第十八课课后练习2

第十八课课后练习1) by choice out of one's own choice, willingly(He was the first to practice the creed of cynicism out of his own will.)2) by example by setting up an example through his conduct or way of life(He did not just preach his principle, he also practiced his beliefs.) 3) possess become master of, control(The rich man was actually enslaved by his possessions.)4) restamp the currency erase the false conventional markings on human life and imprint it with its true values(The explanation can be found in the sentence in Line 63.)5) turned to philosophy changed his former way of life and switched his interest to philosophy(He used to be one of those profit-happy people but later he became interested in philosophy and took it as the aim of life.)6) discoursed lectured, preached(In the previous sentence, other philosophers taught their pupils. This sentence is an example of that.)7) by design by plan, purposefully(His purpose was not to teach a chosen few within walls, but to be amissionary for the common people. So he chose to live in rich, busy cities where travelers came and went.)8) kennel Diogenes' hut which was like that of a dog's(The "Dog's kennel" is a metaphor which refers to Diogenes' dwelling place -- a sleeping cask and the ground.)9) spear thrust with a spear(Here spear is used as a verb meaning to thrust or kill with a spear.)Key to Multiple-Choice QuestionsI.A 2. D 3. A 4. CSuggested Versions of Translation Exercise1．他不断地拿起他们的精神硬币，扔在石头上，听其音色，辨其真伪，然后嘲笑刻在上面的虚假铸文。

2．他就这么活着——有人说，像一只狗，因为他毫不在乎隐私及其他的人类习俗，也因为他龇牙咧嘴向着那些他不喜欢的人狂吠。

3．如今，亚历山大在哥林多统领希腊城邦联盟，这联盟是他父亲菲利普在征服了各城邦后为新创建的新马其顿国家体系设的幌子。

4．亚里士多德使他懂得宽容大度是一个真正胸襟宽阔的人的一种品质，正是怀着这样宽阔的胸襟，亚历山大决心造访狄奥真尼斯。

5．他们把这当作一个悖论，无非是以一句彬彬有礼的收场话来结束这令人尴尬的小闹剧。

但亚历山大说的却是真心话，他懂得犬儒主义，而其他人则理解不了。

翻译其余长难句1.There have been many men who grew tired of human society with itscomplications, and went away to live simply --- on a small farm, in a quiet village, in a hermit’s cave, or in the darkness of anonymity.(L55)2.He and his father had once been convicted for counterfeiting, longbefore he turned to philosophy, and this phrase was Diogenes’ bold, unembarrassed joke on the subject. (L60)3.human conventions, and because he showed his teeth and barked atthose whom he disliked. (L.93)4.Jugglers and stunt artists and virtuosos of the absurd he dismissed witha shrug, but on reaching India he was to spend hours discussing theproblems of life and death with naked Hindu mystics, and later to see one demonstrate Yoga self-command by burning himself impassively to death. (L128)5.Some years later Alexander speared his best friend to the wall, forobjecting to the exaggerated honors paid to His Majesty; but now he was still young and civil. (L154)翻译其余长难句答案1.有好些人厌倦了人世的纷繁复杂，跑到一个小农场，一个安静的村庄，一个隐士的洞穴里，在隐姓埋名的默默无闻中，过着简单的生活。

2.他和他的父亲从前曾一度因制造伪币而被判有罪，那是远在他钻研哲学之前；狄欧根尼用这个用语来开这件事的玩笑，它大胆却又不失尴尬。

3.重新铸造货币：就是将人生这块洁净的金属拿来，抹掉上面那些陈旧虚假的传统花纹，再给它印上真实的价值。

4.他对那些变戏法、耍魔术、擅长荒诞演奏的艺人们不屑一顾，将他们遣散发落，但是，到了印度后，他却花了不少时间，同那些赤身露体的印度教徒讨论生与死的问题；后来他还亲眼目睹有人演示瑜珈功的自我控制能力，泰然自若地把自己焚烧致死。

5.若干年后，亚历山大的一位好友，因为反对他这位国王陛下获得过分的荣耀，被他用长矛刺死墙端。

但是现在的亚历山大还很年轻，还讲究礼貌行事。

难句改写1.… he looked like a beggar or a lunatic. He was one, but not the other.(L.1)2.… mocking and satirizing its people, and occasionally converting oneof them. (L.31)3.He was not a recluse, or a stylite or a beatnik. He was a missionary.(L.58)4.…the young prince slept with the Iliad under his pillow and longed toemulate Achilles, who brought the mighty power of Asia to ruin.(L.117)there was silence, not the ominous silence preceding a burst of fury, buta hush of amazement. (L.162)答案1.…he looked like a beggar or a mad man. He was a beggar, but hewas not a mad man.2.…making fun of and criticizing its people, and sometimespersuading one of them to accept his belief.3.He was not a recluse who avoided people, or a stylite who led aself-denying and austere life, or a beatnik of the 1960s who adopts unconventional manners to defy the mainstream culture. He was a missionary who devoted his life to the preaching of his belief.4.…the young prince was so fascinated by the epic, Iliad, and itsheroes that he earnestly wished to do as well as and even better than Achilles, who destroyed the great power of Asia.5.there was silence, not the silence that served as a sign that anexplosion of rage would follow, but a silence out of great surprise and wonder.改写长难句1.But he was the first who ever did so by choice, out of principle. (L38)2.In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has soldthe only true, lasting good, his own independence. (L52)3.Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escapecomplexities and superfluities and extravagances, only so can you livea free life. (L44)4.Surely Diogenes, the God-born, would acknowledge the conqueror’spower by some gift of hoarded wisdom. (L145)5.With his handsome face, his fiery glance, his strong supple body, hispurple and gold cloak, and his air of destiny, he moved through the parting crowd, toward the Dog’s kennel. (L148)改写长难句答案1.He was the first person who willing chose to live a beggar’s life and such a way of living was in agreement with his creed.2.In order to obtain those things which make one’s life comfortable, but which have no true value and cannot last long, the rich man has sold himself and become the slave of his money and property. The independence that he has lost is the most valuable thing and can last as long as he lives.3.You can live a free life only when you are free from the wrongregulations, complications and unnecessary and expensive things.4.Without doubt, Dio-genes, which means God-born in Greek language, would admit Alexander’s power with the talent that he had saved.5.Alexander was handsome. He had penetrating eyes. His body was strong and graceful. He dressed himself in purple and gold cloak. He looked as if he had the power to control the life and death of the people around him. The crowd moved apart and made a space for him to come to Diogenes’ home—the dog’s shelter.。