英语国家概况课本历年大事件总结

UKThe geographical names for the UK are the British Isles, Great Britain, England.On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions-England, Scotland, and Wales.At present, there are 50 member countries within the commonwealth(1991).The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and North Sea in the east.The Celts began to arrive about 700B.C.In the mid-5th century, a new wave of Teutonic invaders came to Britain. The three tribes were Jutes, Saxons, Angles.Jutes, Angles and Saxons from northern Europe started to invade England in the mid-5th century.The small kingdoms of Essex, Sussex and Wessex in the southwest of Britain were established by the Saxons in the 5th century.The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.The battle between English troops led by Harold and the Norman troops led by William was fought at Hastings in 1066.The Celts arrived in Britain between 600BC-150BC.Julius Caesar led his army and invaded England in 55BC.For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation.Christianity was brought to Britain by St. Augustine in 597.The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries gained the upper hand in 664.The Norman leader William established the Norman rule in England in 1066.The English language was introduced into England by the Anglo-Saxons who started to invade England in the mid-5th century. According to historical record, it appeared that in 1086 about half of the cultivated land in England was in the hands of 170 tenants-in chief.The Great Charter was signed in 1215 and had 63 clauses.The Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted from 1337 to 1453.The Hundred Years' War could be divided into three outstanding stages.Black Death reduced England's population from 4 million to 2 million by the end of the 14th century.Black Death, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas, spread though Europe in the 14th century.The Black Death swept through England on the summer of 1348 without warning.Elizabeth I came to the throne when she was 25 and then she reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years.The Armada was defeated by England in 1588.The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 14 century.England and Scotland was officially united into Great Britain by the Act of Union of 1707.In 1707, the name Great Britain came into being.In England, the Renaissance was usually thought of as beginning with the accession of the House of Tudor to the throne in 1485. Traditional farming involved the open field village, a system that dated back to the 5th century.The open field system lasted till 18th century.By the early 19th century, Britain had a rod network of some 125000 miles.In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Radicals in the Parliament were greatly influenced by ideals of Jeremy Bentham known as “Utilitarianism”.The Chartist Movement was officially launched at a great 1838 meeting in Birmingham, with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People's Charter.In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before 1918.V otes were granted to English women in the same terms as men after World War I.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 1914, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.Queen Elizabeth II was born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953.The foundation of the welfare state of Britain was laid during the years immediately after World War II.The 1960s were known as the Swinging Sixties, the permissive age in Britain.In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast. The British monarchy can be traced back to at least the 9th century.Either the Conservative Party or the Labor Party has held power since 1945 in Britain.Sovereign's birthday is officially celebrated in June every year by Trooping the Color on Horse Guards Parade.The Houses of Parliament were rebuilt between 1835 and 1857 to the design of Sir Charles Barry after having been destroyed by fire. The House of Commons in the U.K. Consist of 651 Members of Parliament.In Great Britain, almost 80% of medical prescription items are supplied free.The first women priests of Church of England were ordained in March 1994.The position of the Church of Scotland was defined in the Treaty of Union, 1707, and further safeguarded by the Church of Scotland Act, 1921.Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973.The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based at first on Acts of Parliament.There are nine public holidays in Great Britain, such as New Year's Day, Bank Holiday, Boxing Day, etc.In Britain education is compulsory and free for all between the ages of 5 and 16.About 90% of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensive school.First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last 3 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.In Britain, medical and veterinary courses normally require five years.There are some 90 universities in UK, including the Open University.There are about 130 daily and Sunday newspapers published in Britain.The professional football season runs from August until May in U.K.Soccer has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century.The home of golf is Scotland where the game has been played since the 17th century.The University Boat Race, between eight-oared crew from Oxford and Cambridge, has been rowed on the Thames almost every spring. Pantomime is a kind of play based on a traditional fairy tale and performed at Christmas time.IrelandThe Republic of Ireland's border with Northern Ireland is 434km.The population of Ireland in 1990 was estimated at 3.5 million, and was expected to reach 4 million by 2000.Migration in Ireland declined sharply after the establishment of the Irish Free State.The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 established an Irish Free State.The creation of Northern Ireland dates from 1921 when the Irish Free State was set up.Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949.The first census of Ireland began in 1821.Eire became the Republic of Ireland in April 1949.The name of the country was officially changed to Ireland in 1937.Today 93% of the Irish population are Roman Catholics.USAThe United Stated had a more or less open-door policy to immigration from independence until the 1960s.By the year of 2050, American population is expected to climb to 383 million.The biggest city in America is New York with a population of 18 million (in 1990).The United States has less than 6% of the world's population; yet it produces about 25% of the total world output.The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.The first Negro slaves were brought to Virginia in 1619.Between 1607 and 1773, the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783 which recognized the independence of the United States.The American Constitutional system was went up to in 1791.The War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1783.During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the old Northwest.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 and ended in 1865.The Civil War was won by the Union, but Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.The great Puritan immigration began in 1630.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.The Purchase of Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France almost doubled the size of the United States.The war with Mexico started in 1846 and ended in 1848.The Civil War cost America 618000 lives.By 1900 there were 193000 miles of railroad in the United States.The United States government declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.As a result of WWI, the US had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor.The Second World War finally ended in 1945.China and the United States established formal diplomatic relations in 1979.The U.S. Has less than 6% of the world's population, but it produces about 25% of the total world output.The US imports about 13% of all world imports.In 1991, the America's financial deficit reached a record of 268.7 billion.The estimated number of the people living under the poverty line in 1995 was 35.7 million which makes up 14% of the total population. The first ten amendments to the Constitutions, as the foundation of the American constitutional system, were called the Bill of Rights. Woman obtained voting right from the 19th Amendment to the Constitution.In the United States, the first period of the party system arose in the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution.There have been four periods in the history of political parties in the U.S.The US Constitution was officially adopted on March 4, 1789.The federal system set up by the U.S. Constitution has two layers of rule.The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.The drafters of the U.S. Constitution devised a dual process by which the Constitution could by changed.The Articles of Confederation in the US provided that each state had one vote in Congress, a lawmaking body set up according to the Articles.In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.Urbanization was realized in the US after WWI.Some of the 77% population in the US lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988.Eduction was made a function of the state under the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.Public education in the United States covers twelve years.Elementary and secondary education in the United States covers 12 years.The total financial support for public schools makes up about 7 percent of the American GNP.High schools are made up of three different types of schools with somewhat different tasks in the U.S.Higher eduction in the U.S. Consists of six types of institutions.The community college made its appearance in the early 1900s.Easter falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon that coincides with, or comes after, the spring equinox.The first Thanksgiving Day was celebrated by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts on December 13, 1621.CanadaCanada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Generally speaking, Canada can be divided into six geographical regions.The bare, thinly populated region of Northern Canada takes up four fifths of the country.The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the 15th century.The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.Since the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.Canada has admitted over 11 million immigrants since Confederation in 1867 and approximately 4.5 million since the end of WWII. AustraliaAustralia is in the southern hemisphere.Australia lies south of the equator(赤道).Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.Australia is surrounded by the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean.In 1996 Australia's population is about 18 million, or about two people to the square kilometer.80% of Australians live in the south and east.Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world with 80% of its population living in the suburbs of coastal cities and towns.About 60% of the land in Australia is used for sheep and cattle grazing on large properties called stations.With regard to its size, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.New ZealandNew Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean.New Zealand is situated about 1500 km to south east of Australia.Because the country is very narrow, no place in New Zealand is more than 110km from the sea.Over ¾ of the land in New Zealand is more than 200 metres above sea level.New Zealand's climate is temperate and various.。

英语国家概况总结The following is a summary of the demographics, history, culture, and economy of English-speaking countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. United States:The United States is a federal republic located in North America. It is the third-largest country by population and the largest by land area. The United States is characterized by its diverse population, with people from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. English is the de facto national language, but Spanish is also widely spoken. The country is known for its strong economy, technological advancements, and cultural influence worldwide. It has a rich history, including the founding fathers, the Revolutionary War, and the Civil Rights Movement.United Kingdom:The United Kingdom, often referred to as the UK, is a constitutional monarchy consisting of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. English is the official language throughout the UK. The country has a strong historical background, with events like the Industrial Revolution, the British Empire, and its involvement in the two world wars. The UK is known for its contributions to literature, music, and sports, as well as its renowned educational institutions. The economy is diverse, with sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and services playing a significant role.Canada:Canada is the second-largest country by land area and is located inNorth America. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with English and French as its official languages. Canada is known for its multiculturalism and diversity, with immigrants from all over the world settling in the country. The economy is highly developed, with industries such as natural resources, manufacturing, and technology contributing significantly. Canada has a rich indigenous history and unique cultural heritage, including the Inuit, First Nations, and Métis peoples.Australia:Australia is both a country and a continent located in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the world's sixth-largest country by land area. English is the official language, and Australia has a diverse multicultural society, influenced by its history of immigration from different parts of the world. The country has a strong economy, with sectors such as mining, agriculture, tourism, and education contributing significantly. Australia is known for its beautiful landscapes, unique wildlife, and vibrant cities like Sydney and Melbourne.New Zealand:New Zealand is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is made up of two main islands, the North Island and the South Island, as well as several smaller islands. English and Māori are official languages in New Zealand. The country has a rich in digenous Māori culture, and its stunning landscapes, including mountains, lakes, and fjords, attract tourists from around the world. New Zealand has a stable economy, with sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and international education contributingsignificantly. It is known for adventure sports, such as bungee jumping and hiking.In conclusion, English-speaking countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, are diverse and culturally rich nations with strong economies and a significant global influence. Each country has its unique history, culture, and natural beauty, making them attractive destinations for people from all over the world.。

英语国家概况重点整理第一周Questions and answers1.一、What are those 6 English-speaking countries and it’s capitals?1: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(London伦敦)2: The Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国(Dublin都柏林)3: The United States of America 美利坚合众国(Washington DC 华盛顿DC) 4: Canada 加拿大(Ottawa渥太华)5:The Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚联邦(Canberra堪培拉)6:New Zealand (新西兰) (Wellington惠灵顿)第二周chapter1-2Questions and answers2.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland3.What are the other names?Simplified names: UK, United Kingdom。

Geographical name; Britain, Great BritainHistorical name: the British Empire; the British Commonwealth;4.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland5.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland6.What are their respective capitals（首府）?London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast7.What’s its nickname?John Bull; sometimes, lion8.What’s the national anthem（国歌）?God save the Queen/King9.What’s its national flower?Rose10.What’s its national flag?Union Jack11.How many members are there in British Commonwealth in 2007?53课后重点练习P8 一、1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 三、1 2 3 4 5 6 四、1 2 3 4 8 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 五、2第三周chapter3-5Questions and answers1. How do you know the three stages in the development of the English language?1. Old English.2. Middle English.3. Modern English. (450-1150-1450-present) English is descended from the Germanic (日耳曼语) language of the Anglo-Saxons.(450-1150-1450-present)A: Early Modern English B: Authoritarian English C: Mature Modern English D: Late Modern English2. Who are the ancestors of the English people?It’s Anglo-Saxons. The majority of the English people are descendents(后裔)of the Anglo-Saxons( after Romans left in 410 AD)3. Who are the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish people?It’s Celts. Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celts 4. Name the most important cities in UK. And then do exercises on p19 match all. London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester……课后重点练习三、4 5 6 7 8 9 10 四、1 2 3 6 7 8 11 12 13 14.（in Chinese）第四五周chapter6-9大事件时间表1.Earliest Settlers 最早的居民（3000 BC）p.482.Roman Britain 罗马时期的不列颠（43-410）p.48-493.Anglo-Saxons Britain 央格鲁-撒克逊时期的不列颠（449）-P.494.Feudal Society after the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服后的封建社会（1066）p.515.King John and the Great Charter 约翰王和大宪章（1215）p.526.Birth of Parliament议会的诞生（1265）p537.Hundred Years’ War 英法百年战争(1337—1453)p.578.Black Death 黑死病(1348)9.Watt Tyler’s Uprising瓦特-泰勒起义(1381) p5810.The Wars of the Roses 玫瑰战争(1455—1485) p5911.Religious Reformation 资产阶级革命(1534) p6012.The Civil War 内战(1642—1649) p6313.The Commonwealth (1649—1660) 共和国时期p6414.Restoration and the Glorious Revolution 复辟与光荣革命p64Questions and answers1.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were Iberians.2. the most famous / biggest relic left by the earliest settlers on British Isles is Stonehenge.3. From 700 B.C, Celts came from Upper Rhineland and began to inhabit British Isles.. Christianity was first brought to Britain by Romans.5. The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value, they are Welsh Christianity the Roman roads and cities，especially London.6、The three Teutonic groups began to migrate from the region of Denmark and Low Countries (Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg) and settled in Britain. The three groups are Angles Saxons and Jutes. From the Anglo-Saxon conquerors came the name ―England‖ and ―English‖.7. In 878, a peace treaty was signed between the Danes and Alfred, the king of the Great Wessex.8. Norman Conquest has speeded up the development of Feudalism in England9. King William made a record of each man’s property, whi ch was called Doomsday Book.10. The Great Charter signed in 1215 was made in the interest of the lords.11. The first parliament was called in 1265.12. The Tudor 都铎王朝Monarchy was in a transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism.13. In 1533, Henry VIII repudiated/refused papal/pope supremacy over English Church and declared himself Supreme head 至高无上的权利of the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy至尊法案.14. During the Renaissance period, the greatest of the English humanist was Sir Thomas More, with his classical work Utopia15. The greatest dramatist William Shakespeare lived in theage of Elisabeth I.16. The ―Glorious Revolution‖ was so called because it was bloodless.17. The industrial revolution began in textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions.18.James Hardgrave,a carpenter made the first invention called ―spinning Jenny‖.19. The British Empire began with the founding of Newfoundland in 1583.20. The British Empire used to be an empire on which the sun never sets.课后重点练习CHAPTER 6一：1至16四：Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Anglo-Saxons Conquest 央格鲁-撒克逊征服Birth of Parliament议会的诞生Roman Conquest 罗马征服Danish invasion 丹麦入侵Anglo-Saxons settlement 央格鲁-撒克逊定居Anglo-Saxons Heptarchy -------Edward the confessor 爱德华信教徒Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役Doomsday Book 末日审判书The Great Charter 大宪章All Estates Parliament 各级会议Model Parliament 模范会议CHAPTER 7三：the outbreak of the Wars of the roses. 玫瑰战争的爆发the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War 百年战争爆发Wat Tyler’s Uprising 农民起义The Black Death 黑死病The glorious revolution 光荣革命the call of the Long Parliament -------The restoration of Charles 2 查理二世复辟the execution of Charles 1 查理一世死刑The call of the Short Parliament ------ CHAPTER 8一：1 2 3四：spinning machine run by water power 蒸汽纺织机the power loom------- The steam engine 蒸汽机the ―Spinning Jenny‖珍妮纺织机CHAPTER 9一：136****1516第六七周Chapter 10Questions and answers1、Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary?The United States is situated in the southern part of North Americ a with its two youngest states.It borders Canada on the north，and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico.2、How large is it?The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from The Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific ocean on the west.3、What’s its rank all over the world concerning its area?It’s fourth largest in world in terms of area.4、How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?48 states5、Which two states are geographically separated from the other?Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii is in the central Pacific6、What is the capital of the US? Can you say some of its tourist attractions (4or more)?1：Washington D.C. 2：the United States Capitol（美国国会大厦），the White House（白宫），the Pentagon Building（五角大楼），Potomac River（波托马克河），The Lincoln Memorial Hall and Washington Monument etc.7、The two most important mountains of the US are the Appalachian Mountains(阿巴拉契亚山脉) and the Rocky mountains (落基山脉).8、“Father of Waters”re fers to The Mississippi River.9、The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.10、The 5 Great Lakes are_______, ______, _________, ________ and _______.HOMES：H-Huron，O-Ontario，M-Michigan，E-Erie and S-Superior. 11、How many geographical regions is it divided into?The Eastern Highland，The Central Plain，the Western Mountains12、What are the major cities in USA? What’s the characteristics(特点) of each city?I will List 3 for you.1:Washington D.Cthe capital of the US, is situated on the Potomac River and covers an area of over 174 square kilometers.2:New York CityThe largest city and chief port of the United Stated lying at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York State, has a metropolitan population of 19.306 million(2007), of which the city proper is a little over 8 million and about 10 million in the suburbs.3:Los angelesA seaport in southwest California, is the second largest city of the US, with a population of about 3.82 million in the urban area, and 12.163 million in the metropolitan area.课后重点练习一：1 2 3 5 9 10 11 18 19 20三：2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10第八周Chapter 11Questions and answers1、How do you know about the different names of USA?Its full name: the United States of America;Its short terms：U.S.；USA；America 美洲;美国2、What’s its national flag? How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The Stars and Stripes；Old Glory；The Starry Banner;It c onsists of 13 horizontal stripes, 7 red alternating with 6 white, and in the upper corner near the staff，a rectangular blue field，containing 50 five-pointed white stars. The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity and Innocence；Red，Hardiness强壮and Valor勇猛；and Blue，Vigilance 警觉，Perseverance and Justice.3、What are the nicknames of America and its people?It’s Uncle Sam.It’s Brother Jonathan and Yankee.4、What’s its national anthem, national flower and tree?The Star - spangled Banner5、There are many things that symbolize American culture. Could you say someof them with no less than 10 items?Bald eagle Great seal National flower National tree Statue of Liberty White House President Hill Lincoln Memorial Hall Empire State Building Times Square Broadway Theater District Las Vegas Hoover Dam Disneyland The Gate Way of St. Louise GoldenGate Bridge Yellow Stone National Park The Niagara Falls Barbie Doll6、Why is USA called a salad bowl or a melting pot?The United Sta tes is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a ―melting pot‖, meaning people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get assimilated and build up this culture that is called American culture today.Since 1960s, a lot of scholars oppose against the term ―melting pot‖. They think America is similar to a Salad Bowl that every culture can find its position in American society. Multiculturalism is the symbol of America.7、Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, WhiteAnglo-Saxon Protestants. (祖先为英国新教徒的白人).8、Why is USA called as a nation on wheels?Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Henry Ford(1863 –1947)was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn’t know how mu ch the car was going to affect American culture. The car made the United States a nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new jobs and opportunities. That’s why it has got the name of ―a nation on the wheel‖.9、What’s the character of American people?representative form of government 建立代表制政府rule of law 法治respect of individual rights 对个人权利的尊重religious tolerance宗教上的宽容a strong spirit of individual enterprise强烈的个人进取心10、Name W ho’s Who (名人录) in America (presidents、writers、scientists、actorsor actresses and so on.).1st President/3rd President Humorist and Novelist Novelist of lost generation Greatest Inventor Automobile Microsoft Comic Actor Actress Rock and Roll Martial Arts Basketball Champion American Superman George Washington/Thomas Jefferson Mark Twain Ernest Hemingway Thomas Edison Henry Ford Bill GatesCharlie Chaplin Marilyn Monroe Elvis Presley Bruce Lee (Li Xiao long) Michael Jordan Christopher Reeve课后重点练习一：1 2 3 4 7三四：1 2 5第九十周Chapter 15—18Questions and answers1、The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called Native Americans /American Indians.2、Christopher Columbus is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America.3、The first successful English settlement in America was Jamestown in 1607.4、In 1620, a group of puritans arrived at America on a ship called Mayflower.5、The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired at Lexington，Massachusetts，in 1775.6、On July，7，1776；in the Second Continental congress，The Declaration ofIndependence was declared, which was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson.7、The Louisiana Purchase，in 1803, gave Western farmers use of the importantMississippi River waterway, almost doubled the territory of the U.S.8、After the election of Lincoln, eleven Southern states seceded from the union,establishing a rebel government, which is called _ Confederate States of Americ a on February 9, 1861.9、Har riet Beecher Stowe’s anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin had a profoundeffect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States. 10、In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation，which liberated somefour million Negro slaves in the South.11、The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the Civil War.12、The stock market crash was the beginning of the long economic depression inthe late 1920s and 1930s. President Roosevelt’s (FDR) New Dea l measures were to save American democracy and the capital system.13、The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on PearlHarbor on December 7，1941.14、The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki inAugust 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.15、After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant superpowers, andthe Cold W ar began.课后重点练习Chapter 15一：1 2 3 4 11 12四：1 2 4 5 6 7 in ChineseChapter 16一：1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12 13 14三：1 2 7 8 9 10四：2 4 5 6 7 9 10 12Chapter 17一：1 4 6 9 10四：1 2 7 8Chapter 18一：1 5 6 9 10三：1 8 9 10第十一周chapter13-14Questions and answers1.How many branches are there in the federal government? What are they? Three. They are Judicial，Executive and Legislative branches.2.On what kind of system are the three branches based?A system of checks and balances..3.Where is the seat of government for congress?The Capitol.4.The congress is composed of two chambers. What are they?The House of Representatives and the Senate5.Where is the official residence of the president?The White House.6.Who has the executive power in the U.S.?The president.7.In American history, only two presidents were raised for impeachment bill. Who were there ?Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton8.What are the two major parties in the U.S.? Tell the symbol of each party. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton9.Who is the first African president in the American history?Barack Obama10.Which book written by him became No. 1 on both New York Times and /doc/495986337.html, bestseller lists ?Barack Obama课后重点联系Chapter13一1 2 3 4 15 16 三第十二周Chapter 3-4Questions and answers1.What is the basis of the British government?constitutional monarchy2.Who is the head of the country?a queen or a king3.Who is the present sovereign of the UK?Elizabeth II4.How many parts make the British Parliament?Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.5.What is the president of the House of Lords called?Lord Chancellor上议院议长、大法官6.What are the two major parties?the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.7.Who presides the cabinet?the Prime Minister8.Who has the real power in the country?the Prime Minister9.Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK? David Cameron10.Where does the Prime Minister live and work? No.10, Downing Street课后重点练习。

英语国家概况各历史事件发生时间明细-自考必备UKThe geographical names for the UK are the British Isles, Great Britain, England.On the island of Great Britain, there are three political divisions-England, Scotland, and Wales.At present, there are 50 member countries within the commonwealth(1991).The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and North Sea in the east.The Celts began to arrive about 700B.C.In the mid-5th century, a new wave of Teutonic invaders came to Britain. The three tribes were Jutes, Saxons, Angles.Jutes, Angles and Saxons from northern Europe started to invade England in the mid-5th century.The small kingdoms of Essex, Sussex and Wessex in the southwest of Britain were established by the Saxons in the 5th century.The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.The battle between English troops led by Harold and the Norman troops led by William was fought at Hastings in 1066.The Celts arrived in Britain between 600BC-150BC.Julius Caesar led his army and invaded England in 55BC.For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation.Christianity was brought to Britain by St. Augustine in 597.The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Romanmissionaries gained the upper hand in 664.The Norman leader William established the Norman rule in England in 1066.The English language was introduced into England by the Anglo-Saxons who started to invade England in the mid-5th century. According to historical record, it appeared that in 1086 about half of the cultivated land in England was in the hands of 170 tenants-in chief.The Great Charter was signed in 1215 and had 63 clauses.The Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted from 1337 to 1453.The Hundred Years' War could be divided into three outstanding stages.Black Death reduced England's population from 4 million to 2 million by the end of the 14th century.Black Death, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas, spread though Europe in the 14th century.The Black Death swept through England on the summer of 1348 without warning.Elizabeth I came to the throne when she was 25 and then she reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years.The Armada was defeated by England in 1588.The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 14 century.England and Scotland was officially united into Great Britain by the Act of Union of 1707.In 1707, the name Great Britain came into being.In England, the Renaissance was usually thought of as beginning with the accession of the House of Tudor to the throne in 1485. Traditional farming involved the open field village, a system that dated back to the 5th century.The open field system lasted till 18th century.By the early 19th century, Britain had a rod network of some 125000 miles.In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Radicals in the Parliament were greatly influenced by ideals of Jeremy Bentham known as “Utilitarianism”.The Chartist Movement was officially launched at a great 1838 meeting in Birmingham, with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People's Charter.In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before 1918.V otes were granted to English women in the same terms as men after World War I.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 1914, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.Queen Elizabeth II was born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953.The foundation of the welfare state of Britain was laid during the years immediately after World War II.The 1960s were known as the Swinging Sixties, the permissive age in Britain.In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast. The British monarchy can be traced back to at least the 9th century.Either the Conservative Party or the Labor Party has held power since 1945 in Britain.Sovereign's birthday is officially celebrated in June every year by Trooping the Color on Horse Guards Parade.The Houses of Parliament were rebuilt between 1835 and 1857 to the design of Sir Charles Barry after having been destroyed by fire. The House of Commons in the U.K. Consist of 651 Members of Parliament.In Great Britain, almost 80% of medical prescription items are supplied free.The first women priests of Church of England were ordained in March 1994.The position of the Church of Scotland was defined in the Treaty of Union, 1707, and further safeguarded by the Church of Scotland Act, 1921.Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973.The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based at first on Acts of Parliament.There are nine public holidays in Great Britain, such as New Year's Day, Bank Holiday, Boxing Day, etc.In Britain education is compulsory and free for all between the ages of 5 and 16.About 90% of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensive school.First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last 3 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.In Britain, medical and veterinary courses normally require five years.There are some 90 universities in UK, including the Open University.There are about 130 daily and Sunday newspapers published in Britain.The professional football season runs from August until May in U.K.Soccer has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century.The home of golf is Scotland where the game has been played since the 17th century.The University Boat Race, between eight-oared crew from Oxford and Cambridge, has been rowed on the Thames almost every spring. Pantomime is a kind of play based on a traditional fairy tale and performed at Christmas time.IrelandThe Republic of Ireland's border with Northern Ireland is 434km.The population of Ireland in 1990 was estimated at 3.5 million, and was expected to reach 4 million by 2000.Migration in Ireland declined sharply after the establishment of the Irish Free State.The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 established an Irish Free State.The creation of Northern Ireland dates from 1921 when the Irish Free State was set up.Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949.The first census of Ireland began in 1821.Eire became the Republic of Ireland in April 1949.The name of the country was officially changed to Ireland in 1937.Today 93% of the Irish population are Roman Catholics.USAThe United Stated had a more or less open-door policy to immigration from independence until the 1960s.By the year of 2050, American population is expected to climb to 383 million.The biggest city in America is New York with a population of18 million (in 1990).The United States has less than 6% of the world's population; yet it produces about 25% of the total world output.The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.The first Negro slaves were brought to Virginia in 1619.Between 1607 and 1773, the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783 which recognized the independence of the United States.The American Constitutional system was went up to in 1791.The War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1783.During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the old Northwest.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 and ended in 1865.The Civil War was won by the Union, but Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.The great Puritan immigration began in 1630.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.The Purchase of Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France almost doubled the size of the United States.The war with Mexico started in 1846 and ended in 1848.The Civil War cost America 618000 lives.By 1900 there were 193000 miles of railroad in the United States.The United States government declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.As a result of WWI, the US had changed from a debtor nationto a creditor.The Second World War finally ended in 1945.China and the United States established formal diplomatic relations in 1979.The U.S. Has less than 6% of the world's population, but it produces about 25% of the total world output.The US imports about 13% of all world imports.In 1991, the America's financial deficit reached a record of 268.7 billion.The estimated number of the people living under the poverty line in 1995 was 35.7 million which makes up 14% of the total population. The first ten amendments to the Constitutions, as the foundation of the American constitutional system, were called the Bill of Rights. Woman obtained voting right from the 19th Amendment to the Constitution.In the United States, the first period of the party system arose in the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution.There have been four periods in the history of political parties in the U.S.The US Constitution was officially adopted on March 4, 1789.The federal system set up by the U.S. Constitution has two layers of rule.The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.The drafters of the U.S. Constitution devised a dual process by which the Constitution could by changed.The Articles of Confederation in the US provided that each state had one vote in Congress, a lawmaking body set up according to the Articles.In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.Urbanization was realized in the US after WWI.Some of the 77% population in the US lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988.Eduction was made a function of the state under the T enth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.Public education in the United States covers twelve years.Elementary and secondary education in the United States covers 12 years.The total financial support for public schools makes up about 7 percent of the American GNP.High schools are made up of three different types of schools with somewhat different tasks in the U.S.Higher eduction in the U.S. Consists of six types of institutions.The community college made its appearance in the early 1900s.Easter falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon that coincides with, or comes after, the spring equinox.The first Thanksgiving Day was celebrated by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, Massachusetts on December 13, 1621.CanadaCanada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Generally speaking, Canada can be divided into six geographical regions.The bare, thinly populated region of Northern Canada takes up four fifths of the country.The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the 15th century.The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.Since the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.Canada has admitted over 11 million immigrants since Confederation in 1867 and approximately 4.5 million since the end of WWII. AustraliaAustralia is in the southern hemisphere.Australia lies south of the equator(赤道).Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.Australia is surrounded by the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean.In 1996 Australia's population is about 18 million, or about two people to the square kilometer.80% of Australians live in the south and east.Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world with 80% of its population living in the suburbs of coastal cities and towns.About 60% of the land in Australia is used for sheep and cattle grazing on large properties called stations.With regard to its size, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.New ZealandNew Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean.New Zealand is situated about 1500 km to south east of Australia.Because the country is very narrow, no place in New Zealand is more than 110km from the sea.Over ? of the land in New Zealand is more than 200 metres above sea level.New Zealand's climate is temperate and various.。

英国历史重大事件年表约公元前3000年，伊比利亚人进入不列颠，以长坟闻名约公元前2000年，建立巨石阵；宽口陶器人出现，以钟形容器闻名约公元前700年，三波凯尔特人进入不列颠：盖尔人、布立吞人、贝尔格人●公元前55年，Julius Caesar率罗马军团入侵不列颠，开启不列颠有文字记载的历史●公元43年Claudius皇帝时期，罗马正式占领不列颠，不列颠的罗马时代持续400年●597年，教皇格里高利一世派St. Augustine到不列颠传教●9世纪，Egbert成为第一位英格兰国王●1066年诺曼征服：忏悔者爱德华、哈罗德、征服者威廉；斯坦福桥、黑斯廷斯战役；封建制度完全建立。

●1086年威廉一世“末日审判书”完成●1170年大主教贝克特被刺，亨利二世宗教改革失败●12、13世纪，牛津、剑桥大学建校●1215年约翰王被迫签订《大宪章》，限制王权●1265年的大议会标志着向现代议会的转变，签署《牛津协定》●1284年爱德华一世征服威尔士，创立“威尔士亲王”封号●1337-1453年爱德华三世发动英法百年战争，亨利五世取得大胜●1348年爆发黑死病，劳动力短缺、土地闲置、转耕为牧、农民可讨价还价●《劳工法令》Statute of Labours 禁止提高农民工资●1381年农民起义，理查二世欺骗起义军、谋杀瓦特·泰勒●14、15世纪，圣安德鲁大学、格拉斯哥大学、阿伯丁大学、爱丁堡大学在苏格兰建校●1455-1485玫瑰战争：爱德华四世胜利、爱德华五世失踪、理查三世被击杀、亨利七世建立都铎王朝●1529-1534年亨利八世进行宗教改革Reformation，确立英王为独立的英格兰教会最高领袖，脱离罗马教皇●1558-1603伊丽莎白一世统治●1588年击败无敌舰队Armada●文艺复兴Renaissance (1350-1650)和英国文艺复兴（1485-）●1605年火药阴谋案，天主教谋杀詹姆士一世失败，处决盖伊·福克斯，英国人庆祝11月5日“盖伊福克斯之夜”●1628第三次召集的议会向查理一世提出Petition of Right民权请愿书●1642-1649英国内战（清教革命、英国资产阶级革命）●1649年查理一世被处决，进入Commonwealth 共和国时期●1660年共和国瓦解，查理二世复辟Restoration●1688年光荣革命，威廉、玛丽共掌英国●1689年《权利法案》出台，君主立宪制确立●1707年《联合法案》规定英格兰、苏格兰合并，“大不列颠”产生；也规定苏格兰教会成为联合王国国教之一。

The United KingdomStep1 The Country & People1、Geographical locationThe UK is an island country.The UK is located in the northwestern Europe.The UK is a country of island surrounded by North sea (to its east), Atlantic ocean (to its north), Irish sea (to its west and between Great Britain and Ireland), English Channel（英吉利海峡）and Strait of Dover（多佛尔海峡）(to its south).2、Common-sense knowledgeNational Anthem：《上帝保佑女王》"god save the queen"（男性君主为"god save the king"）National Flower：RoseThe Capital: London3、Area and populationArea: 244, 820 sqkmPopulation: 60.9 million(2008)The most densely populated area: England (84%)The least densely populated area: ScotlandThe least populated area: Northern Ireland (less than 3%)4、British Commonwealth (1931) P9 (expressing in English)British Commonwealth —Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations, it is an association comprising the United Kingdom and fifty or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states with a common allegiance to the British Crown, including Canada, Australia, India, and many countries in the West Indies and Africa. It was formally established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Among the members of the Commonwealth, sixteen sovereign states separately recognize Queen Elizabeth Ⅱas their monarch and are named the Commonwealth Realms. It includes the UK itself, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, among others.英联邦(Commonwealth of Nations)，是以英国为主导的国家联合体，由英国及其自治领和其他已独立的前殖民地、附属国组成，由54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大多为前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国。

英语国家概况教学总结篇一：英语国家概况学习心得与体会《英语国家概况》学习心得与体会英语国家概况（英美概况），雨婷认为是所有科目中最难的一科了！英概的出题范围很广，书中的每一句话都可能成为考题，尤其是选择题、填空题、改错题。

从历年考题上看，英、美两国概况所占分值比较大，其他几国相对少些。

其中以英、美两国的政治、经济、历史、教育、文化等方面为主，地理次之。

大家首先一定要把教材看透，如果感觉生词太多，可以先通读全文，然后把生词的释义及音标标注出来，再通读全文；若有英汉对照本，那学起来就更方便了！（呵呵，雨婷当时考的时候可没买到这本小册子。

）然后把以下几方面单独整理出来，常看常记，雨婷觉得考题中会常出现的。

当然这并不是雨婷在押题，而只是总结自己的考试经验而已，各位不要想偏了噢！！！¶ 、世界之最（国家之最、城市之最）；2、名作家作品；3、著名城市的地理位置；4、世界著名大学所在地及概况；5、各国历史（年代表）；6、历界总结；7、各国首都。

这几天雨婷将英、美两国的“之最”（世界之最、国家之最、城市之最等等）整理了一下，会贴出来的。

至于其他方面，因为最近实在抽不出时间来，过阵子时间充足了，再好好整理整理！快考试了，加油噢！以下是英国之最（世界、国家、城市之最）及少部分英国作家作品等。

声明：并非押题！！！这可是雨婷花了整整一天的时间、一个字母一个字母打出来的，呵呵，雨婷还是第一次打这么多的英文呢，感觉比打汉字费时多了！因为时间比较仓促，难免会有错误之处，望多涵噢！下次会打出美国之最（世界、国家、城市之最）及少部分美国作家作品等。

1、EnglandisthemostimportantpartoftheKingdominwealth,size,andpopulation .2、BennevisisthehighestmountaininBritain.itis1343meters.3、ThenorthSeaisthefirsthighqualitypetroleum.4、Britainisoneoftheworld?smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.5、TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.6、Thecottonindustry,thelargestbranch,hasundergoneaseverecontraction.7、TheBritishagriculturalindustryisoneofthemostefficientinEurope.8、Theearliestinvasionisthatbythedark-hairedmediterraneanracecalledtheiberi ans.9、BirminghamisthesecondlargestcityinEngland.10、LiverpoolisthesecondlargestportofEngland.11、Beforethegreaticeage,GreatBritainwasjoinedtothecontinentofEurope.itwas thenthatmenfirstcametoBritain.12、alfredwasconsideredthefirstnationalhero.13、normandywasthemosthighlyorganizedstateinEuropeatthattime.14、Therewereanumberoflords,butthemostimportantclasswastheknights.15、Thenormanswerethefinestfightinghorsemen.16、attheendofthecentury,themostwell-knowncompany,theEastindiacompany wasformed.17、TheEnglishRenaissance?sfinestexponentswerechristophermalovve,BenJo hnson,andwilliamShakespeare.ThegreatestdramatistoftheagewasShakespe are.18、Theearly17thcenturywasaperiodofthemostacuteclassstrugglebetweentheb ourgeoisieandthefeudalistswiththeKingastheirhead.19、Economicrecoverywasthemostdifficulttaskforthecommonwealth.in1651P arliamentpassedthefirstnavigationact.20、ThemostnotoriouslycomiptofthewhigstatesmeninthathalfcenturywasRober twalpole.21、in1761thefirstextensivecanalwasopened.in1814GeorgeStephensonconstru ctedthefirstsuccessfulsteamlocomotive.22、Theeconomicboomwhichbeganin1824collapsedin1825,causingthefirstofm anyperiodiceconomiccrisesintheworld.23、in1840underthepretextofprotectinghertrade,Britainlaunchedanaggressive waragainstchina.Thiswastheopiumwar.24、Fromthemid-19thcenturyonwardanumberofBritishcolonieswereorganizedi ntodominiors.ThedominionofcanadawasthefirstBritishdominiontobesoorg anized.25、TheThirdReformBillof1884andtheRedistributionactof1885wasthemostim portantofreforms.26、Theirishquestiononeoftheoldestissuescreatedthegreatestdifficulties.27、inforeignpolicythemostimportantachievementwastheLocarnoTreatyof192 6.28、intheearly1950?s,Britain?sfirstatomicbombwastested,joininghertotheUSandtheUSSRasanuclearpower.29、margaretThatcherwasthefirstfemalePrimeministerinthenation?shistory.30、in1981,theHumberBridgewascompletedat4626feettheworld?slongestSusp ensionBridge.Theworld?slongesthigh-speedopiticalfiberlinkconnectedBir minghamwithLondon.31、Thelongestministryofthecentury,ithadglorifiedtheVictorianvaluesofself-he lpandnationalism.32、JohnmajorbecamethefirstwesternleadertovisitliberatedKuwait.33、TheEuropeanUnionistheworld?slargesttradingbloc.34、Theworldfamousuniversitiesoxfordandcambridge,aretheoldestonesdatingf rom1167and1284.35、durhamUniversitycameintobeingin1832,theoldestuniversityinthisgroupan dthefirstEnglishuniversityafteroxfordandcambridge.36、alargegroupofnineteenthandtwentiethcenturyuniversitieswerefoundedinm ostofthebiggestindustrialtownsandinafewothercentres.Theystartedas “universitycolleges”.37、TheearlistknownprintednewspaperinBritainwaspublishedin1513.itwascall edTreweEncountre.38、TheTimesisthemostfamousofallBritishpapersandtheoldestatthat.39、ThemostimportantPeriodicalsaretheEconomist,newStatesman,Spectator,n ewSociety,PrivateEyeandnewScientist.40、Britishradioandtelevisionplayanimportantpartindailylife,socialactivities,c ulturalandeducationalcauses.Theyarechieflyrunbythreecompanies:theBriti shBroadcastingcorporation(B.B.c),theindependentTelevisioncommission( i.T.c),andtheRadioauthority,thoughtherearemanycommercial,companies.41、ThePressassociationLtd.whichwasfoundedbyprovincialnewspapersonaco-operativebasisin1868istheoldestandlargestnewsagencyoperatingexclusivel yinBritain.42、associationfootball(orsoccer)claimsthehighestpopularattendanceinthecoun try.43、GolfisprobablythemostattractiveofBritishsports.44、Stephenson?s?Rocket?isthemostfamousofallsteamlocomotives.45、JohndaltonwasanEnglishchemistandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordevelopi nganatomictheoryinwhichtheelementsarecharacterizedbydifferentsizesand weights.46、Thebest-knownscientificachievementinthenineteenthcenturywascharlesRo bertdarwin?sdevelopmentofatheoryofevolution.47、ThenumberoftheBritishnoblePrizewinnersinsciencebeforeworldwar Ⅱisthelargestintheworld.48、Fableswhichareaboutanimalsorsupernaturalpersonsorincidentsandwhosep urposeisteachingamoralareprobablytheearliestformofstory-telling.49、Thebest-lovedstoryisaboutRobinHoodwhowasapopularherolivingunderthe greenwoodwithhismen,takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoorandwagingw aragainstbishopsandarchbishops.Bythetimewegettothemiddleages,wefindt hefirstgreatEnglishpoet,chaucer.50、inthesixteethcenturyThomasmoreissuedhismasterpieceUtopiaintwobooks, thefirstofwhichcontainsalongconversiationonthesocialconditionofEngland .51、duringthePuritanperiod(orintheseventeethcentury)JohnBunyanwasacommandingprosewriterandJohnmiltonwasanoutstandingpoet.Bunyanwroteothe rworks,suchastheHolywar,Graceaboundingtothechiefofsinners.52、danieldefoeandhisRobinsoncrusoeandJonathanSwiftandhisGulliver?sTrav elsbelongtothisperiod.53、SamuelRichardsonisanothernovelistrenownedasastoryteller.Hechosetheep istolataryfromandwrote“thefirstmodernnovel.”54、Thenineteenthcenturywasthegoldenageofthenovel.Therewerealotofnovelis ts,thegreatestofwhomwascharlesdickens.Heislookeduponasoneofthegreate stcreativewriterswhoeverlived.55、Thecomicmasterpieceofwhichdickenswastheproudest,isPicwickPapers.da vidcopperfield,whichislarglybasedonhimself,isperhapshisbestnovel.other well-knownnovelsinclude.TheoldcuriosityShop,HardTimes,GreatExpectat ions,aTaleofTwoLitiesanddombeyandSon.56、walterScottwasapoetandfamousScottishhistoricalnovelist,whowrotemuch. amonghisnovelsandwaverley,Guymannering,Kenilworth,woodstockandQ uentindurward.Hisbestknownnovelisivanhoe,hisbestnovelisTheHeartofmi dlothian.57、williammakepeaceTackeray,wholargelywroteaboutmiddle-classsociety.He wroteTheHistoryofPendennis,TheHistoryofHeyEsmond,Thenewcomersth eVirginians.58、nineteenth-centuryEnglandalsoproducedmanygreatwomennovelists,theear liestofwhomwasperhapsJaneausten.Hermostwidely-readnovelisPrideandP rejudice,thoughthreeothers,SenseandSensibility,EmmaandmansefieldPark ,haveslowlywontheirwaytothefrontrankoffiction.59、JosephRudyardKiplingwasthefirstBritishnovelisttowinthenobelPrize,whic hhedidin1907.60、davidHerbertLawrencewasaninnovatorofpsychologicalfictionandoneofthe mostcontroversialwritersoftheearly20thcentury,surpassedonlybyJamesJoy ceintheamountofoppositionwhichwascausedbyhisworks.Hismajorworksar eSonsandLovers,theRainbow,womeninLove,Kangaroo,thePlumedSerpent andLadychatterley?sLover.61、JamesJoycewasconsideredinthewestandthemostimportantandinfluentialno velistwritinginEnglish.62、ThenameofHerbertGeorgewellsiscloselyassociatedwithsciencefiction.The Timemachine,TheislandofPr.moreau,Theinvisibleman,whentheSleeperwa kesandTheShapeofThingstocomearehisbestworksaboutscience.63、JohnGalsworthywasoneofthemostprominentBritishnovelistsanddramatists ofthetwentiethcentury.HismaidenworkisFromtheFourwinds.64、anothernobelPrizewinnerwasBertrandRussell,whowasaphilosopher,mathe matician,logicianandnovelist.HegothisnoblePrizein1950.65、Geoffreychaucer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry,describesapartyofpilgrimsgoin gtocanterburyinhismasterpieceThecanterburyTales.66、ThegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetoftheseventeenthcenturywasJohnmilt on,whomwerememberchieflyforhislongepicintwelvebooksParadiseLost,w hichmainlytellsthestoryofadamandEreintheGardenofEden.67、TwoofthegreatestnamesinthepoetryofthiscenturyarewilliamButlerYeatsan dThomasSteamsEliot.TheSecondcoming,oneoftheYeats?smostfamouspoe ms,hismostfamousworksareThewindamongtheweeds,Responsibilities,The Tower,ThewindingstairsandThelandofHeart?sdesire(aplayof1914).68、EliotwasborninamericanbuthebecameaBritishsubjectin1927.Hisbestknow nwork,ThewasteLand,causedanuproarbecauseofitsoriginalityandoftheseve rityofitsattackonEnglishandamericansociety,whenitwaspublishedwithPou nd?shelpin1922.69、EnglishdramaiscompletelydominatedbywilliamShakespeare.Heisthegreat playwrightandpoetoftheRenaissance,widelyregardedbythepeopleofthewor ldasoneofthegreatestwriterswhoeverlivedKarlmarxtakesShakespeareandae schylusasthetwogreatestgeniusesofwholetheatre.Hewrotethirty-sevenplay s,mostlyinverse,manyofwhicharestillfrequentlyacted.Theyincludecomedie s.asYouLikeit,amidsummernight?sdream,awinter?sTale,ThemerchantofVe nice,TheTempestandTwelfthnight;thegreattragedies:RomeandJuliet,macb eth,KingLearandothello.70、christophermarloweisthemostgiftedofthe “universitywitswhosethreebestplaysareTamburlaine,TheJewofmaltaand TheTragicalHistoryofdoctorFaustus.71、intheeighteenthcenturythemostoutstandingdramatistoftherealisticschoolw asRichardBrinsleySheridanwhosefirstcomedyTheRivalswasstagedwhenhe was24.72、TheBritishmuseumLibraryisoneofthelargestandrichestintheworld.73、atthenortheastendaremarblearchwhichisfamousforitslovelyplantsandthew orld-famousSpeakers?corner,whereoutdoororatorsmaketheireloquentfrees peechesonwoodensoapboxes.74、inTowerofLondon,thefirstprisonerwasRanulfFlambard,bishopofdurham,o neoftheoriginalbuildersofthewhiteTower.75、St.Paul?scathedral,thebiggestandmostwell-knownchurchinLondon,isatypi calexampleofthearchitectureoftheRenaissance.76、TheoldbuildingsoftheobservatoryareonthehighesthillinGreenwichPark,wh ichwasbeautifullylaidoutbyLenotreforcharlesⅡ,butnowtheRoyalobservatoryhasmovedtoHerstmonceuxcastleinSussexo naccountoftheLondonpollution.77、Thebest-knownqualityoftheBritishpeopleand,inparticular,oftheEnglishpeo pleistheirexclusiveness.78、TheBritishParliament,istheoldestparliamentinEurope.79、inspeakingofJohnBull,animageimmediatelyappearsinourmind.Heisshortan dfat,withatallhatonhisheadandapairofbootsonhisfeet.itisthenicknameforBr itain.80、“LadiesFirst”isalsoaBritishcustom,thoughitislessobservedtodaythanitusedtobe.81、inBritish,“Threedon?t”:(1)TheBritishhavethehabitofqueuing.Theydon?tjumpofthequeue.(2)inEngland,youshouldn?taskawomanherage.(3)don?ttrytobargaininBritainwhenyoudotheshopping.82、Three“inGS”refertobetting,drinkingandtipping,endingforeachofwhichisinG.83、christmasdayisondecember25,whichisthegreatestofthechristianfestivals,co mmemoratingasitdoesthebirthofJesuschrist.84、newYear?sday(January1st)ispartoftheScottish?Hogmanay?festivalwhichis moreimportantthanchristmastoScots.85、aprilFool?sdayishardlyafestival,butonthatdayyoumayfindthatsomeonehas givenyouafalsemessageoryourshoe-laceshavebeentiedtogether,orsomeoth eringenioustrickshavebeenplayedonyoutomakeyouan“aprilFool”.86、TherearethreemainworldreligiousBuddhism,islamandchristianity.87、Themostimportantdenominationistheanglicanchurch.88、TheBritishParliamentconsistsofthreeelements:thecrown,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofcommons.89、TheHouseofLor(:英语国家概况教学总结)dsistheoldestpartofParliament.90、TherearetwomajorpartiesinBritaintoday.TheyaretheconservativePartyandt heLaborParty.91、intermsofthenatureofcases,wecanalsodividethecourtsintotwosystems:theci vilcourtsandthecriminalcourts.英语国家概况学习要领关于《英语国家概况》课程方面的辅导材料很少。

《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分1. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 人口与民族世界第三人口大国，20世纪90年代人口增长更加迅速，将来60年还将迅猛增加。

预计将从1992年的25，550万，增加到2000年的27，500万。

移民是人口增长的主要来源，基本开放的移民政策。

现在多数移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲。

城市化高，最大的城市：纽约，洛杉矶，芝加哥，旧金山，费城。

1946-1964是生育高峰，20世纪80年代人口老龄化趋势。

美国是移民国家。

第一批移民来自英国和荷兰，为了逃避宗教迫害，寻求更好的生活，契约劳工。

三次移民浪潮：第一次移民浪潮始于1805年，1845年到达高峰，许多爱尔兰人迁入。

第二次移民浪潮从1860-1890。

第三次移民浪潮从1890-1914，是最大的一次。

来自奥匈帝国，意大利，俄国，希腊，罗马尼亚和土耳其。

Characteristics of the American population 美国人口的特征流动性。

四次大规模的人口流动：第一次从内战结束到1880年，西进运动。

从东海岸向西部迁移。

第二次从1890-1920年，随着工业化和城市化的实现，人口从农村涌向城市。

第三次从1920-1960年，大批黑人离开南方涌入外地。

第四次从60年代至今，从东北部向西南部的阳光地带迁移。

Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 黑人与民权运动黑人是美国人口最多的少数民族。

自1619年作为奴隶贩运到北美洲，集中在南部农业区，生活悲惨。

代表小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》。

1863年林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》和1865《宪法》第13条修正案正式结束了奴隶制，但仍存在歧视。

1954年布朗诉教育委员会一案，开始了漫长的废除种族隔离的进程。

60年代爆发民权运动。

1964年通过《民权法案》，1965年通过《选举权法案》。

第二章The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）I.Early Settlers （5000BC-55BC）早期的居民（公元前5000年—公元前55年）1．The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。

2． At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now know as Holland and Rhineland.约公元前2000年，从现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区来了宽口陶器人。

3． The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.约公元前700年，克尔特人来到不列颠岛。

4． The Celts came to Britain in three main waves.克尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮。

The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600 BC.第一次高潮是约公元前600年盖尔人的来临。

The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400 BC.第二次高潮是约公元前400年布立吞（不列颠）人的抵达。

The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150 BC.第三次是约公元前150年比利其人的到达。

II. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)罗马人统治时期的英国（公元前55年—410年）1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.有记录的英国历史开始于罗马人的入侵。

英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况是指使用英语作为官方语言或主要语言的国家。

这些国家分布在全球各个大洲，包括欧洲、北美洲、南美洲、非洲、亚洲、大洋洲等地区。

下面是对英语国家概况的整理和相关参考内容。

一、英语国家概况1. 英语国家数量截至目前，全球有超过70个国家和地区官方或主要使用英语。

其中包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家，以及南非、印度、新加坡等国家。

2. 英语在国际交流中的地位由于历史、文化、经济和政治原因，英语成为了世界共通的交流语言。

在国际贸易、国际关系、科学技术、旅游等领域中，英语的地位举足轻重。

很多国家把英语作为第二语言学习，以便更好地融入国际社会。

3. 英语国家文化特点英语国家拥有丰富多样的文化，包括文学、艺术、音乐、电影等。

英国文化以其悠久的历史、文学作品和皇室传统而闻名；美国文化则以其多元文化、好莱坞电影、流行音乐等领域有着巨大影响力。

4. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家拥有世界顶尖的教育体系，包括英国的牛津大学、剑桥大学等，美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等。

这些学府不仅吸引着来自全球的学生，也为国际学生提供了优质的教育资源。

二、参考内容1. 英国英国是英语国家的发源地，拥有悠久的历史、文化和传统。

英国的教育体系著名于世，在全球范围内享有盛誉。

参考内容可包括英国的地理位置、历史概述、国家特色、名胜古迹、教育体系等。

2. 美国美国是使用英语的最大国家，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。

美国的文化多元，享有世界级的艺术、电影和音乐产业。

参考内容可包括美国的地理、历史、政治制度、经济实力、文化特点等。

3. 加拿大加拿大是英语国家中面积最大的国家，也是全球最宜居的国家之一。

加拿大的教育体系、医疗服务和社会福利享誉国际。

参考内容可包括加拿大的地理特点、历史发展、多元文化、经济实力等。

4. 澳大利亚澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，英语是其官方语言。

澳大利亚是一个富有自然景观和野生动物资源的国家，吸引着来自世界各地的游客和留学生。

Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack（英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗）2. The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngland London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化”2.一个高度城市化3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词：Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地，这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。

《英语国家概况》六个国家的重大事件时间国家事件书本页数3000BC 英The first known settlers of Britain appeared(Iberians) 16 2000BC 英the Beaker Folk arrived from Holland and Rhineland to U.K. 16 700BC 英The celts began to arrive in U.K. until the arrive of Roman 17 55BC 英Roman invasion 18mid-5th CD 英Anglo-Saxons' invasion and the establish of Heptarchy 20 the 4th CD 爱Gaels arrived. 189432 爱The arrival of St.Patrick 189597 英St.Augustine tried to convert English to Christianity 228th-9th CD 英The Viking and Danish Invasions 231066 英The Norman Conquest(the best known event in English history) 241066-1381 英Norman Rule(feudal system was established in England) 27 1100-1135 英Henry II's Reforms 291215 英The Great Charter(Magna Carta) 321265 英Simon de Montfort arranged the earliest Parliament 341337-1453 英The Hundred year's War with France 351348-1349 英The Black Death 371381 英Wat Tyler and Jack Straw led the peasant uprising 381455-1485 英Wars of Roses 401485 英The English Penaissance 471492 美Columus discovered the new New Continent 2361497 加John Cabot discovered the east coast of Canada 3691529-1543 英The English Reformation (Henry VIII) 421605 英Gunpowder plot 511607 美First English Colony in Americans 2361640-1660 英Long Parliament 541642-1646 英The First Civil War(Puritan Revolution) 561649 英Charles's execution 561660 英The Restoration 581688 英Gloious Revolution(Bill of rights) 591740 英The enclosure 651756-1763 加the Seven Years War 3701769 新the first Engishman to visit New Zealand 5141773 美Boston Tea Party 2391775 美Battle of Lexington(Beginning of American Independence War) 2391780-1830 英The Industrial Revolution 661783 美Treaty of Paris(Britain recognized independence of the U.S. 241 1787 美Great Compromise 2421788 澳The colonization of Australia by the British 4301791 美Bill of Rights 2431791 美The Act of 1791 separate the Canada to Upper and Lower 371 1812 美,英The 1812 War between Britain and U.S. 2431833 英the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union was established 73 1840 爱Great Irish Famine 1901840 新The Treaty of Waitangi 5151836-1848 英The Chartist Movement 691850s 澳The Goldrushes 4391861 美The Begin of the America Civil War 2481867 加became a dominion(North American Act) 3721893 英The Labour Party was formed 741901 澳Commonwealth of Australia came into being 4461916 爱Eater Uprising(Irish Republic was proclaimed 1901914-1918 全The First World War 80,255,4481929 美The Great Depression 2581936-1939 全The Second World War 83,261,452,5171948 爱declared itself a republic(voted itself out of Commonwealth) 190 1948 美The Berlin blockade 2671949 美The Truman Doctrine 2661950-1976 美The Vietnam War 2741961 美Cuban Missle Crisis 2731961-1973 美Reform,Radicalism and Disappointment 2781972 美Watergate Scandal 2801973 爱admitted to EC 191。

英语国家概况期末内容总结Introduction:The United Kingdom (UK) is a country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a rich history, diverse culture, and strong economy. This overview will delve into various aspects of the UK, including its geography, history, economy, politics, education, and cultural heritage.I. Geography:The UK is composed of the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. It has a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The landscape is diverse, ranging from rolling hills and fertile farmlands to rugged mountains, such as the Scottish Highlands. Major rivers include the Thames and the Severn.II. History:The UK has a fascinating history that spans thousands of years. It was once part of the Roman Empire and later saw the arrival of Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It became a major global power during the colonial era and played a central role in both World Wars. The British Empire at its height spanned territories across the globe. The UK experienced industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries, which led to significant social and economic changes.III. Economy:The UK has one of the world's largest economies, with a strong service sector that includes finance, healthcare, education, and creative industries. It is renowned for its financial hub in London, known as the City. Other important sectors include manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. The UK is a member of the European Union, although in 2016, it voted to leave the EU, a process commonly referred to as Brexit.IV. Politics:The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The UK Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The political landscape is dominated by two major political parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.V. Education:The UK is renowned for its prestigious universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. It has a highly regarded education system, offering a wide range of options from primary totertiary education. The UK is home to numerous cultural institutions and museums, enriching the overall educational experience. The country also promotes lifelong learning, with various adult education programs available.VI. Cultural Heritage:The UK has a rich cultural heritage that encompasses literature, music, art, and sport. It has produced renowned authors like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and J.K. Rowling. The music scene has also thrived, with iconic bands and artists such as The Beatles, Queen, and Adele. The UK's art galleries, museums, and theaters are renowned worldwide. Additionally, sport, particularly football, plays a central role in British culture.Conclusion:The United Kingdom is a country of immense historical, cultural, and economic significance. It has played a pivotal role in shaping world history and has contributed significantly to various fields of knowledge and art. With its diverse landscapes, rich heritage, and strong economy, the UK continues to be a prominent nation on the global stage.。

英美概况history知识点总结英美概况历史知识点总结英美是世界上两个最具影响力的国家之一，其悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统吸引着全世界的关注。

英美的历史可以追溯到几个世纪以前，经历了很多波折和变迁。

下面对英美的历史知识点进行总结，以便更好地了解这两个国家的过去和现在。

1. 古代历史英美的古代历史可以追溯到数千年前。

在古代，这两个地区都曾是众多古代文明的发源地，如古埃及文明、古希腊罗马文明、古印度文明等。

在这个时期，英美地区都有着独特的文化和历史传统，这些传统对今天的英美社会仍然产生了深远的影响。

2. 中世纪历史中世纪是英美历史中一个重要的时期。

在这个时期，这两个地区经历了诸多重大事件和变化。

在英国，威廉征服者的入侵、百年战争、开罗伍尔斯基等事件都对英国的政治、经济和社会产生了深远的影响。

在美国，南北战争、殖民地时期等事件也是这个时期的重要内容。

3. 近代历史近代英美历史以工业革命为标志。

工业革命的兴起给英美社会带来了翻天覆地的变化。

工业革命带来了科学技术的进步，同时也对社会产生了深远影响。

在英国，工业革命使其成为了世界上最强大的帝国之一，同时也带来了一系列社会问题。

在美国，工业革命推动了美国成为世界强国，同时也带来了新的挑战和机遇。

4. 现代历史20世纪是英美历史中一个重要的时期。

在这个时期，两国经历了两次世界大战、冷战等重大事件。

在这个时期，英美两国都成为了世界强国，其政治、经济、文化等方面都产生了深远的影响。

同时，这一时期也是英美关系的发展时期，两国在国际事务中扮演着举足轻重的角色。

5. 当代历史近年来，英美两国都经历了一系列重大事件和变革。

在英国，脱欧事件对英国政治和社会产生了深远的影响。

在美国，特朗普政府的执政、新冠疫情的爆发等事件也是这个时期的重要内容。

同时，两国在国际事务中的地位和角色也在发生变化，这对世界格局产生了深远影响。

总结英美的历史非常丰富多彩，其历史传统和文化遗产对人类文明和社会发展产生了深远的影响。

英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况：英语是目前世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，被称为国际语言。

以下是关于英语国家的概况。

1. 英语国家概述英语国家是指以英语作为官方语言或重要语言的国家。

主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、爱尔兰等。

此外，英语也是许多其他国家和地区的官方语言或教育语言，如印度、菲律宾、南非等。

2. 英国英国是英语的发源地和最重要的英语国家之一。

它由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。

英国是一个世界上最多元化和文化历史最悠久的国家之一，拥有众多的名胜古迹，如大本钟、巨石阵、伦敦塔等。

3. 美国美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，拥有丰富的资源和多元文化。

美国是一个移民国家，人口大部分由来自不同国家的移民组成。

美国的经济实力雄厚，是世界上最大的经济体之一。

美国的主要城市有纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥等。

4. 加拿大加拿大是世界上第二大国家，拥有广袤的土地和丰富的自然资源。

英语和法语是加拿大的两种官方语言，但英语在加拿大的大部分地区得到广泛使用。

加拿大是一个文化多元化的国家，各个城市和地区拥有不同的文化特点。

5. 澳大利亚澳大利亚位于南半球，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。

澳大利亚是一个拥有多种语言和文化的国家，但英语是其主要语言。

悉尼和墨尔本是澳大利亚最大的城市，也是该国的文化和商业中心。

6. 新西兰新西兰位于太平洋地区，是一个自然环境优美的国家。

英语是该国的官方语言，也是教育、商务和政府机构使用的主要语言。

新西兰是一个小而友好的国家，拥有丰富的户外活动和独特的文化。

7. 爱尔兰爱尔兰位于欧洲西部，是一个英语国家，英语是该国的官方语言。

爱尔兰是一个美丽而古老的国家，有着浓厚的文化和历史。

爱尔兰以其独特的音乐、文学和舞蹈而闻名，如爱尔兰民谣和著名的作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

8. 其他英语国家除了以上国家，英语也是印度、菲律宾、南非等许多国家和地区的官方语言或教育语言。

这些国家拥有丰富的历史和文化遗产，每个国家都有自己独特的文化和风景。

高中英语知识点归纳历史事件与制度高中英语知识点归纳：历史事件与制度英语学习中，了解一些历史事件与相关的制度是非常重要的。

这些历史事件和制度对于理解英语文化和语言的发展起到了重要的作用。

以下将对一些与历史事件和制度相关的英语知识点进行归纳。

一、美国历史事件1. The American Revolution（美国独立战争）- 1775年爆发，是美国追求独立的起点。

- 相关词汇：Declaration of Independence（独立宣言）、Founding Fathers（建国元勋）2. The Civil War（美国内战）- 1861年至1865年进行，是围绕奴隶制度展开的战争。

- 相关词汇：Abraham Lincoln（亚伯拉罕·林肯）、Emancipation Proclamation（解放黑奴宣言）3. The Great Depression（大萧条）- 1929年经济危机引发的全球经济恶化。

- 相关词汇：New Deal（新政）、Wall Street Crash（华尔街股市崩盘）二、英国历史事件1. The Magna Carta（《大宪章》）- 1215年签署，明确了国王权力受制于法律的原则。

- 相关词汇：Rule of Law（法治）、Constitutional Monarchy（君主立宪制）2. The Industrial Revolution（工业革命）- 18世纪末至19世纪初，英国工业的迅猛发展。

- 相关词汇：Steam Engine（蒸汽机）、Factory System（工厂体制）3. The British Empire（大英帝国）- 17世纪至20世纪，英国对世界各地的殖民地及其影响力的扩张。

- 相关词汇：Colonialism（殖民主义）、Commonwealth（英联邦）三、国际制度1. The United Nations（联合国）- 1945年成立，致力于国际和平与合作。

432AD St. Patrick’s arrival700BC Celts (France, Belgium, Southern Germany){600BC Gael 400BC Brython 150BC Belgae}1066 10.14 Hasting Harold died1066 William (first feudal king) Westminster Norman conquest1086 Domesday book1087 William died1100 Red William died1100-1135 Henry II’s reform1170 Fighting with Ireland for more than 800 years1170. Anglo-Saxon invaded Ireland1215 the great charter (Magna Carta) 1215.6.19.John signed Windsor 1265 Simon de Montfort founder of parliament1337-1453 hundred year’s war1348-1349 Black Death1381 Wat Tyler & jack straw Uprising1420. Henry V admitted French throne1455-1485 war of rose1485 English renaissance north of Italy Da Vince early of 14th century 1492. Discovered America1497. John Cabot discovered Canada1529-1543 the English reformation1535 Jacques Cartier reached Montreal …fur business1558-1603 Elizabeth age of 25Queen control power for 45 years1583 England colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfound land 1604.French settlement began in Nova Scotia1605 Gunpowder plot1607 first English colony in American—Jamestown in Virginia1608 Samuel de Champlain established French-Canada in Quebec1610.Henry Hudson named a bay with his name (Canada)1611 James I --bible1620 numbering201 sailed to Plymouth by mayflower1636 Harvard College1641.serious rebellion was started, &ended by Cromwell1642 Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand1642-1646(1st civil war) puritan revolution 1648-1649(2nd civil war)1649.1.30 Charles I was condemned1649-1660 commonwealth under Oliver Crommwell1658 Crommwell died1660 the restoration1670.found English Hudson Bay Company1688 Glorious Revolutionlate 18th agricultural changes1740 the enclosure1756-1763 the seven years war1763 treaty of paris give Canada to England1773 boston tea party1774 Quebect of Act French rights were guaranteed1774 first continental meeting American refused to buy goods of England1775 Battle of Lexington (beginning of American Independence war)1775 2nd continental Congress was hold in Philadelphia founded a continental navy & army1776.7.4. the Congress adopted the declaration1780-1830 the industrial revolution1753 treaty of Paris (Britain recognized independence of the US)1781 Article of Confederation1787.6.16 great compromise1787 300.000 aboriginal people in Australia1787.12 The Constitution was first ratified by Delaware (U.S)1788 the colonization of Australia by the British1789 4. Washington was the President1789 the bill of right ----the first tenth amendment (U.S)1791 the Canada Act divided Canada Upper & Lower1791 bill of right3-immigration wave:1.1805-18452. 1860-1890rgest 1890-19144 people mobile1. Between the end of the civil war & 1880: east coast to west2. 1890-1920: rural to city3. 1920-1960: black people moved out of the south to other areas4. the end of the 1960s till now: northeast ¢ral north to west & south , to the sunbelt1799-1800. Combination Act forbid formation of Union1812 the last war between Britain & US1830 Britain was the workshop of the world1836-1848 chartist movement1836 skilled worker & small shopkeeper formed London trade Union1838 people’s charter1840 Opium War1840. treaty of waitangi Hobson signed it with Maori1840.the Act of Union UPPER & LOWER merged one STATE1845 great Irish Famine immigration peak of US1846-1848 the war between US & Mexico1848.Canada became self-government1850 goldrush of Australia1850 Great compromise1851. Victoria became colony (Australia)1852.Newzealand was granted internal self-government1860. European settlers & Maori inhabitants led to fighting about land dispute 1861.4.12—1865.4.9. civil war (U.S)1862. half of the miners in California were Chinese laborers1863 Linclon Emancipation Proclamation1863.11. the turning point of American civil war :Gettysburg in Pennsylvania 1865.4.14 Lincoln was shot1865 13th amendment finished slave system1865.established Wellington1866 kkk (1915 reactivated)1866-1896 conservative party control power (Canada)1867 British north America act. established Canada as a dominion1869.the first prime minister of Canada: John Macdonald1870.gold boom ended Dunedin was the financial center1871.British Columbia joined federation1873. Prince Edward entered federation1882.the first refrigerated ship carried food from New Zealand to England 1882.5.the Chinese Exclusion Act1885-1903 serious droughts the sheep numbers were reduced by half & cattle numbers by 40%(Australian)1893 first women voting country in New Zealand1896-1911 Wilfrid Laurier, an eminent French Canadian took over & ruled country, he founded the Canada Navy1896-1914 Canada have hydroelectric & paper mill1901 commonwealth of Australia came into being1906 Hepburn Act regulated railway price1914-1918 WWI1917.4.6 declared war to Germany1919.1.18 PARIS conference divided Germany Austro-Hungary& the Ottoman Empire1919.11.7&1920.1.2 Red Scare1929 great depression1929.10.24. Black Thursday stock market bankrupt1931.the statute of Westminster Canada were formally declared to be partner nations with Britain &bound together only by their loyalty to a common crown. since then Canada became a member of the commonwealth of nationsmonwealth1939-1945 WWII1941 the pearl Harbor1943.11.Teheran attacked south of France1945.2. Yalta Stalin promised that declared war to Japan after defeated Germany formed UN1946-1964 baby boom1947 offer western European countries( Marshall plan) US support any country which was fighting against communism(Truman Doctrine)1947-1957 McCarthyism1949.Truman put forward containment to SOVIET1949.Ireland declared itself a republic1949. Newfound land became 10th province of Canada1950-1975 Vietnam War signed mutural defence treaty with Chaing kaishek1958-1968 2nd serious drought in Australia1964. Civil right act It forbid discrimination ,&employment on the basis ofrule ,color,religion,sex ornational origin1965. Voting right act guarantee the black & others the right to vote1966.Ireland established free trade area with UN1972. Nixon visit China1972.THE Accident compensation Act unique in the world, provides insurance against injury by accident at any time (New Zealand)1972.8. Nixon resigned1973.1.27.the Paris agreement was signed by the US & North Vietnam1973.joined EC1974.the first bilingual school was established1975.Maori land march to parliament1979.1.China& US established relationship1979.6.22. Established relationship with China1983.THE official Information Act gives the public more access the government files1987.6.6.Meech Lake Accord ------1990.6. it was killed1988.more than 2000.000 people in 21 cities (US)1901.1.1.The British Parliament enacted Australia the commonwealth of Australia constitution Act1991.50member countriesnd in the center of Wanganui was occupied by Maori protesters (New Zealand)。