初中英语语法大全 冠词

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初中英语语法大全:冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。

冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。

不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。

定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。

I 不定冠词1.a和an的区别不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。

an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

此处需要注意:是元音不是元音字母。

有些词元音字母开头却要用an,有些词辅音字母开头却用a。

以辅音字母开头不定冠词却用an的单词,如h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。

an hour an honor an honest boy以元音字母开头不定冠词却用a的单词,如u是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。

a unit a useful/useless thing a university a uniform a usual task a united form a European country a one-eyed man a one-way trip另an unusual man 这种情况因为太经常记U开头字母很多加a而忽略了此处unusual是以元音开头。

2(1)不定冠词的用法①泛指—类人或物。

eg. This is a pencil case.②指不具体的某个人或物。

eg. I met an old man On my way home.③用在序数词前,相当于another.e g. There’s a third boy near the shop.④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.eg. They have music lessons twice a week.必背!give a lesson 教(一堂)课take a bath 洗(个)澡 have a rest 休息have a talk 听报告 have a fever 发烧have a good time 过得愉快have(take)a walk散步have a headache 头疼have a nice trip 旅途愉快a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo(2)不定冠词的位置①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。

eg, a bike, an egg②当名词被half, such, what, many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。

eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework. 半个钟He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door. 匆匆忙忙What a dangerous job it is!非常危险Many a man has gone to the big cities for work. 很多人③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station. 很善良的女孩How nice a film this is!很棒的电影④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时,不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。

eg.It is quite a good book. 很好的一本书That is rather a useful too1.很实用的工具This is a very interesting story. 很有趣的故事II.定冠词的用法(1)定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。

eg:I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy’s name is Mark. The girl’s name is Penny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。

eg:The girl in a red dress comes from America.(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。

eg:My shoes are under the bed. Please open the window.(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didn't pass the exam. 他是唯一一个没通过考试的人。

(5)用在序数词前。

eg: Monday is the second day of a week. Where do you live?I live on the second floor.注意:序数词与不定冠词用的时候有不同的意思(6)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。

eg The moon moves round the earth.(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。

the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(伤员)(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。

eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.(9)用在乐器前。

(但中国民族乐器前不用冠词,play Erhu拉二胡)eg. play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。

eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown. I think he is in the thirties. (11)用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面。

the Yangzi River 长江the North China Plain 华北平原the Rocky Mountains 洛矶山脉the Black Sea 黑海(12)用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面。

the Beijing Railway Station 北京站the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United Nations 联合国(13)含有定冠词the的词组。

in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午(下午、晚上)on the right 在左边by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema (theatre ,concert…)去看电影(看戏、听音乐会……)in the front of 在前部in the front of 在中间at (in) the beginning 开始in the end 终于in the daytime 白天on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面……;另一方面注意:表示某一类人或事物时,以下三种方法都可以。

如:马是一种有用的动物。

The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠词)A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠词)Horses are useful animals.(用复数)III.不用冠词的情况:(1)名词前有指示代词this, that, these, those时不用冠词。

eg. That girl is my friend.(2)名词前有物主代词my, your, his her, their等时不用冠词。

eg. Lucy is her sister.(3)名词前有whose, which, any, each, every等代词时不用冠词。

eg. Which man is Mr Green?Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。

eg. Those young men are teachers, not students.(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。

eg. Snow is white.(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。

eg.Does she like music?(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。

eg.play basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠词。

eg. have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。

eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National D ay 国庆节注意在民间节日,即以Festival 组成的节日名称前要加the。

eg. the Spring festival 春节(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。

eg. My favorite is English.(11)家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一人担任的职务的名词前不用冠词。

Father is at home, but Mother isn't.爸爸在家,妈妈不在家。

注意此时要用大写MotherWe'll make you monitor. 我们会让你当上班长的。

Sir, may you answer me a question?先生,您能回答我一个问题吗?(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。

eg: at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last另外,在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。