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Unit one1. The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small businesses.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高.2. His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了.3. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代.这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显.4. Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人.5. No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了.6. The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情.7. The government hopes that sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its loss.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失.8. In modern society, people are more likely to be identified by their professions, rather than by their communities.9. Careers jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多.10. We did have an investigation with regard to the issue, but we should not comment on it.我们的确对这个事件进行了调查,但不会对正在进行的调查作任何评论.Unit two1. 尽管已历经无数失败，凯瑟琳仍然相信她能把儿子培养成为世界冠军。
六、The Right to Fail1、I like ―dropout‖as an addition to the American language because it‘s brief and it‘s clear. What I don‘t like is that we use i t almost entirely as a dirty word.我喜欢―中途退出者‖这个加入美语的词汇，因为它简洁明了。
我所不喜欢的是我们几乎完全把它作为一个禁忌词语使用。
2、We only apply it to people under twenty-one. Yet an adult who spends his days and nights watching mindless TV programs is more of a dropout than an eighteen-year-old who quits college, with its frequently mindless courses, to become, say, a VISTA‘ valunteer. For the young, dropping out its often a way of dropping in.我们只把它用在21岁以下的人身上。
与一个中途离开大学、避开那些毫无思想内容的课程，志愿参加为美国服务志愿队（VISTA）的18岁青年相比，一个整天整夜看不需要动脑筋的电视节目的成年人更是半途而废的人。
而对于年轻人来说这是以退为进。
3、To hold this opinion, however is little short of treason in America. A boy or girl who leaves college is branded a failure-and the right to fail is one of the few freedoms that this country does not grant its citizens. The American dream is a dream of ―getting ahead,‖ painted in strokes of gold wherever we look. Our advertisements and TV commercials are a hymn to material success, our magazine articles a toast to people who made it to the top. Smoke the right cigarette or drive the right car-so the ads imply-and the girls will be swooning into your deodorized arms or caressing your expensive lapels Happiness goes to the man who has sweet smell of achievement. He is our national idol, and everybody else is our national fink.然而在美国，持有这种观点差不多就是背叛。
Lecture 1.大学课堂：还有人在听吗？ (2)Unit 2 家与旅行 (6)Unit 3 濒危物种vs.人类需求 (9)Unit 4 When MTV Goes CEO (13)Lecture 5 (19)Lecture 6 (25)Lecture 7 (29)Lecture 8 (33)Unit 1 课后答案 (44)Unit 4 课后答案 (46)Unit Six 答案 (48)Unit Seven答案 (49)Unit Eight 答案 (50)Unit Nine 答案 (52)Unit Ten 答案 (53)Lecture 1.大学课堂：还有人在听吗？Toward the middle of the semester, Fowkes fell ill and missed a class. When he returned, the professor nodded vaguely and, to Fowkes’s astonishment, began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after. Had he, in fact, lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his solitary student? Fowkes thought it perfectly possible.在学期中间，Fowkes 因病缺了一次课。
他回到课堂的时候，教授毫无表情地向他点了点头。
接着令Fowkes大吃一惊的是，教授并没有按照顺序讲下一课，而是讲了后面一课。
难道他真的在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空教室讲了一课？Fowkes认为这太有可能了。
Today American colleges and universities (originally modeled on German ones) are under strong attack from many quarters. Teachers, it is charged, are not doing a good job of teaching, and students are not doing a good job of learning. American businesses and industries suffer from unenterprising, uncreative executives educated not to think for themselves but to mouth outdated truisms the rest of the world has long discarded. College graduates lack both basic skills and general culture. Studies are conducted and reports are issued on the status of higher education, but any changes that result either are largely cosmetic or make a bad situation worse.今天美国的大学（原本是以德国的大学为模型的）受到了各方面的严厉指责。
1.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports.A. reliant onB. complaint withC. yielding toD.attached to2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur.A. outlineB. explainC. specifyD. term3. A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby’s name tag , making the mother fear she had the wrong child.A. codeB. paperC. boardD. label4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the board to answer criticism of company performance.A. moveB. stintC. alterD. transit5.Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop software and applications for massively parallel supercomputers.A. heavilyB. immenselyC. solidlyD. ponderously6.There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the sourceof their main emotional support to their spouse when they marry.A. move ... toB. subtract ... fromC. distract ... fromD. deflect ... to7.Psychometric tests which attempt to measure students ’ ability to use the library have been developed and made use of primarily in the USA.A. arbitrateB. assessC. calculateD. reckon8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine whatreality is for the child.A. residential pathB. residential streetC.residential districtD. residential part9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge.A. affirmB. confirmC. assumeD. recognize10. As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic balance firmly against the nuclear option.A. tiltB. inclineC. slideD. slant1.Don’t interrupt him. He is now working seriously on his dissertation that is due at the end of this semester.A. buckling down toB. buckling underC. buckling up withD. buckling to2.He has a bad temper and always falls into a fury for the slightest reason, which makes him extremely unwelcome among all the friends.A. sadnessB. depressionC. an extreme angerD. great disappointment3.Through reading the novel, the students realized that the hunchback’s hideous appearance could not conceal his noble characters.A. spectacularB. ugly and unpleasantC. impressiveD.striking and terrible4.When the World War II broke out and the area was bombed severely,many city dwellers had to move to the sticks and led a totally different life.A. small townsB. country areasC. surroundingsD. neighborhoods5.In the general conference, his coarse speaking tone irritated the delegate from the neighboring country and then everyone was involved in a fierce debate.A. ironicB. sarcasticC. angryD. rude6.The police had to keep track of all the actions of the suspects in order to identify the real criminal.A. be informed aboutB. be contacted withC. follow up withD.take notice about7.Confronted with all these evidences and the witnesses, the drunk driver conceded that it was he who caused the fatality of the 3victims in the traffic accident.A. surrenderB. grandC. admitD. yield8.When famine and drought became more severe, the president said he couldnot size up the whole situation and take any action unless he had receiveda complete report.A. bring upB. come up withC. make upD. make a judgment about9.Gaping at the TV screen and watching the fire and smoke,the whole world was startled and could not believe the World Trade Center turned into ruins.A. LookingB. StaringC. GlancingD. Watching10. When thousands of bodies, including those of women and children,were discovered in the forest,everyone and all the media took the same side, criticizing the monstrous mass murder with full bullets.A. tremendousB. incidentalC. famousD. evil读说写 1 第 3 单元1.With a(n) __________ network of committees, sports clubs and societies, each student is encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life.A. thrivingB. encouragingC. excitingD. succeeding2.They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals,ideas that may __________ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections.A. steerB. pilotC. sparkD. lead3.Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss, but you will find that people will tell you things that they __________ others.A. shield onB. shield fromC. shield inD. shield out4.What right did he have to come back into her life like this,trying to __________ it into small pieces that couldn ’t be put back together for a second time?A. crashB. crushC. shatterD. explode5.In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities, which often gave rise to __________ co-ordination problems.A. acuteB. accurateC. accusativeD. alternative6.The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer__________him, though his family members tried very hard to keep the secret.A. came uponB. dawned onC. fell toD. went for7.I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless, but for most of us an hour spent in this position was a(n)__________.A. trialB. testC. examD. ordeal8.But rules that strengthen banks in good times can__________them in recessions.A. crippleB. reduceC. slashD. decrease9.There are few more __________ places on earth than the plains surroundinga volcano in the aftermath of its eruption.A. fertileB. unproblematicC. barrenD. unprofitable10. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been __________ by greed and indifference to violence.A. retardedB. numbedC. idledD. fooled读说写 1 第 4 单元1.Her reputation suffered a _________ blow as the result of the scandal.A. mortalB. shamefulC. humiliatingD. disgraceful2.In explaining this situation, it might be possible to point to sources _________ to the nation: its culture,mentality, religions, or geography.A. inheritedB. hereditaryC. inherentD. heritable3.His ________ difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his family.A. perceptualB. appreciableC. understandableD. recognizable4.He had never previously thought of himself as________or even as particularly materialistic.A. inquisitiveB. interactiveC. positiveD. acquisitive5.Like a dreamer, the young artist is absorbed in________of something outside himself and does not identify with it.A. illusionB. contemplationC. conceptionD. fantasy6.The club, where I am staying, releases forgotten gusts of memory,like those lilies which only________ their sweet perfume at night.A. exhaleB. inhaleC. relaxD. relieve7.If it is a technique which works for you then, use it ________.A. by all meansB. by no meansC. in one wayD. by the way8. You would ________ some responsibility immediately for particular areas and additional responsibilities are available to those with the ability andenthusiasm to undertake.A. bear onB. take onC. carry onD. hold on9. This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the________ of a curriculum devised for urban conditions.A. publicationB. compulsionC. computationD. imposition10. The weak point in the school is due to the_________of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age.A. follyB. prudenceC. crazinessD. madness读说写 1 第 6 单元1.Even though the Duke was convicted of treason,most of the parliament members still supported him and his book was very popular among the publicA. betrayal of one’s countryB. surrender to the enemyC.hurt to people ’s feelingD. control of others2.This method may seem unorthodox , but it has been proved to be very efficient.A. fitfulB. accidentalC. irregularD. unconventional3.Many people settle down in urban areas instead of the countryside,since it is not time to take a sheer rest and they need to work in cities.A. comfortableB. completeC. relaxingD. permanent4.His voice began to falter at the mention of his sufferings in the old days.A. hesitateB. stutterC. decreaseD. shake5.Politically, Wisconsin is a bit of a maverick, and this nature was firmly established by 1848 when it became a state.A. dissenterB. proponentC. opponentD. extremist6.For over 30 years, Singapore has grown from a poor country with hardlyany resources to an affluent,modern and developed nation.A. abundantB. influentC. wealthyD. stimulant7.The doctor told the single father that his son needed to be coddled after the tuberculosis.A. isolated from othersB. treated with great careC. accompanied by othersD. cured with skill8.As a long-term fancier of the classical music, he spent a lot of money in watching live music concertsA. toastB. collaboratorC. shamblesD. zealot9. The architect said that his countrymen hadn’t learned to cherish the old, and they were too quick to tear old buildings down.A. preferB. treasureC. decorateD. renew10. The proud lady wondered how to lower her pride to approach the girl she had been so scornful of.A. hatefulB. convictedC. contemptuousD. doubtful。
新视角研究生英语课后习题答案参考希望大家先自己做然后再对答案，已达到英语练习的预期效果。
Unit1A.1.Identity2.Mobile3.Update4.Ethnic5.Disruptive6.Realignment7.Assume8.Academic9.Isolated10.SpecialistsB.11.1-5 ABDCB 6-10 ABCDACloze1.Were2.Pride3.To4.Work5.Tend6.Not7.Whole8.Human9.Thus10.LessTranslation1.The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among itssmall businesses.2. His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of anindustrialist.3.We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods withthe workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.4.Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some meanshave to be found to transfer his belief to others.5. No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’sapproval, at someone else’s mercy.6. The human beings longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand,with his mind and with his will.7. The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its loss.8. In modern society, people are more likely to be identified by their professions, rather than by theircommunities.9. Careers and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.10. We did have an investigation with regard to the issue, but we should not comment on it.Unit 2A.1.Roaring2.Was hounded3.Preposterous4.Vulgar5.Defects6.Vengeance7.Exquisite8.Gaudy9.Maxim10.Status quoB.1-5 ACBBD6-10ACDBDCloze1. launched2. with3. however4. on5. hiding6. exercise7. varied8. within9. scores 10. average 11. quickest 12. received 13. problems 14. along 15. essential 16. through 17. perform 18. avoid 19. series 20. dropTranslation1.Although she has gone through numerous failures, Katherine still believes that she could make a world champion of her son.2.The training program is not really a bad experience. But I would have liked it better if the courses had been a bit more practical.3.You should have known better than to open a suspicious attachment.4. Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experience half-done.5. Wouldn’t it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden?6. Much as I am eager to please everyone, I seem never be able to speak out the right thing at the right time.7. This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly, for it can keep accurate track of one’s blood pressure8.Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit back and pat herself on the back about the things that she has already done.9. Tom sized up the situation, and decided to downsize his business, which turned out to be a wise decision.10. It is not enough for our university to resign itself to the status quo; it should speed up its development, and make itself one of the best universities in China.Unit 3A.1. plummet2. daunt3. harrowing4. disposition5. surface6. imminent7. exertion 8. wholesome 9. stranded10. gobbleB.1-5 ACBCA 6-10 BDACBCloze1. keys2. divided3. external4. life5. to6. function7. means8. understanding9. oneself 10. of11. successful 12. internally 13. others14. can 15. lies 16. teach 17. derived18. conduct 19. find 20. applyTranslation1.When someone is in “desert of experience”—a period of feeling barren of options, even hope, the mostimportant thing is not allow yourself to be stranded in the desert.2.With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support, Jimmy wanted to escapeat first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through.3.Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life.4.What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering asignificant loss.5.With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet.6.It draws on people that failure is nothing to be afraid of . But it is a precious experience in life.7.The president wishes every student to forge ahead on the career ladder at the commencementceremony.8.Scientists are studying smokers and the people with depression in an attempt to sort out theircomplicated physical and psychological problems.9.Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge thatthey have failed.10.No one can be perfect, so be easy on oneself.Unit 4A.1. sane2. insatiable3. purports4. uplifting5. devout6. static7. arbitrary8. rapt9. cardinal 10. demandingB.1-5 ACADB 6-10AABDACloze1.more2. by3. mind4. found5. yourself6. with7. worrying8. unnecessary9. everything 10. lies11. reason 12. focus 13. problems 14. right15. regardless 16. around 17. happens18. react 19. life 20. onlyTranslation1.In modern society, advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedicatedto depicting happiness.2.Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they spring from a longtradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.3.Short of having their own children, the couple can never experience the pleasure of being parents.4.He takes others’ success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he shoulddo better than others.5.If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. The truth isthat things that lead to happiness involve some pain.6.In homes where money was tight, no sacrifice was too great in order that the child has whatever heneeded to learn to become a musician.7.As long as we understand that fun does not bring happiness, we can begin to lead our lives differently.8.If we do get what we want we’ll keep thinking of all that we don’t possess—and we will remaindissatisfied.9.The only way to truly balance your career with family life is to think long and hard about your lifevalues and live by them.10.Anyone who wants to have a both fruitful and cheerful life should deal well with the relationshipbetween work and play.Unit 5A.1. foolproof2. insane3. default4. likewise5. transmitted6. afar7. productivity8.identify 9. limp 10. disabilityB.1-5 CABDC 6-10 ABBCDCloze1. application2. tool3. insurance4. power5. civilizations6. DNA7. life8. advances9. completely 10. sea 11. and 12. surplus 13. phenomenon 14. techniques 15. diseases 16. has 17. room 18. prediction 19. get 20. withTranslation1.God forbid it if ever I had bought smart appliances!2.He is concerned about state affairs and keeps reading newspapers every day.3.When it comes to the rocketing price of housing, the media generally agree that neither the governmentnor land developers can shrink from their responsibilities.4.Visiting local bookshops for second-hand books at random, I came across more and more books that hadcome from libraries.5.Even if you read Owner’s Manual, you can’t operate your washing machine.6.This job position has attracted many applicants, so before you contact the personnel officer, you need tofigure out what is unique about yourself.7.The Minister of Foreign Affairs quickly adopted a more temperate tone, which was generally thought atleast temporarily to have saved his shaky political career.8.It has been proved time and again by human history that great men are too often unknown, or, what isworse, misunderstood by others.9.The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd, and we all held our breath to watchwhat would happen.10.To check whether the accused men had confessed all his crimes, the court decided to confront him witha witness。
新视角研究生英语读说写1课文翻译以及课后习题答案一、A Workin g Commun i ty5、None of us, mind you, was born into thesecommun ities. Nor did we move into them, U-Haulin g our possessions alongw ith us. None has papers to provew e are card-carryin g members of one such groupo r another. Y et it seemst hat more and more of us are identi fiedb y work thesed ays, rather than by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。
这些身份是我们随身携带的，没有人可以拿出文件证明我们是这个或那个群体的会员卡持有者。
然而，不知不觉中人们的身份更倾向于各自所从事的工作，而不是像以往一样由家庭住址来界定。
6、In the past, most Americ ans live in neighb o rhoo d s. We were member s of precin cts or parish es or school districts. My di ct io n arystill d efines commun tiy, first o f all in geographict erms, as “a body of people who live in one place.”过去大多数彼邻而居的美国人彼此是同一个街区、教区、校区的成员。
新视角研究生英语读说写1课后习题及答案新视角研究生英语读说写1课后习题(unit1-6 单选、翻译unit4-6 cloze)选择题Unit11.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports AA reliant on B. complaint with 投诉C yielding to屈服D. attached to 附属2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur. BA. outline大纲略述B. explainC. specify指定 D term学期条款3.A second hospital has been accused of（被控告的）mixing up a baby’s name tag（标签）, making the mother fear she had the wrong child. DA code B. paper论文，报纸 C board董事会；木板 D label 标签4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the board to answer criticism（批评）of company performance. CA. move B stint 限制 C alter （改变）D transit 越过5 Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas （外国的）to help them develop software and applications for massively parallel supercomputers. BA heavilyB immenselyC solidly坚固地D ponderously 笨重地；生硬地6 There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotional support to their spouse when they marry AA move…toB subtract…from减去C distract….from使分心D deflect….to 偏向7.Psychometric（心理测量的）tests which attempt to measure students’ abi lity to use the library have been developed and made use of primarily in the USA B A, arbitrate 仲裁 B. assess 评价 C. calculate D reckon 测算8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the child C A, residential path B, residential streetC, residential district 住宅的区域 D residential part9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge. D A, affirm 断言肯定 B confirm 确认 C assume 假定，夺取D recognize认识10.As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip（小费，倾斜）the economic balance firmly against the nuclear option A A .tilt 倾斜B, incline 倾向 C slide 滑到一遍 D slant 倾斜，偏向Unit211,Don’t interrupt him, He is now working seriously on his dissertation （论文）that is due at the end of this semester A A. buckling down to 拼尽全力去做B, buckling underC, buckling up with D ,buckling to12.He has a bad temper and always falls into a fury（狂怒）for the slightest reason, which makes him extremely unwelcomeamong all the friends C A sadness B depression 沮丧，洼地；不景气C an extreme angerD great disappointment13.Through reading the novel , the students realized that the hunchback’s (驼背) hideous (可怕的) appearance could not conceal (隐藏）his noble characters. B A, spectacular 壮观的惊人的B, ugly and unpleasantC. impressive 感人的令人影响深刻的D, striking and terrible14,When the World War II broke out and the area was bombed severely, many city dwellers (居民) had to move to the sticks and led a totally different life BA. small towns B, country areas 农村，乡村C, surroundings D neighborhoods15.In the general (一般) conference, his coarse（粗俗的）speaking tone irritated （激怒了）the delegate（代表）from the neighboring country and then everyone was involved in a fierce debate. DA ironicB sarcastic 挖苦的C ,angry D, rude16. The police had to keep track of（记录; 与…保持联系）; all the actions of the suspects (嫌疑犯) in order to identify the real criminal. A A. be informed about 充分了解 B be contacted with 联系C, follow up with D , take notice about 注意17.Confronted with all these evidences and the witnesses , the drunk driver conceded（承认）that it was he who caused the fatality （致命性）of the 3 victims in the traffic accident.C A, surrender B grand 宏伟的C, admit 承认D yield 产量18.When famine ( 饥荒) and drought (干旱) became more severe ,the president said he could not size up (估量) the whole situation and take any action unless he had received a complete report DA. bring up提出B, come up with C make up 化妆D make a judgment about19.Gaping (关注多洞穴的) at the TV screen and watching the fire and smoke , the whole world was startled （惊讶）and could not believe the World Trade Center turned into ruins BA lookingB staring 凝视C glancingD watching20.When thousands of bodies, including those of women and children, were discovered in the forest, everyone and all the media took the same side, criticizing the monstrous（巨大的，荒谬的）mass murder with full bullets. D A tremendous B ,incidental C, famous D evil罪恶Unit321.With an _____ network of committees , sports clubs and societies ,each student is encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life A A, thriving B, encouraging C exciting D lead22.They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals , ideas that may _____ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections CA. steer 控制 B ,pilot 飞行员 C spark 发动 D lead23.Being a good listener is not only useful because you willhear what others miss , but you will find that people will tell you things that they _____ others B A shield on B shield from 使...免遭受 C shield in D shield out24, What right did he have to come back into her life this , trying to _____ into small pieces that couldn’t be put back together for a second time? CA crash 撞碎B ,crush 压碎C, shatter 粉碎 D explode25.In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities , whichoften gave rise to _____ co-ordination problems A A, acute 严重的 B accurate 精确的C, accusative宾格的 D alternative26.The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer _____ him ,though his family members tried very hard to keep the secret B A, came upon B dawned on 降临C, fell to D ,went for27.I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless ,but for most of us an hour spent in this position was an _____ DA. trial试验B test C exam D ordeal . 折磨28.But rules that strengthen bands in good times can _____ them in recessions A A, cripple 削弱B , reduce C slash猛砍D unprofitable无益的，29.There are few more _____ places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the aftermath of its eruption C A fertile 富饶的 B. unproblematic不成问题的 C barren 荒地贫瘠的D unprofitable30. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been _____ by greed and indifference to violence B A retarded 智力迟钝的，发展迟缓的 B numbed麻木的 C idled懒惰的D fooled愚弄Unit431.Her reputation suffered a _____ blow as the result of the scandal AA .mortalB shamefulC humiliating 丢脸的D disgraceful 优雅的32.In explaining this situation it might be possible to point to sources _____ to the nation: its culture, mentality(心态的), religions, or geography. C A. inherited遗传的 B hereditary遗传的C inherent 固有的D heritable 可继承的33.His _____ difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his familyA A, perceptual知觉的B appreciableC understandable可以了解的D recognizable 34.He had never previously thought of himself as _____ or even as particularly materialistic D A, inquisitive . 好奇的B interactive 交互式的C positive D acquisitive想获得的35.Like a dreamer ,the young artist is absorbed in _____ of something outside himself and does not identify with it BA illusionB contemplation沉思C conceptionD fantasy36.The club, where I am staying releases forgotten gusts of memory , like those lilies which only _____ their sweet perfume at night AA exhale呼气B inhale吸气D relieve37.If it is a technique which works for you then , use it _____ AA by all meansB by no meansC in one wayD by the way38.You would _____ some responsibility immediately for particular areas and addition responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake BA bear onB take on 承担C carry on 继续D hold on39.This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the _____ of a curriculum课程devised for urban conditions DA publication出版物B compulsion 强制C computation估计D imposition强加40.The weak point in the school is due to the _____ of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age A A, folly愚蠢 B prudence审慎 C craziness 愚蠢 D madness Unit541.The plumber(水管工)found that the pipe was blocked because of the frozen oil ,and asked us to _____ it out with hot water CA pushC flushD drive42.Don’t forget to bring an _____ for opening cans in your journey to India AA applianceB deviceC utensil 用具D gadgetry小配件43.He suddenly became wealthy , which changed his whole _____ of life BA preferenceB modeC ethicsD modality形式44 Beneath that _____ calm surface is a man of fierce temperD A, mysteriously B carefully C limply柔软地 D apparently 显然地；45.Due to the economic decline , we are seeing unemployment on an unprecedented _____CA sizeB levelC scaleD degree46.He opened the wallet carefully and stretched his hand to feel the _____ of the new dollar bills AA crispness易碎B freshness新鲜C tardiness 缓慢D firmness坚定；47.Although some commentators thought h3e was _____ and ugly ,Jay Chou is now one of Asia’s h ottest pop stars B A literal 文字的 B dumb无说话能力的 C humorous诙谐的 D extrinsic外在的48.Since no one could _____ his scribbling , the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist BA encodeB decipher 密电译文C concernD confront49.Ways in which the authority can discharge its responsibilities for standard _____ for all aspects of care will also require attention CA methodB equipmentC settingD investigation50.Along with the emphasis on scientific development and social changes ,our magazine has also paid _____ attention to fashion D A deserving B little C efficient D dueUnit651.Even though the Duke was convicted(证明有罪的) of treason（不忠）, most of the parliament议会members still supported him and his book was very popular among the public A A betrayal of o ne’s country背叛 B surrender to the enemyC hurt to people’s feelingD control of others52.This method may seem unorthodox（非正统的）,but it has been proved to be very efficient DA fitful一阵阵的B accidental 意外的C irregularD unconventional53.Many people settle down in urban areas instead of the countryside, since it is not time to take a sheer（完全）rest and they need to work in cities BA comfortableB completeC relaxingD permanent54.His voice began to falter at the mention of his sufferings in the old days DA hesitateB stutter结巴C decreaseD shake55.Politically, Wisconsin is a bit of a maverick , and this nature was firmly established by 1848 when it became a state A A dissenter 反对者 B proponent 支持者 C opponent反对者 D extremist极端主义者56.For over 30 years , Singapore has grown from a poor country with hardly any resources to an affluent , modern and developed nation CA abundantB influent流入的C wealthy D, stimulant57.The doctor told the single father that his son needed to be coddled after the tuberculosisB A isolated from others B treated with great careC accompanied by othersD cured with skill58.As a long-term fancier（爱好者）of the classical music , he spent a lot of money in watching live music concerts DA toastB collaborator合作者C shambles 蹒跚地走D zealot狂热者59.The architect said that his countrymen hadn’t learned to cherish珍爱the old, and they were too quick to tear old buildings down BA preferB treasure珍爱C decorateD renew60.The proud lady wondered how to lower her pride to approach the girl she had been so scornful（轻蔑的）of C A hateful B convicted C contemptuous D ,doubtful汉译英Unit11．餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。
Unit 6 The Right to FailBackground Information1. About the author and the textWilliam Zinsser is a former newspaper reporter, prolific magazine writer, editor, teacher and renowned writing coach. His fifteen books include the classic On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction (now in its 25th anniversary edition), as well as Writing to Learn, How to Write a Memoir, Speaking of Journalism, Writing About Your Life: A Journey to the Past and Inventing the Truth: The Art and Craft of Memoir. During the 1970s Zinsser was master of Branford College at Yale University, where he taught nonfiction writing. Now he is teaching in the Journalism School of Columbia University.2. Famous dropoutsAs William Zinsser suggested in the article, "For the young, dropping out is often a way of dropping in." We can find many celebrities were/are virtually dropouts. The following list introduces some famous dropouts to you:1)Elementary school dropoutsCharles Dickens: best-selling British author, writer of Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, Hard Times, Oliver Twist, etc.Thomas Edison: self-made multimillionaire, American inventor; electrical power usage pioneer; filmmaker; knighted.Benjamin Franklin:American political-diplomat-author-printer-publisher-scientist-inventor; co-author and co-signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence; one of the founders of The United States of America; face is pictured on the U.S. one-hundred dollar bill (formal education of less than two years; home schooling/life experience).Kaba Gandhi: father of Indian political leader Mohandas, "Mathatma" Gandhi (no formal education; home schooling/life experience).Claude Monet: French painter; master of Impressionism artist, whose famous painting is Water Lilies2)High school dropoutsJulie Andrews: Oscar-winning actress-singer [The Sound of Music); best-selling British author; bestowed the rank of Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2000.John Jacob Astor: self-made multimillionaire; German-born early American businessman; America's first multimillionaire.Joseph Brodsky: winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 1987, Russian-born American poet.Joschka Fischer: German politician; Foreign Minister.Soichiro Honda: self-made multimillionaire; Japanese businessman; motorcycle industry pioneer; founder of the Honda Motor Company.Peter Jackson: Oscar-winner [The Lord of the Rings trilogy); New Zealand film director-writer-producer.Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch microscope maker; world's first microbiologist; discoverer of bacteria, blood cells, and sperm cells.John Woo: Chinese-born film director [Mission Impossible 2, Broken Arrow, Windtalkers, etc.)3)College dropoutsF. Scott Fitzgerald: American writer; drop out of Princeton, works including The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night, etc.Woody Allen: Hollywood Actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright (Manhattan, Annie Hall, Melinda and Melinda, etc.), expelled from New York University and City College of New York.Bill Gates: self-made multimillionaire; drop out of Harvard; founder of Microsoft.Michael Dell: self-made multimillionaire, dropped out of. the University of Texas, founder of Dell computer.3. Bill Gates' 11 rules to students1)Life is not fair, get used to it.2)The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect youto accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.3）You will not make 40 thousand dollars a year right out of high school. You won't be a vice president with a car phone, until you earn both.4）If you think your teacher is tough, wait until you get a boss. He doesn't have tenure.5）Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your grandparents had a different word for burger flipping; they called it opportunity.6）If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.7）Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now.They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes andlistening to you talk about how cool you are. So before you save the rainforest from the parasites of your parents'generation, try "delousing" thecloset in your own room.8）Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not.In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.9）Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time.10）Television is not real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.11）Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.Notes1. What I don't like is that we use it almost entirely as a dirty word. (Para. I): But I dislike that the word "dropout" is almost used as a word with a bad sense or the idea of "dropout" is totally disapproved by the public.dirty word: an idea or sth else that people disapprove of; an unpleasantidea or word 人们不赞成的念头或话语，不得体的话语或念头等e.g. "Revolution" is a dirty word these days for those who are veryconservative.Nowadays "power" tends to be a slightly dirty word as far asorganizations are concerned.2. Yet an adult who spends his days and nights watching mindless TV programs is more of a dropout than an eighteen-year-old who quits college, with its frequently mindless courses to become, say, a VISTA volunteer. (Para. 2): However, if we compare an adult who is addicted to stupid TV programs daily with a youngster who withdraws from the college that offers stupid courses and becomes a volunteer, for example, in the VISTA, the former is more of a dropout than the latter.mindless adj.:1) quite lacking in or not requiring intelligence 愚蠢的，不需要智慧的e.g. Since we all agree that the work in the warehouse is mindless andtiring, all of us three have decided to leave as soon as possible.His drinking bouts frequently ended in mindless violence.2) paying no attention to; forgetful of 不注意，忘却e.g. He is mindless of the danger of fire.Mindless of the popular trends, the singer finds success again.3. For the young, dropping out is often a way of dropping in. (Para. 2): Forthe young, to withdraw from the routine life is often a way to begin a life of their own.drop out: not take part; move away from or refuse to join ordinary society because of not agreeing to accepted practices, standards, and ways of living 退出，退学e.g. Every year some of the students taking this difficultcourse have to drop out before Christmas.Using both structures, there will still be many trainees who dropout or are deemed unsuited as advice workers.drop in: originally it means "pay a casual visit", but in this context, it is used as the antonym of "drop out", it means "live a real life, return to the main trend".4. A boy or girl who leaves college is branded a failure — and the right to fail is one of the few freedoms that this country does not grant its citizens. (Para. 3): Any youngster who drops out from college is taken as a failure, and the country's values do not allow anyone to fail.brand vt.: give ... a bad name 栽诬，指责……为坏人e.g. Despite his hard work for the company, he was branded as a betrayer.The most important revolution in education for decades was branded aflop by school inspectors.5.our magazine articles a toast to people who made it to the top. (Para. 3): our magazine is publishing articles that praise those who have succeeded in earning material success and reaching the top of the social ladder.6.Happiness goes to the man who has the sweet smell of achievement. (Para.3): Only those who are successful in life will feel happy and enjoy their life.7. We need mavericks and dissenters and dreamers far more than we need junior vice-presidents, but we paralyze them by insisting that every step be astep up to the next rung of the ladder. (Para. 4): We need those who have their own idea about life and who are working for their dreams more than those who are successful in terms of routine. However, since our society insists that everyone should climb the social ladder step by step. Those who do not follow this will not reach the top.paralyze vt.: make ineffective; cause to stop working 使无能为力，使停止工作e.g. The death of her parents paralyzed the poor girl and she could onlysuccumb to the president.A blanket assault on our institutions and motives can paralyze thenation's capacity togovern itself.8. Yet in the fluid years of youth, the only way for boys and girls to find their?proper road is often to take a hundred side trips, poking out in different directions, faltering, drawing back, and starting again. (Para. 4): But the youth period for anyone is full of changes. Only after youngsters divert from the designated road, search for directions, can they restart their journey and finally find the proper road to the future.9. But what if we fail? They ask, whispering the dreadful word across the Generation Gap to their parents, who are back home at the Establishment nursing their middle-class values and cultivating their goal-oriented society. The parents whisper back: Don't! (Para. 5): But boys and girls wonder what would happen if they fail, and this concern is sent to their parents, who are adhering to established social order, believing in the social-admitted middle-class value and working hard to construct a society which impose the same goal to each member, parents are terrified by the idea that their children may fail, and urge youth to join the main stream instead of following their own path.the Establishment: an established social order, esp. the traditional ruling class elite and the structures of society which they control 体制，统治阶级精英及其控制的社会e.g. Sociologically, one who does not belong to the Establishment is an outsider.Recently the conservative critics have asserted that the liberal hasbecome the newEstablishment.10. Countless people have had a bout with it and come out stronger as a result. (Para. 6): Many people have experienced failures which have made them stronger.come out:1) appear 结果是，显现e.g. In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to theexisting law, which was beyond everyone's expectation.He came out well in that picture.2) become known 传出，（真相）大白e.g. They don't want the secret to come out yet.When the news came out, all of us became angry.3) be published 被刊行，被出版e.g. When will his new book come out?The report about the development in that country can't come outfor some reason.11. Luckily, such rebels still turn up often enough to prove that individualism, though badly threatened, is not extinct. (Para. 7): Fortunately such dissenters or mavericks often appear in life and they prove that the individualism, which has been threatened by the power of routine, still exists.12. Hoving was a dropout's dropout, entering and leaving schools as if they were motels, often at the request of the management. (Para. 7): Hoving's action was unique even among the group of the dropouts. He entered and left schoolsseveral times as if he went to and left motels, since he often violated the school codes or failed to meet the academic requirement and had to drop out.at the request of: because of the request of, responding to one's request 应……的要求e.g. The security was strengthened at the request o/heragent.At the request of the Ministry of Public Health, the sale of the medicinewill be suspended.13. There is nothing accidental about the grip that this dropout continues tohold on the affections of an entire American generation. (Para. 8): Holden Caulfield, the hero in The Catcher in the Rye, is still attracting the new American generation and this does not happen by chance, i.e. there must be some the underlying reason.grip n.: a very tight forceful hold 紧握，紧抓e.g. Hold the bar with an alternate grip -that is one palm facing outwards and onefacing inwards.His speech has a good grip on an audience.14. Nobody else, real or invented, has made such an engaging shambles of our "goal-oriented society," so gratified our secret belief that the "phonies" are in power and the good guys up the creek. (Para. 8): In real life or in our imaginations, we have never met anyone like Holden Caulfield, who has created such an attractive confusion about our society, which only believes in final goal, being satisfied with the belief that our society is controlled by the phonies while good guys are in trouble.shambles n.: [colloquial, singular) muddle or confusion 紊乱，混乱（的地方或场所）e.g. The meeting ended in a shambles and everyone shouted withanger.Your room is in a shambles. Tidy it up!gratify vt.: give what is desired to, indulge 使满足e.g. If parents want to gratify their children's thirst for knowledge, they needto become good readers and questioners themselves.I am gratified to know that my favorite star will have a show in our city.Gratification n: 喜悦，满足；令人满足的事务e.g. His son's success is a great gratification to him.we can't hide our gratification.phony:1) n. someone or sth pretended, false, unreal, or intended to deceive 虚假的人，冒充的人，骗子e.g. Never trust any word from his mouth — he is a complete phony.He is a total phony, claiming himself a PhD.2) adj. sham, unreal, not genuine 假冒的，不真实的e.g. That man boasted that he had crashed the United States with a phonypassport.This business of the car crash sounds phony to mostof us.be up the creek: be in difficulties 在困难中，在困境里e.g. The whole family was up the creek after the death of thefather.The clerk will be really up the creek unless he finds some money to payoff his loan.15. I'm not urging everyone to go out and fail just for the sheer therapy of it, or to quit college just to coddle some vague discontent. (Para. 9): I am not encouraging everyone to fail intentionally just because we can learn from failure. Neither do I mean anyone should withdraw from the school owing to some unclear dissatisfaction.coddle v.\ treat with great care and tenderness; pamper 纵容，宠爱e.g. The baby was coddled by everyone in the village since it was in poorhealth.Don't coddle or curb them, let them be themselves.16. "Society", needless to say, still has the upper hand — it sets the goals and condemns as a failure everybody who won't play. (Para. 12): Undoubtedly, the so-called "society" is still more powerful than individual. It decides the goals for everyone and those fail to function well to meet the goal is branded failure.have the upper hand: have the advantage over 占优势，占上风e.g. The Conservative Party still had the upper hand over the Labor andcontrolled the Parliament.The couple hit each other with chairs and surprisingly, the woman hadthe upper hand.condemn as: express very strong disapproval of sb or sth 强烈反对，视为（不好的）e.g. The workers strongly disliked the manager's behavior and condemned himas a phony.Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil. condemnation n.: 责难，谴责e.g. He quickly recommended that the President issue a public condemnation.She cares nothing about condemnation of her actions.17. This is hardly the road to riches or to an executive suite. (Para. 13): Toserve in VISTA will not help youngsters to take the right way to riches and fame.suite n.: a set of rooms esp expensive in a hotel （酒店）套房e.g. He promises to buy his wife a new three-piece-suite for their home.The Queen's suite fills the second floor on the south side.18. Who is to say, then, if there is any right path to the top, or even to say what the top consists of? (Para. 14): Then who can be certain that there is a right way to reach the top of the society, or to make success, or even be certain what the success is made up of?19. Obviously the colleges don't have more than a partial answer — otherwise the young would not be so disaffected with an education that they consider vapid. (Para. 14): Undoubtedly the colleges can only offer a partial answer to the question, if it is not so, the young would be satisfied with the education and would not feel tired of it.vapid adj.: dull, uninteresting 乏味的，枯燥的e.g. The vapid utterances of the clergy made even the most pious audience verysleepy.Tom dislikes the vapid food prepared by his mum.vapidness, vapidity n.: 乏味，枯燥e.g. she was bored with the vapidness of their conversation.The vapidness of the film was beyond our expectation.vapidly adv.:乏味地，枯燥地e.g. The salesman smiled vapidly.He read the letter vapidly aloud to me.20. The fact is, nobody has the answer, and the dawning awareness of thisfact seems to me one of the best things happening in America today. (Para.15): The fact is that none of us knows the answer and, for me, that more andmore people begin to realize this fact is one of the best things in our current American society.dawn v.:1) begin to become light in the morning 破晓，天初亮e.g. The morning dawned clear after the rain.It was dawning as we left.2) begin to appear or develop, emerge 开始出现，渐露端倪e.g. The day of the new system has not yet dawned.The statistics reveals that better life has dawned.3} dawn on/upon sb: begin evident to the mind 开始现出，变的明白e.g. The truth began to dawn on him.It has just dawned on me that he was the murderer.21. Success and failure are again becoming individual visions, as they were when the country was younger, not rigid categories. (Para. 15): It's up to the individual to decide what is success and what is failure in their own understanding, and success and failure should not rigidly be denned by society. This is what happened in our country when it was younger.Key to ExercisesI. Reading Comprehension1. For the young, to withdraw from the routine life is often a way to live theirown lives.2. A fink means a contemptible person. The people in society strongly dislikefinks and give them a hard time. However, the author believes that finks,especially the young ones, have the potential to turn into men with theirown thoughts and he suggests that society give them time and release themfrom the pressure of achieving certain goals.3. Here it means that people should have their own minds and their ownstandards for success and failure. They should have their own sense ofdirection and should not follow the social routine without consideration.4. He was NY's former Parks Commissioner and now director of theMetropolitan Museum of Art. He was chosen since he is a good exampleto demonstrate how a so-called dropout could learn from his/her life to bea dropin, and finally reach the top of one's profession.5. This is an open question. Obviously, the author does not deny thefunction of education completely, which is shown in paragraph 9, but it seems that he dislikes the current education system to some degree,which is proved in paragraph 14 by saying "an education they thinkvapid".6. He means that failure is perhaps unavoidable and it can teach everyone a lotand thus help him/her to make some improvement and then achieve final success.7. Because the author may want to emphasize the power the out-dated routinehas. Perhaps "society" can be replaced by "old customs", "the idea thatcontrols most people", etc.8. The author encourages youngsters to take their own way regardless ofthe social power and influence and supports the idea that success and failure should be individual visions instead of unified standards.VIII. TranlstionA.1. The twin sisters always appeared together, speaking in the same tone, thusnone of us could tell them from each other.2. The professor put in a word for his favorite student in the recommendationletter, although this student had quit college for two years.3. The Russians, both on land and in the air, had then the upper hand of theGermans.4. After being expelled from university for cheating in the exam, he was up thecreek now.5. At the request of the students' parents, the school allowed the students tostudy at home in the evening.6. They didn't accept the report, because it came out totally against the socialstandard.7. With many twists and turns, the naive little girl finally became sophisticated,learning how to deal with difficulties.8. Although mavericks are condemned as eccentrics by the society, they aredeeply welcomed by the youth.9. Thanks to the help from that charity organization, poor students who oncedropped out from school can continue their education.?10. To celebrate the loyal family's visit to the small town, the local residentsstrewed all the paths with flowers.B.然而在美国，持有这种观点差不多就是背叛。
