人教版英语语法专项突破讲义：词性转换(构词法)及答案

语法填空之词性转换、比较等级和名词的数距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。

在解答此类题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，前面可能会有冠词、形容词或者形容词性物主代词修饰；动词作谓语与非谓语；形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词；副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级。

三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。

如何判定是否考查词形转换[经典感悟]【例】(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65.____________(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.____________(meaning). The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.解析：第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。

语法专项突破专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第3讲词性转化(构词法)一、动词/形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀二、名词/动词转化为形容词的规律三、形容词转化为副词的规律❖厘清两种情况，突破词性转化❖一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰”与“被修饰”1.名词在句中做宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰。

[例1] She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the __________(develop) of chopsticks.2.形容词在句中做定语，常放在名词之前[例3]It was a relief and I came to a _________(suddenly) stop just in the middle of the road.3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后[例4]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be _________(freely) from them.4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5] As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so ___________(beauty).5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]Dad and I were __________(terrible) worried.7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。

第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。

前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。

将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。

[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。

2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．解析：education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．解析：attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。

第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。

前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。

将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。

动词、形容词转换为名词[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。

2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．解析：education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．解析：attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。

专题二十二词类转换（构词法）重难点分析英语在表达句子时，根据句子成分的不同需用不同的词性，如作主语或宾语常用名词形式，作定语常用形容词形式，而作状语则用副词形式，这就需要词类转换了。

词类转换是英语构词法中最普遍也是最重要的一种构词现象。

此外，词类转换是历年高考语法填空和短文改错的必考点，年年必有，考生应予以特别重视！本专题就词类转换进行详细讲解，供考生学习和参考。

真题再练1.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.3.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.4.As(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.5.The river was so polluted that it(actual) caught fire and burned.6.Just be(patience).7.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.思路点拨当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转换。

第三讲词性转换(构词法)[思维导图]一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词－ion/－tion/－sion/－ationcorrect→correction 改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引conclude→conclusion 结论；结束discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学invite→invitation 邀请explain→explanation 解释graduate→graduation 毕业expect→expectation 期望－er/－or drive→driver 司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer 收集者；采集者teach→teacher 老师announce→announcer 广播员conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员－ment punish→punishment 惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩；成就argue→argument 辩论；论据treat→treatment 对待；治疗equip→equipment 装备；设备govern→government 政府－ance/ －ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅－ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉begin→beginning 开始－ure/－ture fail→failure 失败；倒闭press→pressure 压力depart→departure 离开；出发mix→mixture 混合；混合物－y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover→discovery 发现其他choose→choice 选择vary→variety 多样化；种类tend→tendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－age short→shortage 不足；短缺－cy efficient→efficiency 效率；功效fluent→fluency 流利；流畅accurate→accuracy 准确性private→privacy 隐私；私密－dom free→freedom 自由；自主wise→wisdom 明智；智慧。

专题06 词性转化〔构词法〕——高效演练一．单句语法填空1. The boy ran(quick)to school.【答案】quickly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。

空格前的ran需用副词修饰，故填quickly。

2. "What's that? "Father shouted (angry).【答案】angrily【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。

空格前的shouted需用副词修饰，故填angrily。

3. The little girl is(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.【答案】extremely【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。

空格后的形容词eager需用副词修饰，故填extremely。

句意：这个小女孩迫切想知道考试的结果。

4. Your composition is (bad)organized. Please do your writing exercise more attentively next time.【答案】badly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。

空格后的形容词bad需用副词修饰，故填badly。

句意：你的作文组织结构太差。

下次请务必多加注意。

5. He is rather(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.【答案】selfish【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。

空格前的rather是副词，要修饰形容词，故填selfish。

句意：他这个人太自私，没有人愿意跟他说话。

6. The good working condition in the factory is(attract).【答案】attractive【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为形容词。

空格处是表语位置，需用形容词，故填attractive。

第三讲词性转换(构词法)语法填空【典题试做】1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief(believe) that populations are increasing.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are so proud of her.It’s wonderful(wonder)．5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many traditional(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with tourists.7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy)．8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption.10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.12．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.1．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；2．考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。

2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破17【词性转换】高考英语词性转换(构词法)速查速记考点一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ation expect→expectation期望correct→correction 改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引conclude→conclusion 结论discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论特殊：explain→explanation 解释admit→admission 接纳；准许入学compete→competition 比赛，竞争pronounce→pronunciation 发音describe→description 描写decide→decision决定invite→invitation 邀请graduate→graduation 毕业-er/-or drive→driver司机；驾驶员announce→announcer 广播员conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员-ment punish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩；成就treat→treatment 对待；治疗equip→equipment 装备；设备govern→government 政府特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance 表演；节目exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导-ing begin→beginning开始-ure/-ture fail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure 压力depart→departure 离开；出发mix→mixture 混合；混合物特殊：expose→exposure 暴露-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery 发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety 多样化；种类tend→tendency 趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-age short→shortage不足；短缺-cy accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy 隐私；私密efficient→efficiency 效率；功效fluent→fluency 流利；流畅-dom free→freedom自由；自主特殊：wis e→wisdom 明智；智慧bored→boredom 厌烦-ence/-ance different→difference差异silent→silence 沉默patient→patience 耐心absent→absence 缺席present→presence 出席confident→confidence 信心convenient→convenience 便利important→importance 重要-ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness 仁慈；好意careless→carelessness 粗心大意-th warm→warmth温暖；热情特殊：strong→strength 力气；强项deep→depth 深度long→length 长度wide→width 宽度-y/-ty/-ity honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty 困难safe→safety 安全cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴特殊：responsible→responsibility 责任disable→disability 无能；伤残考点二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-able accept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的suit→suitable 合适的reason→reasonable 有道理的-al music→musical音乐的origin→original 最初的person→personal 个人的；私人的center→central 中央的；中心的nature→natural 自然的；天生的-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的harm→harmful 有害的hope→hopeful 有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的-ed scare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused 感到困惑的underline→underlined 加下划线的-ing surprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing 令人信服的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的-ible access→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的-ive act→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective 有效的；生效的attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的-ous continue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious 忧虑的caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious 好奇的humor→humorous 幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的-y taste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的-ern east→eastern东方的；向东的-ish child→childish孩子气的[来源学。

构词法一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如：①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如：①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。

④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如：Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。

例如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。

落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词（三）词性转换（构词法）单句语法填空1．Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in (safe)．safety解析：句意：维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过，所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。

in safety意为“安全”，是固定短语。

2．The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract) in New York City.attraction解析：句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。

设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰，应用名词单数。

3．At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious)．curiosity解析：句意：起初，那里的人们发现中国人和他们的工作很奇怪。

我父亲经常看到人们出于好奇而追赶火车。

介词of后应使用名词，此处是短语out of curiosity“出于好奇”。

4．The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.description解析：空格前有不定冠词，空格后有介词of，故此处填名词。

5．People who are far­sighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s (long)．length解析：此处表示除非放在一臂远的距离外。