南昌大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题A
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2013年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题说明:由于试题为一题多卷,因此现场试卷中的选择题部分,不同考生有不同顺序。
请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。
答案仅供参考。
一、问题求解:第1~15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡...上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.某工厂生产一批零件,计划10天完成,实际提前2天完成,则每天生产量比计划平均提高了(A)、15% (B)、20% (C)、25% (D)、30% (E)、35%答案:C解析:设原计划每天的产量为a,实际比计划平均提高了x,则10a=8a(1+x),则10=8(1+x)解得x=25%,故选C2.某工程由甲公司承包需60天,甲、乙共同承包需28天,由乙、丙两公司共同承包需35天完成,则由丙公司承包完成该工程所需的天数为(A)、85 (B)、90 (C)、95 (D)、100 (E)、105答案:E解析:设总工程为1,则甲的速度为1/60,设乙,丙独立完成分别需要x,y天,则解得y=105.3.甲班有30名学生,在一次满分为100分的考试中,全班的平均成绩为90分,则成绩低于60分的学生最多有(A).8名(B).7名(C).6名(D).5名(E).4名答案:B解析:及格的人的分数越高,不及格的人数越多,所以当及格人分数都为100时,不及格的人数最多,90*30-(30-x)100<60x,解得x<7.5,所以不及格人数最多为7人。
4.甲、乙两人同时从A点出发,沿400米跑道同向匀速行走,25分钟后乙比甲少走了一圈,若乙行走一圈需要8分钟,则甲的速度是(单位:米/分钟)(A )、62 (B )65 (C ).66 (D ).67 (E ).69答案:C解析:设甲的速度为x ,乙的速度为400/8=50,所以25x-50*25=400,得到x=66.5.甲、乙两商店同事购进了一批某品牌的电视机,当甲店售出15台时乙售出了10台,此时两店的库存之比为8:7,库存之差为5,甲、乙两商店的总进货量为?(A )75 (B )80 (C)85 (D)100 (E)125答案:D解析:设甲,乙进货量分别为x,y ;得到,解得x=55,y=45;所以总进货量为100.6. 已知 f(x)= + + … + ,则f(8)=(A )(B )(C )(D )(E )答案:E解析:,所以.7.如图1,在直角三角形ABC 中,AC=4,BC=3,DE//BC,已知梯形BCED 的面积为3,则DE 的长为(A )(B)+1 (C) -4 (D) (E)+1答案:D 解析:根据面积比等于相似比的平方得:,则.A E CDB 图 18. 点(0,4)关于直线2X+y+1=0的对称点为()A、(2,0)(B)、(-3,0)(C)、(-6,1)(D)、(4,2)(E)、(-4,2)答案:E解析:设对称点为(x,y),则,解得x=-4,y=2,所以对称点为(-4,2)。
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B)卷********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称:护理学研究方向:考试科目名称:308护理综合考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。
一.名词解释(每词4分,共32分)(1) 角色(2)造血干细胞移植 (3) 胰岛素抵抗 (4) 静息痛(5)假性尿失禁(6)胎先露(7)功能失调性子宫出血(8)计划免疫二.选择题:A型题(每小题2分,共84分。
每一道试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案,请从中选择一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上写出相应题号和正确答案。
)1.为肝昏迷病人灌肠时,不易选用肥皂水溶液,其原因是A.防止发生腹胀B.防止对肠黏膜的刺激C.减少氨的产生及吸收D.以免引起顽固性腹泻E.防止发生酸中毒2.输液中发生肺水肿时吸氧需用 50%~70% 的酒精湿化,其目的是A.使病人呼吸道湿润B.使痰液稀薄,易吐出C.消毒吸入的氧气D.降低肺泡表面张力E.降低肺泡泡沫表面张力3.生物学死亡的特征是A.循环停止B.呼吸停止C.各种反射消失D.神志不清E.尸斑出现4.腰穿后6小时内去枕平卧的目的A.预防脑压升高B.预防脑压降低C.预防脑缺血D.预防脑部感染E.有利于脑部血液循环5.有关呕血与黑便的叙述,下列哪项是正确的A.呕血一般不伴黑便B.黑便一定伴呕血C.上消化道出血只有呕血D.下消化道出血仅有黑便E.出血量至少在5ml以上才会有黑便6.从左心衰竭发展到全心衰竭时,下列哪项可减轻A.发绀B.颈静脉怒张C.下肢水肿D.呼吸困难E.肝肿大7.患者男性,60岁,因疑为肺癌而做支纤镜检查,术后病人立即要求喝水,被护士劝阻,理由是这样做会引起A.喷嚏B.咳嗽C.呕吐D.呃逆E.误吸8.对呼吸衰竭的患者采用低流量、低浓度吸氧的目的A.保持缺氧对呼吸中枢的刺激作用B.保持缺氧对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用C.保持CO2对呼吸中枢的刺激作用D.保持CO2对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用E.纠正缺氧9.关于呼吸衰竭分类,正确的说法是A.I型呼吸衰竭:仅有缺氧,无CO2潴留,PaCO2降低或正常B.I型呼吸衰竭:PaO2>60mmHg,无CO2潴留,PaCO2降低或正常C.II型呼吸衰竭:PaO2>60mmHg,无CO2潴留,PaCO2降低或正常D.II型呼吸衰竭:PaO2<60mmHg,无CO2潴留,PaCO2降低或正常E.II型呼吸衰竭:PaO2>60mmHg,有CO2潴留10.高血压治疗的控制目标,正确的是A.高血压病人血压应降到130/90mmHg以下B.高血压合并糖尿病者应降到130/80 mmHg以下C.高血压合并慢性肾脏病变者应降到120/80 mmHg以下D.老年收缩期性高血压应使收缩压降到130~140mmHgE.老年人舒张压应低于80 mmHg11.做尿培养和菌落计数时,正确的护理应是A.收集标本前用消毒液充分清洗外阴部B.留取在膀胱内停留有6~8h的尿液C.留取初始尿液置于清洁容器内D.应取患者停用抗菌药物后第3天的尿液E.若尿标本不能立即送检时应加适量防腐剂12.白血病细胞浸润所致骨病,下列哪项最为显著A.颅骨疼痛B.胸骨疼痛C.锁骨疼痛D.肋骨疼痛E.四肢关节痛13.与甲状腺功能亢进症表现无关的是A.甲状腺肿大B.浸润性突眼C.表情淡漠D.肌病E.心动过缓14.哪项指标对判断糖尿病控制好坏最佳A.空腹血糖B.糖化血红蛋白C.24h尿糖定量测定D.口服糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验15.鉴别I型和Ⅱ型糖尿病最好的指标是A.空腹血糖B.尿糖C.糖化血红蛋白D.葡萄糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验16.蛛网膜下腔出血患者不应出现A.剧烈头痛B.频繁呕吐C.一侧肢体瘫痪D.脑膜刺激征E.一过性意识障碍17.脑出血最常见的原因是A.颅内动脉瘤B.高血压及动脉硬化C.脑肿瘤D.血液病E.脑血管畸形18.可疑脊柱骨折患者急救运送时,下列哪项是正确的?A.疑有颈椎骨折时,去枕平卧B.一人抬头.一人抬足的方法C.仰卧在床单上D.由人搂抱E.仰卧在硬板上19.甲状腺次全切除术中患者突然挣扎、呼吸困难、失音、紫绀,应考虑A.喉头水肿B.血肿压迫气管C.一侧喉返神经损伤D.两侧喉返神经损伤E.双侧喉上神经损伤20.胃部手术后倾倒综合征多发生于进食后A.10~20分钟B.20~30分钟C.1~2小时D.2~4小时E.进食后任何时间21.急救电击伤患者,首先应:A.胸外心脏按摩B.口对口的人工呼吸C.切断电源D.包扎出血的伤口E.马上送医院22.早期就出现神经精神症状的是A.高渗性脱水B.低渗性脱水C.等渗性脱水D.急性水中毒E.慢性水中毒23.急性失血超过下列哪项指标就会引起休克?A.超过总血容量的1/5B.超过总血容量的1/3C.超过总血容量的1/2D.超过总血容量的2/3E.超过总血容量的1/424.患者男性,30岁,阵发性腹痛,腹胀,呕吐,肛门停止排便、排气4天,3年前曾做阑尾切除术。
一、A型题:1~90小题,每小题1.5分;91~120小题,每小题2分;共195分。
在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中,请选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1、葡萄糖从肠道进入肠上皮细胞的方式是A、入胞B、单纯扩散C、易化扩散D、主动转运参考答案:D2、神经冲动到达肌接头前膜时,引起开放的通道是A、Na+通道B、Ca2+通道C、K+通道D、Cl-通道参考答案:B3、下列关于动作电位的描述,正确的是A、刺激强度小于阈值时,出现低幅度动作单位B、刺激强度达到阈值后,再增加刺激强度能使动作电位幅度增大C、动作电位一经产生,便可沿细胞膜作电紧张性扩步D、传导距离较长时,动作电位的大小不发生改变参考答案:D4、红细胞悬浮稳定性降低的原因是A、血浆白蛋白增多B、血浆纤维蛋白原减少C、红细胞叠连加速D、红细胞脆性增加参考答案:C5、凝血酶的主要作用是A、激活因子ⅹⅢB、分解因子ⅠC、活化血小板D、激活因子Ⅷ参考答案:B6.ABO血型系统的主要抗体是A.IgAB.IgMC.IgED.IgG参考答案:B7.心室肌收缩的后负荷是A.等容收缩期初心室内压B.大动脉血压C.快速射血期心室内压D.减慢射血期心室内压参考答案:B8.窦房结能成为心脏正常起搏点的原因是A.静息电位仅为-70mVB.阈电位为-40mVC. 0期去极化速度快D.4期去极化速率快参考答案:D9.影响外周血管阻力的主要因素是A.血液粘滞性B.大动脉弹性C.血管长度D.小动脉口径参考答案:D10.下列情况中,能够使肺通气/血流比值增高最明显的是A. 肺纤维化形成B. 肺水肿C. 支气管哮喘发作D. 肺栓塞参考答案:D11. 关于气体在血液中运输的叙述,错误的是A. CO2和Hb结合不需酶的催化B. CO2主要以HCO3--形式运输C. O2和Hb结合反应快并需酶催化D. CO2和O2都有物理溶解形式参考答案:C12.胃和小肠都具有的运动形式是:A.紧张性收缩B.容受性舒张C.分节运动D.袋状往返运动参考答案:A13.唾液淀粉酶发挥作用的最适pH值是:A.20.- 3.0B.4.0-5.0C.6.0-7.0D.8.0-9.0参考答案:C14.关于肾脏重吸收和分泌K的叙述,正确的是:A.近端肾小管重吸收约25%-30%的KB.髓袢重吸收约65%-70%的KC.远端肾小管分泌K,但不重吸收KD.远曲小管分泌K受醛固酮调节参考答案:D15.血液流经肾小球时,促进原尿生成的直接动力是:A.全身平均动脉压B.血浆胶体渗透压C.肾动脉压D.肾小球毛细血管压参考答案:D16.当睫状肌收缩时,可引起的生理效应是:A.睫状恩小带紧张性增加B.角膜曲度增加C.瞳孔增大D.晶状体曲度增加参考答案:D17.声波由鼓膜经听骨链传向卵圆窗时出现的振动变化是:A.幅度增大,压强增大B.幅度减小,压强减小C.幅度增大,压强减小D.幅度减小,压强增大参考答案:D18.传导慢痛的外周神经纤维是:A.A纤维B.A纤维C.B类纤维D.C类纤维参考答案:D19.腱器官传入冲动增加所引起的效应是:A.对同一肌肉的y运动神经元起抑制作用B.对同一肌肉的a运动神经元起抑制作用C.使梭外肌收缩增强D.使梭内肌收缩增强参考答案:B20.交感神经系统兴奋时,引起的生理效应是:A.胃肠运动增强B.支气管平滑肌收缩C.瞳孔开大肌收缩D.促进胰岛素的分泌参考答案:C21.肾上腺皮质功能低下时出现的变化是:A.血容量减少B.血压升高C.血浆Na浓度升高D.血浆K浓度降低参考答案:A22.甲状腺激素的化学本质是:A.糖蛋白B.肽类C.胺类D.类固醇类参考答案:C23.雌激素和孕激素作用的相同点是:A.促进乳腺导管增生和延长B.使子宫内膜变厚C.使子宫输卵管平滑肌活动减弱D.减少宫颈黏液的分泌参考答案:B24.灭活睾酮的器官是:A.肝脏B.肾脏C.肺脏D.靶组织细胞参考答案:D25.“不同蛋白质有不同的空间构象”所指的含义是:A.蛋白质的变性与复性B.多肽链的折叠机制C.一级结构决定高级结构D.结合蛋白质有多种辅基参考答案:C26.DNA理化性质中的“Tm”值所表达的含义是:A.复制时的温度B.复性时的温度C.50%双链被打开的温度D.由B型转变成A型的温度参考答案:C27.酶Km值的大小所代表的含义是:A.酶对底物的亲和力B.最适的酶浓度C.酶促反映的速度D.酶抑制剂的类型参考答案:A28.糖酵解途径所指的反应过程是:A.葡萄糖转变成磷酸二羟丙酮B.葡萄糖转变成乙酰CoAC.葡萄糖转变成乳酸D.葡萄糖转变成丙酮酸参考答案:D29.能够逆向转运胆固醇到肝的脂蛋白是:A.CMB.LDLC.VLDLD.HDL参考答案:D30.下列物质中,能够在底物水平上生成GTP的是:A.乙酰CoAB.琥珀酰CoAC.脂肪酰CoAD.丙二酸单酰CoA参考答案:B31.可以作为一碳单位来源的氨基酸是:A.丝氨酸B.丙氨酸C.亮氨酸D.甲硫氨酸参考答案:A32.别嘌呤醇治疗痛风的可能机制是:A.抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶B.促进dUMP的甲基化C.促进尿酸生成的逆反应D.抑制脱氧核糖核苷酸的生成参考答案:A33.下列物质代谢调节方式中,属于快速调节的是:A.产物对酶合成的阻遏作用B.酶蛋白的诱导合成C.酶蛋白的降解作用D.酶的别构调节参考答案:D34.对广泛DNA损伤进行紧急、粗糙、高错误率的修复方式是A.光修复B.切除修复C.重组修复D.SOS修复参考答案:D35.RNA编辑所涉及的过程是A.RNA合成后的加工过程B.RNA聚合酶识别模板的过程C.DNA指导的RNA合成过程D.tRNA反密码对密码的识别过程参考答案:A36.下列关于原核生物蛋白质合成的叙述,正确的是A.一条mRNA编码几种蛋白质B.释放因子是eRFC.80S核蛋白体参与合成D.核内合成,胞液加工参考答案:A37.原核生物基因组的特点是A.核小体是其基本组成单位B.转录产物是多顺反子C.基因的不连续性D.线粒体DNA为环状结构参考答案:B38.下列涉及G蛋白偶联受体信号的主要途径是A.cAMP-PKA信号途径B.酪氨酸激酶受体信号途径C.雌激素-核受体信号途径D.丝/苏氨酸激酶受体信号途径参考答案:A39.下列可以导致原癌基因激活的机制是A.获得启动子B.转录因子与RNA结合C.抑癌基因的过表达D.p53蛋白诱导细胞凋亡参考答案:A40.目前基因治疗主要采用的方式是A.对患者缺陷基因进行重组B.提高患者的DNA合成能力C.调整患者DNA修复的酶类D.将表达目的基因的细胞输入患者体内参考答案:D41. 在下列病变中,含铁血黄素主要出现在A.肺褐色硬化B.小叶性肺炎C.ARDSD.间质性肺炎参考答案:A42.镜下坏死组织结构的轮廓消失,呈现一片嗜酸性颗粒状物,其坏死类型是A.凝固性坏死B.液化性坏死C.干酪样坏死D.脂肪坏死参考答案:C46发生在下列不同部位的纤维蛋白性炎症中,属于假膜性炎症的是A心包膜B胸膜C关节滑膜D肠黏膜参考答案:D47下列选项中,符合肿瘤间变概念的是A良恶性肿瘤之间的形态改变B肿瘤细胞的去分化C肿瘤发生过程中的一种癌前病变D肿瘤亲子代之间的遗传特性继承参考答案:B48下列原癌基因中,以点突变为主要激活方式成为癌基因的是A rasB PDGFC cyclijnD myc参考答案:A49在恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中,免疫组织化学染色角蛋白阳性,波形蛋白阴性,该肿瘤为A癌B肉瘤C黑色素瘤D神经内分泌肿瘤参考答案:A50在下列癌前病变中,癌变几率最高的是A结节性肝硬化B黏膜白斑C结肠腺瘤性息肉病D未降睾丸参考答案:C77. .男性,50岁。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上. (1)设cos 1sin ()x x x α-=,其中()2x πα<,则当0x →时,()x α是( )(A )比x 高阶的无穷小 (B )比x 低阶的无穷小 (C )与x 同阶但不等价的无穷小 (D )与x 等价的无穷小(2)设函数()y f x =由方程cos()ln 1xy y x +-=确定,则2lim ()1n n f n→∞⎡⎤-=⎢⎥⎣⎦( )(A )2 (B )1 (C )1- (D )2- (3)设函数sin ,0()=2,2x x f x x πππ≤<⎧⎨≤≤⎩,0()()x F x f t dt =⎰,则( )(A )x π= 是函数()F x 的跳跃间断点 (B )x π= 是函数()F x 的可去间断点(C )()F x 在x π=处连续但不可导 (D )()F x 在x π=处可导(4)设函数111,1(1)()=1,ln x e x f x x e x xαα-+⎧<<⎪-⎪⎨⎪≥⎪⎩,若反常积分1()f x dx +∞⎰收敛,则( )(A )2α<- (B )2α> (C )20α-<< (D )02α<< (5)设()yz f xy x=,其中函数f 可微,则x z z y x y ∂∂+=∂∂( ) (A )2()yf xy ' (B )2()yf xy '- (C )2()f xy x (D )2()f xy x- (6)设k D 是圆域{}22(,)|1D x y x y =+≤在第k 象限的部分,记()(1,2,3,4)kk D I y x dxdy k =-=⎰⎰,则( )(A )10I > (B )20I > (C )30I > (D )40I > (7)设矩阵A,B,C 均为n 阶矩阵,若,B AB C =则可逆,则 (A )矩阵C 的行向量组与矩阵A 的行向量组等价 (B )矩阵C 的列向量组与矩阵A 的列向量组等价 (C )矩阵C 的行向量组与矩阵B 的行向量组等价 (D )矩阵C 的行向量组与矩阵B 的列向量组等价(8)矩阵1111a a b a a ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭与2000b 0000⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭相似的充分必要条件为(A )a 0,b 2== (B )为任意常数b a ,0= (C )0,2==b a(D )为任意常数b a ,2=二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸...指定位置上. (9) 1ln(1)lim(2)x x x x→∞+-= . (10) 设函数()xf x d t -=⎰,则()y f x =的反函数1()x f y -=在0y =处的导数0y dx dy== .(11)设封闭曲线L 的极坐标方程为cos3()66r ππθθ=-≤≤,则L 所围成的平面图形的面积为 .(12)曲线arctan ln x ty =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩1t =的点处的法线方程为 .(13)已知321x x y e xe =-,22x x y e xe =-,23xy xe =-是某二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程的3个解,该方程满足条件00x y==01x y ='=的解为y = .(14)设ij A (a )=是三阶非零矩阵,|A |为A 的行列式,ij A 为ij a 的代数余子式,若ij ij a A 0(i,j 1,2,3),____A +===则三、解答题:15—23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15)(本题满分10分)当0x →时,1cos cos2cos3x x x -⋅⋅与nax 为等价无穷小,求n 与a 的值。
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: (802)结构力学(示例)
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学(示例)
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: (802)结构力学(示例)
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学(示例)
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: (802)结构力学(A卷) (示例)
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学(示例)
西安建筑科技大学Array 2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: (802)结构力学(A卷) (示例)
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学(示例)。
the auspices The mortalityyears down the road.a plungeidentifiableless pronouncedfor immersionapparelsingle punditthe pivotalquery aerial cognition expression attest robotics meld cover vital arise guideline deploy recapitulate endow collection In the journal Science, Professor Sharkey calls for ethical guidelines to (1)_______ all aspects of robotic technology, not just in the home and workplace, but also on the battelfield, where lethal robots such as the missile-armed Predator drones used in Iraq and Afghanistan are already (2) _______ with lethal effect. The US Future Combat Systems project aims to use robots as “force multipliers”, with a single soldier initiating large-scale ground and (3)_______ attacks by a robot droid army. “Robots for care and for war represent just two of many ethically problematic areas that will soon (4)________ from the rapid increase and spreading diversity of robotics applications, ” Professor Sharkey said, “Scientists and engineers working in robotics must be mindful of the potential dangers of their work, and public and international discussion is (5)_____ in order to set policy guidelines for ethical and safe application beford the guidelines set themselves.” The call for controls over robots goes back to the 1940s when the science-fiction author Isaac Asimov drew up his famous three laws of (6)_______. The first rule stated that robots must not harm people; the second that they must obey the commands of people provided they does not conflict with the first law; and the third law was that robots must attempt to avoid harming themselves provided this was not in conflict with the two other laws. Asimov wrote a (7)______ of science fiction sories called I, Robot which exploited the issue of machines and morality. He wanted to counter the long history of fictional accounts of dangerous automatons --- from the Jewish Golem to Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein --- and used his three laws as a literary device to exploit the ethical issues arising from the human interaction with non-human, intelligent beings. But late 20th –century prdictions about the rise of machines (8) ______ with superior artificial intelligence have not been realized, although robot scientists have given their mechanical proteges (门客准智能的) traits such as simple speech 门客) quasi-intelligent (准智能的recognition, emotional (9) ________ and face recognition. Professor Starkey believe that even dumb robots need to be controlled. “I’m not suggesting like Asimov to put ethical rules into robots, but to just to have (10)______ on how robots are used, ” he said. “Current robots are not bright enough even to be called stupid. If I even thought they would be superior in intelligence, I would not have these concerns. They are dumb machines not much brighter thatn the average washing machine, and that’s the problem.” Part II: Reading comprehension ( 20%) In this part, you will read four passages. You are required to choose the best answer to each question according to the passage and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blacking the letter in the brackets. Passage OneArchaeology(考古学) is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live—and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changed in the material world resulting from human action or ,more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitute what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contract between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a Dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movementof troops on the battlefield may “change the course of history,” but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist’s standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic material are perishable . Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to more scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat bogs deserts, and frozen soil is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.1.What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?A.To point out the importance of recent advances in archaeology.B.To describe an archaeologist’s education.C.To explain how archaeology is a source of history.D.To encourage more people to become archaeologists.2. The word “succinctly” in line 6 is closest in meaning to___A.concisely. B.briefly. C.clearly. D.appropriately.3. According to the passage, the archaeological record consists of ____A.spoken words of great historical significance.B.the fossilized results if human activity.materialsorganic materialsC.organicD.ephemeralideas.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an organic material?A.stone. B.wool. C.grass. D.hair.5. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses_____A.techniques for recording oral histories.B.certain battlefield excavation methods.C.some specific archaeological discoveries.D.building materials of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.Passage TwoThe modern age is age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic light to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more thantwo centuries ago, Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of recorded, they form an electroencephalogram , which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small-often so mall that sensitiveinstruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can beastonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts). As many as four-fifth of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Electric eels are potentially dangerous.B. Biology and electricity appear to be closely related.C. People would be at a loss without electricity.D. Scientists still have much to discover about electricity.2. The phrase “grope about” inline 3 could best be replaced by______.A. A. feel feel feel aboutB. about B. move move move aboutC. about C. flickerD. flicker D. run run run away away3. The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT_____.A. refrigerated food items may go bad.B. traffic light do not work.C. people must rely on candlelight.D. elevators and escalators do not function.4. Why does the author mention electric eels?A. To warn the reader to stay away from them.B. To compare their voltage to that used in houses.C. To give an example of a living electrical generator.D. To describe a new source of electrical power.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the ______. A. more beneficial it will be to scienceB. more powerful will be its electrical chargeC. easier it will be to fidD. tougher it will be to eatPassage ThreeThe difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions oftemperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available, it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitational field, as in the case of a planet’satmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phase of matter. In the nineteenth century , for example , one theory maintained that a liquid could be “dissolved” in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kids of molecules: liquidond and gasons. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow readily. They are fluids.The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed containerpartially filled with a liquid is heated .The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination oftemperature and pressure at which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished; there is single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.1. According to the passage ,the difference between a liquid and a gas under normal conditions on Earth is that the liquid______.A. is affected by changes in pressureB. has a permanent structureC. C. forms forms forms a a a free free free surfaceD. surface D. is is is considerably considerably considerably more more more common common2. It can be inferred from the passage that the gases of the Earth’s atmosphere are contained by_________.A. A. a a a closed closed closed surfaceB. surface B. the the the gravity gravity gravity of of of the the the planet planetC. C. the the the field field field of of of spaceD. space D. its its its critical critical critical point point3. According to the passage, in the nineteenth century some scientists viewed liquidons and gasons as ________.A. A. fluidsB. fluids B. dissolving dissolving dissolving particles particlesC. heavy moleculesD. different types of molecules4. According to the passage , what happened when the temperature is increased in a closed container holding a liquid?a. the liquid and gas phases become more similar.b. the liquid and the gas become less dense.c. the container expands.d. the liquid evaporates out of the container.5. According to the passage, which of the following is the best definition of the critical point?a. when the temperature and the pressure are raised除草劑:巴斯德通过大量科学实验证明,如果生奶加工时温度超过℃,℃, 则其中的营养物质和生物活性物质会被大量破坏,但如果低于℃时,则其营养物质和生活活性物质被保留,并且有害菌大部分被杀灭,有些有益菌却被存留。
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
******************************************************************************************** 学科、专业名称:建筑与土木工程专业学位
研究方向:
在所研究的机械运动问题中,物体的变形可以不予考虑,那么此物体可视为
平衡方程。
平面任意力系二矩式平衡方程的限制条件是
考试科目:工程力学共6 页,第1 页
:
I
II
考试科目:工程力学共 6 页,第2 页
,相互夹角为120°。
每个柄端作用一垂直。
情形下才会通过截面形心(z为中性轴,考试科目:工程力学共 6 页,第3 页
题1图题2图
的圆轮可绕轮心的轴O转动。
轮上作用一个力偶矩为m的力偶和一与轮缘相切的(如图所示),使轮处于平衡状态。
()这是否说明力偶可以用一力与之平衡
的约束反力的大小和方向如何?
考试科目:工程力学共 6 页,第4 页
y σ
题2图
的圆钢杆,外粘结一内径为d ,外径为D ,若钢杆的剪切弹性模量80s G GPa =,铜)若两种材料的杆的横截面上分担同样大小的扭矩,)试求内、外杆中的最大切应力各为多少?(20分)
结构承载如图所示,钢制圆杆的横截面面积280A cm =,抗弯截面系数W。
南昌大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
报考专业:营养与食品卫生学考试科目:微生物学科目代码:615
一、名词解释(每题3分,总计60分)
1、原核生物
2、假菌丝
3、诱变育种
4、前噬菌体
5、包涵体
6、单纯扩散
7、选择性培养基
8、菌丝体
9、溶源现象
10、石炭酸系数
11、野生型
12、菌株
13、微生态平衡
14、营养类型
15、抗原
16、F因子
17、性毛
18、脂多糖
19、噬菌斑
20、初生代谢产物
二、判断题(每题0.5分,总计10分)(20题,内容略)
三、问答题(80分)
1、细菌细胞壁的功能有哪些?试分析革兰氏阴性/阳性细菌细菌细胞壁的成分、结构的区别。
2、试列表讨论细菌、放线菌,酵母菌,霉菌个体和菌落的特点。
3、试结合画图说明酿酒酵母的生活史以及相关的特点。
4、试以EMB培养基为例,分析其鉴别作用的原理。
5、试以磺胺药为例加以说明其的抗菌机制。
6、什么是菌种的衰退?菌种的衰退又如何防止?
7、试述病毒成分中蛋白质的作用。
8、什么是传染?试述传染病的3种可能性结局。
(整理者语:判断题记不清了,这在里就不列出了。
简答题的部分措词可能与原卷有所出入,但大体意思还是一样的。
南大近两年来的真题管制的都比较严,很难有真题流出来,所以整理了这一份资料供大家复习用,也算是我们过来人尽一份自己的力,预祝各位研友考出好成绩,加油!)。
2013年南昌大学610普通生物学考研真题(A卷)报考专业:科目名称:普通生物学科目代码:610(A卷)一、名词解释分(每题3分,共30分)1.物种2.连锁交换3.生物圈4.群落5.分离定律6.种群7.自由组合定律8.内含子9.生态位10.伴性遗传二、填空题(每空1分,共25分)1.骨骼肌的肌管系统由和两部分组成,前者是由肌细胞的_形成,后者是由肌细胞的凹入形成。
2.在硬骨鱼类,卵为卵或卵,在受精膜举起的同时:卵质开始向动物极移动集中,从而形成,今后卵裂就是在内进行的。
3.大多数雌雄异体的植物,人和全部哺乳动物,多数昆虫,一些鱼类和两栖类的性染色体是型,鸟类,鳞翅目昆虫,一些两栖类和爬行类的性染色体是型。
4.染色体断裂导致的畸变主要有、、、。
5.先有地理隔离,再有生殖隔离,这种形成新种的方式称为,它可能是生物进化中最重要的一种形成新种的方式。
6.中性突变有、、。
7.中性学说认为是分子进化的基本动力,即突变大多在种群中随机的被固定或消失,而不是通过选择才被保留或淘汰的。
8.有关生命起源,有、、假说。
9.化学进化的全过程可分为4个连续的阶段、、、。
三、简答题(每题10分,共50分)1.比较伪足、疣足和节肢动物附肢并说明其在进化上的意义。
2.综合进化论使自然选择学说更加精确,它更新了自然选择学说的一些基本概念,主要有哪些方面。
3.试比较噬菌体的复制与真核细胞病毒的复制。
4.什么是光合细菌?它有何特点?5.比较蓝藻,光合细菌,真核生物叶绿体之间的差异。
四、问答题(每题15分,共45分)1.为什么说苔藓植物是植物界系统发育的盲枝?2.比较光合磷酸化和氧化磷酸化的差异。
3.原生演替中旱生演替和水生演替两个系列一般有哪几个主要阶段?。
南 昌 大 学
2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
======================================================================== =====================================
试题编号: 880 试题名称: 教育管理学 (共 1 页)
适用专业: 教育经济与管理 专业
说明: 所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
======================================================================== =====================================
(每个小题20分,共计80分)
一、简答题
简答题(
1、简述现代化工业生产力为现代教育所提供的物质技术基础及其作用表现
2、简述现代教育的社会生产力功能
3、科学技术对社会生产发展和经济的价值是什么?
4、人的全面发展必须具备的社会条件是什么?
(每个小题35分,共计70分)
二、论述题
论述题(
1、试论科层管理理论本试卷由南昌大学研究生帮帮忙提供,如需更多年份考研真题请到网站下载,网址3W点80000007点COM,3W点HTKYW点COM,或者直接咨询QQ:三四七一二七七五,祝君考研成功,谢谢!的主要思想及其对教育管理的影响
2、您认为现代校长怎样才能实施有效的学校管理。
南昌大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
报考专业:理论物理、光学、凝聚态物理、天体物理 考试科目:量子力学(639 A 卷)
一、简答题(每小题8分,共48分)
1、(1)如果1ψ和2ψ是体系的可能状态,那么它们的线性迭加1122c c ψψψ=+:(1c 和2c 是复数)是这个体系的一个可能状态吗?(2)如果1ψ和2ψ是能量的本征态,它们的线性迭加:1122c c ψψψ=+还是能量本征态吗?为什么?
2、量子力学中如何判断一个力学量是否是守恒量,量子力学中的守恒量和经典力学的守恒量定义有什么不同?
3、厄密算符的本征值和本征矢有什么特点?
4、分别说明什么样的状态是束缚态、简并态和偶宇称态?
5、乌伦贝克关于自旋的基本假设是什么?表明电子有自旋的实验事实有哪些?
二、证明题:(每题15分,共45分)
1、证明:在一维问题中,束缚态的能级总是非简并的。
2、证明:费曼——海尔曼(Feynman-Hellman )定理,即设量子体系的哈密顿量含有某一参数,其束缚态的归一化波函数为,对应的能级为,则,
ˆn n n E H
ψψλλ
∂∂=∂∂ 3、在,l m 态矢量空间的1l =的子空间,取1=h ,证明:3
ˆˆx x
L L =。
三、计算题:(共65分)
1、某体系未受微扰的能量算符(0)
ˆH ,有两个能级,(0)
1E 二重简并,(0)
2E 无简并,受ˆH
'微扰后,在(0)
ˆH
表象中,体系的能量算符为
(0)
1(0)(0)1(0)2
0ˆˆˆ0
E a H H H E b a b
E ⎧⎫⎪⎪'=+=⎨⎬⎪⎪⎩
⎭
(1) 用微扰公式求能级(1E 至一级修正,2E 至二级修正);(2)求此体系能谱的精确解。
(20分)
2、(1)求一维无限深势阱0
(x)00x U x a x a
∞<=≤≤∞>中运动的粒子的本征值和相应的归一化本征
矢;
(2)设0t =时,此粒子的状态为:(
)2,0cos x x x a a
ππ
ψ⎛⎫⎛⎫
= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭
,求此时粒子的能量的可能值及相应的几率。
(20分)
3、一维线性谐振子的湮灭算子ˆa
的本征态记为α(相干态)
,其对应本征值为α(复数)(1)试将
α表示为粒子数态(能量的本征态)的迭加。
(2)求相干态的ˆˆˆ,,n p x 的期望值及涨落。
(25分)。