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BOOK 1 - Unit 5 - Language Focus - Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1. A [monthly] statement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs a recipient about the status of his or her account. It is generally mailed to the recipient on or near the same day each month.2. Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas party which was a good opportunity for them to gather and renew [acquaintances].3. My parents' marriage was a [classic] of its time —those years of the so-called cultural revolution, with no wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.4. Having failed in the examination, Owen didn't dare [look] his father [in the eye].5. Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles are [manufactured] here, though most of the components are imported.6. The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock [options].7. San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture, [finance], and industry in the United States.8. Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started looking around for a [replacement] weeks before.9. Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searching high and low to find out whether his parents had [survived] the calamity (灾难).10. I was listening for Grace's voice, but it wasn't easy to [pick] it [out] among all the others.11. The survey reveals that an increasing number of young people claim they enjoy [married] life.12. Someone [grabbed at] the letter I was reading. Looking up, I was delightfully surprised to find that it was my former classmate.2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.1. An eight-month-old baby girl was the sole survivor of a car crash that killed both her parents. (survive)Only an eight-month-old baby girl[survived a car crash that killed both her parents].2. Sarah read my poem out to the whole class ─I almost died of embarrassment. (embarrass)I was[almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class].3. The seriously injured pupils will be under the care of doctors and nurses of the Children's Hospital. (care for)Doctors and nurses[of the Children's Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils].4. Several people have phoned the personnel department to inquire about the position of Chief Financial Officer. (inquiry)The personnel department has received[several phone calls making inquiries about the position of Chief Financial Officer].5. We can help you find a solution to all your financial problems if you join our club. (straighten out)We can help you[straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club].plete the following, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.1. On further [inquiry], we learned that the earthquake caused heavy casualties (伤亡) and material losses to the inhabitants. Many old people [died of hunger] and thirst after they were trapped for nearly a week. Fortunately most younger [people survived]. (die of, survive, inquiry)2. [Instantly] the news spread among employees of the firm that David had decided to [give up his] current position and [retire]. Thereupon everyone became curious about who would [replace him] as chief [executive] officer. (retire, executive, replace, instantly, give up)3. Brown used to live on his parents. However after [his beloved] father died he had to support himself economically. He did a lot of [odd jobs], including shining shoes, washing dishes, [and all that]. (and all that, beloved, odd)Word FormationA suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to form a new one. Unlike prefixes, a suffix frequently alters the part of speech of the word. For example, the verb replace, by the addition of the suffix -ment, is changed into a noun replacement.Complete the following sentences by adding a suffix to the given base in brackets.1. He looked down at the floor in an attempt to hide his [embarrassment]. (embarrass)2. Rescue workers continued to search for [survivors], nearly 72 hours after the collapse of the World Trade Center. (survive)3. A tiny old lady was among a group looking at an art exhibition in a [newly] opened gallery. (new)4. The reality is that we all have [marketable] skills such as writing, consulting, or designing and selling things. (market)5. Many people are now having trouble making their [monthly] house payments (month)6. A spelling bee is a [competition] in which people try to correctly spell words. (compete)7. The total energy given off by the devastating earthquake was many times more than any [conceivable] chemical reaction could produce. (conceive)8. It shocked me to learn that the young man was released simply because he came from a [respectable] middle-class family. (respect)UsageRewrite the parts in italics with "the + adj.".1. Some Democrats believed they lost the election because poor people didn't turn out to vote. [the poor]2. Those who had died were completely innocent victims of the bomb. [The deceased / The dead]3. The governor has guaranteed health care for pregnant women, preschool children, and disabled people. [the disabled]4. Do you know why French people are skinnier than Americans? It is because French people stop when they're full, Americans stop when the plate is empty (or the TV show ends). [the French]5. The person who was accused denied stealing his student's ideas and publishing them. [The accused]6. In our city living together without getting married is not common among young people. [the young]7. People who are not employed will receive a monthly payment from the local government. [The unemployed]8. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that crime is due to unemployment.[the latter ... the formerCloze1. Complete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.I hear poor Phil has [died of] (1) a heart attack. Died [instantly] (2), I believe. Mind you, if you were looking for a heart attack victim, he was a [classic] (3) case. You need only [askaround] (4) to hear everyone say that he worked all hours, never taking a break. That sort of person all too often risks not [surviving] (5) long enough to [retire] (6) on a pension. No doubt the chief [executive] (7) is already looking around for Phil's [replacement] (8). I know you can't afford to be sentimental in business, not with [stock] (9) holders breathing down your neck all the time. Still, he must have found it difficult to look Phil's widow [in the eye] (10) at the funeral after allowing him to overwork like that.2. Read the following passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.One summer evening, shortly after I arrived at my new assignment, my boss walked by my house and saw my wife and children sitting on our front porch. He asked her where I was. My wife told him I was still at the office. When she told this to me, in the corner of my heart I secretly hoped he was [impressed] (1) by my work ethic (职业道德).The next morning, my boss called me. I expected a verbal pat on the back for my [diligence] (2) and hard work. [Instead] (3), he asked me what I was doing so late at the office and inquired if I had been doing that every night since taking over. I told him I had indeed been working late every night.[Contrary](4) to what I expected, he told me anyone could be a workaholic and achieve great things [professionally] (5). Yet he had hired me to [perform] (6) and excel (干得出色) in not one but two areas: my professional and personal life.This incident caused me to do a lot of introspection (沉思). I examined my professional, family and[personal] (7) life and found that they weren't in [balance] (8). So I made a [commitment] (9) to myself to work on achieving a better balance in these three areas. This is what my little voyage of self-discovery [revealed] (10) to me.3. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.1. 我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工（carpenter）——你最好四处打听打听。
Unit6 Grant and Lee格兰特和李1865年4月9日，当尤利西兹·S·格兰特和罗伯特·E·李在弗吉尼亚州阿珀马特科斯县城一所不太大的房子的客厅里会面，商讨李所率的北弗吉尼亚军队投降条件时，美国人生活中一个伟大的篇章结束了，一个崭新的重要篇章开始了。
此二人是在实质上终止内战。
诚然，其他军队尚未投降，已失去主要支柱的逃亡的邦联政府仍将绝望地徒然挣扎数日，想法寻觅生机。
其实，在格兰特和李签署文件之时，一切都已结束。
他们拟定投降条件时用的那间小客厅成了见证美国史上强烈的戏剧性对照的场所。
这两位截然不同的将军都是强有力的人物，他们代表着两股相互冲突的力量的潮流，那两股潮流通过他们最终发生碰撞。
罗伯特·E·李所仰仗的信念是，古老的贵族观念或许能以某种方式继续存在下去，并左右美国人的生活。
李是弗吉尼亚州沿海低地人氏，他的生活背景是家庭、文化、传统……，是被移植到这个正在形成自身的传说与神话的新世界的骑士时代。
他体现了从骑士和英格兰乡绅时代流传下来的一种生活方式。
美国是个一切从头开始的国度，信奉的只不过是一种颇为模糊的信念，即人人拥有平等的权利，在世间应有平等的机会，如此而已。
在这样一个国度里，李代表着这样一种情感，即社会结构中保留一种明显的不平等多少有利于人类社会。
理应存在一个拥有土地的有闲阶级；反过来，社会本身应以土地为本，视其为财富与势力的主要来源。
（根据这一理想）这样一个社会会造就一个对社会有着强烈责任感的阶级，他们不是为自己获利活着，而是为了承担自己的特权所赋予的重大责任活着。
国家从他们中觅得领导人员；国家可依靠他们产生更加高尚的价值观念——思想方面的，行为方面的，个人风度方面的—以求国兴德盛。
李体现了这一贵族理想的最高尚的部分。
拥有土地的贵族通过他获得存在的理由。
四年间，南方各州拼死战斗，以捍卫李所代表的理想。
到后来，南部邦联似乎是为李而战；李本人似乎就是南部邦联……似乎是南部邦联所代表的生活方式能提供的菁华。
咱们吃素吧!如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。
变化速度之快令人惊叹。
素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。
尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。
推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。
一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。
美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。
”去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。
”据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。
肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。
牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。
肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。
据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。
吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。
既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。
根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。
这并不奇怪。
即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。
健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。
以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。
想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。
全大学英语综合教程5课文翻译1Unit1One Writer's XXX作家起步时1.我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。
母亲念书给我听。
上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。
冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，XXX自XXX发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。
想必我是不让她有一刻清静。
有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。
我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。
她念起故事来富有表情。
比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。
2当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。
不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。
还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。
3我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。
然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。
他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。
5多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的XXX。
书橱里有一整套XXX文集和一套不全的XXX作品集，这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。
6读摆在我面前的书，读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书，是我父亲小时候的。
书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。
我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。
那是XXX.戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书，可该书的扉页上并没有提及他；上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》，XXX.XXX著。
Unit 5 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their head — and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived. (Para. 2)2.What is a perfect Type A？3.(People exhibiting Type A behaviour tend to be impatient and highly time-conscious. Often as high-achieving workaholics, they feel insecure about their social status and are extremely competitive and aggressive.)4.He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot. (Para. 3)5.What is the implied meaning of the sentence？6.(He was one of the six vice-presidents of a large corporation and one of the three promising candidates who might succeed to the position of the president.)7.He worked like the Important People. (Para. 4)8.What can you infer from the sentence？9.(He voluntarily worked overtime because all the executives in the company considered themselves too important a group to be allowed to ease up.)10.`11.He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work. (Para. 4)12.For what purpose did he play golf monthly？13.(The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.)14.He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering. (Para. 7)15.Translate this sentence into Chinese.16.(他的遗孀海伦，四十八岁，一个好女人。
Unit 11 Beauty对希腊人来说，美是一种品德，是一种出色的表现。
拥有这种美的人在如今被我们当然又嫉妒的认为是一个完整的人。
即使在希腊真的存在那种把一个人分成“内在”和“外在“，他们依然期望内在美能够有与之匹配的其他方面的美。
那些出身很好的雅典年轻聚围在苏格拉底身旁，他们发现一个矛盾的事情，英雄们总是那么的智慧，勇敢，那么的令人尊敬又充满魅力，同时长相却那么丑陋。
苏格拉底给这些无知的长相好看的门徒们上的其中最重要的一课就是，用自己的丑陋告诉他们生活中充满了矛盾。
也许他们不接受苏格拉底的教导，但我们不会。
几千年后的今天，我们更加小心翼翼的对待美的魅力。
我们不仅轻易的把“内在（品质，智慧）“于“外在（外貌）”分开来，而且我们还会非常惊讶于一个人既漂亮又充满智慧，有才干又善良。
主要是受到基督教的影响，美失去了在传统理想上的人类品德的中心地位。
为了仅仅把其限制为道德方面的品德，基督教使美变为一种疏离的，任意的，肤浅的诱惑。
使得美渐渐失去了它的地位。
在近两个世纪中，美约定俗成的变为用于形容两性中其中一性：不管怎么公平对待，依旧是第二位。
把美与女性联系起来，使得其总是饱受道德的攻击。
在英语里我们说一个美丽的女人，但是会说一个英俊的男人。
英俊是美丽的阳性对应，也是一种轻视，这种只把美丽与女性绑在一起的恭维实际上包含了侮辱贬低的弦外之音。
在法语和意大利语中可以形容一个男人美丽，说明一些不同于的新教的基督教国家的天主教国家仍保留着对美丽的不一样赞美的痕迹。
但即使存在，也只是程度上的，本质并没变化。
在所有现代国家中，无论是基督教还是后基督教，女性都是美丽的性别，即伤害了美丽又伤害了女性。
希望被称为美丽被认为是女性品质和所关心的中心（不同于男性，强壮，高效，强竞争力被认为是中心）。
是个女性都能看出来，女性被引导向美丽的过程中实际上助长了自恋主义，不独立和不成熟。
每个人（不管男人女人）都明白这些。
“每一个人“，也就是整个社会，把女性化等同于她的长相（不同于男性，是关心于他是怎样的，做的怎么样，然后才会关心长得怎么样）。
