第1部分 专题1 第2讲 阅读理解

第二讲非谓语动词(对应学生用书第6页)1．(2017·江苏高考卷)Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A．having developed B．being developedC．developed D．developingA[考查非谓语动词。

句意：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

本句的主语“Many Chinese brands”与动词“develop”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语“over centuries”可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。

故答案为A。

] 2．(2016·江苏高考卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A．to hide B．hiddenC．hiding D．being hiddenB[考查非谓语动词。

句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。

句中message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

]3．(2015·江苏高考卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spendingC[考查非谓语动词。

句意：因为坐办公室的时间太长，所以工作人员一般都受健康问题的困扰。

句首用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示原因。

专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细微环节理解题推理推断题主旨大意题词义揣测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细微环节理解题和推理推断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义揣测题。

细微环节理解题相对简洁，而其他三种题型相对较难。

在近两年的考查趋向上，细微环节理解题的答案更加隐藏，叙述含蓄，干脆信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细微环节题加入很多推理、推断、归纳等元素；推理推断题的难度会适当加大。

本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。

2024 卷Ⅰ7 5 2 1 卷Ⅱ9 3 2 1 卷Ⅲ9 3 2 12024 卷Ⅰ7 6 1 1 卷Ⅱ 5 6 2 2 卷Ⅲ 6 6 2 12024 卷Ⅰ10 3 1 1卷Ⅱ7 5 1 2卷Ⅲ8 4 1 2第一讲细微环节理解题——定位信息巧比对细微环节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简洁，只须要依据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。

因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。

但有些细微环节理解题由于命题人有意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目须要细致地思索、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。

尽管细微环节理解题相对简洁，但不行掉以轻心。

细微环节理解题常见的考查题型有：干脆信息题、间接信息题、概括细微环节理解题和正误推断题。

一、题型特点要知晓(一)细微环节理解题常见设问方式1．特别疑问句形式。

以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。

2．推断是非形式。

含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的推断是非的问题。

此时要留意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。

3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。

第一部分专题二第1讲根据设题位置解题A(2022·云南省第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)Have you heard of Wordle? It has gained millions of fans since its public launch in October, 2021.Here is something you might want to know about Wordle.1Wordle is a free word guessing game developed by Josh Wardle, a software engineer in Brooklyn.The aim of the game is to guess a 5-letter word.It is different from other word games because it can only be played once per day.The target word is the same for everyone that day, and a new word is released at midnight. 2 And while there is no official mobile app for Wordle, you can also play it by visiting the web page on your Android, iPhone, or iPad.How to play Wordle?You have six attempts to guess a 5-letter word.Wordle will help you by giving clues along the way by changing the colors of each letter entered in the boxes. 3 If a letter is highlighted in green, it means that itʼs placed in the correct spot in the daily word.A yellow letter shows that it is in the daily target word, but in the wrong spot.Gray indicates that the letter is not in the target word at all.Wordle tips and tricks：Choose a good starter word which contains at least three vowel (元音) letters.The goal of the starting guess is to narrow down the options for the remaining 5 ing three vowels is a great way to achieve that. 4Consider possible words based on the results of your first guess.After you enter your first guess, there might be some yellow or green letters to work with.Think of some 5-letter words that contain those letters, but donʼt use any of the gray letters.5 A yellow letter means that it is in the word of the day, but not in the right position.Consider the most common locations of the yellow letters in 5-letter words you know.For example, if you have a yellow “k” in the second position of yourword, you might try placing it in the 5th position—many 5-letter words end with “ck”．Continue to enter your guesses until all the letters are green.A．What is Wordle?B．Who created Wordle?C．You can play Wordle on the web.D．Use as many letters in a real word as possible.E．Pay attention to the positions of yellow letters.F．So try to enter a multi-vowel word at your first attempt.G．After entering the five letters of your first guess, check their colors.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

高考语文一轮总复习考点突破精准答题：专题二散文阅读学案二第2讲一、阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题。

(16分)今生今世的证据刘亮程①我走的时候，还不懂得怜惜曾经拥有的事物，我们随便把一堵院墙推倒，砍掉那些树，拆毁圈棚和炉灶，我们想它没用处了。

我们搬去的地方会有许多新东西。

一切都会再有的，随着日子一天天好转。

②我走的时候，还不知道向那些熟悉的东西去告别，不知道回过头说一句：草，你要一年年地长下去啊。

土墙，你站稳了，千万不能倒啊。

房子，你能撑到哪年就强撑到哪一年，万一你塌了，可千万把破墙圈留下，把朝南的门洞和窗口留下，把墙角的烟道和锅头留下，把破瓦片留下，最好留下一小块泥皮，即使墙皮全脱落光，也在不经意的、风雨冲刷不到的那个墙角上，留下巴掌大的一小块吧，留下泥皮上的烟垢和灰，留下划痕、朽在墙中的木橛和铁钉，这些都是我今生今世的证据啊。

③我走的时候，我还不知道曾经的生活有一天会需要证明。

④有一天会再没有人能够相信过去。

我也会对以往的一切产生怀疑。

那是我曾有过的生活吗？我真看见过大地深处的大风？更黑，更猛，朝着相反的方向，刮动万物的骨骸和根须。

我真听见过一只大鸟在夜晚的叫声？整个村子静静的，只有那只鸟在叫。

我真的沿那条黑寂的村巷仓皇奔逃？背后是紧追不舍的瘸腿男人，他的那条好腿一下一下地捣着地。

我真的有过一棵自己的大榆树？真的有一根拴牛的榆木桩？它的横杈直端端指着我们家院门，找到它我便找到了回家的路。

还有，我真沐浴过那样恒久明亮的月光？它一夜一夜地已经照透墙、树木和道路，把银白的月辉渗浸到事物的背面。

在那时候，那些东西不转身便正面背面都领受到月光，我不回头就看见了以往。

⑤现在，谁还能说出一棵草、一根木头的全部真实。

谁会看见一场一场的风吹旧墙、刮破院门，穿过一个人慢慢松开的骨缝，把所有所有的风声留在他的一生中。

⑥这一切，难道不是一场一场的梦？如果没有那些旧房子和路，没有扬起又落下的尘土，没有与我一同长大仍旧活在村里的人、牲畜，没有还在吹刮着的那一场一场的风，谁会证实以往的生活——即使有它们，一个人内心的生存谁又能见证？⑦我回到曾经是我的现在已成别人的村庄。

第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。

高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。

【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．(5)Where does this passage probably come from?(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。

(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。

[考向1]推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。

其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。

常见的设问方式：◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．◆It can be concluded from the passage that ________．◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．◆What can we infer about...?◆Which of the following statements does the passage support?◆What does the...paragraph imply?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ________．A．help students see their own strengthsB．assess students’public speaking skillsC．prepare students for their future jobsD．inspire students’love for politics[解题思路]第一步确定题干中的关键信息infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。

2022年高考语文第二轮复习专题学案之非连续性文本专题第二讲解答信息类阅读选择题【知识精讲】一、认识选项的转述(表述)方式1．转述方式论述类文本因其深刻的思想性和丰富的人文性，决定了阅读考查的重点在于把握文本的内容要点和作者在文中的观点态度。

具体到试题中，选项的表述不可能照搬抄录原文语句，大都是对文本内容要点和文中涉及的观点态度的转述。

明确转述的常用方式，对判断选项正确与否意义重大。

选项常用的转述方式有三种：概括式转述、具体式转述、同义变式转述。

(1)概括式转述概括式转述，就是将原文具体的表述加以抽象化，提炼其本质内容，使之上升到一般认识的转述方式。

表现在语言形式上，是从一大段文字或一个较长句子中抽取关键词语，重新组织成一个相对短小的句子。

判断这一转述是否符合原文语意：一要看这种从具体到一般的表述是否符合作者的观点；二要看由抽取的关键词重新组织的句子是否符合原句的整体大意和作者的意图，是否符合原句中的词句之间的逻辑关系。

(2)具体式转述具体式转述，就是将原文中抽象概括的观点、结论性的内容用具体的事例加以表述的转述方式。

从某种意义上讲，它是原文某一个概括性观点或结论的例证，在很多选项的表述中，具有对原文相关观点的阐释性质。

判断具体式转述是否恰当，一是要判断选项本身的内容是否符合原文意思；二是要判断选项是否符合题干要求，选项中的具体材料是否能证明原文中的观点和结论。

(3)同义变式转述同义变式转述，就是采用不同的语言形式对原文语句内容进行重新表述。

这种转述也就是我们通常所说的“换一个说法”。

同义变式包括因果倒置、条件与结果转换、变换主语重组句子、长句与短句互变等形式。

判断同义变式转述是否正确，关键在于判断转述的句子与原文是否“同义”。

应特别注意的是，对摘抄原文较多、结构形式类似的选项，不能盲目认同；而对那些换了说法，换了表达形式，在原文中找不到相应词语和句子的选项，也不能轻易否定。

综上所述，选项对原文相关内容的转述，主要有概括式转述、具体式转述和同义变式转述，而其中同义变式转述因其所占比例较大，需要我们重点关注。

第2讲权力支配下的农耕文明——古代中国经济的基本结构与特点立德树人/多维思考/导向教学从历史问题的现实思考来看：精耕细作的生产模式对我国古代农业生产的生态理念和生态环境产生了积极而深远的影响，对当前加快推进农业农村现代化，走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路提供了有益的启示。

借鉴古代的经济政策，发挥政府在农业和商业中的积极作用，对于促进农业和商业的产业转型，有着重大的现实意义。

从现实问题的历史反思来看：“一带一路”是当前经济发展的热点话题。

两千多年前，丝绸之路以其连接的文明形态之多、跨越历史时期之长而光耀人类文明的史册。

如今，中国以互尊互信、合作共赢、文明互鉴的诚意，提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”。

这个宏伟的战略构想，赋予古老的丝绸之路以全新的生命，承载着沿途各国发展繁荣的梦想，也符合全球区域合作的时代潮流。

从近三年的高考命题点来看：为文明的萌生和发展提供了经济基础的精耕细作的传统农业和土地制度、生存空间逐渐变动的经济重心的南移以及重大转型时期的商业发展是本专题的热考点。

复习备考时，既要对教材主干知识加以灵活运用，又要注重经济与文化的互动关系，关注中国历史上许多重大的历史变动、制度或社会结构的变迁，从全面协调可持续发展的理论高度认识古代中国经济的典型特征。

线索一古代农业中国古代农业发展的主线是小农经济的产生与巩固，包括土地制度的变迁、耕作方式的演进、水利设施的修建等，以家庭为单位、精耕细作为突出特征。

线索二古代手工业古代手工业主要有官营、民营、家庭手工业三种经营形态，其中纺织、冶金、制瓷是三大主要行业，以丝绸、瓷器为代表的手工业产品远销海外。

线索三古代商业古代商业发展包括市场形成、市场管理、货币演变、国内外贸易、城市商业功能发展等五大要素，其中市场管理是核心内容，时空限制经历了一个由严格到松散的过程。

线索四古代经济政策古代的经济政策以重农抑商、闭关锁国为主，前者首倡于商鞅变法，贯穿于封建社会始终，后者仅实行于明清两朝，两者均是导致资本主义萌芽在中国发展缓慢的重要因素。

第二部分专题一第2讲【真题达标组】A(2019北京卷，B)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super－sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroyingthem.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, shewas offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treatswere bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. Soshe desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a healthy candythat's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？” With that inmind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth－friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product—CanCandy.As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.1. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?A．She argued with him.B．She tried to find a way out.C．She paid no attention.D．She chose to consult dentists.2. What is special about CanCandy?A．It is beneficial to dental health.B．It is free of sweeteners.C．It is sweeter than other candies.D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe.3. What does Moore expect from her business?A．To earn more money.B．To help others find smiles.C．To make herself stand out.D．To beat other candy companies.4. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.C．Positive thinking and action result in success.D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.【语篇解读】本文介绍了Alice Moore小时候坚定创业成立Alice candy并获得成功的故事。