上海外国语大学642普通语言学基础2015考研专业课真题

汉语国际教育硕士（汉语基础）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 汉语语言学基础知识汉语语言学基础知识填空题1．汉语表示语法意义手段主要是通过虚词和_______方式。

(北京大学)正确答案：语序2．“要”“肯”“应该”“赶”这一类词应属于_______词。

(北京大学)正确答案：能愿动词3．代词可以分为人称代词、指示代词和_______三种。

(北京大学)正确答案：疑问代词4．“热腾腾”“冷飕飕”这一类词都属于_______形容词。

(北京大学)正确答案：状态形容词5．“即便”在复词中表示的是_______关系。

(北京大学)正确答案：假设6．句子成分中的“独立语”按照其表意作用大概可以分为称呼语、_______、感叹语、拟声语四种类型。

(北京大学)正确答案：插入语7．汉语的虚词可以细分为介词、连词、助词和_______。

(北京大学)正确答案：语气词8．汉语的多层定语中，最外层一般是表示_______关系的词语。

(北京大学) 正确答案：领属关系9．从意义和作用划分，词可以分为_______两类。

(北京师范大学)正确答案：实词、虚词10．英语中用数词修饰名词，汉语中数词加名词，中间常加入_______来修饰名词。

(北京语言大学)正确答案：量词判断题11．词根都是自由语素。

(北京师范大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：A解析：能够独立成词，也能够同别的语素组合成词语的语素叫自由语素。

例如：人——人民、人类、人生、众人、强人。

词根包括成词语素和不定位不成词语素。

12．“偏偏”和“反正”都是语气副词。

(北京师范大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：A13．“即使……也……”是条件关系。

(北京师范大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B解析：假设关系。

14．“头儿”“儿女”中的“儿”是词缀。

(上海外国语大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B解析：“头儿”中“儿”是词缀，“儿女”中“儿”是词根。

15．合成词是由两个语素构成的，词组是由两个以上的语素构成的。

2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题（三）汉语写作与百科知识
一、填空题
1、元太祖铁木真是草原上的英雄，蒙古人称他为_____
2、计量单位石，1石是____，它的读音是____
3、药石中的石是指____，即针石
4、南北朝中南朝经历了四个朝代____、____、____、____
5、____、____、____、____是戏曲中的四个基本功
7、令爱，令嫒是指___
6、函陷和芙蕖是指____
7、程颢程颐是心学集大成者，南宋的____是理学的集大成者
二、成语解释，释义，标明出处并造句
1、破釜沉舟
2、负荆请罪
3、韦编三绝
4、想当然
5、围魏救赵
三、阅读文章并写读后感（不少于1000字）
关于十八大四中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》的一篇政治性文章的读后感
以上就是2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士的考研真题，希望对大家有所帮助，更多资料，请关注凯程教育。

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础判断题专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．符号的形式和意义之间存在必然的联系。

(对外经济贸易大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B2．en(嗯)、ie(也)、e(饿)三个音节中的e实际发音虽有相同，但它们属于不同音位。

(上海外国语大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：A3．普通话声母g、k、h不能跟齐齿呼与合口呼的韵母相拼。

(上海外国语大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B4．合成词是由两个语素构成的，词组是由两个以上的语素构成的。

(上海外国语大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B解析：两个或两个以上的语素构成的词叫合成词；词组：两个或更多词的组合(区别于单词)，如“新社会，打扫干净，破除迷信”，也叫短语。

5．“有个小村子叫中国最美渔村”是主谓句。

(厦门大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：A6．汉字的偏旁和部件不是完全对应的。

(厦门大学)A．正确B．错误正确答案：A解析：偏旁，合体字的构字部件。

以前称合体字的左方为“偏”，右方为“旁”；现在把合体字的组成部分统称为“偏旁”。

部件是由笔画组成的具有组配汉字功能的构字单位，小于或等于偏旁。

7．汉字形体演变的总趋势是简化。

A．正确B．错误正确答案：A8．“老王、老师、老鼠”是前加式派生词。

A．正确B．错误正确答案：A9．“凹、母、臼”的笔画数都是六画。

( )A．正确B．错误正确答案：B10．隶书有秦隶和汉隶两种。

A．正确B．错误正确答案：A11．“他看不见前途，只看到眼前利益，被大家称为‘近视眼’。

”这句话中的‘近视眼’是比喻义。

A．正确B．错误正确答案：A12．汉字的结构单位有笔画、部件、部首，其中部首具有字形归类的作用。

(扬州大学2017)A．正确B．错误正确答案：B解析：现行的汉字结构单位有两级：一是笔画，二是部件。

部首是字书中各部的首字，具有字形归类作用。

大部分部首是汉字的部件。

知识模块：汉字13．“及”字共4笔，第1笔是“丿”。

上海外国语大学考研翻硕MTI2015年真题回忆版分享第一部分：英语基础一、Filling following blanks with a word.Nicholas Kristof is a New York Times columnist.©2014/the new york timesAmerican Dream is Leaving AmericaThe best escalator to opportunity in the US is education. But a new study underscores that the escalator is broken.We expect each generation to do better, but, currently, more young American men have less education (29%) than their parents than have more education (20%).Among young Americans whose parents didn’t gr aduate from high school, only 5% make it through college themselves. In other rich countries, the figure is 23%.The US is devoting billions of dollars to compete with Russia militarily, but maybe we should try to compete educationally. Russia now has the largest percentage of adults with a university education of any industrialized country—a position once held by the US, although we’re plunging in that roster.These figures come from the annual survey of education from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD,and it should be a shock to Americans. A basic element of the American dream is equal access to education as the lubricant of social and economic mobility. But the American dream seems to have emigrated because many countries do better than the US in educational mobility, according to the OECD study.As recently as 2000, the US still ranked second in the share of the population with a college degree. Now we have dropped to fifth. Among 25-to-34-year-olds—a glimpse of how we will rank in the future—we rank 12th, while once-impoverished South Korea tops the list.A new Pew survey finds that Americans consider the greatest threat to our country to be the growing gap between the rich and poor. Yet we have constructed an education system, dependent on local property taxes, that provides great schools for the rich kids in the suburbs who need the least help, and broken, dangerous schools for inner-city children who desperately need a helping hand.Too often, the US’s education sy stem amplifies not opportunity but inequality. My dad was a World War II refugee who fled Ukraine and Romania and eventually made his way to France. He spoke perfect French, and Paris would have been a natural place to settle. But he felt that France was stratified and would offer little opportunity to a penniless Eastern European refugee, or even to his children a generation later, so he set out for the US. He didn’t speak English, but, on arrival in 1951, hebought a copy of the Sunday edition of The New York Times and began to teach himself—and then he worked his way through Reed College and the University of Chicago, earning a PhD and becoming a university professor.He rode the American dream to success; so did his only child. But while he was right in 1951 to bet on opportunity in the US rather than Europe, these days he would perhaps be wrong. Researchers find economic and educational mobility are now greater in Europe than in the US.That’s particularly sad because, as my Times colleague Eduardo Port er noted last month, egalitarian education used to be the US’s strong suit. European countries excelled at first-rate education for the elites, but the US led the way in mass education.By the mid-1800s, most American states provided a free elementary education to the great majority of white children. In contrast, as late as 1870, only 2% of British 14-year-olds were in school.Then the US was the first major country, in the 1930s, in which a majority of children attended high school. By contrast, as late as 1957, only 9% of 17-year-olds in Britain were in school.Until the 1970s, we were pre-eminent in mass education, and Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz of Harvard University argue powerfully that this was the secret to the US’s economic rise. Then we blew it, and the latest OECD report underscores how the rest of the world is eclipsing us.In effect, the US has become 19th-century Britain: We provide superb education for elites, but we falter at mass education.In particular, we fail at early education. Across the OECD, an average of 70% of 3-year-olds are enrolled in education programmes. In the US, it’s 38%.In some quarters, there’s a perception that American teachers are lazy. But the OECD report indicates that American teachers work far longer hours than their counterparts abroad. Yet American teachers earn 68% as much as the average American college-educated worker, while the OECD average is 88%.Fixing the education system is the civil rights challenge of our era. A starting point is to embrace an ethos that was born in the US but is now an expatriate: that we owe all children a fair start in life in the form of access to an education escalator.Let’s fix the escalator.二、Answer following questions1、Why did the author’s father leave for America?2、What is educational mobility like in Europe?3、According to Claudia Goldin, what is the secret to the US’s economic rise?4、What is the 19th-century Britain education like?5、According to the author, how to fix the problem of American educationsystem?三、WritingWrite a response essay:Would we be better off without religion?Write in the format why or why not第二部分：英语翻译基础一、write a description of future city based on the following passage.As much as the Internet has already changed the world, it is the Web’s next phase that will bring the biggest opportunities, revolutionizing the way we live, work, play, and learn.That next phase, which some call the Internet of Things and which we call the Internet of Everything, is the intelligent connection of people, processes, data, and things. Although it once seemed like a far-off idea, it is becoming a reality for businesses, governments, and academic institutions worldwide. Today, half the world’s population has access to the Internet; by 2020, two-thirds will be connected. Likewise, some 13.5 billion devices are connected to the Internet today; by 2020, we expect that number to climb to 50 billion. The things that are—and will be—conne cted aren’t just traditional devices, such as computers, tablets, and phones, but also parking spaces and alarm clocks, railroad tracks, street lights, garbage cans, and components of jet engines.All of these connections are already generating massive amounts ofdigital data—and it doubles every two years. New tools will collect and share that data (some 15,000 applications are developed each week!) and, with analytics, that can be turned into information, intelligence, and even wisdom, enabling everyone to make better decisions, be more productive, and have more enriching experiences.And the value that it will bring will be epic. In fact, the Internet of Everything has the potential to create $19 trillion in value over the next decade. For the global private sector, this equates to a 21 percent potential aggregate increase in corporate profits—or $14.4 trillion. The global public sector will benefit as well, using the Internet of Everything as a vehicle for the digitization of cities and countries. This will improve efficiency and cut costs, resulting in as much as $4.6 trillion of total value. Beyond that, it will help (and already is helping) address some of the world’s most vexing challenges: aging and growing populations rapidly moving to urban centers; growing demand for increasingly limited natural resources; and massive rebalancing in economic growth between briskly growing emerging market countries and slowing developed countries. PHYSICAL LIMITSMore than half of the world’s population now lives i n or near a major urban area, and the move toward ever-greater urbanization shows no signs of slowing. According to the United Nations, the global population is expected to grow from seven billion today to 9.3 billion by 2050, andthe world’s cities will h ave to accommodate about 70 percent more residents.The traditional ways of dealing with the influx—simply adding more physical infrastructure—won’t work, given limited resources and space. New ways of incorporating technology will be required to provide urban services, whether it’s roads, water, electricity, gas, work spaces, schools, or healthcare. In the future, there will be less emphasis on physical connections and more on access to virtual connections.Cities also face budgetary challenges, battling rising costs and shrinking resources. The world’s cities account for 70 percent of greenhouse-gas emissions, and according to UN-HABITAT, energy-related costs are one of the biggest municipal budget items. Technology could provide a simple fix just by updating aging street lighting systems. That would also improve citizen safety and create a more favorable environment for business investments.There are similar issues in many of the world’s water systems, with aging pipes in desperate need of replacing. For instance, the United States’ water infrastructure is near the end of its lifecycle with approximately 240,000 water main breaks each year. The cost of fixing this crumbling infrastructure could exceed $1 trillion over the next 25 years, assuming that all pipes are replaced. By placing networked sensors in water mains and underground pipe systems as they are repaired and replaced, citiescould more effectively monitor and better anticipate future leaks and other potential problems as the infrastructure is upgraded.More people also means more waste. The amount of municipal solid waste generated around the world is expected to reach 2.2 billion tons by 2025—up from 1.3 billion in 2012. Globally, solid waste management costs will rise to about$375.5 billion by 2025, according to predictions by the World Bank. Once again, the Internet of Everything offers ways to better manage and reduce these costs. For example, sensors in residential and commercial garbage containers could alert a city waste management system when they are full. Each morning, the drivers would receive their optimized route to empty the full containers. Compared to today’s fixed-route system, the new system could save millions of dollars by increasing efficiencies and worker productivity.The intelligent and efficient stewardship of growing cities must take top priority. And there, we are convinced that the Internet of Everything will bring one of the most significant technology transitions since the birth of the Internet. Connections between things and people, supported by networked processes, will enable everyone to turn data into actionable information that can be used to do things that weren’t possible before, or to do them better. We can more quickly discover patterns and trends; we can predict and prepare for anything from bus or assembly line breakdowns to natural disasters and quick surges in product demand.PUBLIC GOODPerhaps surprisingly, the public sector has been the most effective and innovative early adopter when it comes to making use of the Internet of Everything, especially in major metropolitan areas. New and innovative solutions are already transforming green fields and rundown urban centers into what we call Smart + Connected Communities, or Smart Cities. According to IHS Technology, the total number of Smart Cities will quadruple from 21 to 88 between 2013 and 2025. At Cisco, we are engaged with more than 100 cities in different stages of Smart City development.By definition, Smart Cities are those that integrate information communications technology across three or more functional areas. More simply put, a Smart City is one that combines traditional infrastructure (roads, buildings, and so on) with technology to enrich the lives of its citizens. Creative platforms and killer apps have helped reduce traffic, parking congestion, pollution, energy consumption, and crime. They have also generated revenue and reduced costs for city residents and visitors. For instance, one-third of the world’s streetlights use technology from the 1960s. Cities that update aging systems with networked motion-detection lights save administrative and management time as well as electricity and costs—as much as 70–80 percent, according to an independent, global trial of LED technology. By using such energy-saving technologies, citiescan drastically lower their municipal expenditures on electricity. Cisco estimates that smart street lighting initiatives can also reduce area crime by seven percentbecause of better visibility and more content citizenry. Further, connected light poles can serve as wireless networking access points, enabling citizens and city managers to take advantage of pervasive connectivity. And networked sensors incorporated into utility lines could help reduce costs for both consumers and providers, with meters being ―read‖ remotely, and much more accurately. Cities such as Nice, France are already implementing smart lighting, which monitors lamp intensity and traffic sensors to reduce car theft, assaults, and even home burglary. These light ing initiatives are also expected to reduce the city’s energy bill by more than $8 million.Smart Cities are also saving energy indoors. Buildings outfitted with intelligent sensors and networked management systems can collect and analyze energy-use data. Such technologies have the potential to reduce energy consumption and cut costs by $100 billion globally over the next decade.Thanks to higher traffic, cities generate more than 67 percent of greenhouse gases released into our atmosphere. Experts predict that this figure will rise to 74 percent by 2030. In the United States alone, traffic congestion costs $121 billion a year in wasted time and fuel. Incredibly, drivers looking for a parking space cause 30 percent of urban congestion,not to mention pollution. To overcome this problem, the city of San Carlos, California has embedded networked sensors into parking spaces that relay to drivers real-time information about—and directions to—available spots. This program has helped reduce congestion, pollution, and fuel consumption. Moreover, parking fees can be dynamically adjusted for peak times, which generates more revenue for cities.Cities can also integrate sensors that collect and share real-time data about public transportation systems to improve traffic flow and better monitor the use of buses and trains, giving them the ability to adjust route times and frequency of stops based on changing needs. This alone will cut costs and bring new efficiencies. Mobile apps that aggregate the information, meanwhile, can help citizens track delays or check pick-up times for a more seamless commute. Barcelona, Spain has already changed the typical experience of waiting for a bus by deploying smart bus stops, where citizens can use touchscreen monitors to view up-to-date bus schedules, maps, locations for borrowing city-owned bikes, and local businesses and entertainment.Innovative municipal leaders understand the Internet of Everything’s incredible promise. In fact, these days, the most innovative cities have their own chief information officers or even chief digital officers.二、Write a summary of the following passage in English.树立高度的文化自信，讲好中国故事博大精深的传统文化、丰富多彩的民族文化、独具特色的红色文化、充满生机的当代文化——中华民族创造的文化,是我们引以为豪的软实力,也是我们文化自信的底气所在。

2009年上海外国语大学语言学及应用语言学专业课真题（回忆版）现代汉语一，判断（10'）1，北方方言是普通话基础方言是因为它的词汇丰富2，“节省”的“省”和“浙江省”的“省”是同音词3，“子女，子弹，棍子，裤子”的子是定位语素其他的不记得了二，填空（10'）1，方言差异中（语音）差别最大，其次是（词汇）2，辅音声母有（）个3，是一个词问你几个语素的，不记得是什么词了4，汉语规范化的四定，（定音），定形（定量），（定序）5，我国第一部语法著作是（）写的（）。

6，“他不是老实，是愚蠢。

”是（并列）复句。

三，选择（20'）1，哪一项不是发元音时的特征，（选元音气流强，因为元音气流是弱的）2，哪一项体现了词义的模糊性（黄色是靠近红色的黄色，还是靠近绿色的黄色）这个答案体现了词义模糊性，这是我选的3，“在世界杯上，运动员奋力拼搏，龙腾虎跃，为什么什么增添了气氛。

”（是这个结构，具体词不记得），问是主谓谓语句还是单个复句还是多重复句4，哪一个是兼语句5，哪一个是连动句其他而不记得了，等想起来我再补充四，举例说明下列名词（20分）1，语音的四要素2，词根和词缀3，描写语法4，基本词汇5，语义特征分析五，30分（好几种题型，有注音，填字，改错字，层次分析，构词方式）1，给下列字注音暂时的暂，辍学的辍，隽永的隽，酗酒的酗，还有不记得了2，填字万马齐（喑）（恬）不知耻（潸）然泪下（罄）竹难书还有一个不记得3，改错“堪察”改成“勘察”“明枪暗剑”改成“明枪暗箭”“借签”改成“借鉴”“指高气昂”改成“趾高气昂”“姿意”改成“恣意”4，分析下列词的构词方式（6分）口红，道德，打工，割让，借用，人类5，层次分析法分析下列短语（6分）（1）保时保质保量地完成任务（2）派人去通知小王马上来报到六，分析（30分）1，iou,uen,uei在拼写时的省略规则（4分）2，词类的划分标准（下午的语言学一个论述题也是和这个很像的题目）（4分）3，确定语言单位是不是词有哪些判断方法（10分）4，音节，语素，汉字的对应关系（12分）（08一道真题是汉字音形义的对应关系，都是张斌书上的）七，论述（30分）1，试分析二和两的区别（15分）（我记得15讲上有，现汉上好像也提过）2，“动词+了三天了”的句法结构有不同的语义结构，试分析原因。

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础（现代汉语语音）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 汉语语言学基础知识汉语语言学基础知识填空题1．普通话里的四声用五度标记法的调值表示应该是___________。

(北京师范大学2016)正确答案：55、35、214、51解析：表示相对音高，通常的做法是用“五度标记法”。

先用一根竖线作为比较线，分为四格，分别表示“高、半高、中、半低、低”五度，依次用“5、4、3、2、1”来表示。

普通话中四声的调值：阴平55(高gao[kau55])、阳平35(麻ma[ma35])、上声214(考kao[k‘au214])、去声51(字zi[ts‘51])。

知识模块：现代汉语语音2．“想一想”中的“一”的声调是___________。

(北京师范大学2015)正确答案：轻声解析：根据普通话的音调变化规律，“一”在相同的动词中间，读轻声。

知识模块：现代汉语语音3．现代汉语普通话中的去声的调值是___________。

(北京师范大学2015)正确答案：51解析：考查普通话调值。

普通话中的去声即我们平时所说的四声，其调值是51。

知识模块：现代汉语语音4．复韵母un的韵腹是___________。

(北京师范大学2015)正确答案：e解析：复韵母un属于带鼻音韵母，原韵母是uen，中间的“e”被省略，因此这个韵母的韵腹是“e”。

知识模块：现代汉语语音5．汉语辅音ng是舌面后、浊音、___________音。

(北京师范大学2015)正确答案：鼻解析：按照发音部位和发音方法对ng进行描述，ng属于舌面后、浊、鼻音。

知识模块：现代汉语语音6．u或ü开头的韵母属于四呼中的___________。

(北京师范大学2015)正确答案：合口呼解析：韵母为u或以u开头的韵母属于合口呼，如：ua、uo、uai、uei。

知识模块：现代汉语语音7．汉语中有___________个辅音声母。

(北京师范大学2015年)正确答案：21解析：汉语中共有22个辅音，ng不能用作声母，只能用作韵尾，因此辅音声母有21个。

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语言学及应用语言学专业介绍一、本专业是博士学位授予点二、本专业研究方向、研究内容、培养目标本专业有语言学理论研究、句法语义研究、音系学研究、社会语言学研究、计算语言学研究和对外汉语教学理论研究等研究方向。

本专业培养具有扎实的语言学专业知识、独立的科研能力、良好的理论素养、能够从事语言学及应用语言学理论研究的高层次专门人才。

三、专业背景、专业概况、建设成果本专业由老一辈革命家、教育家、语言文字学家吴玉章同志于50年代亲手创建，著名语言学家胡明扬先生曾长期担任本专业的学科带头人，在本专业工作过的老一辈著名学者还有瞿霭堂、谢自立、郭锦桴先生等。

近年来，本专业已顺利完成了学术队伍的新老更替，一批年富力强的中青年学者已担当起学科发展的重任，并取得了丰硕的科研成果，近5年来，发表学术论文153篇，出版学术专著12部，承担国家级和省部级科研项目3项。

贺阳教授的间接语言接触研究和句法语义研究、劲松教授的社会语言学研究、李泉教授的对外汉语教学理论研究、陈满华教授的普通语言学、语法学研究都已产生一定的学术影响。

本专业已完成和正在承担的国家或省部级研究项目主要有“北京话研究”、“现代汉语词类研究”、“汉藏语言研究的理论和方法”、“智能化中文信息处理平台?名词槽关系研究”、“间接语言接触的个案调查与理论研究”、“面向对外汉语教学的汉语语体研究”、“汉语国际推广研究”、“高校母语教育的问题与对策”等。

本专业1981年即首批获得硕士学位授予权，至今已招收培养30届、150多名硕士研究生，从2007年开始招收博士研究生，目前在读博士生10余名，已获得博士学位的8名。

汉语国际教育硕士（汉语基础）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 汉语语言学基础知识汉语语言学基础知识填空题1．在春秋时代，汉族的民族共同语被称为“雅言”，从汉代起被称为_______。

(北京大学)正确答案：通语2．20世纪的_______运动，在口语方面增强了北京话的代表性。

(北京大学) 正确答案：国语运动3．北方方言可分为四个次方言：华北东北方言、西北方言、西南方言和_______。

(山东大学)正确答案：江淮方言4．汉族早在先秦时代就存在着汉民族共同语。

在春秋时代，这种共同语被称为“雅言”，从汉代起，称为“通语”，明代改称为_______。

(复旦大学) 正确答案：官话5．汉语有_______个方言区，苏州话属于_______方言区。

(上海外国语大学)正确答案：七吴6．现代汉语普通话以典范的现代的白话文著作为_______。

(苏州大学)正确答案：语法规范7．世界上使用人口最多的语言是_______。

(苏州大学)正确答案：汉语8．汉语在海外影响最大的三种方言是闽方言、_______和_______。

(苏州大学)正确答案：客家方言粤方言9．海外华人使用最多的方言之一是_______方言。

(上海大学)正确答案：粤语解析：客家方言、粤方言、闽方言通行于海外华人地区，美洲华人地区几乎90％以上通用粤语。

10．典型的吴方言是_______。

(上海大学)正确答案：苏州话11．普通话辅音_______只能充当韵尾不能作声母。

(厦门大学)正确答案：ng12．在普通话中，b是双唇、不送气、清、塞音，它的国际音标是_______。

(复旦大学)正确答案：[p]13．上声在非上声前面调值从214变成_______。

(复旦大学)正确答案：2114．现代汉语中d、t发音的不同之处在于，前者_______，后者_______。

(上海外国语大学)正确答案：不送气送气15．普通话鼻辅音中不能作韵尾的是_______。

上海外国语大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试
外国语言学及应用语言学专业
外国语言学及应用语言学理论试题
（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共2页）
一、汉语部分（共105分）
Ⅰ. 术语解释（5×3，共15分）
本部分为5个语言学术语，请解释其定义及含义，必要时可举例说明。

1.语言任意性
2.韵律特征
3.社会方言
4.言语事件
5.语言潜势
Ⅱ. 问答题（6×15，共90分）
本部分为6道问答题，请就所给的问题做简短回答，有必要时请具体举例说明。

1.索绪尔对现代语言学的主要贡献是什么？
2.请说明什么是宏观语言学及其分类，必要时可以列举其代表。

3.请简要介绍美国社会语言学家海姆斯“交际语言能力”理论的主要内容。

4.什么是转换生成语法？请简要介绍。

5.什么是语言同化？试举例说明语言同化的分类。

6.什么是应用语言学，请简要说明它与语言学的关系。

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