虚拟语气 (2)

落堕市安心阳光实验学校第九中学高考英语语法专题复习虚拟语气（2）目的：本单元的语法知识------- 虚拟语气重点：其他形式的虚拟语气。

难点：名词性从句中的虚拟语气。

练一练：填入合适的动词形式。

1.假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。

If I_____ more time ，I ________ ________German.2.要是我象你一样年轻,我就会挑战自己If I______as young as you, I would challenge myself.3如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。

If you _______ ______ him yesterday, he _______ ________ _________ some Suggestions.4如果他明天来，我就会与他谈谈此事。

If he ______ _____ tomorrow, I ______ ______ to him about it.5 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。

If I ______ ____ go abroad, I would go to France.6. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。

If I ______ you, I _______ ____ it again.7.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。

If I ______ one million dollars, I ______ ______ the plane.8.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。

If he ____ ________ hard, he ______ _____ _______ the examination.9.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸If I ____ ________ her, I ______ _____ ______ unhappy.10.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If he _______/ ____________/______________ here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.虚拟语气的其他形式：Ⅰ. wish\\If only\ would rather \ as if (as though), even if (even though) 中的虚拟语气A. I wish\How I wish\If only(要是…就好了，但愿)… 现在did \were将来could\would\should do过去had done1.I wish it ______________(be) spring all the year round.（整年四季如春）2.How I wish you _____________ (go )with us next time.3.If only we _____________(arrive) there two hours earlier.4.If only night __________(be) day.5.If only I _____________(see) my favorite star yesterday.6.I failed the exam again. I wish I ________________(study) harder.7. I wish I ______ to the moon.A. flyB. would flyC. could flyD.flew8.----You haven’t been to Beijing, have you? ----- ______. How I wish to go there!A.Yes, I have.B. Yes, I haven’t.C. No, I have.D.No, Ihaven’t.B. would rather (that)sb + did sth (表示与现在\将来的事实相反be 用were) / had done sth（表示与过去的事实相反）I would rather you __________ (come) tomorrow instead of today.I would rather you ________________(come) yesterday.I would rather you _______________(not see) the film last night . Ⅱ. 由 should +do, 构成的虚拟语气：A．在由一个坚持（insist）, 两道命令（order, command）, 三条建议（advise, suggest, propose,）四项要求（demand, require, request, ask）等词引导的名词性从句中要用should+v，should可以省略。

虚拟语气口诀1、虚拟语气口诀（1）“要”字引导，就用“should”；“可以”字引导，就用“could”。

（2）“必须”字引导，就用“must”；“不能”字引导，就用“needn’t”。

2、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是指表示无法实现的愿望、假设或推测的一种语言形式，通常用于表达虚拟情况或与实际情况相反的句子中。

在虚拟句中，说话人会用虚拟的方式对一件可能假想的事情进行表达，提出愿望，假设或者想象。

3、虚拟语气的形式虚拟语气主要分为两类：一类是虚拟条件句，常用的形式为“would/could/should＋动词原形”；另一类是虚拟祈使句，常用“let＋动词原形”。

1）虚拟条件句：虚拟条件句中多用“should”、“would”、“could’等词，引导的部分句子为一般将来时或一般过去时。

（1）过去虚拟：如果昨天此事发生，就用"If + had + past participle", 例如“If I had known yesterday, I should / would have done it.”（要是我昨天知道了，就会/应该做了）。

（2）现在虚拟：如果这件事现在发生，就用“If + were/should/could + verb”，例如：“If I were / should / could go abroad, I would go to Tokyo.”（要是我现在可以出国，就会去东京）。

2）虚拟祈使句：虚拟祈使句引导语常用“let＋动词原形”，表示劝告、建议等，虚拟语气祈使句又分一般现在时和一般过去时两种。

（1）一般现在时虚拟祈使句：例如：Let us make a good beginning.（让我们做一个好的开始）。

（2）一般过去时虚拟祈使句：例如：Let him have known it yesterday.（要是(他)昨天就知道了就好了）。

4、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在日常生活中广泛运用，例如：（1）表示虚拟情况。

高考英语新虚拟语气知识点分类汇编及解析(2)一、选择题1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it.A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolenC．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen2．You can download it and rewrite your report using your own words you acknowledge where you got your information by attaching a list of websites you got your information from. A．should B．mayC．would D．could3．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.A．Should B．WouldC．Had D．Did4．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now.A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 5．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A．is not started B．will not be startedC．not be started D．is not to be started6．It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet.A．will fight B．fought C．would fight D．fight7．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead.A．were it not for B．if there being noC．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for8．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.A．need have done B．must have doneC．can have done D．might have done9．I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh. How I wish I ________ ill yesterday！A．didn’t fall B．weren’t falling C．hadn’t fallen D．haven’t fallen 10．She looks as if she _____ ten years younger.A．is B．was C．were D．had been 11．—I’m sorry. I________to your birthday party if……—Forget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.A．had come B．would have come C．needn’t have come D．came12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result.A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．Don't you think it is time you ______ the plan?It is_______ the managers wanted tosee________ soon.A．set out discussing; that ;to be carried outB．should set about discussing; that ; to carry outC．should set out to discuss ;what; to be carried outD．set about discussing, what; carried out14．The teacher made a request that all the homework ________ before class.A．should hand in B．must be handed inC．be handed in D．were handed in15．If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A．were to B．will C．would D．is to16．—Would you mind if I ______ the window?—Not at all. In fact, I was going to suggest you ______ it.A．open; did B．opened; to do C．open; doing D．opened; do 17．This computer is of good quality. If it ___________ break down within the first three months, we would repair it at our expense.A．would B．were to C．could D．might18．Mr Smith’s doctor suggested that he ______ and exercise regularly.A．should eat B．will eat C．can eat D．would eat19．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _________ you waiting for such a long time.A．will not keep B．have not keptC．had not kept D．would not have kept20．Ms. Lin suggested that he the reading competition.A．has taken part in B．take a part in C．takes part in D．take part in 21．Mable is very weak, so the doctor advised that not only ______ more flood, but she should also take more exercise.A．should she have B．she should have C．she has D．has she22．If he____ to the teacher attentively, he____the answer to the problem now.A．had listened, would have known B．listened, would knowC．listened, would have known D．had listened, would know23．Experts recommended parents _____their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow 24．The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A．desire; are sent B．desiring; were sentC．desire; be sent D．desiring; be sent25．In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it____dotted with shining diamonds. A．is B．were C．will be D．would be【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查insist 用法。

号顿市安谧阳光实验学校牛津高中英语M6语法专项复习（二）虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：（1）陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!（2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如:Open the door, please。

请打开门。

（3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。

)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。

如：If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

虚拟语气一.三种语气介绍语气是表示讲话人对讲话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。

陈述语气英语中有三种语气祈使语气虚拟语气1.陈述语气：表示谓语动词所表达的动作或者状态时符合客观现实的，也就是说把动作或者状态当作事实表达出来，或者是提出一种看法。

·Flowers blossom in spring.·The yellow leaves are falling In the autumn wind. 2.祈使语气：表示号召，命令，劝告，警告，禁止等。

·Let us help you.·Do drop in to see us. 务必来坐坐。

3.虚拟语气：虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。

它表达的是怀疑，忧虑，推测，假设想象或祝愿等。

例如：·Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch a cold.·I wish I were white cloud.二.虚拟语气在条件句当中的运用英语中的条件句真实条件句非真实条件句虚拟条件句含蓄条件句错综时间条件句在一个个条件句中，如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，我们就称之为虚拟条件句。

3．1 虚拟语气的基本形式和用法虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类，如表3-1所示。

表3—1 虚拟条件句的基本形式*与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时。

·If there were no air, we couldn’t live.·If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved. 如果每个公民都懂得急救，那么许多人的生命会得以挽救。

I would ask George to lend us the money if Ihim.A.had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know[答案] CDo you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak[答案]A*与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

be动词在虚拟语气中的用法虚拟语气是英语语法中一个重要的概念，用于表达非事实情况、假设条件或愿望等。

在虚拟语气中，be动词扮演了重要的角色。

本文将详细探讨be动词在虚拟语气中的用法。

一、be动词的基本形式be动词有三个基本形式：am、is、are。

它们分别用于第一人称单数、第三人称单数和复数。

在虚拟语气中，be动词的用法有所不同。

下面将讨论虚拟语气中be动词的三种形式。

1. 虚拟语气中的be动词用法当我们要表达与现实情况相反或与事实不符的假设条件时，可以使用虚拟语气。

在这种情况下，be动词的用法如下：(1) 若假设条件是与现在事实相反，我们使用be动词的过去形式were，而不是is或者are。

例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。

）(2) 若假设条件是与过去事实相反，我们同样使用be动词的过去形式were。

例如：If I had known the truth, I wouldn't have trusted him.（如果我早知道真相，我就不会信任他了。

）2. 与现实相反的愿望除了假设条件，虚拟语气也用于表达与现实相反的愿望。

在这种情况下，be动词的用法如下：(1) 当我们希望现在的情况与实际情况相反时，我们使用be动词的过去形式were。

例如：I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。

）(2) 当我们希望过去的情况不同于实际情况时，同样使用be动词的过去形式were。

例如：I wish I had attended that party.（我希望我去参加了那个聚会。

）3. 与过去事实相反的愿望虚拟语气也可以用于表达与过去事实相反的愿望。

在这种情况下，be动词的用法如下：(1) 当我们希望过去情况与实际情况相反时，我们同样使用be动词的过去形式were。

例如：I wish I were a better student when I was in college.（我希望我在大学时是个更好的学生。

if虚拟的用法（二）if虚拟条件句的省略当if虚拟条件句中有were/had/should，省略if，将were/had/should提前。

（一去二提）【例句】1.If Li Yifeng were my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.→Were Li Yifeng my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.2.If I had finished my task, I would have been in Beijing.→________________________________________________.3.If he should go to the zoo, we would have a happy hour together.→_________________________________________________.4.If he shouldn’t go to the zoo, we would be very sad.Should he not go to the zoo, we would be very sad.（否定词not不动，只将should提前）当遇到否定词not时，不能与were、had、should缩略,not 仍然放在主语后面。

If I hadn’t warned you,you could have been killed.→________________________________________.【总结】if虚拟语气从句中有_____、_____、______,省略_______,将______、_______、________提前。

【练一练】1._______ hard,he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to workB.Had he workedB.Should he work D.Were he to work2._______ you have a meeting tomorrow,I would have to put off to visit you.A.WereB.WouldC.ShouldD.will3.Had you come earlier,you ________ her.A.would have metB. would meetC.will meetD.should meet4.Should you have a meeting tomorrow, I _________ (have to) put off to visit you.5._________ (I be) in your position, I would not take his money.三、if虚拟条件句的错综【回顾】从句主句与现在事实相反的假设did would/should/could/might +do与将来事实相反的假设did/were to/should do would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设had done would/should/could/might +have done 【概念】If I had taken medicine last night, I would be better now.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If I were you,I would have gone home 2 hours ago.错综的意思：if虚拟条件句中主句和从句时间不一致，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间加以调整。

虚拟语气if的三种用法例句有什么三种情况，(1)对过去，从句had done主句would/could/might/have done(2)对现在，从句：did /were 主句：would/could/might do(3)对将来，should do/were to do/did.从句，更上一个一样。

注意，“主将从现”原则。

虚拟语气if的用法1、现在时：当if引导的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时，主句谓语用could、would、should或might 加动词原形，条件从句中的谓语用过去式。

如：If we walk faster,we can get there earlier.如果我们走快一点，就能早点到达那里。

2、过去时：当if引导的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，主句谓语用could、would、should或might 加have再加动词原形，如：If I wear my clothes thicker,I won’t catch a cold.如果我把衣服穿厚点，就不会感冒了。

3、将来时：当if引导的虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反时，主句谓语用could、would、should或might 加动词原形，条件从句中的谓语用过去式。

如：If it rains tomorrow,will you go shopping?如果明天下雨，你还会逛街吗？虚拟语气if的结构1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)。

主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do。

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况：从句：If+主语+had+done。

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done。

3、表示与将来事实相反：从句：①if+主语+were to do。

②if+主语+should+do。

③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）。

高考英语新虚拟语气知识点难题汇编附解析(2)一、选择题1．His suggestion that she ________ in his home suggested he ________ very warm-hearted. A．would stay; was B．stayed; beC．should stay; be D．stay; was2．You can download it and rewrite your report using your own words you acknowledge where you got your information by attaching a list of websites you got your information from. A．should B．mayC．would D．could3．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays.A．won’t be B．hadn’t beenC．wouldn’t be D．can’t be4．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we________ to Shanghai Disneyland.A．go B．had goneC．would go D．went5．—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now.—Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school?A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, wouldC．will be, could D．was, could7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!A．shut B．have shutC．had shut D．would shut8．I strongly suggest that the information ____ in my report ____ to Mr Brown without delay. A．to be referred to; to be e-mailed B．referring to; e-mailC．referred to; be e-mailed D．being referred to; being e-mailed 9．—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be complerely ruined.—I wish they always late.A．weren’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been 10．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.A．need have done B．must have doneC．can have done D．might have done11．It’s requested that a lecture ______ on this subject.A．is given B．should be given C．will be given D．has been given 12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result.A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got13．He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.A．would come B．would have come C．came D．had come 14．The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A．desire; are sent B．desiring; were sentC．desire; be sent D．desiring; be sent15．—I’m sorry. I________to your birthday party if……—Forget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.A．had come B．would have come C．needn’t have come D．came16．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice.A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followedC．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed17．If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A．were to B．will C．would D．is to 18．（2018·江苏）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A．had B．will haveC．would have had D．have had19．______, I would have given you his address.A．If you asked me B．You had asked meC．Should you have asked me D．Had you asked me20．-I can't believe it． Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your advice．A．would he follow B．should he followC．did he follow D．had he followed21．His expression suggested that he ____the invitation and he suggested full preparations _____. A．had accepted; would be made B．accepted; be madeC．has accepted; make D．had accepted; be made22．Experts recommended parents _____their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow 23．They demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult.A．was given B．was giving C．be giving D．be given24．________, the damage would be incalculable.A．Should such a disaster occur B．If such a disaster had occurredC．Had such a disaster occurred D．If such a disaster should be occurred 25．She wouldn’t have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn’t intend to hurt her. A．were she to know B．had she knownC．did she know D．should she have known【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】考查suggest的用法。

高考英语新虚拟语气知识点难题汇编附答案解析(2)一、选择题1．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice.A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followedC．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed2．—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now.—Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school?A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 3．louder, all the students would hear.A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speakC．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke4．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.A．Should B．WouldC．Had D．Did5．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!A．shut B．have shutC．had shut D．would shut6．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem.A．make B．made C．to make D．will make7．We require the thief _________ into prison.A．refers to being put B．referred to be putC．refer to being put D．referred should be put8．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead.A．were it not for B．if there being noC．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for9．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.A．need have done B．must have doneC．can have done D．might have done10．They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 11．She looks as if she _____ ten years younger.A．is B．was C．were D．had been12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result.A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it____dotted with shining diamonds. A．is B．were C．will be D．would be 14．Sam insisted that he______the law and______.A．didn't break;mustn't be punished B．doesn't break;shouldn't punishC．hadn't broken;be not punished D．hadn't broken;not be punished15．-Would you ___ first aid to him, had it been possible?-Yes, but I _____.A．have offered; had got hurt.B．offer; had got hurt.C．have offered; got hurt.D．had offered; had got hurt.16．If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A．were to B．will C．would D．is to17．Mr Smith’s doctor suggested that he ______ and exercise regularly.A．should eat B．will eat C．can eat D．would eat18．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _________ you waiting for such a long time.A．will not keep B．have not keptC．had not kept D．would not have kept19．Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped.A．told B．had told C．would have told D．have told 20．But for the belief that things better soon, many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.A．had got B．got C．would get D．will get21．The order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.A．that; had to leave B．that; should leaveC．/; must leave D．when; should leave22．What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had 23．Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now. A．would not regret B．would not have regrettedC．may not regret D．does not regret24．The teacher made a request that all the homework ________ before class.A．should hand in B．must be handed inC．be handed in D．were handed in25．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.－ I wish they ______ always late.A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t been 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。