高考语法专题14强调句和省略句.
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强调句③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式It is (was) + 被强调部分+that(who)…句式基本特征:Is/ Was it +被强调部分+that…;或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronautssucceeded _______ landing on the moon ?A. when; onB. that; onC. when; inD.that; in②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you haddinner with me yesterday ______ you lost yourhandbag?A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征:特殊疑问词+is/was it that…?或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+that…—_______is it _______has made Peter _______heis today?—Determination.A. What; that; thatB. That; that; whatC. What; what; thatD. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征:It is/was+被强调部分+that…,isn’t/ wasn’t it?It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old manto the hospital, ______?A. do theyB. didn’t theyC. wasn’t itD.was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
会考复习——倒装句、强调句、省略句I 倒装英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常⼗分固定。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前⾯,这就叫做倒装。
将谓语动词完全移⾄主语之前,称为完全倒装;如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。
⼀、全部倒装1.以here, there, now,then开头的句⼦,谓语动词要放在句⼦的主语之前。
这种句⼦中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如:Here comes the train!There goes the bell!注意:如果句⼦的主语是⼈称代词,则不能使⽤倒装结构。
如:Here it comes!/There it goes!2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语。
这时,为了使句⼦更形象,常将这些副词提前到句⾸。
这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句⼦主语的前⾯,构成全部倒装。
(注意,这时句⼦的主语也必须是名词。
如果是⼈称代词,也不能使⽤倒装结构。
)如:Up went the rocket.Up it went.3.为了强调表⽰地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句⾸,构成全部倒装。
注意,这时句⼦的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句⾸,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句⼦要⽤全部倒装。
如:Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5. There be 句型在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中,主语在谓语be动词后⾯,因此这是倒装。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有⼀个⼿机和⼀些书。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square. ⼴场上聚集着成千上万的⼈。
高考语法专题辅导-特殊句式[强调、替代、省略和倒装]【专题九】特殊句式(强调、替代、省略和倒装)【考点分析】强调句1.强调句型用于强调陈述句;2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;4.强调句型用于强调not…until…句型;5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合考查。
替代1.do/does/did替代动词;2.so和not分别代替肯定和否定的从句.省略1.主语的省略;2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略;3.宾语的省略;4.不定式的省略;5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省略;6.虚拟条件句中if的省略。
倒装句1.部分倒装;2.完全倒装3.常考的几个重要句型:So +be/情态/助动词+主语Neither+be/情态/助动词+主语So +adj/adv …+that …Neither …, nor …Not only …, but also …Not until …【知识点归纳】为了表达说话人强烈的感情色彩或达到语法结构的需要,常采用强调。
应用中,强调常通过强调结构、语法性倒装、修辞性倒装等来体现。
作为修辞手段,省略和替代能使语句简练、紧凑,但往往给学生的理解和选择造成一定的障碍。
在近几年的高考题中省略和替代现象时有出现,而且出错率较高,原因是因为大多数考生对省略和替代的规律不明了。
请注意下面的说明。
I.强调句1.It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语),常用强调结构:It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语。
原始句:Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语:It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语:It was a fiml that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语:It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语:It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.一般讲,原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态,用It is…that (who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态,则用It was… that(who)…。
高考英语语法必考考点(14)特殊句型(含解析)预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制2019年高考英语语法必考考点(14):特殊句型含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、倒装“倒装句”从结构上看有完全倒装和部分倒装两种。
谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作完全倒装;只将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的称作部分倒装。
从实际使用看,倒装有两种功能作用:一是出于语法要求的语法倒装;二是出于修辞或强调需要的修辞倒装。
(一)完全倒装1. 表示方式或方位的副词与介词短语等置于句首时。
常见的有:there, here, in, out, away, up, down, from, off, back, over, then, now, so, thus, in the room, on the wall 等。
There exist different opinions on this question.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.*当主语为代词时主谓不倒装。
试比较:Out rushed the children.Out they rushed.2. such置于句首时。
Such are the facts, and no one can deny them.3. 表语置于句首时。
Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy.(二)部分倒装1. 当only放在句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句。
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.*only后面接句子主语时,不需要用倒装句式。
Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.(2012·上海高考)2. 否定副词或词组not, nor, never, hardly, rarely, few, seldom, little, neither, by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time置于句首时。
特殊句式在写作中的运用之强调句、省略句、全部倒装写作是需要刻意练习的。
想要在这个占全卷总分近17%(旧高考)或27%(新高考)的大题型上有所突破,除了做到“紧扣主题,基本覆盖所有要点,多数句子基本正确,基本达到预期写作目的”之外,还需要“语法结构多样,词汇丰富,句型句式精彩”。
事实上在能写对句子的前提下,恰当适量运用高级词汇和多样化的句式表达,那么达到优秀还是大有可为的。
特殊句式之强调句在写作中的运用:句式:It is / was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ that + 其他强调句微写作练习:1.正是王老师挖掘出了我最好的一面。
(人物介绍话题写作;感谢信)2.我们谴责的正是这些不文明行为。
(倡议书)3.正是参观了这个展览,我才意识到垃圾分类的重要性。
(环保话题写作)4.就是在你的帮助下,我的英语口语才取得了极大的进步。
(感谢信)5.我就是在哈尔滨学会了滑雪。
(记叙文)6.就是这样做,我们才能减少环境污染。
(倡议书;建议信)强调句微写作参考答案:1.It was Miss Wang that/who brought my best out.2.It is these bad behaviors that we are supposed to blame.3.It was not until I saw the exhibition that I realized the importance of garbage classification.4.It was because you helped me that I made great progress in oral English. [= It was with your help that I ....]5.It was in Harbin that I learned skiing.6.It is in this way that we can reduce environmental pollution. [= It is by doing like this that we can ....]省略句微写作练习:1.2022冬奥会如期在北京召开了。
专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:It is / was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语+that / who(当强调主语且主语指人+其他部分。
It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词+is / was +it +that / who +其他部分?When and where was it that you were born?I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调宾语:It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...,其余的时态用It is...二、not...until...句型的强调句1.句型为:It is / was not until +被强调部分+that +其他部分It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意:此句型只用until,不用till。
但如果不是强调句型,till和until可通用。
因为句型中It is / was not...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。
三、谓语动词的强调1.It is / was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do / does 或did。
Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意:此种强调只用do / does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。
省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。
省略可分以下几种情况:一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。
其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。
(I Thank you for your help.(I See you tomorrow.(It Doesn't matter.2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
(There is No smoking.(Is there Anything wrong?Why (do you not say hello to him?3.不定式的省略(1使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.2mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love...等后面接不定式作宾语时,省略作宾语的不定式。
只保留不定式符号to, 但如果该宾语是动词be 或完成时态的不定式时,则需在to后加上be 或have。
—Are you going there?—Yes, I'd like to (go there.—Are you an engineer?—No, but I want to be (an engineer.3tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab.4两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时,第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。
但如表示对比(照等,则不省略to。
Her job is to take care of the children and (to wash clothes. It's better to laugh than to cry.5主(宾语补足语中的to be 往往省略。
He was thought (to be the cleverest boy in the group.6特殊结构中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do but, can't help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。
He would sooner die than surrender.I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.7主语部分有一个表“做”的do 的各种形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。
What I really want to do is (to go to the cinema.4.省略表语—Are you thirsty?—Yes, I am (thirsty.5.同时省略几个成分Let's meet at the same place as (we met yesterday.—Have you finished your work?—(I have Not (finished my work yet.二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies at high school.三、主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些成分被省略。
(I'm Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a Pity that he missed such a good chance.2.从句的省略(1宾语从句以which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时,可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也省略,仅保留一个wh-词。
She will go to Beijing, but I don't know when (she will go to Beijing.(2状语从句在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果主语与主句主语一致,或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。
常见的有以下几种:时间状语从句:Be careful when (you are crossing the street.条件状语从句:He won't go to the party unless (he is invited.比较状语从句:Country music today remains much the same as (it was before.让步状语从句:Whether (it is right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意:though和as 引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。
从句倒装时,如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a / an须省略。
Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.=Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.注意:有些由if 构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so 等。
If necessary, ring me at home.—He may be busy.—If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now?(3修饰名词way 的限制性定语从句常省略in which或that。
Is this way you talk to your parents?(4强调句It is / was...that...,当强调疑问句时,that 常可省略。
Why was it (that you were ten minutes late?用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。
—Is he coming back tonight?—I think so.—Is he feeling better today?—I'm afraid not.这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。