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英语句子成分“讲义”英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。
这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。
例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。
例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
句子成分 & 基本句子结构知识框架知识讲解句子成分My friend,Tom, found his money missing on the way home yesterday.Hewas worried.1. 主语（subject ）— S句子的主体，是句子说明的人或事物，通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句担任。
句子成分 补语 状语 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 基本句子结构主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语主语+连系动词+表语 主语+谓语+双宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 主语+谓语+状语 主语+谓语+宾语+状语There be 句型 同位语 表语The apple is red.Four and five makes nine.The sick and the old need our help.Running is good for health.2. 谓语（verb）—V表示主语的动作或状态，由动词担任He often reads newspapers.The plane takes off at 8 o’clock.3. 宾语（object）—O表示动作的对象或行为承受者，一般位于及物动词（短语）或介词之后，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句担任直接宾语：direct object —DO间接宾语：indirect object —IOWhere did you buy that?I wish to call on you.We should help the poor.Do you understand what I mean?4. 表语（predicative）—P位于系动词之后，说明主语的特征、类属、状态或身份，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词短语或从句担任Please feel free to say what you really think.e to see me tomorrow when I am at work.She is singing.Dancing is her favorite activity.5. 宾语补足语（object plement）—C位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明的成分，通常由形容词、分词（短语）、不定式（短语）、名词、介词（短语）或副词担任I found the book very interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.注意：主动语态变被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语Someone considered him to have stolen the money.He was considered to have stolen the money by someone.6. 定语（attributive）修饰或限定名词或代词的成分，通常由形容词、代词、数词、名词（所有格）、动名词（短语）、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）或从句担任Open your mouth and put on your tongue.It’s a fine day today.Put the child in the sleeping bag.Let’s try another way to do this.7. 状语（Adverbial）—A用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、程度、条件、方式、让步等。
英语句子结构详细讲解一．句子成分分析1．主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。
一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，从句担任,常置于句首。
（名词）（主格代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（主语从句）2. 谓语（predicate）对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.（动词）（动词短语）(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成（情态动词+动词原形）She （助动词do+动词原形）（助动词has+动词原形）补充：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。
被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
最常用的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)②由系动词加表语构成（即主系表结构）（状态系动词be+表语）（表象系动词look+表语）补充：系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。
有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
1．状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
）2．持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分结构详解一、英语语句基本结构分析：( 一) 主谓宾结构：1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词 ( 如 boy) ，主格代词 ( 如 you) ，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家 !eg: The boy comes from America.( 名词 )He made a speech.( 主格代词 )Two plus two is four. ( 数词 )To be a teacher is my dream.( 动词不定式 )Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.( 动名词 ) 2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
谓语可以是不及物动词 (vi.) 没有宾语，形成主谓结构，eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘ 代词宾格’，如： me， him，them 等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
eg：I will do it tomorrow. 代词宾格The boy needs a pen. 名词I like swimming. 动名词I like to swim this afternoon.不定式( 二) 主系表结构：1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词become成为get 变的turn 变成go 变be 动词am,is,are,was,were,have been感官动词：feel, touch, hear, see 等。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，不可能是宾语。
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词联系动词eg: He becamea teacher at last.His face turned red.感官动词多可用作联系动词eg: He looks well. 他面色好。
英语语法复习一——句子成分英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。
其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）一、主语（名词结构的词可做主语）二、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语）四、补语（宾语补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）五、表语（放在系动词之后，对主语进行说明的成分就是表语）句子修饰成分：定语、状语六、定语：（主要用于修饰主语和宾语的形容词结构，也可理解为修饰名词的形容词结构，限定词，单个形容词，现在分词和过去分词一般放在名词左边；形容词短语、不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句和同位语从句一般放在名词右边）七、状语（用于修饰动词的副词或者相当于副词的结构）Practice:请指出下面文章的句子成分:Americans today have different eating habits. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, american purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers ofpeople who live alone. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, ove r half of American houses now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nealy four times a week on average.It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. Beef, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.。
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 .主语（subject）主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.名词Twenty years is a short time in history.数词The poor are now living in the shelter名词化的形容词Seeing is believing.动名词To see is to believe.不定式He likes dancing.代词What he needs is a book .句子（主从）It is n ecessary to master a foreig n Ian guage.2谓语：：说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词；He can speakEnglish well. Shedoesn' t sedonlike dancing3宾语：动作的对象或承受者一一及物动词或介词的宾语，即动宾&介宾，常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport, please.名词She did n't say anything.代词How many do you want? - I want two.数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me 不定式They sent the injured to hospital.名词化的形容词I think （that）he is fit for this job. 句子（宾语从句宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动物.（双宾语结构）He gave me some books. Please passne the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers /4.宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整（宾语的复合结构）。
第一讲句子成分及句子结构第1讲：句子成分和句子结构（一）句子成分定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，句子必须有主语和谓语）。
1．主语主语是句子陈述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：(1) 代词作主语 We work in a big factory.(2) 名词作主语 The classroom is very big.(3) 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个就够了(4)不定式作主语To learn English well is important.学好英语很重要。
（不定式做主语常用it来代替）It is important to learn English well.(5)动名词作主语Watching TV is bad for your eyes.看电视对眼睛有害。
(6)从句作主语That the earth goes around the sun is true.地球绕着太阳转是事实。
（常用It来代替）。
It is true that the earth goes around the sun.What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.(7)在“There be ”句型中，主语在there be 之后。
如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.There is a desk and four chairs in the room(8)在倒装结构中，主语在动词后。
On the wall hang two pictures .墙上挂着两幅图画。
In front of the building stands a tall tree.楼前有一棵大树。
1. 按照结构划分，句子种类可分为简单句、并列句和复杂句。
⑪简单句（Simple Sentence）：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
如：①You cannot make a crab walk straight.②Japanese people are experiencing and suffering from phantom quakes as well as other symptoms of “earthquake sickness.”⑫并列句（Compound Sentence）：由and，but，so，or，for等并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句，构成并列句。
如：①Take care of your field, and your field will take care of you.②China has been slow to adopt auto recall procedures similar to those in the West, but new regulations are in the works.③A fifth-grader in YuShu wants to become an architect and designer, so she can build fine houses in her hometown.④Some people pay too much attention to making money, for they believe money makes the mare go.⑤Don’t make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you.⑬复合句（Complex Sentence）：一个主句和一个（或多个）由从属连词引导的从句，构成复合句。
根据从句在主句中所起的作用，从句可以分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。
①What is done by night appears by day. (主语从句)②Duty is what one expects from others. (表语从句)③A straw shows which way the wind blows. (宾语从句)④To be angry with a weak man is a proof that you are not very strong yourself. (同位语从句)⑤One must drink as one brews. (状语从句)⑥The landscape belongs to the man who looks at it. (定语从句)⑭并列复合句（Compound Complex Sentence）：并列句中又内含从句的句子。
如：It started with an earthquake that led to a tsunami and one of the worst nuclear power disasters in history happened.2. 按照功能划分，句子种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
⑪陈述句（Declarative Sentence或Statement）：]用来陈述事实。
如：①All men are poets at heart.②Might is right.⑫疑问句（Interrogative Sentence或Question）：用来提出问题。
如：①Is might right?Yes, it is. [一般疑问句（General Question或Yes-No Question）]②What is right?Might is right. [特殊疑问句（Special Question或Wh- Question）]③Is might right or wrong?Might is right.（选择疑问句）④. Might isn’t right, is it?Yes, it is. [反意疑问句或附加疑问句（Tag Question）]⑬祈使句（Imperative Sentence或Command）：用来发出命令或请求。
如：①Have an aim in life, or your energies will all be wasted.②Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.⑭感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence或Exclamation）：用来表示惊叹或感叹。
如：①What a fine day it is today!②How fine it is today!组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。
1. 主语（Subject）：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，通常由名词（名词短语或名词性从句）、代词、动名词、不定式和数词等担任。
如：①A bad workman always blames his tools.②It rains cats and dogs.③Two in distress makes sorrow less.④Keeping is harder than winning.⑤The poor are rich when they are satisfied.⑥To know how to wait is the great secret of success.⑦What makes life dreary is the want of motive.2. 谓语（Predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词词组担任。
如：①A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.②Who makes everything right must rise early.③The fame of great men ought to be judged always by the means they used to acquire it.3. 表语（Predicative）：位于连系动词be等之后，说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。
通常由名词、代词、形容词等充当。
如：①Thought is the seed of action.②Telling your troubles is swelling your troubles.③The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.④Happiness is not something you experience; it is something you remember.⑤A disease known is half cured.⑥True friendship is like sound health；the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.⑦A change of work is as good as a rest.⑧All men cannot be first.⑨When the cat is away, the mice will play.⑩Mountains look beautiful from a distance.3. 宾语（Object）：跟在及物动词之后，表示动作行为的对象（动宾）；或跟在介词之后，表示介词所联系的对象（介宾）。
通常由名词、代词、数词等担任。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
⑪直接宾语（Direct Object或Od）：可单独接在动词后面，往往指物。
如：①Money can buy the devil himself.②Love me, love my dog.⑫间接宾语（Indirect Object或Oi）：通常不能单独接在动词后面，而须与直接宾语一起使用，往往指人。
如：①Poverty shows us what we are.②Our best friends are those who tell us our faults and help us to mend them.4. 定语（Attribute）：修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等来充当。
如：①Your father’s honor to you but a second-hand honor.② A ready way to lose friends is to lend him money.③A barking dog is better than a sleeping lion.④A burnt child dreads the fire.⑤A friend without faults will never be found.5. 状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句等，通常由副词、分词、介词短语等担任。
如：①Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory.②Diseases come on horseback, but go away on foot.③Eat to please yourself, but dress to please others.④Man alone is born crying, lives complaining, and dies disappointed.7. 补语（或补足语）（Complement）：说明主语或宾语，故可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语，通常由形容词，名词、分词、动词不定式等充当。
⑪主语补语（简称主补）（Subject Complement或Cs）：补充说明主语特征。
表语就是位于连系动词之后的主语补语。
The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger.⑫宾语补语（简称宾补）（Object Complement或Co）：位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语特征。
