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帝斯曼蛋鸡说产品手册帝斯曼蛋鸡产品手册欢迎您使用帝斯曼蛋鸡产品！本手册旨在向您介绍我们的产品特性、使用方法和维护技巧，以帮助您充分了解并正确使用帝斯曼蛋鸡蛋品种。
在手册中，您将获得有关饲养环境、饲料管理和健康护理方面的详细指导，以确保您的蛋鸡在生产中取得最佳效果。
产品简介帝斯曼蛋鸡以其高产蛋力、可靠性和耐用性而闻名。
我们的产品不仅适合家庭养殖，也非常适合大规模商业养殖。
每只帝斯曼蛋鸡都经过精心挑选和培育，以确保其具备出色的生产能力，同时兼顾健康和适应力。
饲养环境为了获得最佳的生产效果，帝斯曼蛋鸡需要在适宜的饲养环境中生活。
以下是一些关键因素，需确保蛋鸡舒适和健康：1. 温度控制：保持合适的温度范围对于蛋鸡的生产至关重要。
提供适宜的通风和加热设备，以调节环境温度，确保蛋鸡不受过热或过冷的影响。
2. 饲养密度：饲养密度对蛋鸡的生产性能有直接影响。
确保蛋鸡有足够的空间和舒适的居住条件，以保持它们的健康和生产力。
3. 光照管理：光照是调节蛋鸡产蛋周期的重要因素。
提供适宜的日照时间和强度，确保蛋鸡的生理功能正常，并促进其产蛋能力的发挥。
饲料管理适当的饲料管理对于蛋鸡的健康和蛋的质量具有重要意义。
以下是一些建议，以确保您的帝斯曼蛋鸡获得丰富的营养和良好的饲料管理：1. 蛋鸡饲料配方：根据蛋鸡的生产阶段（生长期或产蛋期）选择适当的饲料配方。
确保饲料中含有充足的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质，以满足蛋鸡的营养需求。
2. 饲料喂养计划：制定合理的饲料喂养计划，确保蛋鸡在适当的时间和适量供应饲料。
根据蛋鸡的需求和产蛋能力进行饲料供应的调整。
3. 饮水管理：提供清洁、新鲜的饮水，并定期更换饮水器中的水源。
确保蛋鸡随时有足够的水源，以保持其体内代谢过程的正常进行。
健康护理蛋鸡的健康状况直接影响着它们的产蛋能力和生产效果。
以下是一些保持蛋鸡健康的关键方面，您可以采取相应的措施：1. 疫苗免疫：按照兽医的建议，及时给蛋鸡接种必要的疫苗，以防止传染病的发生。
Steroid hormoneFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchA steroid hormone (abbreviated as sterone) [1] is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors, though technically sterols rather than steroids.Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand illness and injury. The term steroid both describes hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.Contents[hide]∙ 1 Synthesiso 1.1 Synthetic steroids and sterols∙ 2 Effects∙ 3 External links∙ 4 References[edit] SynthesisFurther information: SteroidogenesisSteroidogenesis with enzymes and intermediatesThe natural steroid hormones are generally synthesized from cholesterol in the gonads and adrenal glands. These forms of hormones are lipids. They can pass through the cell membrane[2] as they are fat-soluble, and then bind to steroid hormone receptors which may be nuclear or cytosolic depending on the steroid hormone, to bring about changes within the cell. Steroid hormones are generally carried in the blood bound to specific carrier proteins such as sex hormone-binding globulin or corticosteroid-binding globulin. Further conversions and catabolism occurs in the liver, in other "peripheral" tissues, and in the target tissues.[edit] Synthetic steroids and sterolsA variety of synthetic steroids and sterols have also been contrived. Most are steroids, but some non-steroidal molecules can interact with the steroid receptors because of a similarity of shape. Some synthetic steroids are weaker, and some much stronger, than the natural steroids whose receptors they activate.Some examples of synthetic steroid hormones:∙Glucocorticoids: prednisone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone∙Mineralocorticoid: fludrocortisone∙Vitamin D: dihydrotachysterol∙Androgens: oxandrolone, testosterone, nandrolone (also known as anabolic steroids)∙Oestrogens: diethylstilbestrol (DES)∙Progestins: norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate[edit] EffectsSteroids exert a wide variety of effects mediated by slow genomic as well as by rapid nongenomic mechanisms. They bind to nuclear receptors in the cell nucleus for genomic actions. Membrane-associated steroid receptors activate intracellular signaling cascades involved in nongenomic actions.Because steroids and sterols are lipid-soluble, they can diffuse fairly freely from the blood through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of target cells. In the cytoplasm, the steroid may or may not undergo an enzyme-mediated alteration such as reduction, hydroxylation, or aromatization. In the cytoplasm, the steroid binds to the specific receptor, a large metalloprotein. Upon steroid binding, many kinds of steroid receptor dimerize: Two receptor subunits join together to form one functional DNA-binding unit that can enter the cell nucleus. In some of the hormone systems known, the receptor is associated with a heat shock protein, which is released on the binding of the ligand, the hormone. Once in the nucleus, the steroid-receptor ligand complex binds to specific DNA sequences and induces transcription of its target genes./wiki/Steroid_hormone类固醇激素科技名词定义中文名称：类固醇激素英文名称：steroid hormone定义：一类脂溶性激素，其结构的基本核是由三个六元环及一个五元环并合生成的环戊烷多氢菲。
奶牛的β-胡萝卜素营养帝斯曼（中国）有限公司奶牛繁殖障碍所造成的经济损失每头每年可达300元～1200元，其中50%的经济损失是因为使用寿命缩短和配种次数增加造成的。
由于产量越高，奶牛的营养需要越难满足，越容易发生繁殖、代谢等疾病，所以高产奶牛被迫淘汰的风险远高于一般产量的奶牛。
目前国内牧场每年要淘汰20%～30%的奶牛，其中繁殖障碍、肢蹄病和乳腺炎是导致奶牛淘汰的主要原因，而因繁殖障碍导致淘汰的奶牛占整个淘汰奶牛的25%以上，给牧场造成了巨大的损失。
β-胡萝卜素一直以来仅被当作是维生素A的前体，很多人认为只要奶牛日粮中补充足够的维生素A，就不需要β-胡萝卜素。
但最近的研究发现β-胡萝卜素不仅是维生素A的前体，还是一种与奶牛繁殖过程密切联系的维生素，它具有自己独特的，不能被维生素A所替代的功能。
奶牛生殖器官中，尤其是黄体内存在大量β-胡萝卜素，但没有维生素A，O’Fallon 和Chew等也发现β-胡萝卜素是奶牛黄体细胞膜的不可缺少的组成成分。
不管是体外试验，还是体内试验研究结果都表明β-胡萝卜素都参与许多繁殖生理过程：如Sklan等发现奶牛排卵后被转运进黄体内的β-胡萝卜素迅速增加，而黄体孕酮也正在这时产生，所以这可能表明β-胡萝卜素与正在其时合成和分泌孕酮的过程有关；Graves-Hoagland等发现奶牛在冬天缺少青绿饲料，β-胡萝卜素摄入减少时，黄体细胞分泌的孕酮就会减少，而Ahlsvede和Lotthamer等发现因缺乏β-胡萝卜素而导致的黄体细胞孕酮分泌减少的现象能通过补充β-胡萝卜素而得到改善，但增加维生素A的补充量则不能起到作用。
β-胡萝卜素缺乏的另一个表现是激素分泌不平衡，这可能是导致奶牛可观察发情减少，繁殖率降低，配种次数增加的原因。
Lotthamer报道仅给奶牛补充A，不补充β-胡萝卜素时，奶牛配种次数为2.0次，但补充β-胡萝卜素后配种次数减少到1.4次。
缺乏β-胡萝卜素时LH分泌峰与排卵之间的时间间隔会延长，奶牛的发情表现减弱。
DSM Vitamin Supplementation Guidelines 2011for domestic animalsHEALTH •NUTRITION •MATERIALSPOULTRY(1)Category/Phase Duration Vit. A Vit. D3(2) 25OHD3 Vit. E(3) Vit. K3 Vit. B1 Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12(7) Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C(8)(9) Choline (Hy•D)(2)(Menadione) thenic acidI.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mgBroilersStarters 1 - 10 days 11000-15000 3000-5000 0.069 150-300(4) 3 - 4 3 - 4 8 - 10 4 - 6 0.02 - 0.04 60 - 80 15 - 20 2 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.4 100-200 400-700 Growers 11 - 24 days 10000-12500 3000-5000 0.069 50-100(5) 3 - 4 2 - 3 7 - 9 4 - 6 0.02 - 0.03 60 - 80 12 - 18 2 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.3 100-200 400-700 Finishers 25 days - market 10000-12500 3000-5000 0.069 50-100(5)(6) 3 - 4 2 - 3 6 - 8 4 - 6 0.02 - 0.03 50 - 80 10 - 15 2 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.3 100-200 400-600 Broiler breedersStarters & growers 0 - 18 wks 10000-12000 3000-4000 0.069 80-100(4) 3 - 5 2 - 3 6 - 8 3 - 5 0.02 - 0.03 30 - 60 13 - 15 1.5 - 2 0.2 - 0.4 100-150 350-700 Layers 19 wks - end 12000-15000 3000-5000 0.06910) 100-150(5) 5 - 7 3 - 3.5 12 - 16 4 - 6 0.03 - 0.04 50 - 60 15 - 25 2 - 4 0.25 - 0.4 100-150 350-700 (& male breeders)Hen & duck layersStarters (pullets) 0 -10 wks 12000-13000 3000-4000 0.069 50-100(4) 3 - 3.5 2 - 2.5 6 - 7 4.5 - 5.5 0.025 - 0.03 50 - 60 15 - 17 1 - 1.5 0.15 - 0.2 100-150 200-400 Rearing (pullets) 10 wks - 2% lay 10000-12000 2000-3000 0.069 30-35 3 - 3.5 2 - 2.5 5 - 6 3 - 5 0.02 - 0.025 30 - 60 12 - 15 1 - 1.5 0.1 - 0.15 100-150 200-400 Layers Laying phase 8000-12000 3000-4000 0.069 20-30(5) 2.5 - 3 2.5 - 3 5 - 7 3.5 - 5 0.015 - 0.025 30 - 50 8 - 12 1 - 1.5 0.1 - 0.15 100-200 300-500 Layer breedersGrowers & layers 0 wks - end 10000-15000 3000-4500 0.069(10) 50-100(5) 2 - 5 2.5 - 3.5 10 - 12 5 - 6 0.02 - 0.04 45 - 60 15 - 20 2 - 3 0.25 - 0.4 150-200 300-500 (& male breeders)Ducks and geese12000-15000 3000-5000 0.069 40-80 3 - 5 2 - 3 7 - 9 5 - 7 0.02 - 0.04 60 - 80 10 - 15 1 - 2 0.1 - 0.15 100-200 300-500 Partridges. quails12000-13500 3000-4000 0.069 50-80 2 - 4 2 - 4 5 - 7 4 - 6 0.03 - 0.05 50 - 80 15 - 25 1.5 - 2 0.15 - 0.25 100-200 400-600 and pheasantsOstriches and emus12000-16000 3000-4000 0.069 40-60 2 - 4 3 - 5 10 - 20 6 - 8 0.05 - 0.1 80 - 100 12 - 20 2 - 4 0.2 - 0.35 200-250 600-800 (1) Added per kg air-dry feed. (2)Local legal limits of Vitamin D3activity need to be observed. (3)When dietary fat is higher than 3% then add 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat. (4)Higher level for optimum immune function.(5) Under heat stress conditions increase level up to 200 mg/kg. (6)For optimum meat quality increase level up to 200 mg/kg. (7) Use upper level as reference for animal protein free diets and when cobalt is supplemented at very low levels or removed. (8)Recommended under heat stress condition and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders.(9)Use ROVIMIX®STAY-C®(ascorbyl-monophosphate) for reducing losses during processing. (10)Improve hatchability by using MAXICHICK®. the combination of Hy•D®(25-OH-D3) with 60 ppm of CAROPHYLL®Red (Canthaxanthin). The use of MAXICHICK®is covered by a DSM Nutritional Products international patent application WO 2010 057811 nationalized in US and Europe amongst others. MAXICHICK®is a trademark registered in Europe and the US amongst others.Category/Phase Duration Vit. A Vit. D3(2) 25OHD3 Vit. E(3) Vit. K3 Vit. B1 Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12(7) Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C(8)(9) Choline (Hy•D)(2)(Menadione) thenic acidI.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg TurkeysStarters 0 - 6 wks 12000-15000 4000-5000 0.092 100-250(4) 4 - 5 4.5 - 5 15 - 20 6 - 7 0.04 - 0.05 100 - 150 30 - 35 4 - 6 0.25 - 0.4 100-200 1000-1200 Growers 7 - 12 wks 10000-12000 3000-5000 0.092 60-80 3 - 4 3 - 5 10 - 15 5 - 7 0.03 - 0.04 80 - 100 20 - 25 2 - 3 0.25 - 0.3 100-200 500-1000 Finishers 1 13 - 18 wks 8000-10000 3000-4000 0.092 30-50(5)(6) 3 - 4 3 - 4 8 - 10 3 - 6 0.02 - 0.03 60 - 80 15 - 20 2 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.25 100-200 400-600 Finishers 2 18 wks - market 6000-9000 2000-3000 0.092 30-50(5)(6) 3 - 4 2 - 3 8 - 10 3 - 6 0.015 - 0.025 50 - 60 15 - 20 2 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.25 100-200 400-600 Turkey breedersStarters 0 - 6 wks 12000-14000 4000-5000 0.092 100-250(4) 4 - 5 4.5 - 5 15 - 20 6 - 7 0.04 - 0.05 100 - 150 30 - 35 4 - 6 0.4 - 0.6 100-200 1000-1200 Growers 7-29 wks 8000-10000 4000-5000 0.092 60-80 2 - 4 2 - 3 10 - 15 6 - 7 0.03 - 0.04 60 - 80 25 - 30 2 - 3 0.4 - 0.6 100-200 1000-1200 Layers Laying phase 12000-14000 4000-5000 0.092(10) 100-150(5) 4 - 5 4 - 5 15 - 20 6 - 7 0.04 - 0.05 80 - 120 30 - 35 4 - 6 0.4 - 0.6 100-200 500-1000 (& male breeders)(1) Added per kg air-dry feed. (2)Local legal limits of Vitamin D3activity need to be observed. (3)When dietary fat is higher than 3% then add5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat. (4)Higher level for optimum immune function.(5) Under heat stress conditions increase level up to 200 mg/kg.(6)For optimum meat quality increase level up to 200 mg/kg. (7) Use upper level as reference for animal protein free diets and when cobalt issupplemented at very low levels or removed. (8)Recommended under heat stress condition and to enhance reproductive performance inbreeders.(9)Use ROVIMIX®STAY-C®(ascorbyl-monophosphate) for reducing losses during processing. (10)Improve hatchability by usingMAXICHICK®, the combination of Hy•D®(25-OH-D3) with 60 ppm of CAROPHYLL®Red (Canthaxanthin). The use of MAXICHICK®is coveredby a DSM Nutritional Products international patent application WO 2010 057811 nationalized in US and Europe amongst others. MAXICHICK®is a trademark registered in Europe and the US amongst others.Category/Phase Duration Vit. A Vit. D3(2) 25OHD3 Vit. E(3) Vit. K3 Vit. B1 Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12(7) Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C(8)(9) Choline ß-Carotene (Hy•D)(2)(Menadione) thenic acidI.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg Fattening pigsPre-starters < 5 kg 10000-20000 1800-2000 0.05 100-150(4) 8 - 10 3.5 - 5.5 10 - 15 6 - 8 0.05-0.07 60 - 80 30 - 50 1.5 - 3 0.2 - 0.4 100-200 500-800 Starters 5 - 30 kg 10000-15000 1800-2000 0.05 100-150 5 - 6 3 - 5 10 - 15 6 - 8 0.04-0.06 35 - 55 25 - 45 1.5 - 2.5 0.2 - 0.4 100-200 250-400 Growers 30 - 70 kg 7000-10000 1500-2000 0.05 60-100 2 - 4 2 - 3 7 - 10 2.5 - 4.5 0.03-0.05 20 - 40 25 - 45 1 - 1.5 0.15 - 0.3 150-300 Finishers 70 kg to market 5000-8000 1000-1500 0.05 60-100(5) 2 - 4 1 - 2 6 - 10 2 - 3.5 0.03-0.05 20 - 40 25 - 45 0.5 - 1 0.1 - 0.2 100-200BreedersReplacement gilts 10000-12500 1800-2000 0.05 80-100 1.5 - 3 1 - 2 6 - 10 3.5 - 5.5 0.03-0.05 20 - 30 15 - 30 3.5 - 5.5 0.3 - 0.5 200-300 250-500 Sows 10000-15000 1500-2000 0.05 100-150(6) 4.5 - 5 2 - 2.5 6 - 10 3.5 - 5.5 0.03-0.05 25 - 45 30 - 35 3.5 - 5.5 0.5 - 0.8 200-300 500-800 300(10) Boars 10000-15000 1500-2000 0.05 100-150 4.5 - 5 1 - 2 6 - 10 3.5 - 5.5 0.03-0.05 25 - 45 20 - 30 3.5 - 5.5 0.5 - 0.8 200-500 500-800(1)Added per kg air-dry feed. (2)Local legal limits of Vitamin D3activity need to be observed. (3)When dietary fat ishigher than 3% then add 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat. (4)For optimum immune health: additional 100 mg/kgfeed.(5)For optimum meat quality: additional 150 mg/kg feed. (6) For optimum piglet health: during late pregnancy andlactation total 250 mg/kg feed.(7)Use upper level when cobalt is supplemented at very low levels or removed.(8)Recommended in stress condition and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders. (9) Use ROVIMIX®STAY-C®(ascorbyl-monophosphate) for reducing losses during processing. (10)For improved sow fertility: to be fed per animalper day immediately after weaning until confirmed conception.RUMINANTS(1)Category/Phase Vit. A Vit. D3 Vit. E Vit. K3 Vit. B1 Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12 Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C Choline ß-Carotene(Menadione) thenic acidI.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mgCalves, milk replacer0-3 months 20000-32000 1400-1800 100-150 1 - 1.5 2.5 - 5 2.5 - 4.5 2.5 - 4.5 0.04 - 0.08 9 - 18 7 - 9 0.2 - 0.3 0.05 - 0.1 250-500 500-750 100(11) HeifersRearing 20000-40000 2500-4000 500 10 - 20(9) 300-500(12) 6-4 wks 20000-40000 2500-4000 1000-3000 10 - 20(9) 500-1000(13) before calvingBeef cattleGrowing 50000-70000 6000-9000 200-300 60 - 250(7) 10 - 20(9)Fattening & finishing 50000-70000 5000-7000 500-2000(4) 60 - 250(7) 10 - 20(9)Beef cows50000-120000 5000-10000 300-500 20(9) 300-500(12) Dairy cowsFar-off & close-up(2) 75000-100000 25000-35000 1000-3000(5) 20(10) 500-1000(14) Transition(3) 75000-100000 25000-35000 1000-3000(5) 5000-10000(8) 20(10) 500-800(15) Lactation 100000-150000 30000-50000 500-1000(6) 5000-10000(8) 20(10) 300-500(16)Breeding bulls50000-120000 5000-10000 300-500 20(9)Sheep & goats5000-10000 600 200-400 100 5(11)(1) Added per animal per day. (2)Far-off: from 8-3 weeks before calving; Close-up: from 3 weeks before calving to calving. (3)Transition: from 4-3 weeks before calving to 3-4 weeks after calving. (4) Upper level for improved color shelf life.100-120 days pre-marketing. (5)Upper level from 21 days pre-partum through 28 days post-partum. (6)Upper level for optimum udder health. (7)Upper level for cattle on high concentrate rations. (8) From 2 weeks before parturition until peak lactation. (9)For optimum hoof health and optimum meat marbling. (10)For optimum hoof health and milk yield. (11) For 2 weeks after colostral period. (12)6-8 weeks before first insemination/mating when intake of green forage is low. (13) Lower level 8 weeks before first calving; upper level 4 weeks before first calving when intake of green forage is low. (14)Lower level during entire dry period (far-off and close-up);upper level 3-4 weeks before calving (close-up only). (15)500-800 mg from 3-4 weeks before calving and 300-500 mg 4-6 week after calving. (16) Dry and fresh: beginning dry period until pregnancy is confirmed.FISH & SHRIMP(1)Category/Phase Vit. A Vit. D3 Vit. E Vit. K3 Vit. B1 Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12 Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C(3) Choline Astaxanthin(Menadione) thenic acid (Carophyll Pink)I.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mgSalmon/trout(2) 3000-6000 2000-2500 200-400(4) 8 - 12 10 - 20 20 - 30 15 - 25 0.03 - 0.05 150-200 40 - 60 6 - 10 0.8 - 1 150-250(6) 500-1000 50 - 100(7) Warm-water fish(2) 8000-11000 1500-2000 100-300 5 - 10 10 - 20 15 - 20 15 - 25 0.02 - 0.05 80-120 40 - 50 4 - 7 0.5 - 1 150-250 600-1000Carp/tilapia/cat-fishEels(2) 8000-12000 1500-2000 150-300 3 - 6 15 - 25 20 - 30 10 - 15 0.1 - 0.2 80-120 50 - 60 4 - 6 0.3 - 0.5 150-300 800-1200Seabream/seabass(2) 8000-12000 1700-2200 150-300 8 - 12 20 - 30 20 - 30 20 - 25 0.1 - 0.2 100-140 50 - 100 4 - 6 0.8 - 1 150-250 600-1000Shrimp(3) 12000-15000 2000-3500 150-300 40 - 60 50 - 100 40 - 80 50 - 120 0.02 - 0.05 100-250 100 - 180 10 - 20 1 - 2 250-500 400-600 15 - 50(1)Added per kg air-dry feed(2)Amount to be increased by 30% for fry and broodstock(3)At low stock density (< 10pl/m2) the lower levels are recommended(4) Additional 200 mg may be required to optimise flesh quality dependent on dietary fat levels(5)Use ROVIMIX®STAY-C®(ascorbyl-monophosphate) for reducing losses during processing(6)During winter feeding for wound healing and immune function: total 1000 mg/kg feed(7)For flesh pigmentationHORSES & OTHERS(1)Added per animal per day, based on average weight of 250 kg. (2)Added per animal per day,based on average weight of 550 kg. (3) Added per kg air-dry feed. (4) Dietary fat higher than 3%:additional 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat. (5) When feeding raw fish: additional 50 mg/kg feed.(6) For fur production rabbits: 0.6 mg/kg feed. (7)Recommended in stress condition and to enhancereproductive performance in breeders.(8)Use ROVIMIX ®STAY-C ®(ascorbyl-monophosphate) forreducing losses during processing. (9) From 4 weeks before until 10 weeks after parturition.Category/Phase Vit. A Vit. D 3 Vit. E Vit. K 3 Vit. B 1 Vit. B 2 Vit. B 6 Vit. B 12 Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin Vit. C (7) (8) Choline ß-Carotene (Menadione) thenic acid I.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg Foals. 1st year (1) 25000-30000 4500-5500 250-500 8 - 12 20 - 25 20 - 30 15 - 20 0.15-0.3 25 - 50 20 - 30 15 - 20 2 - 3 500-750 300-400 Leisure horses (2) 35000-45000 3500-4500 500-1000 6 - 12 40 - 55 30 - 40 25 - 35 0.35-0.65 55 - 85 45 - 65 25 - 35 15 - 20 600-900 Race horses (2) 65000-85000 6500-8500 1000-2000 11 - 22 70 - 110 70 - 85 40 - 55 0.55-0.85 110 - 200 50 - 80 45 - 65 15 - 20 1000-2000 1000-1400 Mares & stallions (2) 65000-85000 6500-8500 1000-2000 11 - 22 70 - 110 70 - 85 40 - 55 0.55-0.85 110 - 200 50 - 80 45 - 65 15 - 20 1000-2000 1000-1400 400-800(9)Rabbits (3) 8000-12000 800-1200 40-60 1 - 2 1 - 2 3 - 6 2 - 3 0.01-0.02 40 - 60 10 - 15 0.2 - 0.5 0.1 - 0.2(6) 150-250 600-800 10-20Mink & foxes (3) 10000-15000 1500-2000 100-200(4) 1 - 2 20 - 50(5) 10 - 20 10 - 20 0.03-0.06 20 - 40 8 - 20 0.6 - 1 0.3 - 0.6 100-200COMPANION ANIMALSCategory/Phase Vit. A Vit. D3 Vit. E(2)Vit. K3 Vit. B1(4) Vit. B2 Vit. B6 Vit. B12(5) Niacin D-Panto Folic acid Biotin(6) Vit. C(7) Cholineß-Carotene(8)(Menadione) thenic acidI.U. I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mg mgDogs 15000-22000 780-1300 100-250 1 - 2 4 - 8 13 - 22 6 - 11 0.03-0.05 50-170 30 - 60 0.6 - 2 0.25-0.8 100-200 1300-2700 30 - 50 Cats 15000-40000(1) 780-1300 150-300 1 - 2(3) 5 - 10 22 - 27 11 - 14 0.03-0.1 50-170 30 - 60 0.6 - 2 0.25-0.8 100-200 1300-2700 30 - 50 Recommendations are expressed per kg air-dry food. The values are based on the diets containing 4000 kcal ME/kg dry matter. Diets that deviate in energy content >12.5% or have feeding recommendations that restrict energy intake should have the supplemental vitamin levels adjusted accordingly.(1)Vitamin A: preformed vitamin A is vital in diets for cats. (2)Vitamin E: supplemental levels should at least be5 mg/kg of dry food for each 1% of PUFA in the diet. Higher levels above are recommended to support thetotal antioxidant capacity of the dog and cat. (3)Vitamin K: supplementation is particularly important incanned catfoods that contains >25% fish when fed for long periods. (4) Vitamin B1: levels of up to 18 mg/kgdry food for dogs and 35 mg/kg for cats are reported to help improve meal acceptance and stimulateappetite. (5) Vitamin B12: increased supplemental levels up to 0.8 mg/kg dry food help in the support of liverfunction. Supplementation might need to be increased in vegetarian diets as plants are a poor source of thisvitamin. (6) Biotin: Higher levels, up to 2 mg/day, are recommended in high fat diets and also as an aid in theimprovement of coat and skin condition for cats and dogs and to help hepatic glucose excretion and thusfasting blood glucose levels in dogs with diabetes. (7)Use ROVIMIX®STAY-C®(ascorbyl-monophosphate)for reducing losses during processing and supporting the total antioxidant capacity of the animal.(8) ß-Carotene: recommended for supporting the total antioxidant capacity of the dog or cat and as animmune system modulator and for supporting reproductive physiology.A BOUT DSMNutritional ingredient productionReliability through backward integrationDSM operates nine bulk manufacturing and formulation sites across Europe, the United States and China. These sites produce the majority of nutritional ingredients sold as straight products or in premixes and concentrates.Quality is at the heart of all our operations, and we work to a global quality standard, backed by our unique backward integration concept which gives unrivalled control over our supply chain. DSM has a dedicated logistics network based on three main distribution centres in Venlo (NL), Belvidere (USA) and Singapore.Premixes and blendingProduct services where customers need themDSM has a comprehensive global network of premix plants with over 40 plants dedicated to the production of feed premixes and another six plants for human food premixes.This network helps ensure high levels of customer service and delivery, backed by the highest levels of traceability, quality and food safety. Being close to our markets allows us to respond quickly to changing market demands.With over 75 years’ experience, DSM is the world’s leading supplier of fat-soluble and water- soluble vitamins, carotenoids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes, eubiotics and nutraceuticals to the feed, food, pharmaceutical and personal care industries.Guidelines for Optimum Vitamin NutritionDSM vitamin supplementation guidelines are designed to provide Optimum Vitamin Nutrition under typical industry p ractices.Optimum Vitamin Nutrition provides all vitamins in the diet at levels that permit optimum health and p roductivity of domestic animals. The supplementation levels required to attain Optimum Vitamin Nutrition g enerally exceed the levels needed to prevent clinical deficiency signs. Optimum intake compensates for the many f actors which can influence the animals requirements and the feedlevels thus, ensuring that vitaminf ortification does not limit performance.These guidelines are ranges and based onextensive university and industryresearch, published requirements andp ractical experience. They accommodatemost factors that influence the vitaminrequirements of animals, how e ver extremefeed processing conditions may necessitateoverages of sensitive vitamins.The listed vitamin levels are only guidelinesand, in all cases, national feed legislationmust be followed.All figures are expressed in terms ofvitamin activity. In general, amountsgiven are per kg air-dry feed, except forruminants and horses.Optimum Vitamin Nutrition conceptAverage animal responseFactors influencing vitamin needs of animals under commercial production conditions:•Direct factors - Stressors on animal: DiseaseConfinementRestricted feedingAntagonistsAir qualityTemperature•Indirect factors -Variations of levels in feedstuffs: BioavailabilityStabilityQuality of feedstuffs Legends'Total vitamin intake from all sources in diet'describes the total quantity of vitamins from alldietary sources, i.e. natural content of thefeedstuffs plus supplementation.'Average animal response' refers to anyaverage productivity or health response ofanimals to vitamin intake, i.e. growth rate, feedefficiency, reproductive performance, welfare,health or immunity.'Deficient'or 'marginal' vitamin intake meansa level of supplementation below therequirements published by NRC, ARC and otherofficially published vitamin recommendations.Such vitamin supply puts animals at risk ofdeveloping clinical deficiencies and disordersresulting from inadequate vitamin intake.'Sub-optimum'intake relates to supplementationlevels, which typically meet or slightly exceedthe NRC, ARC and other officially publishedvitamin recommendations. These levels shouldprevent sub-clinical deficiency signs undergood conditions, but are by no means adequateto permit optimum health and p roductivity.However, with stress and diseases, sub-clinicaldeficiency might occur.'Optimum'intake offsets negative factorsinfluencing animal health and performance,thus allowing to take advantage of theperformance potential of modern animal breeds.'Special applications' levels of vitaminsupplementation are safe and focused inimproving certain attributes e.g. meat qualityand immunity.Deficient Sub-optimumOptimumSpecialapplicationsTotal vitamin intake from all sources in dietConversion factorsAmount of vitamin activity Equivalent amount of vitamin salt and isomer1 IU Vitamin A 0.344 µg Vitamin A acetate1 IU Vitamin D3 0.025 µg Vitamin D31 g Vitamin E 1.0 g DL--Tocopheryl acetate1 g Vitamin K3(Menadione) 2.0 g Menadione sodium bisulfite = MSB2.3 g Menadione nicotin-amide bisulfite=MNB(K3Stab) 1 g Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 1.088 g Thiamine mononitrate1.12 g Thiamine hydrochloride1 g Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 1.215 g Pyridoxine hydrochloride1 g D-Pantothenic acid 1.087 g Calcium D-pantothenate2.174 g Calcium DL-pantothenate1 g Biotin 1.0 g D-Biotin1 g Vitamin C 1.0 g L-Ascorbic acid1 g Choline 1.15 g Choline chloride Vitamin D Vitamin B6 Vitamin EStandard DSM vitamins for animal nutritionActive substance Product name Description Use*Vitamin A ROVIMIX®A1000 Powder of stabilized vitamin A in an encapsulated D beadlet with crosslinked matrixROVIMIX®A500WS Spray-dried powder of stabilized vitamin A dispersed in a matrix D,WVitamins A/D3 ROVIMIX®AD31000/200 Powder of stabilized vitamin A and D3in an encapsulated D beadlet with crosslinked matrixVitamin D3 ROVIMIX®D3500 Spray-dried powder of stabilized vitamin D3dispersed in a matrix D,W25-OH-D3(Calcifediol) ROVIMIX®Hy•D®1.25% Spray-dried powder of stabilized calcifediol dispersed in a matrix D,WVitamin E ROVIMIX®E-50Adsorbate Free-flowing powder of stabilized vitamin E adsorbed D on silicic acidROVIMIX®E50 SD Spray-dried powder of stabilized vitamin E dispersed D,W in a matrixVitamin K3Menadione Sodium Bisulfite FG Fine crystalline powder D,WK3Stab FG Fine crystalline powder of menadione nicotinamide bisulfite DVitamin B1 ROVIMIX®B1 Fine granular powder of thiamine mononitrate DThiamine Hydrochloride Fine crystalline powder of thiamine hydrochloride WVitamin B2 ROVIMIX®B280-SD Spray-dried powder of vitamin B2dispersed in a matrix DRiboflavin 5’-Phosphate Sodium Fine crystalline powder WVitamin B6 ROVIMIX®B6 Fine granular powder of pyridoxine hydrochloride D,WVitamin B12 VitaminB121% FG Crystalline powder dilution DVitaminB12Crystalline Fine crystalline powder WNiacin ROVIMIX®Niacin Fine granular powder of nicotinic acid DNicotinamide Fine crystalline powder WPantothenates ROVIMIX®Calpan Spray-dried powder of calcium D-pantothenate D,W dispersed in a matrixFolic acid ROVIMIX®Folic80SD Spray-dried powder of folic acid in a matrix D Folic acid Fine crystalline powder W Biotin ROVIMIX®Biotin Spray-dried powder of D-biotin dispersed in a matrix D,W Vitamin C ROVIMIX®STAY-C®35 Spray-dried powder of stabilized (phosphorylated) vitamin C D ROVIMIX®C-EC Powder of ethylcellulose-coated vitamin C DAscorbic acid Fine crystalline powder of L-ascorbic acid W ß-Carotene ROVIMIX®ß-Carotene 10% Powder of stabilized ß-carotene dispersed in an D encapsulated beadletROVIMIX®ß-Carotene 10% P Powder of stabilized ß-carotene dispersed in an D encapsulated cross-linked beadlet* D:For premixes, supplements and complete dry feeds.W: For water dispersible applications.For more information about further productsand product forms please ask your localDSM representative.Although DSM has used diligent care to ensure that the information provided herein is accurate and up to date, DSM makes no r epresentation or warranty of the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the information. The information provided herein is for i nformational purposes and is intended for business to business use only. This publication does not constitute or provide scientific or medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and is d istributed without warranty of any kind, either expressly or implied. In no event shall DSM be liable for any damages arising from the reader's reliance upon, or use of, these materials. The reader shall be solely responsible for any interpretation or use of the material contained herein. The content of this document is subject to change without further notice. Please contact your local DSM representative for more details. All trademarks listed in this brochure are either registered trademarks or trademarks of DSM in The Netherlands and/or other countries.© DSM Nutritional Products Ltd 2011A 0047 D e s i g n e d b y M o n o d e s i g n U K • w w w .m o n o d e s i g n .c o .u k • 2011Freeport, USALalden, SwitzerlandXinghuo, ChinaSisseln, SwitzerlandBulk manufacturing and formulation sitesPremix plantsGrenzach, GermanyBelvidere, USADalry, UKVillage-Neuf, FranceNutritional ingredient productionReliable through backward integrationRegional HeadquartersDSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific Pte Ltd ¥: +65 66 326 500u : marketing.dnpap@ DSM (China) Limited ¥: +86 2161 41 8188u : china.vitamins@DSM Nutritional Products Europe Ltd ¥: +41 61 815 7777u : marketing.dnpe@ DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil Ltda ¥: +55 11 3760 6300u : america-latina.dnp@ DSM Nutritional Products, LLC.¥: +1 800 451 8325u : webshop.dnpna@Naperville, USA。
