环境专业英语翻译(中英对照)

专业英语absorption 吸收absolute lethal dose,LD100 绝对致死量absolute humidity 绝对湿度acid deposition 酸沉降acid rain 酸雨activated sludge process 活性污泥法active transport 主动运输acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验acceptable daily intake,ADI 每天容许摄入量accumulation 蓄积作用activated carbon 活性碳adenine 腺嘌呤additional joint action 相加作用administer 给药、染毒aerobic digestion 有氧消化aerosol 气溶胶afforestation 绿化allergic reaction 变态反应air 空气air analysis 空气分析air-borne pollutant 空气传播污染物air cleaner 空气净化器air contaminant 空气污染物air current 气流airflow rate 气流速度air humidity 气湿air ionization 空气离子化air monitoritoring 大气监测air pollution 大气污染airpollutant 大气污染物air pollution index 大气污染指数air pollution surveillance system 大气污染监测系统air pollution legislation 大气污染法规air pressure 气压air purification 大气自净作用air quality standard 大气质量标准air sampler 空气采样器air sanitation 空气卫生air sterilization 空气消毒air temperature 气温air temperature inversion 逆温air velocity 空气流速alkalinity 碱度alum 明矾aluminium sulfate 硫酸铝Ames test Ames试验ammonia-chlorine process 氯胺消毒法ammonia-nirtiter-nitrates 三氮anaerobic digestion 无氧消化anemogram 风速计anion synthetic detergent 阴离子合成洗涤剂antagonism 拮抗试验antergy 对抗作用argyria 银质沉着病artificial illumination 人工照明arsenic 砷artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian fountain 自流泉artesian well 自流井atmosphere compositions 大气组成automobile exhaust 汽车尾气available chlorine 有效氯back-line study 本底调查bacteriological examination of water 水质细菌学检验base-pair substitution 碱基置换benzo(a)pyrene 苯并（a）芘benzene hexachloride,BHC 六六六binign tumor 良性肿瘤bioactivation 生物活化bioassay 生物鉴定biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biodetoxication 生物解毒/生物灭活作用biogeochemical disease 生物地球化学性地方病biological filter 生物滤池biological half-life 生物半减期biological treatment 生物处理biomembrane 粘液生物膜biosphere 生物圈biotoxin 生物毒素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运black-foot disease 黑脚病blank test 空白试验bleaching powder 漂白粉blood/gas partition coefficient 血/气分配系数blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障blood placental barrier 血-胎盘屏障burning furnace 焚烧炉carcinoma 恶性肿瘤cadmium 镉calcium hypochlorite 漂白粉精cancer 癌carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon monoxide poisoning 一氧化碳中毒carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳carcinogenicity 致癌性carcinogenesis 致癌作用centralized water supply 集中式给水chemical carcinenesis 化学致癌作用chemical carcinogen 化学致癌物chemicalteratogen 化学致畸物chemical mutagen 化学诱变物chemical oxygen consumption 化学耗氧量chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量chlorination 氯化作用chlorinator 加氯器chlorine ammonia treatment 氯胺处理chlorine content 含氯量chlorine demand 需氯量chlorine dosage 加氯量chlorine poisoning 氯中毒chlorine residual 余氯chlorobenzene 氯苯chloroform 氯仿chlorophenothane,DDT 滴滴涕chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chronic abstricted respiratory disease 慢性阻塞性呼吸道疾病chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cilia 纤毛clarification 澄清、净化cloth filter 布滤器coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂coagulation aids 助凝剂cocarcinogen 促癌物coeffient of natural illumination 自然照度系数coliforms group 大肠菌群collection water supply system 集中式供水系统colorimeter 比色计compost 堆肥comprehensive utilization 综合利用conjugation reaction 结合反应consumer 消费者conversion 转化cretinism 克汀病cyanide 氰化物cytosine 胞嘧啶cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数damp control 防潮daylighting 自然采光decomposer 分解者defluoridation 除氟degradation reaction 降解反应delayed toxic effect 迟发性毒作用dental caries 龋齿dental fluorosis 氟骨症deport 输送desalination 淡化（除盐）desertification 沙漠化detoxication 解毒作用direct carcinogen 直接致癌物direct mutagen 直接致突变物distribution 分布disinfection 消毒dissolved oxygen 溶解氧distllation 蒸馏diversity factor 不均匀系数DNA repair 修复DNA synthesis 合成dominant lethal mutation test 显性致死突变试验dose-effect relationship 剂量效应关系dose-response relationship 剂量-反应关系dust 粉尘或尘ecosystem 生态系统ecological balance 生态平衡ecosphere 生态圈effective temperature 有效温度effective size 有效粒径electrodialysis 电渗析法embryotoxicity 胚胎毒性endemia 地方病endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿endemic fluorosis 地方性氟中毒energy flow 能量流动environmental deterioration 环境恶化environmental disruption 环境失调environmental ecology 环境生态学environmental health standard 环境卫生标准environmental health criteria 环境卫生基准environmental hygiene 环境卫生学environmental monitoring 环境监测environmental pollution 环境污染environmental program 环境规划environmental protection agency 环境保护局environmental quality standard 环境质量标准environmental quality evaluation 环境质量评价essential elements 必需元素eutrophication 富营养化facilitated diffusion 易化扩散falling dust 降尘fecal innocence treatment 粪便无害化处理ferric sulfate 硫酸铁ferric trichloride 三氯化铁ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁filtration 过滤fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟food chain 食物链fog 雾forward mutation 正向突变frameshift mutation 移码突变free residual chlorine 游离余氯fume 烟functional accumulation 功能蓄积gene mutation 基因突变genotoxic carcinogen 遗传毒性致癌物goitrogen 致甲状腺肿物质green house effects 温室效应green house gases 温室气体groundwater 地下水guanine 鸟嘌呤hazard 危害heating 采暖heat control 降温hexavalent chromium 六价铬high risk population 高危险人群hospital sewage treatment 医院污水处理humic substance /humus 腐殖质hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物hygienic standard for domestic drinking water 生活饮用水卫生标准idiosyncratic reaction 特异体质反应immediate toxic effect 速发毒性反应impervious bed 不透水层indirect carcinogen 间接致癌物indirect mutagen 间接致突变物infrared ray 红外线inhalable particulate,IP 可吸入颗粒物initiating stage 启动阶段interhalogens 卤间化合物iodine deficiency disorder,IDD 碘缺乏病ionosphere 电离层irreversible toxic effect 不可逆毒作用Itai-Itai disease 痛痛病Keshan disease 克山病Kashin-Beck disease 大骨节病landfill 填埋lead 铅Legionnaire’s disease 军团病lethal dose,LD 致死剂量lethal concentration,LC 致死浓度50% lethal dose,LD50 半数致死量lighting coefficient 采光系数local toxic effect 局部毒作用London smog 伦敦型烟雾long-term exposure 长期暴露long-term test 长期试验Los Angeles smog 洛杉矶烟雾manganess 锰marsh gas fermentation 沼气发酵mass-spectrometry 质谱分析法material accumulation 物质蓄积material cycle 物质循环maximal tolerance dose,LD0 最大耐受量maximum allowable concentration,MAC 最高容许浓度median lethal dose 半数致死剂量/浓度mercury 汞metabolic activation 代谢活化metabolic transformation 代谢转化metabolic saturation 代谢饱和metaboism 代谢metabolite 代谢产物metal compounds 金属化合物mesosphere 电离层methemoglobinemia 正铁血红蛋白血症micronucleus 微核minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimal lethal dose 最小致死量minamata disease 水俣病mixed function oxidase,MFO 混合功能氧化酶mono-oxygenase 单氧酶molecular pollutant 分子状污染物municipal refuse 城市垃圾mutagenesis 致突变作用mutant 突变体mutagen 致突变物（诱变物）mutagenicty 致突变性mutation 突变neurotoxicity 神经毒性nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物nitrate 硝酸盐noise protection 防噪声non-genotoxic carcinogen 非遗传毒性致癌物oligodynamic action 微动作用oncogene 癌基因oxidation 氧化oxidation pond 氧化塘ozone 臭氧ozone depletion 臭氧层耗竭ozone layer 臭氧层particulate pollutant 粒子状污染物particle matter,PM 颗粒物percolating water 渗滤水pervious bed 透水层persistent organic pollutants(pops) 持续有机污染物pesticide 杀虫剂phagocytosis 吞噬photochemical reaction 光化学反应photochemical smog 光化学烟雾piankton 浮游生物pinocytosis 吞饮pollutant standard index,PSI 污染物标准指数polyaluminium chloride 羟基/碱式氯化铝polyacrylamide,PAA 聚丙烯酰胺point mutation 点突变polychlorinated biphenyls,PCB 多氯联苯polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons,PAH 多环芳烃precarcinogen 前致癌物primary environment 原生环境primary pollutant 一次污染物primary treatment 物理处理/一级处理producer 生产者progressing stage 进展阶段progression 进展promoter 促进剂promoting stage 促进阶段promutagen 促诱变物proximate carcinogen 近致癌物pro-oncogene 原癌基因public nuisance 公害pulmonary macrophages 肺巨噬细胞purification 净化rapid filter 快滤池red tide 红潮refuse burner 垃圾焚烧炉relative humidity 相对湿度removal of hardness 软化/除硬removal of taste and odor 除嗅味reversible toxic effect 可逆毒作用risk assessment 危险度评估reverse osmosis 反渗透法reversional mutation 回复突变sand filtration 砂滤sanitary and anti-epidemic station 卫生防疫站sanitary protection of water source 水源卫生防护sanitary regulation 卫生法规sarcoma 肉瘤saturated humidity 饱和湿度secondary environment 次生环境secondary pollution 二次污染secondary pollutant 二次污染物secondary treatment 二级处理/生物处理sedimentation 沉淀selection of water source 水源选择selenium 硒separate water supply 分散式给水septic tank 化粪池sewage works 污水处理厂sewage irrigation 污水灌溉sick building syndrome,SBS 不良建筑物综合症silver 银simple diffusion 简单扩散skeletal fluorosis 氟骨症slow filter 慢滤池smog 烟雾self-purification 自净作用soil pollution 土壤污染somatic mutation 体细胞突变SOS chromotest SOS显色试验spectrophotometer 分光光度计septic tand 化粪池spontaneous mutation 自发突变storage depot 贮存库stratosphere 平流层stabilization pond 稳定塘subacute toxicity test 亚急性毒性试验subchronic toxicity test 亚慢性毒性试验sun radiation 太阳辐射susceptible population 敏感人群suspending particulate 飘尘sulphur dioxide 二氧化硫surface water 地面水synergistic joint action 协同作用systemic toxic effect 全身毒作用target organ 靶器官terate 畸胎teratology 畸胎学teratogenic effect 致畸作用teratogenicity 致畸性temperature inversion 气温temperature regulation 温度调节tertiary treatment 三级处理/深度处理total organic carbon,TOC 总有机碳total hardness 总硬度total dissolved solids 溶解性总固体total bacteria count 细菌总数tolerance 耐受性toxication 中毒toxicant 毒物toxicity 毒性transition 转换transversion 颠换troposphere 对流层toxico-dynamics 毒效学toxico-Kinetics 毒物代谢动力学tubidity 浑浊度tumor suppressorgene 抑癌基因unscheduled DNA synthesis,UDS 程序外DNA合成ultimate carcinogen 终致癌物ultraviolet ray 紫外线visible light 可视线volatile organic compounds,VOCs 挥发性有机物volatile phenolic compounds 挥发酚类waste disposal 垃圾处理waste recycling 废物回收利用waste residue 废渣waste scavenging 废物清除wind 气流。

二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层 Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气一水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation 大气降水Atmospheric precipitation 碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement 降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution 酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulatematter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution 烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity海平面上升Sea level rise岩石圈 lithosphere火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统terrestrialECOSYSTEMS土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems 植树造林Afforestation 针叶林Coniferous forests 森林砍伐Deforestation 森林保护Forest conservation 森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts再造林Reafforestation 植被恢复Revegetation 亚热带生态系统Sub-tropica l ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands 树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems 热带森林Tropical forests 热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems 林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems 南极地区Antarctic region 北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems 北极地区Arctic region ['ar kuk 寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems 草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems 永久冻土生态系统Permafrost土地恢复Land restoration 旱作Dry farming土地使用分类Land use classification 沙丘固定Sand dune fixation 沙石开采Sand extraction 沉积Sedimentation 土壤潜力Soil capabilities 土壤保持Soil conservation 土壤污染Soil contamination 土壤退化Soil degradation 土壤侵蚀Soil erosion 土壤改良Soilimprovement 土壤盐碱化Soilsalination 水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid landecosystems干旱土地Arid lands 沙漠化Desertification 抗旱Droughtcontrolecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems 温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems 山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems 高原生态系统Highland ecosystems 湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems 红树沼泽Mangrove swamps 水禽Water fowl水涝地Waterlogged lands 流域管理Watershed management 水边开发Waterside development 生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas 适应性强的物种Adaptable species 藻类Algae ,况M列生物多样性Biological diversity 生物栖地Biotopes基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plantspecies动物区系F auna植物区系Flora细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes 'enzaimz真菌Fungi原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts诱变剂Mutagens水的盐化Water salination饮用水处理Drinking watertreatment城市配水系统Municipal waterdistribution systems污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps可交易的许可证Tradeable permits 隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry 适用技术Appropriate technology 高炉Blastfurnaces化学工业Chemical industry 清洁技术Clean technologies 金属加工Metalfinishing 金属电镀Metal plating 金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry 采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction 原油开采Oil extraction 石油提炼Petroleum refining 印刷工业Printing industry 纸浆工业Pulp industry 采石Quarrying 橡胶加工Rubber processing 炼钢工业Steel industry 露天采矿Strip mining 焦油生产Tar production 焦油使用Tar沥青use 工业产品Industrial products 危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials 包装Packaging涂料Paints可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents 合成纺织纤维Synthet ic textile['tekstailfbres漆Varnishes飞机噪音Aircraft noise沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy煤Coal原油Crude oil矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol地热能Geothermal energy 碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energyresources无污染能源Non-polluting energysources核能Nuclear energy油类Oils泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derivedfuels太阳能Solar energy 海洋热能Thermalsea power潮汐能Tidal energy轴Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy 电力Electric power 发电厂Electric power plants 无机物质Inorganic substances 酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid 硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide 硫酸盐Sulphates 硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents 光化学效应Photochemical effects 有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds 酚Phenols植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemicalprocesses酸化Acidification需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes 生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification 富营氧化Eutrophication 电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢（作用），新陈代谢（作用）Metabolism固氮Nitrogen fixation 光合作用Photosynthesis物理一化学过程Physico-chemicalprocesses毒性Toxicity气溶胶，气雾剂Aerosols 农业废物Agricultural wastes 石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise 混合污染Composite pollution 二恶英Dioxins带哦个森死危险物质Hazardous substances 危险废物Hazardous wastes 重金属Heavymetals 医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents 工业排放物Industrial emissions 工业烟尘Industrial fumes 工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants 铅污染Lead contamination丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination 微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste 氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides 噪声污染Noise pollution 恶臭公害Odour nuisance 有机物污染Organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants有机溶剂Organic solvents 有机卤化物Organohalogencompounds 医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances 对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone 水泥工业Cement industry 海洋倾倒Oceandumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters污染治理设备Pollution abatementequipment污染控制技术Pollution controltechnology洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators 电池处理Batterydisposal 废物的化学处理Chemicaltreatment of waste回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills 污水处置Sewage disposal 污水处理系统Sewagetreatment systems 固体废物处置Solidwaste disposal 废物同化处置Wasteassimilationcapacities废物转化技术Waste conversiontechniques废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground废物回收Waste recovery 废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse镉污染Cadmium contamination 污染物分析Pollutant analysis 污染物分布Pollutant distribution 污染物浓度Pollutant levels 污染物监测Pollutant monitoring 污染物路径Pollutant pathways 污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmentalassessment环境统计Environmental statistics 色谱分析Chromatographicanalysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography 放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracertechniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation污染者付费原则Polluter-paysprinciple危险废物的出口Export of hazardouswastes贸易避垒Trade barriers越境污染Trans-frontier pollution遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner地理信息系统Geographicinformation systems纬度Latitude经度Longitude。

Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。

这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

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（环境管理）环境科学专业英语attenuation:衰减. [物] 衰减；变薄；稀释弱化衰减量minimization:最小化减到最小限度；估到最低额；轻视极小化installation:安装安装，装置；就职安装设施permeability: 渗透率，渗透性；透磁率，导磁系数；弥漫磁导率渗透率dispute: 争议，辩论；争吵vt. 辩论；怀疑；阻止；抗拒vi. 争论final storage quality:可最终储存量disposal:处置，处理；支配；清理；安排批地sanitary:卫生，公共厕所adj. 卫生的，清洁的卫生的，环境卫生的，demolition:拆除，毁坏，破坏，拆毁，拆卸hazardous waste landfill:有毒废弃物填埋landfill-gas migration:填埋气迁移behalf:代表seepage:渗流，[流] 渗流；渗漏；渗液渗出的量leachate: 渗滤液，沥出物；沥出液沥滤液渗漏污水residual: 残余，剩余；误差残渣adj. 剩余的；残留的dilution: 稀释，稀释，冲淡；稀释法；冲淡物稀释摊薄aquifer: 含水层，蓄水层；含水土层，畜水层intergranular: adj. 颗粒间的，晶粒间的间粒状的颗粒间的carbonate content:碳酸盐含量optimum:最佳效果；最适宜条件最佳adj. 最适宜的a leachate front:渗滤液前沿inhibit: vt. 抑制；禁止阻止degradation: n. 退化；降格，降级；堕落降解降级conjunction: n. 结合；[语] 连接词；同时发生（连词）合取restoration: n. 恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还修复复原parameter: n. 参数；系数；参量变数hazardous wasye landfills:有毒废气物填埋impervious：不会受到损伤的，不受影响的saturated 饱和的;渗透的liner 1. 班轮;班机 2. 画线的人;画线工具 3.眼线笔;眼线膏 4.【棒】平飞球 5衬板flux 1流出2. 涨潮3. 变迁4. 【物】通量5.【化】助熔剂overload vt.1.使超载,使负荷过多[(+with)] n.1.超载;超负荷[C] clay n. [U ]1. 粘土;泥土2.(上帝造人的)泥土;(人的)躯体,肉体leachate 1. 渗漏污水；沥滤液 2. 浸出液hydrogeological adj. 水文地质的strata 1. 地层 2. 复数Comparison of StrategiesMake an conclusion: At the end of this article, the author points that our currently and recently operated landfills ate designed to maintain the waste forever but never disposes it completely. So even if the bottom liner system and the cap are durable, the leachate will cause a big disaster to our environment and affect our humen's health. To avoid this condition occurring,the writer give us the new word "final storage quality facility"(最终储存特性设备)and tells us how to do in disposing waste process. Besides, he analyses the profits we will make if we take action.文摘填埋场设计和操作有两个主要的战略：(1) 稀释衰减法(2) 防漏储存法稀释衰减法策略的有效性主要依赖于其上控制和可靠的化学、物理和生物过程在浪费自己的运作,并在可预测的衰减过程中潜在的岩层。

U11、1．What is Envoronmental Science?环境科学是研究和评价环境影响的一门学科。

环境科学家们首先试图去认识人类在自然环境中各种活动的样态、影响和变化。

环境科学家们他们知道正在发生着什么，然后去寻找这种原因或多种原因。

他们通常也能够去探求这些答案。

2、Solutions to Environmental Problems鉴于环境科学对理解人类对自然环境影响的重要性，社会通常依靠环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术来解决环境问题。

环境政策和教育这两者与改变人们的习惯和行为相关。

环境政策甚至更能直接调整生活习惯。

空气净化法案，例如，制定某些因工业设备允许排放的某些种类气体的排放标准（允许水平）。

至于环境教育，它试图以更细微的方式改变人们的习惯。

比如说，教育大多数的消费者关于汽车引起的空气污染，可能会使一些人改变他们的行为，采用污染更少的交通方式，如步行、自行车或公交交通等。

最后，环境技术通过使用代替的工具、或减少环境影响的程序来用于解决环境问题。

例如，像大家都知道的触媒转化器，安装于排气系统，用于中和汽油燃烧室发动机排出的废气。

为解决特定的环境问题，社会通常借助于环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术三种形式或其组合来实现。

3、The Enviroment as a System为较好地认识自然环境，人们对环境的影响以及人们通过改变行为和使用技术来减少对于环境影响的方式，我们最好从“系统”的角度来思考自然或自然环境。

一个系统可以看做各要素相互作用、相互关联或相互依赖的组群，也可看成是各种要素的一个集合体。

把自然环境作为一个系统来考虑，它是由四部分构成，每部分都有自己的形式、体系安排、特征和动力学。

这五种亚系统包括：大气圈---覆盖在地球周围的气体或气体地球；岩石圈---由岩石和矿物构成的固体地球；水圈------地球的水或地球液体；生物圈---地球的生命，包括植物、动物、昆虫和除人类之外的所有有生命的东西。

（完整版）环境专业英语环境：environment 环境工程： environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing 水环境：watershed 水体：water body 流域：watershed水质：water quality 水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality index物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening 生物处理：biological treatment沉淀：sedimentation 化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment 蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution 扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping 好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment 二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment 高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater 生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater 电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater 浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness 水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent 活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank 调节池：adjusting tank 生物反应池：biological reactor 加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank 初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank 絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant 生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation 飘尘：floating dust可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles 能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant 二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides 硝酸：nitric acid盐酸：hydrochloric acid 硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal 吸收：absorption 吸附：adsorption 静电除尘：electric dust precipitation 重力除尘：gravitational settling 臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke 喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity EIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design 大气污染控制工程：air pollution control 水污染控制工程：water pollution control 固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management 污染源：pollution source 同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes 危险废物：hazardous wastes 化学污泥chemical sludge生物污泥：biological sludge 工业固废：industrialwastes 分选处理：separation treatment 矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing 农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume 污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge 污泥浓缩：sludge thickening 带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering 筛分：screening 沼气和沼气化：biogas堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting 生物转化作用：biotransformation热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration 热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization 资源化：resource减量化：pollution control 无害化：harmlessness 物质转化：material conversion固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution 处置：disposal 物质回收：materials recovery control 固体废物处理：processing and recovery 能量回收：energy recovery能量转化：energy conversionenvironmental science 环境科学environmental engineering 环境工程 waste reduction 废物减量化 air pollution control 大气污染控制 wastewater treatment 污水处理solid waste treatment and disposal 固体废物处理与处置soil erosion 水土流失 thermal pollution 热污染 biological communities 生物群落ecosystem 生态系统green science and technology 绿色科技和技术primary pollutant: 一次污染物 secondary pollutant: 二次污染物 carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳methane: 甲烷fossil fuel: 化石（矿物）燃料 power plant: 电厂hydroelectric power: 水力发电clean energy: 清洁能源renewable energy:可再生能源automobile exhaust (emission): 汽车尾气greenhouse effect (gas): 温室效应（气体）air pollution control engineering: 大气污染控制工程cyclone: 旋风除尘器pressure drop: 压力损失，压力降baghouse: 袋式除尘器operating temperature: 操作温度spray tower:喷淋塔 sanitarylandfill:卫生填埋municipal wastewater=sewage=domestic sewage= sanitary sewage: 市政污水，生活污水point source: 点源non-point source: 非点源（面源）pretreatment: 预处理primary treatment: 初（一）级处理secondary treatment: 二级处理tertiary or advanced treatment: 三级处理，深度处理 trickling filter: 滴滤池 activated sludge: 活性污泥 bar rack or screen: 格栅grit chamber: 沉砂池 equalization tank: 调节池 primary settling tank: 初沉池secondary settling tank: 二沉池sustainable development: 可持续发展 recycling economy: 循环经济the sources and sinks of pollutants: 污染物的源与汇 aeration tank: 曝气池aerator: 曝气池，曝气器sedimentation tank: 沉淀池disinfection: 消毒 eutrophication: 富营养化 oxidation ditch: 氧化沟aerobic decomposition 好氧分解 anoxic decomposition缺氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解hydraulic retention time: （水力）停留时间flue gas: 烟气 biodegradable: 可生物降解的 refractory: 难降解的（常用）nondegradable: 不可降解的 acoustical material: 声学材料 soil conditioner: 土壤改良剂 extreme temperature: 极端温度 environmental quality: 环境质量Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water 地表水环境质量标准Ambient Air Quality Standards 环境空气质量标准Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 声环境质量标准缩略词：EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment, 环境影响评价SS：Suspended Solid 悬浮物BOD：Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量 TOC: Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水处理厂SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactor 序批式反应池 RBC: Rotating Biological Contactor 生物转盘 SRT: Sludge Retention Time 污泥龄（污泥停留时间） EPA: Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ISO: International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 EMS: Environmental Management System 环境管理系统 RS: Remote Sensing 遥感GPS: Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GIS: Geographic Information System 地理信息系统TSP: Total Suspended Particulates 总悬浮颗粒物。

Text:Everybody’s Problem—Hazardous Waste每个人的问题——危险废物Every year ,billions of tons of solid wastes are discarded in the United Stastes. 美国每年丢去10亿吨的固体废物。

These wastes range in nature from common household trash to complex materials in industrial wastes ,sewage sludge ,agricultural resideus ,mining refuse and pathological wastes from institutions such as hospital and laboratories.这些废物的变化范围在平常家庭产生的垃圾到工业废物的复合材料、污水、农业废渣、矿渣和像医院、实验室这种大型机构产生的病理废物。

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimated in 1980 that at least 57 million metric tons of the nation‟s total waste load can be classified as hazardous. 1980年EPA估计一个国家负载的全部废物的至少5700 0000公吨会被列为危险废物。

Unfortunately,many dangerous materials that society has “throw away” over recent decades have endured in theenvironment-making household words of “Love Canal”and”Valley of the Drums.”不幸的是在最近几十年中社会持续扔掉了许多危险物，从而产生了“爱河”和“桶谷”的家用词。

环境保护专业术语中英互译环境保护专业术语中英互译Environmental pollution 环境污染 Global warming 全球变暖Environmental destruction环境破坏 Environmental risk 环境风险Persistent organic pollutants 持久性有机污染物 Global warming全球变暖Acid precipitation 酸性降水 Volatile organic chemicals 挥发性有机化学品Renewable resources 可再生资源Sustainable development 可持续发展 Fabric filters 织物过滤器On-site monitoring 现场监测 Receiving water body贮水池On-site monitoring 现场监测 Resource reuse 资源再利用Eutrophication 富营养化 Aerobic composting 好氧堆肥Nonrenewable resources 不可再生资源Nitrification 硝化作用Cyclone precipitator 旋风除尘器Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) 持久性有机污染物Chlorohydrocarbon 氯化碳氢化合物Greenhouse effect 温室效应Volatile organic chemicals（VOC）挥发性有机化学品Fabric filters 织物过滤器Biodegradation 生物降解Eutrophication 富营养化Hazardous waste 危险废物Sanitary landfill 卫生填埋Sustainable development 可持续发展Powder activated carbon 活性炭粉末环境问题 environmental problem 水处理 water treatment 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 一次污染物primary pollutant生物多样性 biological diversity 生活垃圾domestic waste 空气污染air pollution 可生化降解污染物biodegradable pollutant氮氧化物nitrogen oxides 化学需氧量(COD) chemical oxygen demandBOD Biochemical oxygen demand 颗粒物(PM) particulate matter一级处理primary treatment 二级处理secondary treatment资源回收 resource recovery 面源污染non-point source pollution二氧化硫 sulfur dioxide 臭氧层 ozone layer总悬浮固体(TSS) total suspended solid环境影响评价(EIA) environmental impact assessment声压级 sound pressure level 去除率 removal rateTP total phosphorus 光化学烟雾photochemical smog颗粒物(PM)- Particulate Matter环境影响评价(EIA)- environmental impact assessment背景噪声 background noise有害废物hazardous waste 二次污染物secondary pollutant。

专业英语环境：environment环境工程：environmentalengineering环境保护：environmentalprotection环境意识：environmentalconsciousness/awareness环境问题：environmentalissue/problem环境效应：environmentaleffect环境污染：environmentalpollution环境要素：environmentalelements环境因子：environmentalfactors环境化学：environmentalchemistry环境生态学：environmentalecology环境质量：environmentalquality环境自净作用：environmentalself-purification/self-cleansing 水环境：watershed水体：waterbody流域：watershed水质：waterquality水资源：waterresources供水：watersupply废水：wastewater水处理：watertreatment物理性水质指标：physicalindicateofwaterquality水污染物：waterpollutant生物性水质指标：biologicalwater-qualityindex水质标准：waterqualitystandard化学性水质指标：chemicalwater-qualityindexDS：dissolvedsolidsBOD：biochemicaloxygendemandTDS：totaldissolvedsolidsCOD：chemicaloxygendemand TSS：totalsuspendedsolidsDO：dissolvedoxygenTOC：totalorganiccarbonPH值：TN：总氮totalnitrogenTP：总磷phosphorusZn：zincCu：CopperAs：arsenicCd：CadmiumCr：chromiumNi：NickelHg：mercuryPb：plumbum物理处理：physicaltreatment过滤：screening生物处理：biologicaltreatment沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemicaltreatment气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemicaltreatment蒸发：evaporation稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobictreatment生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess 厌氧处理：anaerobictreatment生物滤池：tricklingfilters 活性污泥法：activatedsludgeprocess生物接触氧化：biologicalcontactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯StyreneButadieneRubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket活性污泥：activatedsludge改进型：modification一级处理：primarytreatment二级处理：secondarytreatment三级处理：tertiarytreatment高级氧化处理：advancedtreatment生活污水：domesticwastewater 生产废水：industrialwastewater城市生活污水：municipalwastewater电镀废水：metalplatingplants印染废水：pulpandpaperindustrieswastewater浊度：turbidity 硬度：hardness水质净化：waterqualitypurifies混凝沉淀：coagulateflocculatingagent活性炭吸附：activatedcarbonadsorption隔油池：oilseparationtank中和池：neutralizationtank调节池：adjustingtank生物反应池：biologicalreactor加药设备：physicalequipment沉淀池：sedimentationtank初沉池：primarysedimentationtank二沉池：secondarysedimentationtank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulateflocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation飘尘：floatingdust可吸入颗粒物：inhalableparticles能见度：visibility酸雨：acidrain一次污染物：primarypollutant二次污染物：secondarypollutant氮氧化物：nitrogenoxides 硫氧化物：sulfuroxides硫化氢：hydrogensulfide碳氧化物：carbonoxides硝酸：nitricacid盐酸：hydrochloricacid硫酸：sulfuricacid二氧化硫：sulfurdioxide除尘工艺：Dustremoval吸收：absorption吸附：adsorption静电除尘：electricdustprecipitation重力除尘：gravitationalsettling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemicalsmoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging 土壤：soil热污染：temperaturechange/thermalpollution 噪声：noise放射性：radioactivityEIA：environmentalimpactassessmen tCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computeraideddesign大气污染控制工程：airpollutioncontrol水污染控制工程：waterpollutioncontrol 固体废物污染控制工程：solidwastemanagement污染源：pollutionsource同化作用：assimilation固体废物：solidwastes危险废物：hazardouswastes 化学污泥chemicalsludge：生物污泥：biologicalsludge工业固废：industrialwastes分选处理：separationtreatment 矿业固废：minesolidwastes破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculturesolidwastes压实处理：reductioninvolume污泥脱水：disposalofthesludge？污泥浓缩：sludgethickening 带式压滤：Beltfilterpress 离心脱水：centrifugaldewatering 筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compostandcomposting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysisandincineration 生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidificationandstabilizati on资源化：resource减量化：pollutioncontrol无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solidwasteintegratedcontrol 固体废物污染控制：solidwasterpollutioncontrol 固体废物处理：processingandrecovery处置：disposal物质回收：materialsrecovery 物质转化：materialconversion 能量回收：energyrecovery能量转化：energyconversion1.Environmentalengineeringhasbeendefinedasthebranchofengineeringthatisconcernedwithprotectingtheenvironmentfromthepotential,deleteriouseffectsofhumanactivity,protectinghuman populationsfromtheeffectsofadverseenvironmentalfactors,andimprovingenvironmentalqualit yforhumanhealthandwell-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。