江西师范大学考研真题828史学概论__2017+史学概论硕士研究生专业课考试试题

在我决定考研的那一刻正面临着我人生中的灰暗时期，那时发生的事对当时的我来讲是一个重大的打击，我甚至一再怀疑自己可不可以继续走下去，而就是那个时候我决定考研，让自己进入一个新的阶段，新的人生方向。

那个时刻，很大意义上是想要转移自己的注意力，不再让自己纠结于一件耗费心力和情绪的事情。

而如今，已相隔一年的时间，虽然这一年相当漫长，但在整个人生道路上不过是短短的一个线段。

就在短短的一年中我发现一切都在不知不觉中发生了变化。

曾经让自己大为恼火，让自己费尽心力和心绪的事情现如今不过是弹指的一抹灰尘。

而之所以会有这样的心境变化，我认为，是因为，在备考的这段时间内，我的全身心进入了一个全然自我，不被外界所干扰的心境，日复一日年复一年的做着同样枯燥、琐碎、乏味的事情。

这不正是一种修行吗，若说在初期，只是把自己当作机器一样用以逃避现实生活的灾难的话，但在后期就是真的在这过程中慢慢发生了变化，不知不觉中进入到了忘记自身的状态里。

所以我就终于明白，佛家坐定，参禅为什么会叫作修行了。

本来无一物，何处惹尘埃。

所以经过这一年我不仅在心智上更加成熟，而且也成功上岸。

正如我预期的那样，我开始进入一个新的阶段，有了新的人生方向。

在此，只是想要把我这一年备考过程中的积累的种种干货和经验记录下来，也希望各位看到后能够有所帮助，只不过考研毕竟是大工程，所以本篇内容会比较长，希望大家可以耐心看完，文章结尾会附上我的学习资料供大家下载。

江西师范大学中国史初试科目：(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(313)历史学基础参考书：经典“十一本”《中国古代史》(上下册) ，朱绍侯主编，福建人民出版社；《中国近代史》（第四版），李侃主编，中华书局；《中国现代史》(上下册) 王桧林主编，高等教育出版社；《世界史》六卷本，吴于廑、齐世荣主编，高等教育出版社跟大家先说一下英语的复习吧。

学英语免不了背单词这个难关，词汇量上不去，影响的不仅是考试成绩，更是整体英语能力的提升；背单词也是学习者最感到头痛的过程，不是背完了转身就忘，就是背的单词不会用，重点单词主要是在做阅读的时候总结的，我把不认识不熟悉的单词全都挑出来写到旁边，记下来反复背直至考前，总之单词这一块贵在坚持，背单词的日程一定要坚持到考研前一天。

2020年江西师范大学333教育综合（专业硕士）考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.学在官府（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.德育过程（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.教学（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.宫廷学校（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.元认知（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.最近发展区（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、简答题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)7.蔡元培的教育独立思想。

（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.班级授课制的优点。

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。

江西师范大学2005年硕士研究生中国古代文学专业入学考试试题二、名词解释1、楚辞楚辞，其本意是指楚地的言辞，后来逐渐固定为两种含义：一是诗歌体裁。

“楚辞”是战国时代以屈原为代表的楚国作家在楚国民歌的基础上创造的一种具有浓厚地方色彩的诗歌，它是《诗经》三百篇以后的一种新诗体。

所谓“书楚语，作楚声，纪楚地，名楚物，故可谓之楚辞”。

二是诗歌总集的名称。

汉成帝时，刘向整理时将屈宋等人作品编辑成书，定名为《楚辞》，从此，楚辞成为了一部诗歌总集名称。

“楚辞”包括屈原、宋玉等楚国人的作品以及汉初淮南小山，东方朔、刘向等人的仿骚作品。

刘向所编《楚辞》现已不存，目前能见最早的本子是东汉王逸《楚辞章句》，是最早为之作注的作品。

2、新乐府新乐府，即“新题乐府”，就是相对于汉魏旧（题）乐府而言的“即事名篇，无复依傍”的诗歌，指的是一种用新题写时事的乐府诗，它自创新题，抒写时事，不再以入乐与否作为衡量的标准。

新乐府即讽喻诗，是谏官文学。

新乐府诗始创于杜甫，为元结、顾况等继承，后来又得到白居易、元稹大力提倡，他们继承了杜甫现实主义的文学传统，倡导了“重通俗，尚写实”，以创作新题乐府诗反映现实为中心的诗歌革新运动。

3、建安风骨建安是东汉献帝刘协的年号，此时期朝政大全实握于曹操之手，因此，文学史上向来把建安文学作为魏晋南北朝文学的起点，建安文学包括汉魏初期（190-232）的文学，获得了繁荣的发展，取得了突出的成就：五言腾涌，俊才云蒸，作家作品大量涌现，在文学史上占有重要地位。

建安文学的特色是：在内容上反映了动乱的社会面貌和人民丧乱的痛苦，抒发了建功立业的理想和人生悲哀。

（现实主义精神）在艺术上具有一种清峻、通脱、华丽、壮大的文风，风格多慷慨激昂。

（慷慨激昂的风格）前人用“建安风骨”（或“建安风力”、“汉魏风骨”）来赞扬建安文学，就是指建安文学的这种现实主义精神和慷慨激昂的风格，这是汉魏时期文人创作的群体风范。

4、唐传奇唐传奇指唐代流行的文言短篇小说，作者多以记、传名篇，以史家笔法，传奇闻异事。

一年前的今天自己在宿舍为了是否要考研而辗转反侧，直到现在当初试结果跟复试结果都出来之后，自己才意识到自己真的考上了。

其实在初试考完就想写一篇关于考研的经验，毕竟这也是对自己一年来努力做一个好的总结，也希望我的经验，可以帮助奋斗在考研路上的你们。

首先当你决定考研的时候，请先想想自己是为了什么才决定要考研，并且要先想一下为什么非要选这个专业，作为你今后职业的发展方向，学习的动机决定了之后备考路上努力的成功还有克服一切困难的决心。

考研是一个很重要的决定，所以大家一定要慎重，千万不要随波逐流盲目跟风。

我选择这所学校的原因，一是因为这里是我的本校，二是因为这里离家也比较近。

所一大家一定更要个根据自己的实际情况来做出选择。

好啦，接下来跟大家好好介绍一下我的复习经验吧，希望对你们有所帮助。

另外还要说一句，这篇经验贴分为三个部分，先说英语政治，再说专业课，并且文章结尾分享了资料和真题，大家可以放心阅读。

江西师范大学世界史初试科目：(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(313)历史学基础参考书目：1、吴于廑齐世荣主编：《世界史》（六卷本），高等教育出版社，2011年版。

2、齐世荣主编：《世界史》（四卷本），高等教育出版社，2008年第一版3、《木糖英语真题手译》2021版先聊聊英语单词部分：我个人认为不背的单词再怎么看视频也没用，背单词没捷径。

你想又懒又快捷的提升单词量，没门。

（仅供个人选择）我建议用木糖英语单词闪电版，一天200个，用艾宾浩斯曲线一个月能记完，每天记单词需要1小时（还是蛮痛苦的，但总比看真题时啥也看不懂要舒服多）。

好处在于是剔除了初高中的简单词，只剩下考研的必考词，能迅速让你上手真题。

背单词要一直从3-4月份持续到考研前几天，第一遍记完必须要在暑假前。

阅读完形部分：木糖英语真题手译就挺好用的，不需要做真题以外的任何阅读题。

因为真题就是最贴近实战的练习题了，还记得近十年的真题我是刷了大概有四五遍。

江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题[推荐5篇]第一篇：江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题2012江西师大现当代考研真题一、名词解释1、《大雁和我的保姆》2、左联3、《北京人》4、“主观战斗精神”5、《春之声》6、印家厚二、简答1、周作人《人的文学》对新时期文学的意义2、简析觉新的性格特征及意义3、简述张承志小说的诗话内涵4、沙叶新《陈毅市长》的艺术特征三、论述1、试论鲁迅《野草》的思想内容及艺术特征，并从创作动机的角度谈谈与《呐喊》和《彷徨》的主要区别。

2、分析《青春之歌》中“林道静的成长模式”，并谈谈“林道静成长模式”的时代意义以及历史局限。

2012文学理论一、名词解释1、文学活动2、语境3、抒情话语4、文学传播二、简答1、文学创作中意识与无意识的关系2、文学的审美意识形态的特殊性三、辨析1、叙述者等同于作者，对否？2、文学作品的艺术生命力与其商业价值有无必然关系四、论述1、请运用下列批评模式——伦理道德批评，社会历史批评，审美批评，心理学批评，语言学批评，文化批评中的任意一种，简评中外文学史上你所熟悉的一位作家或作品。

、2、谈谈你对人文关怀的理解并结合这一有关的理论内容，对中国现当代文学或世界文学中的有关创作现象做些简要分析与评价。

2011 现当代一、名词解释 1,《潘先生在难中》2,《上海屋檐下》3,七月诗派4,《青春之歌》5,贺敬之6,《我与地坛》二、简答题1、简述毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的主要思想内容2、简述曹禺剧作的主要艺术成就3、简述孙犁小说的风格特征4、简述朦胧诗派的审美特征三、论述题1、为什么中国现代小说从鲁迅开始，又在他手中成熟2、《芙蓉镇》如何体现“伤痕”和“反思”文学的特色2011文学理论一、名词解释文学活动的“四个要素” 艺术发现文学典型文学风格二、简答题1、什么是艺术概括？艺术概括有哪些具体的规定？2、文学意境有哪些基本特征？三、辨析题1、作家的情感越是强烈，他所创作出来的文学作品越伟大。

江西师范大学2017年全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题（ B 卷）参考答案要点专业：120100管理科学与工程02、03、05方向科目：873 管理学IV 注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

（本试题共4 页）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、管理：是指为了有效地实现组织目标、个人发展和社会责任，运用管理职能进行协调的过程。

其具体内涵包括：（１）管理是人类有意识、有目的的活动。

管理的目的首先是为了通过群体的力量实现组织目标。

另外也要十分关注实现组织中每个人的发展和实现组织的社会责任。

（２）管理应当是有效的。

有效性是指不仅要正确地做事（效率），并且要力争做正确的事（效果）。

（３）管理的本质是协调。

协调包括：一是组织内部各种有形和无形资源之间的协调，使其组成一个有机整体，形成强大的竞争能力；二是组织与外部环境的协调。

（４）协调是运用各种管理职能的过程。

协调的有效进行所要运用的，在管理学范畴内就是计划、组织、指挥等管理职能的过程。

2、人本原理：人本原理强调人在管理中的主体地位，人事管理系统中最活跃、最具有能动性、创造性的要素，是其它构成要素的主宰。

管理是为人服务的，做好人的工作是管理的根本，管理的核心是使人性得到最完美的发展。

尊重人、依靠人、发展人、为了人是人本原理的基本内容和特点。

3、业务流程再造BPR：BPR(Business Process Reengineering)也译为“业务流程重组”、“公司再造”、“再造工程”。

所谓“再造工程”，简单地说就是以工作流程为中心，重新设计企业的经营、管理及运作方式。

一般是“为了飞越性地改善成本、质量、服务、速度等重大的现代企业的运营基准，对工作流程进行根本性重新思考并彻底改革”。

特点：“从头改变，重新设计”。

4、组织文化：指组织在长期的实践活动中所形成的并且为组织成员普遍认可和遵循的具有本组织特色的价值观念、团体意识、行为规范和思维模式的总和。