersandprovid esuperiorfacilities.However,thehightuitionfeeshavebecomeanobstacleformanystudentstoenrollalthou ghgraduatesofindependentschoolsaremorelikelytobeacceptedbyfamousuniversities.2.Whatarethe“qualitypress”andthe“tabloids”inBritain?Amongthe10dailynational newspapersinBritain,abouthalfofthemareregardedasthe“qualitypress”sin cetheycarryin-deptharticlesofpoliticalandsocialimportance,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabout‘highcultur e”,andtheyaregenerallyreadbywell-educatedpeople.TheTimes,TheGuardianandTheDailyTelegraphareg oodexamples.The“tabloids”,withcolorphotosandstrikingheadlines,usuallycoverscandalsandgossipabou tcelebrities.AtypicalexampleisTheSunonSunday.Chapter?10?1.How?is?the?American?President?voted?into?office??What?are?your?ideas?about?the?American?election???Each?party?holds?its?national?convention?every?four?years?to?choose?a?candidate?for?preside ncy.To?win?a?presidential?election,a?candidate?has?to?spend?millions?of?dollars,travel?all?over?th e?country?to?make?speeches?and?debate?on?television?with?the?rival.The?general?election?is?te chnically?divided?into?two?stages.During?the?first?stage,presidential?electors?for?each?state?will?be?chosen.In?the?second?stage?the?electors?meet?and?vote?a?President.Since?the?second?stage ?is?only?a?kind?of?formality,everyone?knows?who?will?be?the?next?President?an?soon?as?the?fir st?stage?is?over.??I?think?the?candidates?spend?too?much?money?on?the?electoral?campaigns.And,?the?election ?cannot?solve?the?social?and?economic?problems?of?the?U.S.?as?some?candidates?do?not?keep?t heir?word?after?they?become?President.??2.What?was?President?Eisenhowers?foreign?policy?and?what?were?the?consequences??? Chapter?11?1.How?did?the?U.S?constitution?lay?the?groundwork?for?American’s?economic?development???2.Cite?examples?to?illustrate?the?role?of?government?intervention?in?America's?economic?development.??The?government?has?always?played?an?active?and?important?role?in?America’s?economic?dev elopment.In?the?early?1930s,thr?United?States?suffered?the?worst?economic?depression?in?Amer ican?history.President?Roosevelt?introduced?the?New?Deal?to?tackle?the?financial?crisis.Besides,h e?set?up?the?New?York?State?Emergency?Relief?Commission?to?help?those?in?desperate?need?a nd?tried?to?relieve?the?serious?problems?of?the?jobless.At?the?end?of?1970s,?the?American?eco nomy?again?suffered?a?recession.The?Reagan?administration?combated?inflation?by?controlling?g overnment?spending?deficit,cutting?taxes?and?raising?interest?rates.Both?policies?mentioned?abo ve?helped?to?set?the?country’s?economic?development?on?its?ri ght?course,In?all,the?interventio n?of?the?government?has?ensured?that?economic?opportunities?are?fair?and?accessible?to?the?people.It?has?prevented?flagrant?abuses?of?the?system,dampened?the?effects?of?inflation?and?stimulated?economic?growth.?Chapter?12?1.What?are?the?ideals?that?guide?the?American?educational?system??The?first?ideal?is?that?as?many?people?as?possible?should?receive?as?much?education?as?pos sible?.The?second?ideal?is?that?of?ptoducing?a?society?that?is?totally?literate?and?of?local?contr ol?.?The?third?ideal?is?that?scholars?and?students?should?work?to?discover?new?information?or ?conceive?new?ways?to?understand?what?is?already?known?.?2.How?does?America?carry?out?multicultural?education???American?schools?routinely?teach?the?experiences?and?values?of?many?ethnic?cultures.Curren t?textbooks?incorporate?a?variety?of?ethnic?individuals?who?have?achieved?success.Struggle?for?equality?are?vividly?depicted,and?past?racism?is?bluntly?acknowledged.Cultural?pluralism?is?now?generally?recognized?as?the?organizing?principle?of?education.Schools?at?all?levels?offer?student s?opportunities?to?learn?about?different?cultures.?。

世界历史上的重要人物英国女王维多利亚的时代维多利亚女王（Queen Victoria）是英国历史上一位伟大而具有重要影响力的君主。

她的时代，即维多利亚时代（Victoria era），持续了整整六十三年，成为英国历史上最长的君主统治时代。

在这段时间里，维多利亚女王的领导力、决策力以及个人魅力塑造了整个英国的政治、经济和社会发展。

一、背景维多利亚女王于1819年5月24日出生在伦敦肯辛顿宫，是父亲爱德华四世的唯一女儿。

1840年，她与德国的奥古斯都亲王（Prince Albert）结婚，这段婚姻也被视为对英国历史产生深远影响的重要一环。

二、国内政治改革维多利亚女王即位时，英国正处于政治改革的关键时期。

工业革命的兴起导致了社会结构的变化和阶级矛盾的加剧。

作为君主，维多利亚女王采取了一系列政治改革措施，以维持王室的权威，并平衡社会不稳定。

首先，维多利亚女王与她的首相罗伯特·皮尔（Robert Peel）一起推动了一系列关键的政治改革法案。

其中包括《1832年改革法案》（Reform Act 1832），该法案扩大了选举人群体，使更多的人有参与政治的机会。

另一项重要的法案是《1867年改革法案》（Reform Act 1867），该法案进一步扩大了中产阶级的选举权。

此外，维多利亚女王还致力于改革英国的司法体系。

她支持建立了更加公正和高效的法院系统，并高度关注底层社会的法律保护问题。

她的努力使得英国法律体系更加完善，并为后世奠定了坚实的基础。

三、经济繁荣与帝国建设维多利亚女王时代是英国经济快速发展和帝国建设的时期。

工业革命带来了前所未有的经济繁荣，英国迅速成为世界上第一个工业化国家。

这一时期的英国在技术、贸易、军事和殖民地建设方面都取得了巨大的成就。

维多利亚女王的丈夫奥古斯都亲王在经济领域发挥了重要作用。

他主导了《1851年伦敦世界博览会》（The Great Exhibition of 1851），展示了英国工业与技术的领先地位，进一步推动了工业化进程。

Unit 1 Women of achievement Period 4 Using Language课后阅读作业Ⅰ. 阅读理解AQueen Victoria was monarch of Great Britain from 1837 until herdeath in 1901. This period is often called the Victorian Age.Queen Victoria was a stern and serious woman. One reason she wasso serious was that she had suffered a great loss. When she was twentyyears old, she married a German prince named Albert. Victoria and Albert were deeply in love, and their marriage was extremely happy. In 1861, after they had been married for twenty-one years, Albert died, leaving Queen Victoria heartbroken. For the rest of her life, the lonely Victoria mourned his loss. It was customary in those days for a widow to dress in black for a short time after the death of her husband. But Queen Victoria dressed in black for forty years. And for forty years, as another sign of her grief, she wrote her letters on white paper edged in black.Even before Prince Albert died, Queen Victoria was known as a very serious woman. She had a strong sense of duty and worked very hard at all her tasks. In her diary she wrote, “I love to be employed; I hate to be idle. ”She never forgot that she was Britain’s queen and always acted with great dignity(尊严). Victoria had high ideals and moral standards(道德标准)that sometimes made her seem stuffy(古板的).She was also very sure of herself. She always thought that she was right, and expected everyone to agree with her.【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了维多利亚女王的故事。

维多利亚女王英语作文Hello everyone, today let's talk about Queen Victoria! She was one of the most famous queens in British history.Queen Victoria showed an extraordinary personality from a young age. Although not particularly beautiful, she was very confident. Once, a nobleman told her, "Your eyes are so small!" Victoria wittily replied, "Yes, but they are big enough to see your rudeness!" Haha, the queen's wit shut the nobleman up.After ascending the throne, Britain entered the prosperous Victorian era. She was very diligent, dealing with piles of state affairs every day. An amusing story is that once when her husband Prince Albert saw her working, he joked, "My dear, your nose is going to turn into a pelican's beak!" Victoria stuck her tongue out at him and they both burst into laughter.Queen Victoria was also quite a character. She loved wearing bright colorful dresses and always put on heavy makeup when going out. Herattendants privately called her the "Painted Queen"! Her passion for fashion was simply a "clothing obsession."Although eccentric, Queen Victoria was indeed a remarkable monarch. Under her reign, Britain became the most powerful country at the time. Her governing style was somewhat autocratic, but she was instrumental to Britain's development. So Queen Victoria was absolutely one of the greatest queens of Britain!大家好,今天我们来聊聊维多利亚女王吧!她可是英国历史上最著名的女王之一哦。

Victoria (queen)I INTRODUCTIONVictoria (queen) (1819-1901), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and empress of India (1876-1901). Her reign was the longest of any monarch in British history and came to be known as the Victorian era.Queen Victoria was the official head of state not only of the United Kingdom but also of the growing worldwide British Empire, which included Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand, and large parts of Africa. As the personal embodiment of her kingdom, Victoria was eager to ensure that her country was held in high esteem throughout the world as an economically and militarily powerful state and as a model of civilization. Victoria brought to the British monarchy such 19th-century ideals as a devoted family life, earnestness, public and private respectability, and obedience to the law. During the later years of her reign, the monarchy attained a high degree of popularity among most of its subjects.II CHILDHOODQueen Victoria was born Alexandrina Victoria on May 24, 1819, in Kensington Palace, London. Her parents were Victoria Mary Louisa, daughter of the duke of the German principality of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern, the fourth son of King George III of Great Britain. When Victoria was eight months old, her father died. Victoria’s mother raised her in Kensington Palace with the help of German governesses, private English tutors, and Victoria’s uncle, Prince Leopold (who in 1831 became King Leopold I of Belgium). Victoria learned to speak and write French and German as readily as English. She also studied history, geography, and the Bible. She was taught how to play the piano and learned how to paint, a hobby that she enjoyed into her 60s. Because Victoria’s uncle, King William IV, had no legitimate children, Victoria became heir apparent to the British crown upon his accession in 1830. On June 20, 1837, with the death of William IV, she became queen at the age of 18.III EARL Y REIGNImmediately after becoming queen, Victoria began regular meetings with William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, the British prime minister at the time. The two grew very close, and Melbourne taught Victoria how the British government worked on a day-to-day basis.Britain in the 19th century was a constitutional monarchy, and the king or queen ruled through ministers who were members of, and required the support of, the British Parliament. This meant that the monarch had some influence in government, but not a great deal of real power. In the course of her reign, Queen Victoria played a role in appointing some cabinet ministers (and even a prime minister), as well as particular ambassadors and bishops of the Church of England, and she consulted regularly with her prime ministers by letter and in person. In private, Victoria was never afraid to speak her mind. Much of her time, however, was devoted to ceremonial activities such as the official opening and closing of each year’s session of Parliament.Victoria was very fond of Melbourne, and because he was the leader of the Whig Party (which later became the Liberal Party), Victoria began publicly to support the Whigs rather than the opposition party, the Tories (later the Conservative Party). The Whigs were sympathetic to freedom of speech and of the press and favored greater religious liberty for those people who did not belong to the official Church of England. The Tories were more concerned with maintaining the country’s established institutions and with making no further legal conces sions to religious minorities.The young queen hoped that the Whigs would continue to keep a majority of seats in the House of Commons(the lower house of the British Parliament) so that Melbourne could remain prime minister. When it appeared in 1839 that he might have to give up the post, the queen successfully used her influence to keep him. In the so-called Bedchamber Crisis, she refused to allow Tory leader Sir Robert Peel to change the ladies-in-waiting of her court, all of whom were Whig sympathizers. Peel then felt unable to form a government, and Melbourne continued as prime minister for two more years. A general election in 1841 resulted in a majority of Tory party members in the House of Commons, however, and Victoria was compelled to accept Peel as prime minister.IV MARRIED LIFEIn 1839 Victoria fell in love with her first cousin, Prince Albert, of the small German principality of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. They were married in February 1840, and Albert soon developed a keen interest in the government of his new country. Albert was an unusually studious and serious young man, and he served as his wife’s private secretary. He was an active patron of the arts and sciences, and he was the prime organizer of the Great Exhibition of 1851, the first true wor ld's fair, which was held in the Crystal Palace in London’s Hyde Park. Albert also favored the expansion of education, and he served as chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He became a great champion of the strengthening and modernizing of Britain's armed forces. Though Albert was respected by most of his new countrymen, he was not loved; many resented him because he was a foreigner, and his heavy German accent did not help.A The Royal FamilyFor Victoria, however, Albert represented perfection, and the two were very happy together. The royal couple offered an example of family life that contrasted sharply with the images of previous British monarchs. Between 1840 and 1857, Victoria and Albert had nine children. They took an intense personal interest in the upbringing of their children, and they did not leave them solely in the care of nannies and governesses. They increasingly enjoyed a private family life, particularly at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight and Balmoral Castle in Scotland, both of t hem rebuilt on the basis of Albert’s designs.B Early Victorian PoliticsThe royal couple took a sympathetic interest in the efforts of Sir Robert Peel in 1846 to abolish the Corn Laws (acts of Parliament that protected landlords and farmers against foreign competition) and to lead Britain toward international free trade, but in the process he divided his Conservative Party. During the 1850s, with the two-party tradition in temporary disarray, the influence of the monarchy on the formation of ministries reached a 19th-century highpoint. In 1851 royal initiative led to the dismissal of the popular Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, from his post as foreign secretary. He had failed too often to consult the queen before sending dispatches to British diplomats abroad.Although Victoria and Albert were initially unhappy with the manner in which their country drifted into the Crimean War (1853-1856) against Russia, they became enthusiastic supporters of the conflict once fighting had begun, and in 1855 Victoria appointed Palmerston as wartime prime minister. The queen personally instituted the Victoria Cross as the highest British award for wartime valor.V WIDOWHOODQueen Victoria never truly recovered from Albert’s death in December 1861 at the age of 42. For almost a decade she remained in strict mourning. She rarely set foot in London, and she avoided most public occasions, including the state opening of Parliament. She made an exception, however, for the unveiling of statuesdedicated to Prince Albert and, after a few years, for attendance at army reviews.Behind the scenes, she continued to correspond with and talk to her ministers, and she took comfort in the company of her favorite servant, a Scottish Highlander named John Brown. By the late 1860s, the queen’s absence from the public stage caused her popularity to decline, and there was talk of replacing the monarchy with a republic. In the course of the later 1870s and the 1880s, she gradually returned to the public arena, and her popularity rose once more.A Late Victorian PoliticsAlthough in her youth she had been known as the “Queen of the Whigs,” in the course of the later 1860s and 1870s she came to prefer Benjamin Disraeli, the leader of the Conservative Party, to William Ewart Gladstone, the leader of the Liberal Party. Disraeli impressed Victoria as being more concerned with Britain's international prestige and with the strengthening of its empire. She strongly supported Disraeli's government from 1874 to 1880. In 1876, when Parliament made her empress of India, she showed her gratitude to Disraeli by opening Parliament in person and by creating him earl of Beaconsfield.When Disraeli's government was defeated in the general election of 1880, Victoria made little secret of her disappointment in being compelled to name Gladstone prime minister for a second time. Gladstone impressed her as too much a popular demagogue and too ready to tamper with the kingdom's institutions. When in 1866 he proposed home rule (domestic self-government) for Ireland, the queen felt that he was undermining the British Empire. Despite Victoria’s dislike, Gladstone continued to treat the queen with courteous respect.During the last 15 years of her reign, the Conservatives dominated Britain’s government most of the time under prime minister Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. Victoria was sympathetic to Salisbury’s views on foreign affairs and the empire. She strongly supported her government’s involvement in the Boer War (1899-1902) in South Africa, even though the anxieties of the struggle and the criticism that Britain received from other European powers took their toll on the queen.B The Grandmother of EuropeDuring the years after Albert’s death, the queen remained concerned wi th her ever-growing family. All nine of her children married, and eight of them had children of their own. Some of Victoria’s children and grandchildren eventually married the heirs to thrones of Spain, Russia, Sweden, Norway, and Romania. Because of her many descendents, Victoria became known as the “Grandmother of Europe.”The most important of these marriages occurred when Victoria’s eldest child, also named Victoria, was married at age 17 to Crown Prince Frederick, the heir to the kingdom of Prussia (and, as of 1871, the German Empire). Victoria and Albert had hoped that the marriage would strengthen the bonds of Anglo-German understanding and would help transform Prussia into a constitutional monarchy like that of Britain. In the long run their hopes w ere disappointed as Frederick’s son (and the queen’s oldest grandchild) went on, as Emperor William II of Germany, to lead the anti-British coalition during World War I (1914-1918).By the 1880s Victoria had again become the popular symbol of dutiful public service. She appeared in public more often. Excerpts from her private journals that she published in 1868 and 1884 helped to humanize her in the eyes of her subjects. Her personal identification with late-19th-century empire building and the sheer length of her reign also enhanced her popularity. In 1887 her Golden Jubilee, the 50th anniversary of her accession to the throne, was celebrated with great enthusiasm. The Diamond Jubilee of 1897 brought representatives of all the different parts of the British Empire to London and led to the first meeting of the prime ministers of Britain’s colonies; it was then that Victoria’s popularity reached its peak. Four years later, after a reign of 63 years, shedied on January 22, 1901, in Osborne House.VI CONCLUSIONSThe length of Queen Victoria’s reign gave an impression of continuity to what was actually a period of dynamic change as Britain grew to become a powerful industrialized trading nation. The queen sympathized with some of these changes—such as the camera, the railroad, and the use of anesthetics in childbirth. She felt doubtful about others, however, such as giving the vote to many more people, establishing tax-supported schools, and allowing women into professions such as medicine. During her reign, the popularity of the British monarchy underwent both ups and downs but ultimately increased. Victoria was important because she brought morality, good manners, and a devotion to hard work to her role as constitutional monarch. She took pride in her role as formal head of the world’s largest multiracial and multireligious empire, and her honesty, patriotism, and devotion to family life made the queen an appropriate symbol of the Victorian era.。