情态动词表推测的用法
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情态动词表推测的用法
表示推测的情态动词有must, could, may, might, can, should等。
“情态动词+不定式一般式” 表示对现在或将来的推测,“情态动词+不定式
进行式”表示对正在进行的动作或事情的推测,“情态动词+不定式完成式”
表示对过去的推测。
一、must表示推测的用法
must表示推测时,只用于肯定句,表示很大的可能性,意为“一定,准是,
必然会”。其否定形式是 can’t/couldn’t (不可能)。例如:
1. You haven’t eaten anything since this morning; you must be hungry.
2. That can’t be Mary — she’s in hospital.
二、can/could表示推测的用法
1. can表示推测时,多用于肯定句和疑问句。当用于肯定句时,指“有时可
能会”,是理论上的可能,其时间意义宽泛不具体。例如: Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 2. could表示推测时,既可以用于肯定句,又可以用于疑问句。 例如:
My book has disappeared. Who could have taken it?
3. can’t/couldn’t表示推测时,用于否定句,是语气最强的否定推测,
意为“不可能,一定不(是)”。 例如:
He can’t/couldn’t have seen her there.
4. can/could在疑问句中表示推测时,含有怀疑或疑问的意味,could比can更
不确定。例如:
① Can the news be true?
② Who can it be?
三、may / might表示推测的用法
1. may / might表示推测时,用于肯定句,表示无把握的推测,意为“可能,
或许”。 (might 比may 更加不肯定,更无把握)。例如:
① He may/might be writing a letter now.
② They may have been discussing the problem this morning.
2. may not/ might not表示推测时,用于否定句,表示(无把握的)否定推
测,意为“可能/或许不”。 例如: He looks very happy. He might not have known the result.
四、should表示推测的用法
should表示推测时,表示按常规、常理的推测,即“(正常情况下)按理应
该”,暗含很大的可能性,但语气比must弱。例如:
1. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 2. Three weeks should be enough. 【即学即练】
一、用表示推测的情态动词must, could, may, might, can, should的适当
形式填空。
1. — Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
— She be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
2. — I hear they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
— It be true because there was little snow there. 3. Accidents happen on such rainy days.
4. — How’s your tour around the Noah Lake? Is it beautiful?
— It be, but it is heavily polluted now.
5. He (complete) his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying
himself by the seaside. key:1. must 2. couldn’t 3. can 4. should 5. must have completed
二、翻译下列句子,注意情态动词的推测用法和情态动词后动词的形式。
1. 如果火车准点的话,他们应该到北京了。
2. —站在那里的那个人一定是布朗先生。
—不可能是他,他去纽约了。
3. 他们会把房门钥匙藏到哪儿去呢?
4. 他还没来。你一定忘了通知他开会的时间了。
Key:
1. If the train arrives on time, they should be in Beijing now.
2. — That person standing there must be Mr Brown.
— It can’t be him, because he has gone to New York.
3. Where could they have hidden the key to the room?
4. He hasn’t come yet. You must have forgotten to inform him of the date of the meeting.