王文柯2015考研英语导学课

2015年考研英语（二）深度解析——完型1. [A] signal【解析】此题考查名词辨析：they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.空前后的内容提示我们所选择的单词隶属地铁上的某种东西，但是还和手机相关，能实现这个双重身份的单词只有A选项“信号”。

2. [D] much【解析】此题考查名词辨析和转折逻辑关系：所选择的单词是用于补全there be句型而且该题的选项中存在一对反义词little和much。

后文中的转折But you wouldn’t know it…是一个否定语气的句子，我们便可推测该空应选择一个表达积极意义的词，也就是选项D. much。

3. [C] plugged【解析】此题考查动词辨析和固定搭配：从题干来看，所选单词必须和into搭配，而且所选择的动词要实现人和手机的某种动作关系。

A. beaten“打败”B. guided“指导”D. brought“带来”都不符合要求，只有D. plugged“陷入、投入”才符合。

4. [D] message【解析】此题考查名词辨析：题目要求选择的名词必须符合动宾搭配sends the ，即“发送”。

A. sign“标志”B. code“密码”C. notice“公告”都不符合题目要求，只有D. message “信息”符合。

5. [A] behind【解析】此题考查介词辨析：根据题目要求所选介词要和动词hide搭配，而且要符合人和手机屏幕的一种方位关系，因此behind“在…之后”表示“人类躲在手机屏幕之后”才符合题目要求。

6. [C] misinterpreted【解析】此题考查动词辨析：从题干来看，所选单词必须和as搭配。

题目给出的四个选项中只有misinterpreted常和as搭配，理解为“误认为…”。

A. misapplied“误用”B. mismatched“错配”C. misadjusted“失调”都不常和as连用。

2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a __1__ on a subway.It’s a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings — becausethere’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, __3__ into your phone. This universal protection sends the __4__: “Please don’t approach me.” What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as “weird.” We fear we’ll be __7__. We fe ar we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently __8__ to us, so we are more likely to feel __9__ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we __10__ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11__.”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t__12__ so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a __13__. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14__. When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15__ how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their __16__ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they __17__ with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”__18__, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, __19__ human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that __20__: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A] message [B]code [C]notice [D] sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A] misinterpreted [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D] mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B]anxious [C]confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18.[A]In turn [B]In particular [C]In fact [D]In consequence19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rare Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A:Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed athome than at w ork. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women a s well as men havelower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another sur prise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed tobe doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not s urprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home _____.[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers.[B] Childless husbands.[C] Childless wives.[D] Working fathers.23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that _____.[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “ moola” (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means _____.[A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that _____.[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years，studies have found that first-generation college students – those who do not have a parent with a college degree – lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruitingfirst-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on astudy involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of thefirst-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with atleast one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based onthe view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colle ges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first-generation students has _____.[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because _____.[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students _____.[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their college29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students_____.[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handing their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that _____.[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-br ained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, p assion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talkabout energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented — andnot by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, bu t most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning — and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that hi storically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work — and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become ______.[A] more emotional [B] more objective[C] less energetic [D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to ______.[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference[C] sports culture [D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to ______.[A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In ______.[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it.[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, alongwith the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. Fornow it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They takepart-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as working part-time. The survey asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes wasto allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurancethrough Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they _____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago[B] shows a general tendency of decline[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, _____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses _____.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance through Medicaid[D] O bamacare’s troublePart B:Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra Subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) [A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understandingand respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41. ____________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us bysignaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with ahelp of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42. _____________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43. __________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can beeasily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44. _______________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities,full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.___________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down awell-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV Writing47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSERE SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: CDCAC6 - 10: ABDBD11-15: AABDC16-20: DACBBSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: DBACB26-30: CACDD31-35: ACDAD36-40: BCBBA41-45: DEGACSection III :Translation (15 Points)不妨想想在一条熟悉的道路上开车行驶。

词汇测试篇(共10题，共50.0分)1But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our have been transformed but our bodies have not.【真题例句7】2000年Passage2•[A] lives•[B] liveliness•[C] livelihoods选择答案： A B C2015六机构考研视频全程更多权威考研课程详见 QQ:1152362670 正确答案：A试题解析：参考翻译：但是在过去的10万年，甚至是刚过去的这100年间，我们的生活已经被改变但我们的身体却没有变化。

2Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would() on humans if they had the chance.•[A] deliver•[B] carry•[C] perform•[D] apply选择答案： A B C D正确答案：C试题解析：参考翻译：关于动物智慧的研究让我很想知道，如果动物也有同等机会的话，他们会在人的身上做什么实验呢。

3 2015六机构考研视频全程更多权威考研课程详见 QQ:1152362670 However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became () different.【真题例句44】2005年 text1•[A] marked•[B] markedly•[C] remarkable•[D] remarkably选择答案： A B C D正确答案：B试题解析：参考翻译：然而，当两只猴子被分离开但处于邻接的房间时，它们能够观察到对方在用石头换取物品，结果它们的行为就显然不一样了。

2015年六月硕士英语考试真题PAPER ONEPART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. It was wet.B. It was blood-stained.C. It was dirty with dust.D. It was torn.2. A. Doctors can fix his problem.B. Health care is very expensive.C. It is too small a problem to get treated.D. Doctors can do nothing about his problem.3. A. Smoking is stupid.B. Smoking is cool.C. Smoking in public places is offensive.D. Smoking one cigarette is enough.4. A. Come back quickly.B. Move ahead with the line.C. Answer the call.D. Remember this place.5. A. He enjoys watching Peking Opera.B. He doesn’t drink tea very often.C. He knows nothing about Peking Opera.D. He is not interested in Peking Opera.6. A. 858-405-3410.B. 405-858-3410.C. 885-450-4310.D. 848-405-3140.7. A. She doesn’t want their relations mentioned.B. No one else will help the man except herself.C. The man has always been in trouble.D. She’ll help the man out of any trouble.8. A. John’s career differs from that of his family members.B. John is a family member with a bad reputation.C. John will not stay in jail for a long time.D. John has been driven out of the family.9. A. She smells something burning.B. She dislikes the smell in the house.C. She feels something is wrong.D. She is afraid that the house is on fire.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Because they can better imitate new sounds.B. Because they know more about language learning.C. Because they have many experienced teachers.D. Because they can already speak one language.11. A. To learn the two languages simultaneously.B. To focus on his first language development.C. To choose one of the two languages to learn.D. To learn the secondlanguage at school age.12. A. Between five and eight.B. The moment one is born.C. As early as possible.D. Between eleven and thirteen.Mini-talk Two13. A. Because of the high salary students demanded.B. Because of the postponed search for jobs.C. Because of the economic recession.D. For lack of competent candidates.14. A. 45,000 dollars.B. 62,000 dollars.C. 54,000 dollars.D. 26,000 dollars.15. A. To prepare admission applications.B. To conduct interviews among teachers.C. To improve their chances of employment.D. To offer lectures on fire fighting.Section C (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou areasked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds toread the notes below.(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. It uses a heating element that vaporizes a __________ (2 words).17. E-cigarettes are designed to look like real cigarettes as a method of helping people_________(3 words).18. A recent study…has shown e-cigarette use among school students in the U.S.______________ (3 words) between 2011 and 2012.19. The ______________ (2 words) of e-cigarettes among young peoplehas raised concerns froma number of organizations.20. …in order to ensure the safety and quality of e-cigarettes, and that their marketing and salesare ________________ (3 words).PART IIVOCABULARY(10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.21. A belief in something greater than ourselves sustains us when we are in pain or scared.A. encouragesB. undergoesC. feedsD. prolongs22. Those strict regulations, if implemented, would block youths from buying these products.A. facilitateB. intendC. stabilizeD. hinder23. Because of climate change, some endangered species may experience drastic habitat losswithin 5 years.A. minimalB. severeC. rationalD. virtual24. After many years of marriage there are just too many incentives to remain together.A. defectsB. barriersC. stimuliD. outcomes25. The cultural values embodied in different parenting styles are never explicit in any society.A. vaguely expressedB. clearly statedC. publicly knownD. well inherited26. City dwellers know what it is like to drive on heavily congested roads during rush hour.A. migrantsB. touristsC. inhabitantsD. motorists27. A person’s basic attitudes will give you a clue as towhether that person is ambitious.A. with reference toB. in view ofC. on condition ofD. in line with28. The price of new homes is surging– in part because houses are getting bigger in the US.A. shrinkingB. soaringC. sprawlingD. swaying29. Languages are so diverse that the speakers of one are not intelligible to speakers of the otherwithout special preparation.A. sophisticatedB. delicateC. fragileD. different30. According to current projections, the world population will hit nearly 11 billion by 2100.A. programsB. promisesC. predictionsD. promotionsSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored AnswerSheet.31. NBC has announced the decision to ______ Brian Williams as Anchor of NBC Nightly News.A. suspendB. ceaseC. haltD. pause32. This professor was eager to ______ what has greater impact on parenting practices.A. make outB. look outC. turn outD. find out33. Women are demonstrating extraordinary strength while destroying the_____ of the ―weakersex.‖A. distinctionB. convictionC. stereotypeD. consensus34. If you are looking for an apartment, this consultancy can help you ______ a neighborhood toyour personality and needs.A. contributeB. compelC. abandonD. match35. Sick or unhealthy workers are unable to function______ and their performance suffers.A. optimallyB. conspicuouslyC. vividlyD. inevitably36. During the exam, the room was silent ______ the sound of pens on paper.A. other thanB. except forC. apart fromD. up to37. It is significant that about half of the vocabulary of modern English is ______ Romance origin.A. inB. fromC. toD. of38. There are predictions that some rural private colleges are doomed because of declining______.A. enrollmentB. condolenceC. punctualityD. succession39. Men who are conscientious are more likely to eat right and______ an exercise routine.A. account forB. stick toC. bring aboutD. divert from40. Imagination is critical to scientific research, and knowledge without imagination is______.A. cognitiveB. robustC. barrenD. intellectualPART IIICLOZE TEST(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.Demand for higher education is rising rapidly across the world, with record numbers of people ___41___ to a degree or equivalent qualification. This is putting tremendous pressure on universities to innovate their model in order to stay ___42___ and deliver on the promise of economic mobility.However, ___43___ the rapid and profound technological advancements that have come to define recent history, the business of higher education has largely remained ___44___ for centuries. Universities are under mounting scrutiny as costs rise and ___45___ for employment remain dim. Employers are quick to point out the problems with the educational system, but are hesitant to ___46___ responsibility. Then, where does the future of universities lie?Meeting the global demand for a highly skilled workforce will require acute ability to foresee disruptive trends ___47___ deliberate, measured risks. Universities that successfully ride the wave of change will ___48___ a balance between tradition and technology, forge innovative partnerships and demonstrate value. Policy-driven structural reforms ___49___ technology will produce winners and losers. But those that take the leap to think globally, act ___50___, capitalize on big data will emerge as industry leaders.41. A. inspiring B. expiring C. aspiring D. inquiring42. A. competitive B. conservative C. provocative D. demonstrative43. A. due to B. despite C. as for D. now that44. A. vigorous B. spontaneous C. flawless D. static45. A. perspectives B. aspects C. prospects D. impacts46. A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume47. A. composed of B. accompanied by C. compared with D. known to48. A. overwhelm B. combat C. eliminate D. strike49. A. in the absence of B. in the way of C. in conjunction with D. in the wake of50. A. naturally B. locally C. actually D. vividlyPART IVREADING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, andthen do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices givenand mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.Passage OneTo improve everything from fuel economy to performance, automotive researchers are turning to ―mechatronics‖, the integration of mechanical systems with new electronic components and software control. Because lives will depend on such mechatronic systems, Rolf Isermann, an engineer in Germany, is using software that can identify and correct flaws in real time to make sure the technology functions perfectly.In order to do mechatronic braking right, Isermann’s group is developing software that tracks data from three sensors: one detects the flow of electrical current to the brake actuator; a second tracks the actuator’s position; and the third measures its clamping force. Isermann’s software analyzes those numbers to detect faults and flashes a dashboard warning light, so the driver can get the car serviced before the fault leads to failure.―I think people are now b ecoming aware electronic devices are safer than mechanical ones, for you can build in fault diagnoses and fault tolerance‖ says Karl Hedrick, a mechanical engineer.Isermann is also working to make engines run cleaner. He is developing software that detects ignition problems. Because it’s not practical to have a sensor inside a combustion chamber, Isermann’s system relies on data from sensors that measure oxygen levels in exhaust and track the speed of the mechanism that delivers the engine’s force to whee ls. Tiny fluctuations in this speed accompanied by changes in emissions reveal failures of ignition, when the software can warn the driver or automatically fix the problem.Partnerships with manufacturing companies merge the basic research with industry’s development of such technologies in actual cars. Isermann says that ―80 to 90 percent of the innovations in engines and cars these days are due to electronics and mechatronics.‖ Mechatronic systems were found mainly in aircraft and industrial equipment or in small precision components. But new applications in cars have increased the number of groups working on mechatronics. The trend has been fueled by falling prices for microprocessors and sensors, stricter vehicle-emissions regulations, and automakers’ w illingness to enhance their vehicles with additional comfort and performance features.Although the luxury market looms largest today - new high-end models from BMW contain over 70 microprocessors that control more than 120 tiny motors - mechatronics will be moving into wider car markets within five years. With software like Isermann’s on board, the electronic veins of these new driving machines should be as sturdy and reliable as steel.51. This passage is intended to describe the______.A. various definitions of mechatronicsB. application of mechatronics to automobilesC. problems with quality of cars and solutionsD. partnerships between engineers and auto makers52. The underlined words ―fuel economy‖ in the first paragraph probably mean______.A. fuel efficiencyB. the price of gasolineC. oil economyD. economic growth53. Isermann is trying to keep cars running cleaner by______.A. placing sensors inside the combustion chamberB. warning drivers of potential problemsC. identifying problems with the engineD. measuring the amount of car exhaust54. It can be concluded from this passage that mechatronics______.A. has led to a decline in the prices of sensorsB. is attracting fewer companies than beforeC. is unlikely to make cars more comfortableD. will be used more widely in auto manufacture55. New models of BMW are mentioned to suggest that ______.A. BMW cars are regarded as luxuriesB. mechatronics-based cars are quite fastC. mechatronics is essential to BMW carsD. mechatronics will raise the price of cars56. The author’s attitude to mechatronics is ______.A. suspicionB. rejectionC. criticismD. welcomePassage TwoGoldberg, a plant molecular biologist at the University of California, expresses despair at the persistent need to confront what he sees as false fears over the health risks of genetically modified (GM) crops. Particularly frustrating to himis that this debate should have ended decades ago, when researchers produced a stream of compelling evidence: ―Today we’r e facing the same objections we faced 40 years ago.‖Across campus, David Williams, a cellular biologist, has the opposite complaint. ―A lot of naive science has been involved in pushing this technology,‖ he says. ―Thirty years ago we didn’t know that when you throw any gene into a different genome, the genome reacts to it. But now anyone in this field knows the genome is not a static environment. Inserted genes can be transformed by several different means, and it can happen generations later.‖ The result, he insists, could very well be potentially toxic plants slipping through testing.Williams concedes that he is among a tiny minority of biologists raising sharp questions about the safety of GM crops. But he says this is only because the field of plant molecular biology is protecting its interests. Funding, much of it from the companies that sell GM seeds, heavily favors researchers who are exploring ways to further the use of genetic modification in agriculture. He says that biologists who point out health or other risks associated with GM crops—who merely report or defend experimental findings that imply there may be risks—find themselves the focus of vicious attacks on their credibility, which leads them to keep quiet.Whether Williams is right or wrong, one thing is undeniable: despite overwhelming evidence that GM crops are safe, the debate over their use isgrowing louder. Proponents say the technology is the only way to feed a warming, increasingly populous world. Critics claim we interfere withnature at our peril.Skeptics would argue that this debate is a good thing—that we cannot be too cautious when coping with the genetic basis of food supply. To researchers such as Goldberg, however, the persistence of fears about GM foods is nothing short of irritating. ―Despite millions of genetic experiments involving every type of organism on earth,‖ he says, ―and people eating billions of meals without a problem, we’ve gone back to being ignorant.‖So who is right: advocates of GM or critics? Only time can answer you.57. Goldberg is convinced that GM crops______.A. pose a risk to healthB. are quite safe to eatC. should be subject to criticismD. are worth questioning58. David Williams raises concerns about ______.A. the potential toxicity of GM cropsB. the reliability of genome researchC. the future development of geneticsD. the verified toxicity of GM crops59. Paragraph Three is focused on ______.A. how biology companies protect their own interestsB. why Williams raises sharp questions about GM cropsC. who points out problems associated with GM cropsD. what the majority of biologists think of GM crops60. It can be concluded from Paragraph Four that ______.A. critics of GM foods outnumber proponentsB. more people will stop consuming GM foodsC. the debate over the use of GM foods will continueD. people are ignorant of the safety of GM foods61. The underlined words in Paragraph Four probably mean ______.A. far from irritatingB. anything but irritatingC. a little bit irritatingD. absolutely irritating62. This passage aims to describe______ genetically modified foods.A. the benefits ofB. the controversy aboutC. the prospects ofD. the disadvantages ofPassage ThreeHistorians of the American civil war find themselves in the same unenviable position as Shakespeare scholars: so thoroughly have their fields of study been explored that finding a nearly virgin corner is all but impossible. But Don Doyle has broken new ground in an enlightening and compellingly written book, ―The Cause of All Nations‖. More than any previous study, it tells the story of how America’s civil war was perceived, debated a nd reacted to abroad, and how that reaction shaped the course of the war at home.At the war’s outset, however, things were not so simple. Southern diplomats framed their struggle in accordance with liberal principles of self-determination. They judged the conflict, Mr Doyle notes, to be ―one arising naturally between industrial and agricultural societies, not freedom and slavery as the North believed.‖The North’s response, meanwhile, was uncompromising, legalistic and violent. America’s secretary of state threatened to ―wrap the whole world in flames‖, promising total war on any state that dared aid the South.Most histories of the civil war turn inward at the end and examine the war’s consequences and legacy for America. Mr Doyle turns outward to show how important America’s civil war was to the rest of the world: liberty and democracy defeated slavery and the landed gentry.The Union’s victory had wider impacts. In Spain, Queen Isabella, fearing American naval power, ended the attempted re-colonization of Santo Domingo. Ulysses Grant, a civil-war general, turned his military attention to Mexico, where Napoleon III had installed an Austrian, Maximilian, as emperor. When the threat of an alliance between France and the South was smashed, Napoleon withdrew his support and in 1867 Maximilian was executed by Mexican troops. Across the ocean, Britain’s republicans marched to victory that same year. Democracy had not just survived, but flourished.After Lincoln’s death, a French newspaper wrote that he ―represente d the cause of democracy in the largest and the most universal understanding of the word. That cause is our cause, as much as it is that of the United States.‖ In honor of the Union’s victory a French artist crafted a statue out of copper sheeting, a figure representing freedom, tall and proud, holding a torch high. The Statue of Liberty stands today in New York harbor, the copper now green with age, her gaze fixed across the Atlantic on Europe.63. Shakespeare is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate that________.A. historians of the civil war should learn from ShakespeareB. new discoveries are easy concerning the cause of the civil warC. the civil war has been studied as extensively as possibleD. the civil w ar and Shakespeare’s works are known worldwide64. The book entitled ―The Cause of All Nations‖ is focused on ______.A. the impact of the civil war on other countriesB. factors that caused the outbreak of the civil warC. the political difference between the North and SouthD. the consequences of the civil war for America65. The North regarded the civil war as a war ______.A. between industrial and agricultural statesB. between slaves and slave-ownersC. between freedom and slaveryD.between the government and people66. Paragraph Four is mainly concerned with ______.A. the effect of incidents abroad on the civil warB. contributions of Europeans to the Union’s victoryC. numerous conflicts between European countriesD. effects of the Union’s victory on other countries67. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The author of this passage thinks highly of this book by Don Doyle.B. The Statue of Liberty was crafted in honor of Abraham Lincoln.C. The North won the civil war with the support from Europe.D. The civil war was caused by French diplomatic policies.68. This passage is probably a ______.A. personal letterB. research paperC. book reviewD. fairy talePassage FourMost people under 30 consider email an outdated mode of communication used only by ―old people‖. Instead, they text or post to Facebook. They attach documents, photos, videos, and links to their text messages and Facebook posts the way people over 30 do with email. Many people under 20 now see Facebook as a medium for the older generation.For them, texting has become the primary mode of communication. It offers privacy phone calls don’t and immediacy email can’t. Crisis hotlines have begun accepting ca lls from at-risk youth via texting with two big advantages: they can deal with more than one person at a time, and pass the conversation on to an expert without interrupting the conversation.However, texting discourages thoughtful discussion or detail. Addictive problems are compounded by texting’s immediacy. Emails take some time and they require that you take the step of explicitly opening them. Text messages magically appear on the screen and demand immediate attention. Add to that the social expectation that an unanswered text feels insulting to the sender, and you’ve got a recipe for addiction: you receive a text, which activates your novelty center s. You respond and feel rewarded. ―More! More! Give me more!‖In a famous experiment, neuroscientists placed a small electrode in the brains of rats, in a region known as the pleasure center that ―lights up‖ when gamblers win a bet or drug addicts take cocaine. A lever in the cage allowed the rats to send a small electrical signal directly to this center. Boy how they did! They liked it so much that they did nothing else. They forgot all about eating and sleeping. Long after they were hungry, they ignored tasty food if they had a chance to press that little bar. The rats just pressed the lever over and over again until they died of starvation and exhaustion.Each time we dispatch a text message, we feel a sense of accomplishment, and our brain gets a small amount of reward hormones telling us we accomplished something. Each time we check a Twitter feed or Facebook update, we encounter something novel and feel more connected socially and get more reward hormones. But remember, it is the dumb, novelty-seeking portion of the brain that induces this feeling of pleasure, not the planning, scheduling, higher-level thought centers in the brain. You can now decide for yourself whether email-, Facebook- and Twitter-checking constitute a neural addiction.69. The most popular mode of communication for those under 20 is ______.A. emailB. FacebookC. textingD. phone calls70. Paragraph Three is focused on ______.A. advantages of email over text messagesB. addiction and immediacy caused by textingC. benefits of sending text messagesD. the need to answer a text message71. An experiment is mentioned in Paragraph Four as evidence that______.A. rats enjoy playing electronic gamesB. animals are mal-treated in a laboratoryC. rats are too stupid to survive an experimentD. addiction or obsession can be fatal72. It seems to the author that the sense of accomplishment ______.A. is of health benefit to humansB. can induce reward hormonesC. mainly depends on email aloneD. helps overcome addiction73. The author of this passage believes that checking email, Twitter and Facebook ______.A. can help maintain social relationsB. contributes to planning and thoughtC. may induce a neural addictionD. can expose you to something novel74. This passage is intended to ______.A. discourage the use of cell phonesB. tell us to stop using email if possibleC. describe adverse effects of textingD. tell us how to prevent addiction to textingPassage FiveI’m writing this after hearing the apparently encouraging news that a new lung cancer treatment is capable of giving sufferers a possible ―extra 200 days‖ of life. Another morning, another ―battle against cancer‖ fought, and in this case won – sort of.Yet I find myself rather in sympathy with the one in five Dutch doctors who, it was reported this week, would consider helping someone die even if they had no physical problems but were ―tired of living‖. Because these doctors have the maturity to face the fact that life has a natural end.The weary truth is that there are just so many ―battles‖, and they appear to be multiplying all the time. A new drug to treat strokes.A breakthrough in the ―war‖ against heart disease. We are fed, daily, the hopeful news: fatal disease is slowly on the retreat. But there’s always one more, and sooner or later we all lose.An extra 200 days for lung cancer sufferers. I found myself wondering – what kind of days? Of course, all days may seem worth living when death is approaching. But sometimes the endless quest to extend our days seems fruitless. In the constant narratives of ―triumphs‖ over disease, we are not engaged in a struggle against disease, but death itself. We are only partially rational beings – and at the non-rational level, we believe medicine will save us from our fates.Most cancers are driven by random mistakes in cell division that are outside our control. Yet for many the thought won’t quite go away. Thus, we are never quite at peace, because we are。

Group One:Clause1．商业人士以为,加倍难以证明的是他们主持着的生产力革命是不是真实存在。

2．审计员完全有理由相信，那些有明确目标而且明白如何实习那目标的科学家没有必要分心走神：一边关注点钞机，一边还要关注显微镜。

3．我发觉，舍弃“忙碌应付生活〞的信念而选择“低调生活〞这种做法所带来的回报要比经济上的成功和社会地位的提高更大；凯尔西长期经受庞大的压力，因此辞去了?她?杂志主编的职务——这一举动受到公众的普遍关注，她终将发觉这一点。

4．这种着眼于顾客的方式确实是人们所知的营销观念，这种营销观念其简单之意确实是：制造商和经销商并非是试图出售最容易生产或转售的产品，而是第一尽力发觉顾客想购买的商品，然后着手生产这些商品以便顾客购买。

5．一名包装学专家说明说，他能够通过把粗糖装进漂亮的罐中，或是使一个装五盎司的瓶子看上去能够装八盎司的东西，就能够够使粗糖的价钱涨二点五倍，即从一美元涨到二点五美元时，他事实上是在告知公众，包装可能是一种超级花钱的奢侈品。

6．还有说明说，正是由于咱们本能地对人类十分了解，因此没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力：关于一些明显的事，人们什么缘故要成立一种理论，再进展系统地观看或是作一些预言呢？7．“苹果是落到地面而不是落向树上〞这一事实回答了他过去一直在问自己的问题——有关天空中那些更大的果实〔月亮和行星〕的问题。

8．由于愈来愈多的证据说明红色行星上曾经含有大量稳固的液态水，由于人们对细菌化石是火星上的一块陨石带到地球上的这种观念争议不休，因此，有关该行星上是不是曾经存在生命和生命是不是持续到今天的争辩加倍猛烈。

9．生产商通过改变包装大小以减少罐头所装产品的数量从而提高产品的单价，如此他能够不费吹灰之力将其产品装入盒子、袋子和罐头中，这些盒子、袋子和罐头能够装四盎司、八盎司、一磅和两磅质量的早饭食物、混合好了的蛋糕等。

10．而且用于培训工人的有限投资也只是片面地用于培训做下一项工作所需的特殊技术，而不是用于培训能够吸收新技术的全然技术。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读摘要：I.引言- 介绍考研英语二的阅读理解第二篇的背景II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容- 讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况- 分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响- 提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议III.结论- 总结考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要观点正文：I.引言考研英语二阅读理解第二篇讨论了第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题。

文章通过分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响，以及提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议，为我们提供了深入的思考。

II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容A.讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况文章指出，第一代大学生在教育成就方面普遍落后于其他学生。

这是因为他们通常来自于没有大学学历的家庭，因此在学术环境中缺乏支持和指导。

此外，第一代大学生在进入大学之前，往往没有接受过良好的基础教育，这使得他们在大学的学习中面临更大的挑战。

B.分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响文章认为，第一代大学生的家庭背景对他们的教育成就产生了很大的影响。

他们往往来自于低收入家庭，父母没有受过高等教育，这使得他们在学习资源和支持方面严重不足。

另一方面，他们的父母可能对高等教育的重要性缺乏认识，无法给予他们足够的指导和鼓励。

C.提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议文章提出，为了解决第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，我们需要从多个方面入手。

首先，我们应该加强对他们的学习支持和指导，例如提供更多的学术辅导和资源。

其次，我们应该帮助他们建立良好的学习习惯和自信心，以便更好地适应大学生活。

最后，我们应该加强对家庭背景较差的学生家庭的宣传和教育，使他们认识到高等教育的重要性，并提供更多支持和帮助。

III.结论总的来说，考研英语二阅读理解第二篇通过深入分析第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，以及提出解决这些问题的建议，为我们提供了一个重要的视角。

导航名师团指导考研冲刺：政治英语最后点题2008年考研在即，为了帮助考生更有效地复习，新浪考试频道联合导航考研特别邀请了考研政治名师张俊芳、徐之明和考研英语名师王文轲于2008年1月11日(周五)下午3:00-4:30做客新浪网嘉宾聊天室，指导考研冲刺复习技巧，点拨各科考试重点。

以下为访谈实录。

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距离08年考研只剩下七天时间了，那么如何有效的把握这七天来进行全力的冲刺呢？导航学校的徐之明(blog)老师、王文轲老师今天做客我们的直播间，来为广大网友指点迷津，先请两位老师跟大家打个招呼。

导航名师团指导考研冲刺：政治英语最后点题1、考研最后7天复习三大注意事项 5、最后阶段如何复习考研英语写作部分2、08英语难度预测及各类题型解题技巧 6、2008年考研政治各科重点预测3、考研复习最后阶段是否还要做模拟题 7、考研最后阶段英语、政治复习的侧重点4、考研政治分析题答题技巧及马哲重点预测徐之明：同学们好。

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考研最后7天复习三大注意事项主持人：我看到很多考生都有这样一个问题，就是说复习进入多现在这个阶段，大脑一片恐怕，什么都看不进去了，所以请问两位老师有什么建议给大家提一下？徐之明：现实我们整个考研进入了一个倒计时了，现在不到10天了，这时候我们做的工作千条万绪，最重要的工作是三个词，第一是坚持；第二个叫做重点；第三个词叫做休息。

第一个词叫做坚持，我们一年多的复习马上就要结束了，我们学生从身体和心理都出现疲惫，所以精神会出现比较大的懈怠，这时候咬牙坚持是最重要，所以考到最后主要就是一个意志力。

谁能够坚持走上考场，谁能够考出最后一门课，基本上从某种意义上来讲，相当大的决定这些考生的命运，在最后这个关头坚持这两个是最重要，坚持最后的十天，是大家考研的关键。

另外一个就是重点，我们现在时间也不多的，而且精力也不是太好，所以完整大规模去铺开也不可能，所以要抓一些重点，就是我们现在的热点问题，一些政治理论里面分数比较高的题，大得分数题抓住，叫做重点。

2015考研英语（二）深度解析：阅读Text2阅读第二篇文章选自NCEC（National Center for Educational Statistics),是关于美国第一代大学生的阶级问题。

整篇文章相对较简单，学生在这篇阅读中拿到满分都是非常有可能的。

26 Recruiting more first-generation students has____（招募更多的第一代大学生会____）这是一道事实细节题。

回归原文第一段，选项A与原文their dropout rates are higher（辍学率更高）不一致原文是说这些学生会是辍学率升高。

B narrowed the achievement gap并没有达到，因为文章中reproduce and widen, rather than close an achievement gap是扩大和再生了差距，而不是缩小了差距。

D原文中并未提到学生因此而沮丧。

正确选项C：本以为这些学生能够获得更大的成就，但是他们很多人却失败了，因此背离了初衷。

27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because_________这是一道细节题，是在问原因。

回归原文第二段，as后面引导的即是原因，as it outlines a potential solution to this problem因为它勾勒了解决这个问题的可能的措施。

所以直接选出正确答案[A].the problem is solvable28 The study suggests that most first-generation students_________同样是一道细节题。

回归第三段。

选项A在私立大学学习，是以偏概全。

选型B、选项D原文未提及，选项C：需要经济支持。

Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with at least one parent with a four-year degree.这句话的关键词grant助学金，得到助学金是因为有经济困难。

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