最新词汇学模拟试卷2及答案

大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(1)I. Choose the best from the four answers provided for each question. (20 points)1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Shakespeare’s poem “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet” is a reflection of the conventionalist’s opinion concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.B.Facts have proved the naturalists to be valid concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.C.The conventionalists hold that the relations between sound and meaning are conventional and arbitrary.D.The fact that words with the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages supports the conventionalists.2.The word “brunch” is formed from “breakfast” and “lunch”. Such a process of word-formation is called ____________.A.affixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. abbreviation3.It’s easy for us to associate “husband” with “wife”. Such an association is an application of ____________.A.the minimal-contrast ruleB.the feature-deletion and –addition ruleC.the marking ruleD.the category preservation rule4.The pair of antonyms “teach—learn” belong to ____________.plementariesB.contrariesC.conversivesD.None of the above5.The derivational antonym of “pleasant” is ____________.A.pleasureB.unpleasantC.disgustingD.not pleasant6.The pair of words “air —heir” belong to ____________.A.homographB.homophoneC.full homonymsD.none of the above7.The major difference between “propaganda” and “publicity” lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.emotional coloringC.stylistic coloringD.collocation8.The semantic relationship between “spinach” and “vegetable” is a kind of ____________.A.hyponymyB.antonymyC.synonymyD.homonymy9.____________are related in the same way as the pair of words “Mystery: Clue” are related to each other.A.Book: readerB.fruit: bowlC.door: keyD.detective: crime10.The word “nice” originally meant “foolish”, and now it means “pleasant”. This process of semantic change is called _______.A.degenerationB.generalizationC.elevationD.specialization11.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the formula “word –concept –referent”?A.A concept is the base of the meaning of a word.B.A concept is an abstraction from the referents.C.The formula shows that the word refers to the referent through a concept.D.There is a direct relationship between a word and its referent.12.____________ means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word.A.BlendingB.ConversionC.ShorteningD.Affixation13.The semantic feature used to distinguish between “bachelor”and “spinster” is ____________.A.[Human]B.[Adult]C.[Common]D.[Male]14.____________ is characterized by full inflections.A.Old EnglishB.Middle EnglishC.Early Modern EnglishD.Modern English15.The word “gold-collar” is created by imitating the word “blue-collar”. This kind of analogy is based on ____________.A.numberB.colorC.oppositeness in meaningD.space16.In terms of register, most English idioms belong to ____________.A.colloquial Englishmon core of the English languageC.formal EnglishD.slang17.In the sentence “this is the face that has changed the future of the world”, a(n) ______ is used.A.metaphorB.metonymyC.synecdocheD.analogy18.In the following poem “All the world’s a stage, / And all the m en and women mere players, /They have their exits and entrances”, what figure of speech is used?A.simileB.hyperboleC.metaphorC.personification19.Which of the following is an example of grammatical collocation?A.lift an embargomit suicideC.avoid doingD.sound asleep20.Some puns are based on ______.A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.homonymyD.antonymyII. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the textbook. (20 points)21.According to modern lexicology, the minimal meaningful unit of a language is word.22.The same phrase can be either a free phrase or an idiom, depending on the meaning and context.23.The word “teacher” is a transparent word.24.The development of American English was plain sailing. In other words, the attitudes of both British and Americans towards American English were always positive.25.An idiom composed of “noun + and + noun” is always nominal in nature.26.Written English is always formal, while oral English is always informal.27.When you want to express your sympathy towards somebody whose grandfather has just died, it’s proper for you to say “I am very sorry that your grandpa has kicked the bucket.”28.In the word “snatch”, the sound sequence“sn” can be associated with “quick movement”. This is an example of “primary onomatopoeia”.29.“V.O.A.” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters.30.In English, the word “edit” is created by the deletion of the supposed suffix “or” in the word “editor”. This process is called affixation.31.In the sentence “it is possible that the local court will find for him”, the phrase “find for” is an idiom.32.In terms of spelling, “honour” is American English, and “honor” is British English.33.In English, absolute antonyms are more numerous than relative synonyms.34.The central meaning of a word is always its primary meaning.35.The use of “the Kremlin” for Russian government is called metonymy.36.The word “sanctuary” originally meant “sacred place”, and later it is used to refer to “any place where refuge is provided”. This process of semantic change is called specialization.37.In terms of diction, the sentence “penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced” is written English.38.One of the differences between American English and British English lies in the form of subjunctive mood. For example, the sentence “I move that Mr. Smith be appointed Secretary” is British English, while “I move that Mr. Smith should be appointed Secretary” is American English.39.In the group of words of “black, red, yellow and color”, “color” is the superordinate, and “black, red, yellow” are the subordinates, or hyponyms.40.Modern English lexicology belongs to general lexicology.III. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 points)41.A foreign language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into active vocabulary and ____________ vocabulary.42.Most of the English native words are of ____________ origin.43.The first authoritative English dictionary is called ____________, which was compiled by Johnson.44.“ISBN”, which stands for ____________, is an initialism often seen the in back cover ofa book.45.Small words have two features, that is, a ____________ of meanings and functions as well as flexibility of usage.46.There are two types of collocations in English, that is, ____________collocation and lexical collocation.47.Old English is a ____________ language, while modern English is mainly an analytic language.48.The variants of the same morpheme are called ____________.49.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.50.____________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word has two or more different meanings.IV. Correct the linguistic errors in the following statements with the help of your English-English dictionary. Each statement contains only ONE error. (10 points)51.He can’t find a good job because he lacks of skills.52.His theory based on a lot of data.53.He has the ability of repairing computers.54.She concerns her son’s safety.55.It’s not polite to in trude somebody when he or she is busy.56.We should refrain our friends from smoking.57.I had my teacher to recommend some books to me.58.The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students correct one another’s papers.59.I never regretted not to accept his offer, for it was not where my interest lay.60.The teacher is being confused.V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to idioms.(10 points)61.They came up with a plan for drastic pruning of the bloated institution.62.To Kate, calculating and cold, the most important thing was power.63.Both were workaholics who thought nothing of being at their desks at 6:30 a.m..64.There is nobody in our class but wishes to help you.65.For university students, the importance of English and computer skill cannot be overestimated in modern society.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answer should be clear and brief. (10 points)66.List seven differences between relative synonyms.67.In English, stative verbs usually cannot take the so-called progressive aspect. But there are some exceptions. List two cases in which stative verbs may take the progressive aspect.VII. Analysis and comment. (20 points)68.The following is a paragraph from a Chinese student’s essay in CET-6 entitled “Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Make use of the relevant theory you have learned in this course to make a comment on the diction. Do you think this is a good paragraph? Why?Because I think learning English is very important, especially to me. Well if you ask me why, I’ll tell you there are lots of reasons. Let’s look at something in job markets. And if you can’t speak English, you can’t get a good job. Don’t you believe? Then another is to communicate with foreigners. You know, if you can’t speak English, how can you make your ideas understood by them? Anyway, spoken English is getting more and more important. So a test of spoken English is necessary.69.Now you have had a general knowledge of English lexicology. Which chapter do you think is especially useful to you? And what are you going to do to improve your English in thisaspect?大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(2)I．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the textbook. (10 points)1.The distinction between free forms and bound forms was first made by ____________, American linguist.2.A language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into ____________ vocabulary and active vocabulary.3.Most of the native words in British English are of ____________ origin.4.The _____ Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of French words into the English vocabulary.5.There are two types of collocations in English: ____________collocation and grammatical collocation.6.American English derives from ____________ English in the seventeenth century.7.According to Martin Joos, there are five styles: frozen, formal, ____________, casual and intimate.8.____________ features refer to a set of abstracted characteristics necessary to distinguish the category which the word names from all other categories, such as [Human], [Male], etc.9.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily used of one thing is applied to another.10.____________refers to a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations.II. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (15 points)11.In th e word “nicely”, “ly” is a grammatical morpheme, while “nice” is a content morpheme.12.In the group of words “conceive, deceive, perceive, receive, conceive”, “ceive” is a root, but not a free morpheme. This example shows us that there is a difference between root and free morpheme.13.The word “book” is a transparent word because it is composed of only one morpheme and cannot be analyzed into parts.14.The word “Chinglish” is created by means of affixation.15.The suffix“-ism”can always be translated into“主义”in Chinese.16.The word “SARS” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of severeacute respiratory syndrome and pronounced as letters.17.In terms of motivation, the word “scream” is an example of secondary onomatopoeia.18.The primary meaning of a word is always its central meaning.19.From the point of view of style, oral English is always informal.20.All of the idioms composed of noun + and + noun are nominal in nature.21.From the very outset, the term “American English” was used to refer to language spoken by Americans.22.In the history, the development of American English was plain sailing.23.All of the idioms belong to colloquial English, so they cannot be used on formal occasions.24.According to modern lexicology, the smallest significant element of speech is word.25.The phrase “take off” in the sentence “He took off the Prime Minister to perfection” is free phrase.III. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (10 points)26.Which of the following statements is not true as to the relationship between sound and meaning?A.The conventionalists maintain that the connection between sound and meaning is arbitrary and conventional.B.The naturalists hold that there is a natural connection between sound and meaning.C.The fact that the same phonological form can convey different meanings proves the validity of the naturalists.D.Generally speaking, of the two schools, the conventionalists are more valid.27.American English is characterized by ____________.A.conservativenessB.creativenessC.uniformityD.all of the above28.The words “air” and “heir” are ____________.A.homophonesB.homographsC.full homonymsD.none of the above29.The difference between “politician” and “statesman” mainly lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.stylistic coloringC.emotive coloringD.degree of quality30.The idiom “bag and baggage” is _______ in nature.A.nominalB.verbalC.adjectivalD.adverbial31.The relationship between “doctor” and “dentist” belongs to _______.A.synonymyB.antonymyC.hyponymyD.homonymy32.Such antonyms as “father” and “mother” are ____________.A.conversivesB.contrariesplementariesD.none of the above33.The word “beauty” originally meant “the inside and outside excellence of both man and woman”. Then it changed to mean only “outside excellence”. Now it only refers to “the outside excellence of woman”. This process is called ____________.A.elevationB.degenerationC.specializationD.generalization34.In the sentence “Beijing is very angry at the response of Washington to the Taiwan issue”,a ____________ is applied.A.metaphorB.synecdocheC.metonymyD.simile35.The word “auth” is created by deleting the supposed suffix “-or” of “author”. This process of word-formation is called ____________.A.blendingpoundingC.abbreviationD.back-formationIV. Correct the errors in the following sentences with the help of your dictionary. There is only ONE error in each sentence. (10 points)36.He had worked very hard, however, he failed to pass the exam.37.There is no need to concern with this matter.38.This novel bases on historical facts.39.She prides herself in her skill as a gardener.40.The teacher is being confused.41.He has the ability of making a very good boat.42.She denied to be the case.43.He refrained himself from smoking.44.I’m considering to change my job.45.I couldn’t help to cry.V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20 points)46.Both were workaholics who thought nothing of being at their desks at 6.30 a.m. —and 6.30 p.m. as well.47.The foot of a man is to his body what the base of mountain is to the whole mountain.48.The success of English teaching depends on a teacher’s informed choice of methodology.49.There is not one of us but wishes to help you.50.She is always getting at me because I don’t keep the desk tidy.51.A good story is none the worse for being told a hundred times.52.The value of the information he has provided cannot be overestimated.53.She is under contract to star in two films a year.54.The text is too difficult for the students or the teacher, for that matter.55.For all I care, you may do what you like with him.VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (15 points)56.Shakespeare has Juliet say:“What’s in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet.”What do the above lines say to you about the relationship between the sound and meaning?57.What does onomatopoeic motivation mean? Does it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?VII. Analysis and comment. (20 points)58.Make a comment on the use of a good dictionary in English learning in no less than 300 words. Your comment must contain at least the following aspects: the relationship between English learning and the use of a dictionary; the criteria for deciding on a good dictionary; how to use a dictionary.大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(3)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points)1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Shakespeare’s poem “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet” is a reflection of the conventionalist’s opinion concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.B.Facts have proved the naturalists to be valid concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.C.The conventionalists hold that the relations between sound and meaning are conventional and arbitrary.D.The fact that words with the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages supports the conventionalists.2.The word “literature” is borrowed from ____________.A.GermanB.GreekC.FrenchD.Chinese3.The word “brunch” is created by means of ____________.A.affixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.abbreviation4.A solid grasp of the usages of small words is very important in learning English. By small words we mean ____________.A.function wordsB.monosyllabic single verbsC.phrasal verbsD.all of the above5.In terms of register, English idioms belong to ____________.A.colloquial Englishmon core of the English languageC.slangD.all of the above6.The association of “husband” with “wife” is an application of ____________.A.the minimal-contrast ruleB.the feature-deletion and –addition ruleC.the marking ruleD.the category preservation rule7.The pair of antonyms “teach—learn” belong to ____________.plemetariesB.contrariesC.conversivesD.None of the above8.The chief foreign elements in the vocabulary of the English language are _______.A.GreektinC.FrenchD.All of the above9.The derivational antonym of “pleasant” is ____________.A.pleasureB.unpleasantC.disgustingD.not pleasant10.The pair of words “air —heir” belong to ____________.A.homographB.homophoneC.full homonymsD.none of the above11.The major difference between “stubborn” and “obstinate” lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.emotional coloringC.stylistic coloringD.collocation12.The semantic relationship between “spinach” and “vegetable” is ____________.A.hyponymyB.antonymyC.synonymyD.homonymy13.____________is opposite in meaning to “fortuitous”.A.unfortunateB.stupidC.piousD.designed14.____________are related in the same way as the pair of words “Mystery: Clue” are related to each other.A.Book: readerB.fruit: bowlC.door: keyD.detective: crime15.The word “nice” originally meant “foolish”, and now it means “pleasant”. This process of semantic change is called _______.A.degenerationB.generalizationC.elevationD.specialization16.In the sentence “this is the face that has changed the future of the world”, ______ is used.A.metaphorB.metonymyC.synecdocheD.analogy17.Which of the following statement is NOT true about the formula “word –concept –referent”?A.A concept is the base of the meaning of a word.B.A concept is an abstraction from the referent.C.The formula shows that the word refers to the referent through a concept.D.A word is a label of the referent.18.English idioms are characterized by ____________.A.semantic unityB.structural stabilityC.demotivationD.all of the above19.____________ means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word.A.BlendingB.ConversionC.ShorteningD.Affixation20.The semantic feature used to distinguish between “bachelor” and “spinster” is ____________.A.[Human]B.[Adult]C.[Common]D.[Male]II. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (20 points)21.According to modern lexicology, the minimal meaningful unit of a language is a word.22.The same phrase can be both a free phrase and an idiom, depending on its meaning.23.The word “teacher” is a transparent word.24.The development of American English was plain sailing. In other words, the attitudes of both British and Americans towards American English were positive.25.An idiom composed of “noun + and + noun” is always nominal in nature.26.Written English is always formal, while oral English is always informal.27.When you want to express your sympathy towards somebody whose grandfather has just died, it’s proper for you to say “I am very sorry that your grandpa has kicked the bucket.”28.In the word “snatch”, the sound sequence “sn” can be associated with “quick movement”. This is an example of “primary onomatopoeia”.29.“V.O.A.” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters.30.In English, the word “edit” is created by the deletion of the supposed suffix “or” in the word “editor”. This process is called affixation.31.In the sentence “it is possible that the local court will find for him”, the phrase “find for” is an idiom.32.In terms of spelling, “honour” is American English, and “honor” is British English.33.In English, absolute antonyms are more numerous.34.The central meaning of a word is always its primary meaning.35.The use of “the Kremlin” for Russian government is called metonymy.36.The word “sanctuary” originally meant “sacred place”, and later it is used to refer to “any place where refuge is provided”. This process of semantic change is called specialization.37.In terms of diction, the sentence “penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced” is written English.38.One of the differences between American English and British English lies in the form of subjunctive mood. For e xample, the sentence “I move that Mr. Smith be appointed Secretary” is British English, while “I move that Mr. Smith should be appointed Secretary” is American English.39.In the group of words of “black, red, yellow and color”, “color” is the superordina te, and “black, red, yellow” are the subordinates, or hyponyms.40.Modern English lexicology belongs to general lexicology.III. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 points)41.A foreign language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into active vocabulary and ____________ vocabulary.42.Most of the English native words are of ____________ origin.43.The first authoritative English dictionary is called ____________, which was compiled by Johnson.44.“ISBN”, which stands for ____________, is an initialism often seen the in back cover ofa book.45.Small words have two features, that is, a ____________ of meanings and functions as well as flexibility of usage.46.There are two types of collocations in English, that is, ____________collocation and lexical collocation.47.Old English is a ____________ language, while modern English is mainly an analytic language.48.The variants of the same morpheme are called ____________.49.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.50.____________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word has two or more different meanings.IV. Correct the errors in the following statements with the help of your English-Englishdictionary. Each statement contains only ONE error. (20 points)51.His urge to go is held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest.52.The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students correct one another’s papers.53.I never regretted not to accept his offer, for it was not where my interest lay.54.She may be lacking experience, but she learns quickly.55.We are all astonished to learn that the apparently respectful professor was really a spy.56.She concerns her son’s safety.57.The water is feeling warm.58.What I did was to know the language.59.The teacher is being confused.60.The patron is owning the house.V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (10 points)61.What’s the difference between radiation and concatenation?62.What’s onomatopoeia? Does it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?VI. Analyze and comment on the following questions. (20 points)63.Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.“Get me an avodogo, please”, Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.64.Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery。

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《词汇学》练习试题02PART ONE Multiple Choice（15%）DIRECTIONS: Altogether there are 15 statements in this section. Beneath each statement there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the statement. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Morphology is the study about ___B____.A. words’ soundB. words’ formC. words’ meaningD. words’ collocation2. ____D__ has devoted much of his life to the construction of CL, that is, cognitive linguistics.认知语言学A. PlatoB. ChomskyC. SaussureD. Lakoff3. All the words in the following items are complex words except _____C_.A. cut-throatB. valuableC. wearD. runaway4. Negro, a(n) __A____ in American English, means a black man.A. taboo 禁忌B. euphemism委婉语C. jargon 行话D. colloquialism白话5. _D_____ had been the temporary official language in the UK Island in the 11-12th centuries.A. ChineseB. NorseC. DutchD. French6. The word bazaar from Persian is regarded as a kind of __B____.A. denizenB. alienC. translation loanD. semantic loan7. The following underlined morphemes in the words are all bound morphemes except __B____.A. teachingB. man-madeC. humanismD. assistance8. In shorting, there are various forms for the shortened words, and “dorm” belongs to ___C___.A. initialismB. acronymC. clippingD. blending9. The word “fame” in the sentence “He came to this city seeking money and fame.” refers to its __B____ meaning.A. stylisticB. affectiveC. socialD. reflected10. The word “face” is defined as “the surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear” in the dictionary. Which of the following shows the central meaning ofA. What this generation must do is to face its problems.B. Don't show your face on my property again.C. We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.D. The young girl offered a sweet kiss on his face.11. The word “busyboy” used to refer to a busy person, but now it refers to any officious and meddlesome person, so “busyboy” has undergone ______ in its change of meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. euphemismD. degradation12. The idiom “a black sleep” is a kind of _____ idioms in nature.A. nominalB. adjectivalC. verbalD. adverbial13. LDCE is a kind of ______.A. dictionaryB. thesaurusC. corpusD. vocabulary14. In Old English, most words have ______.A. few word endingsB. no word endingsC. many word endingsD. few grammatical functions15. Which of the following groups of antonyms belongs to the same type of antonym with “alive /dead”?A. present /absentB. young /oldC. parents /childrenD. cop /thiefPART TWO Terms （5%）DIRECTIONS: In this part of the test, there are 5 terms from lexicology. Choose the right words or phrases from the list given below to best explain these terms. Write the proper answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. The branch of linguistics that deals with the lexical component of language.B. The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word and provides the basis from which a word is derived by adding affixes or inflectional endings or by phonetic change.C. The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive, such as “pass away” for “die”.D. The data bank of e-textsE. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.16. syntax ( )17. corpus ( )18. root ( )19. euphemism ( )20. lexicology ( )PART THREE Morphemes （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 morphemes in this section. You are required to find the appropriate meaning for each morpheme and write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.The possible meanings of morphemes:A. femaleB. metalC. offD. too muchE. a littleF. negativeG. takeH. threeI. smallest J. chief21. tripod ( ) 22. minibus ( )23. receive ( ) 24. archetype ( )25. antiwar ( ) 26. deoxygenate ( )27. reddish ( ) 28. uranium ( )29. overwork ( ) 30. millionaires ( )PART FOUR Word Formation （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 underlined words in this section. You are required to find the appropriate method to form the underlined words given below. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. shorteningB. suffixationC. prefixationD. compoundE. conversionF. reduplicationG. borrowing H. onomatopoeia I. metaphorical shift J. proper names31. Don’t make a pig of yourself even though you feel very hungry.32. There are some go-go industries such as micro-processing and laser technology.33. D-day refers to the unnamed day on which an operation or offensive is to be launched, especially June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II.34. This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.35. It is time-wasting to set about doing this business.36. The little boys head forward to the remote village.37. This helps us to know better about the Middle East bazaar.38. The birds chirp softly, sounding almost like young pups.39. The Christian heaven can be seen as a sort of spiritual utopia.40. Could you consult your parents about the question?PART FIVE Sense relations （10%）required to pick out the right group of words to show the same sense relations in each pair of words, and write down the appropriate choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. AGREE: DENYA. true: falseB. live: dieC. marry: divorceD. tall: short42. GIGANTIC: ENORMOUSA. hospitable: hostileB. numerous: countableC. terrific: wonderfulD. respectable: disdainful43. SUCCESS: FAILUREA. win: loseB. happiness: wealthC. care: loveD. victory: triumph44. CAMERA: PICTUREA. television: remoteB. VCR: expertiseC. duplicator: carbonD. projector: movie45. FATHER: MOTHERA. right: wrongB. teacher: studentC. north: southD. east: west46. ROSE: LOVEA. dove: peaceB. dark: pitchC. pig: swineD. cat: tigerA. cooker: ovenB. cupboard: trunkC. television: radioD. jug: water48. SCHOOL: EDUCATIONA. hospital: patientB. office: duplicatorC. Hotel: lobbyD. restaurant: food49. SURPRISE: ASTONISHA. little: smallB. fearful: terribleC. busy: business D: happy: joyful50. COP: POLICEMANA. fame: prestigeB. detective: suspectC. bull: cowD. teacher: knowledgePART SIX English Idioms （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 idiomatic phrases listed in this section. You are required to fill in the blanks with these phrases to show the same rhetorical features with the one before them. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. safe and sound: ( 51 ) ( 52 )B. pass away: ( 53 ) ( 54 )C. eat like a horse: ( 55 ) ( 56 )D. here and there: ( 57 ) ( 58 )E. shed crocodile tears: ( 59 ) ( 60 )PART SEVEN Affixes（10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 words in this part of the test. You are required to add a prefix or suffix to the word to show its opposite meaning. Write the right answer (the whole word) on the ANSWER SHEET.Example: patient (impatient)61. logic ( ) 62. moral ( )63. regular ( ) 64. traditional ( )65. use ( ) 66. connect ( )67. fortune ( ) 68. sufficient ( )69. grade ( ) 70. peace ( )PART EIGHT Applications of lexicology（30%）DIRECTIONS: There are 6 questions or statements in this part of the test. Answer these questions or narrate the statements according to what you’ve learned from lexicology. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.71. Analyze the formation of the word “durables” in terms of root, ste m, and affix, and express the changes of meaning.72. Join one word in group A with another in group B to make a possible compound according to the words below. Note: each word will be used only ONCE, and you’re required to form only five compounds in this part of the test.Group A: r ed green blue white darkGroup B: eyed blooded haired handed minded73. Try to analyze the following words in terms of semantic opposition or componential analysis, that is, [±HUMAN] [±ADULT] [±MALE]. EXAMPLE: man [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [+MALE]A. womanB. girl74. Analyze the ambiguity in the following sentence. (at least two possible meanings for the sentence)He drove the man to the bank.75. List five synonyms of the word “look”. Here is an example: glare76. Use both ways (affixes and antonym) to find out the words that display the opposite meaning. Write the answer on the answer sheet.true ( untrue ) ( false )agree ( ) ( )perfect ( ) ( )tidy ( ) ( )polite ( ) ( )《词汇学》练习试题02参考答案：一、每小题1分，共15分（1-15题）BDCAD BBCBD DAACA二、每小题1分，共5分（16-20题）EDBCA三、每小题1分，共10分（21-30题）HIGJF CEBDA四、每小题1分，共10分（31-40题）IFABD EGHJC五、每小题1分，共10分（41-50题）DCADB AADBA六、每小题1分，共10分（51-60题）51. toss and turn 52. slow and sure 53. go to heaven 54. kick the bucket 55. sleep like a log 56. as tricky as a monkey57. pros and cons 58. far and near59. a paper tiger 60. an old fox七、每小题1分，共10分（61-70题）61. illogic 62. immoral63. irregular 64. nontraditional65. useless 66. disconnect67. misfortune 68. insufficient69. degrade 70. anti-peace八、每小题5分，共30分（71-76题）71. dur (root) + -able (suffix) →durable (stem, adj.) + conversion →durable (stem, n.) + -s (inflectional affix, plural form) →durables72. red-handed, green-eyed, blue-blooded, white-haired, dark-minded73. A. woman [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [- MALE]B. girl [+HUMAN] [- ADULT] [- MALE]74. He drove the man to the bank so that he could catch the last ship.He drove the man to the bank so that he could save the money in time.75. look: stare, peer, peep, glimpse, glance, peek, glare, gaze76. agree ( disagree ) ( deny )perfect ( imperfect ) ( faulty )tidy ( untidy ) ( disorderly )polite ( impolite ) ( rude )happy ( unhappy ) ( sad )。

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

Test 2I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines 词汇学题目_文库下载/doc/26fe481ca300a6c30c229f93.html and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot。

I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions.（每题1分，共10分）1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use.2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________.3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____；_______； _____.4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________.5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________.6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________， ________ and ________.7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word.8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________.9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning.10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（每题1分，共10分）1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （）2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （）4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （）5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （）6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （）8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （）9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （）10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （）III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket.（每题2分，共20分）1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern）2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly）3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness）4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary）5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary）6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference）7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty）8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed）9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten）10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited）IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分）take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down；hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin.2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved，and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people.4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie.6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was ______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country.11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______a circus.12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law.13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade.16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about.VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分）1. What is extra - linguistic context？2. What is back - formation？I.1. common； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East； India.4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.5. attached； inflectional； derivational.6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.7. grammatically； semantically.8. monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6. similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffixes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition，reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1. tore apart2. called for3. built up4. set off5. sand in6. lived through7. counting on8. put out9. bought off10. drying up11. taken on12. drawn up13. broke into14. setting down15. bite into16. holding on to17. went about18. brought up19. let out20. make outVI.1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage constant struggle against the management， are expected to say， shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different duties and responsibilities. In China，however， the term has quite a different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns； compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back - formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false（每小题1分，共10分）1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user.10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text（每小题1分，共8分）1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______；_____； ________.2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____， ______ and _______.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words，affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____.5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles： ________ and _______.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as ______ and ________.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小题1分，共16）1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。

I. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T II. 1. a minimal free from of a language； a sound unity； a unit of meaning； a form that can function alone in a sentence 2. logical 3. word - formation； affixation； compounding； conversion 4. word - forming； derivational affixes； prefixation； suffixation 5. monosemic； polysemy 6. diachronic approach； synchronic approach 7. radiation； concatenation 8. sound； spelling； meaning III. 1. steed 2. gee - gee 3. ripe 4. mature 5. effective 6. efficient 7. fatigued， children 8. tired， kids 9. declined 10. refused 11. rancid 12. addled 13. Penalties 14. fines 15. rebuked 16. accused IV. 1. Word： The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. Reference： Reference is the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference， a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about In other words， only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent does the sign become meaningful. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Although reference is a kind of abstraction， yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific. 3. Semantic field： The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas， some large， others smaller. Viewing the total meaning n this way is the basis of field theory. According to Trier's vision of fields， the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields. Words in each field are semantically related and define one another. It is a general brief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself， but it rather spreads over the semantic field and help pin down the meaning. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change： old items drop out， new items come in， and as the new replace the old， so the internal relations of the whole set alter. Another point worth noting is that the semantic field of the same concept may not have the same members in different languages. 4. Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries： Monolingual dictionaries are written in one language. That is the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language. The monolingual dictionary is rather a late development because the earliest dictionaries were all bilingual. Bilingual dictionaries involve two languages. The main entries are generally defined or explained in the same language with translations； Another kind of bilingual dictionary is in which the Chinese words and expressions are translated into English. V. 1. R 2. I 3. E 4. A 5. M 6. G 7. P 8. J 9. B 10. K 11. S 12. C 13. O 14. F 15. H 16. T 17. L 18. N 19. Q 20. D VI. 1. （1） Old English （450 ~ 1150）。

词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一)I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets. (30%) 1. English lexicology embraces morphology, semantics,______ stylistics and lexicography.A. etymologyB. pragmaticsC. syntax .D. phonology ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______.A. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______.A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has______ morphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. dorm for “dormitory”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television” ( )9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically ( ) 10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning ( ) 11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______.A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet ( ) 12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded ( )113. The idiom “scream and shout” is a good example of ______.A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition ( ) 14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except ______.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure ( ) 15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonological ( ) II. Complete the sentences with the proper words from the course book. (15%) 1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given __________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ____________________ language (Old English) to the present analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ___________________ morphemes.4. A ________________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the_________________ of the Roman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as ____________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _________________ andarbitrary. 9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of __________________ inclusion. 10. The same word may have different ___________________ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing.”11. Synonyms may differ in the ___________________ and intensity of meaning. 12. The word “famous” is ___________________, but the word “notorious” isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and ______________________ stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into ____________________ context and grammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both _____________________ dictionaries.III(Decide whether the following statements are true or false andthen put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )24. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words. ( )5. The word“miniskirt” is a semantically motivated word. ( ) 6. There is a reversative prefix in the word “unwrap”. ( )7. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms. ( )8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “shorter”. ( )9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( ) 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. ( )11. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, soit has undergone degradation of meaning. . ( ) 12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( ) 13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, only resulting in synonymous idioms. ( ) 14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes. ( ) 15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. ( ) IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?33. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?4V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer place.5《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)参考答案I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.65. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题2. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called7Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivationalaffixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on. 5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.82) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.9。

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。

12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。

13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。

14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。

15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。

三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。

19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。

五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。

（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。

lexicology2词汇学练习及答案Test of Lexicology 2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Which words belong to the functional words ( A )A. prepositions, auxiliaries, conjunctionsB. articles, adjectives, pronounsC. adverbs, conjunctions, nounsD. prepositions, auxiliaries, verbs2. ___ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.（ C ）A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds3. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be( C ). A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound4. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( C ) morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound5. Which of the following is NOT true ( B )A. A word is a soundunityB. A word has a given meaningC. A word is the smallest form of a languageD. A word can be used freely in a sentence6. The following words have derivational affixes Except________.( D )A.subseaB. prewarC.postwarD. desks7. Which of the following is not a compound ( B )A. swimming poolB. king-heartedC. greenhouseD. International8. The suffix “-tion” is a ____ suffix. ( D )A.adjectiveB. verbC.adverbD. noun9. From the sentenc es “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as________. ( C )A.affixationB. compoundingC.conversionD. acronymy10. “mis-“ in “misunderstand” is a ____________ prefix. ( C )A．negative B. pejorative C. reversative D. locative11. Which of the following is not a major word-formation process ( D )A. CompoundingB. DerivationC. ConversionD. Coinage12. “Anti-” in “antihero” means______. ( A )A. “against”B. “unconventional”C. “of or belonging to the hypothetical world of antimatter”D. “not”13. “-able” in “fashionable” is a(an) _____ suffix. ( D )A. denominalB. deadjectivalC. deverbalD. noun-formingII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.1. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and ____derivational______affixes.2. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ___affixes______.3. Words may fall into ___content _____words and functional words by notion.4. Generally, prefixes only modify the ___lexical meaning_____of the stem.5. Sometimes a word may undergo ____multiple______ conversion, which enables it to function as a member of several word-classes.6. Affixation can be subdivided into ____prefixation_________ and ____suffixation________.III. Term explanation/doc/46655137.html,pounding Compounding is a word-formation progress consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.2.Derivation Derivation is generally defined as word-formationprocess by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Derivation may be defined as process of forming new words by the additional of word element, such as prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.3.Conversion Conversion is a word formation process whereby a word ofa certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-classwithout the addition of an affix.4.Word-formation rules The rules of word-formation define the scopeand method whereby speakers of a language may create new word.。