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5) The will here Theteacher teachersaid, said “I that hecome would go there tomorrow.” the next day.”
代词等一般也应作相应的变化,变化方法如下表： 在直接引语中 指示代词 this / these 在间接引语中 that / those
四） To report imperative sentences(祈使句), we use the structure: reporting verb + obj. + (not) to-infinitive
直接引语是祈使句,则间接引语变为动词不定式. 即: ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth. eg: 1）The teacher said to the boy, “Open the window.” The teacher told the boy to open the window.
一. 时态问题
一、 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一
般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原 来时态。 例如：
直接引语
1）He says, “I am very busy today.” 2）He will say, “ I have watered the flowers.”
间接引语
1）He says that he is
2) The salesman said to me, “Read what some of our satisfied customers say.” → The salesman asked me to read what some of their satisfied customers said.
Beijing this afternoon.”
3) He said that he was
leaving for Beijing that afternoon.
4) “I have received the letter,”4) Tom said to me that he Tom said to me. had received the letter.
特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when,why,who,how 等疑问词引导的宾语从句。Eg:
直接引语 间接引语
1）George said, “When will you get back from London, John?”
1）George asked John when he would get back from London.
very busy today.
2）He will say that he has watered the flowers.
Examples:
直接引语 间接引语
1)She said, “China has been using PSAs to educate people.” 2) He said, “I am doing my homework at 9 o’clock yesterday.
直接引语 间接引语
1.She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.”
She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes.
2.“PSAs “tell, are often The writer explained Besides say”, the following words are also used to report statements: placed for free,” that PSAs are often advise agree explain insist promise the writer said. placed for free. warn remind suggest
1) She said that China had been using PSAs to educate people. 2) He said that he was doing homework at 9 o’clock the day before.
Examples:
直接引语 间接引语
3)He said,”I’m leaving for
表地点的词 动词
come
go
Lecture Ⅱ
Change direct speech into indirect speech P10/
How to report statements , questions and imperative?
一） To report statements, We use object clauses introduced by “that” 陈述句(statements)变为以 that 引导的 宾语从句(陈述句序),例如：
2)“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?”Bill asked. → Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.
“Don’t worry, Mike,” Jen said. → Jen asked Mike not to worry.
Change the following sentence into reported speech.
Paul said, “I visited China last year. ” Paul said he had visited China the year before.
时态，人称，时间副词
二) To report yes / no-questions, We use object clauses introduced by whether / if
一般疑问句变成 if (whether是否) 引导的宾语从句。 Eg: 直接引语 1）He said, “ Can you swim, John?” 2）The teacher asked the class “ Have you all understood me?” 间接引语 1）He asked John if/whether he could swim. 2）The teacher asked the class if/whether they had all understood her.
Module 4 Unit 1 ADVERTISEMENT Grammar and usage direct speech and reported speech
• Teaching aim: 1. Help students learn the definition and function of direct speech and reported speech, 2.Help students learn how to change direct speech into reported speech in different tenses and sentence structure.
Direct and Reported(Indirect) speech
直接引语和间接引语
Lead in:
T: What did you eat this morning? direct speech S1: ‘I ate ….’ T：What did S1 say, S2? reported speech S2: S1 said he/she had eaten…. We use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will usually appear in quotation marks.
表示时间 的词
now / today then / that day this week (month) that week (month) yesterday the day before last year the year before the previous year etc three days ago three days before tomorrow the next day next week (month) the next week (month) here there
2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话 时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变
Eg:1) The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game. 2) He said, “I was born in 1990.” He said that he was born in 1990.
二.代词等的变化
1) He said that “These those books books are were mine.” his.
2)My Myfather fatherreminded remindedme me, that “It is it was twelve twelve o’clock o’clock now. then. 3) Mary Mary said said,that “I finished she hadthe finished book last the book year/yesterday/three the year before/the day daysbefore/three ago.” days before. 4) He said said,that “I put he the hadbook put the here.” book there.”
